open access: why and how?

Open Access: Why and How?

Sridhar Gutam

21/10/2014

ICAR RCER RC Ranchi

Theme 2014: "Generation Open”

Union Budget for S & T(allocations in millions of rupees)

2013–14 2014–15

Department of Atomic Energy 98330 104460

Department of Health Research 10080 10177

Department of Science and Technology 31843 35440

Department of Scientific and Industrial Research

35710 37072

Department of Biotechnology 15020 15172

Department of Space 67920 72380

Department of Agricultural Research and Education

57290 61440

Ministry of Earth Sciences 16900 16990

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy 15340 9560

Source: http://www.nature.com/news/first-modi-budget-spells-austerity-for-indian-science-1.15542

Scholarly Articles

Sl. No. Country Documents Citable

documents Citations Self-CitationsCitations

per Document

H index

1United States 7,846,972 7,281,575 152,984,430 72,993,120 22.02 1,518

2 China 3,129,719 3,095,159 14,752,062 8,022,637 6.81 436

3United Kingdom 2,141,375 1,932,907 37,450,384 8,829,739 19.82 934

4 Germany 1,983,270 1,876,342 30,644,118 7,966,777 17.39 815

5 Japan 1,929,402 1,874,277 23,633,462 6,832,173 13.01 694

6 France 1,421,190 1,348,769 21,193,343 4,815,333 16.85 742

7 Canada 1,110,886 1,040,413 18,826,873 3,580,695 20.05 725

8 Italy 1,083,546 1,015,410 15,317,599 3,570,431 16.45 654

9 India 868,719 825,025 5,666,045 1,957,907 8.83 341

10 Spain 857,158 800,214 10,584,940 2,629,669 15.08 531

Source: http://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php

Scholarly Articles – Year WiseYear Documents Citable Documents

% International Collaboration

% World

2000 23,776 23,237 14.97 1.91

2001 24,761 24,052 12.97 1.85

2002 26,841 25,928 13.26 1.93

2003 31,323 29,819 18.02 2.16

2004 34,623 32,925 18.95 2.17

2005 36,611 34,669 18.99 2.18

2006 45,979 43,596 19.02 2.40

2007 50,889 48,126 19.49 2.53

2008 58,162 54,941 18.66 2.74

2009 65,995 62,523 18.14 2.97

2010 78,226 73,924 17.07 3.32

2011 95,142 89,576 16.12 3.79

2012 102,881 96,841 16.18 3.99

2013 106,029 98,968 16.49 4.13

Source: http://www.scimagojr.com/countrysearch.php?country=IN

India @ DOAJ and ROAR

• Articles– Brazil (328693)– United Kingdom (183276)– United States (102136)– India (88587)

• Journals– 594 (89 CC-BY; 252 No APCs)

• Repositories– 95 (104)

Availability and Accessibility(of IARI publications)

• Examined for 2008–2010, of the 221 indexed journals, only 19 (9%) were open access journals indexed in DOAJ.

• Additionally, 14% of the published articles could be found on Eprints@IARI.

• Thus, up to 23% of the published literature is available and accessible to the public.

• The percentage of articles available in CeRA was 69%.

• This shows that a little more than 30% of the articles published were not available in CeRA.

Source: http://src-online.ca/index.php/src/article/view/86

The Problem

• A lot of valuable information is generated that could guide decisions and resolve problems — but so little is accessible when it is needed!

• We produce results, but what happens to them? It seems that much useful data and information never get published and the farmers don’t seem to benefit.

Source: CIARD

Open Access

• Means unrestricted online access to peer-reviewed scholarly research (also theses, book chapters, and scholarly monographs).

• Comes in two degrees: – gratis open access, which is free online access– libre open access, which is free online access plus some

additional usage rights (granted through use of Creative Commons licenses).

Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions. What makes it possible is the internet and the consent of the author or copyright-holder. – Peter Suber.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access

Budapest Open Access Initiative, 2001

• Conference convened in Budapest by the Open Society Institute on December 1–2, 2001

• Public statement of principles relating to open access to the research literature.

• Recognized as one of the major historical, and defining, events of the open access movement.

• On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the initiative (2012), recommended – "the new goal that within the next ten years, OA will

become the default method for distributing new peer-reviewed research in every field and country”.

BOAI 10 Recommendations

• Every institution of higher education should have a policy assuring that peer-reviewed versions of all future scholarly articles by faculty members are deposited in the institution’s designated repository.

• Universities with institutional repositories should require deposit in the repository for all research articles to be considered for promotion, tenure, or other forms of internal assessment and review.

NKC Recommends Open Access

• At a policy level, all research articles published by Indian authors receiving substantial government or public funding must be made available under Open Access.

• A national academic OA portal should be developed.

Source: knowledgecommission.gov.in/

ICAR‘s Open Access Policy, Sept. 2013

ICAR’s Open Access Policy

• The authors of the scholarly literature produced from the research funded in whole or part by the ICAR or by other Public Funds at ICAR establishments are required to deposit the final version of the author's peer-reviewed manuscript in the ICAR institute’s Open Access Institutional Repository.

• Scientists are advised to mention the ICAR’s Open Access policy while signing the copyright agreements with the publishers and the embargo, if any, should not be later than 12 months.

Authors Addendum

DBT/DST Open Access Policy – 2nd Draft, 2014

• The final accepted manuscript (after refereeing, revision, etc.) resulting from research projects, which are fully or partially funded by DBT or DST, or were performed using infrastructure built with the support of these organizations, should be deposited.

CISR Open Access Policy, 2009

• All research papers published from all CSIR laboratories and supported by a grant from CSIR will be made open access by depositing the full ‐ text and the metadata of each paper in an institutional repository

Why Open Access?• Funders invest in research in order to accelerate the pace of

scientific discovery, encourage innovation, enrich education, and stimulate the economy – to improve the public good.

• Broad access to the results of research is an essential component of the research process itself.

• Research advances only through sharing of results, and the value of an investment in research is only maximized through wide use of its results.

• Research results are not available to the broadest community of potential users.

• The Internet provides a new opportunity to bring information to a wider audience at virtually no marginal cost, and allow them to use it in new, innovative ways.

• This has resulted in a call for new framework to allow research results to be more easily accessed and used—a call for Open Access.

Source: http://www.sparc.arl.org/resources/open-access/why-oa

Why Open Access


Why Open Access

• Better visibility and higher impact for your scholarship: – Studies have shown a significant increase in citations when articles

are made openly available.• Avoiding duplication:

– no researcher wants to waste time and money conducting a study if they know it has been attempted elsewhere.

• Research is useless if it’s not shared: – even the best research is ineffectual if others aren’t able to read and

build on it. When price barriers keep articles locked away, science cannot achieve its full potential.

• Text mining:– text mining could be very beneficial by giving researchers an over-

arching view of a particular field and uncovering trends and connections within their own field and between seemingly unrelated fields that no human researcher could discern.


Who Benefits from Open Access?

• For Researchers– Increases readers’ ability to find use relevant

literature– Increases the visibility, readership and impact of

author’s works– Creates new avenues for discovery in digital

environment– Enhances interdisciplinary research– Accelerates the pace of research, discovery and

innovation

Source: http://www.righttoresearch.org/learn/whyOA/index.shtml#Researchers

Dr. Melissa Terras’s Twitter Effect

• Downloads of paper on Digital Curiosities were doubled twice since the time she deposited and when she blogged and tweeted.

Source: http://www.oastories.org/2012/10/dr-melissa-terras-open-access-and-the-twitter-effect

“You can spend years producing a research paper, why would you not spend the time it takes to deposit it in Open Access repository, and the seconds it takes to share that copy online with as many people as you possibly can”. -Melissa Terras


• Research Funders– Leverages return on research investment– Creates tool to manage research portfolio– Avoids funding duplicative research– Creates transparency– Encourages greater interaction with results of

funded research


• Public– Provides access to previously unavailable

materials relating to health, energy, environment, and other areas of broad interest

– Creates better educated populace– Encourages support of scientific enterprise and

engagement in citizen science

Bielefeld Academic Search Engine

BASE is one of the world's most voluminous search engines for academic open access operated by Bielefeld University Library.Currently 42,125,071 documents of 2,462 content sources

Source: BASE

OA and Copyrights??

• Most of the publishers allow either pre-prints/post-prints to archive and few others allow ‘publisher's pdf’ version.

• SHERPA/RoMEO – Publisher's Copyrights Policies.

• 'All Rights Reserved' to 'Some Rights Reserved‘ using Creative Commons.

Policies@SHERPA/RoMEO

Source: SHERPA/RoMEO

MAPAI’s OAJMAP

Source: SHERPA/RoMEO

Pre-Prints and Post-Prints

• Pre-Prints• First draft of the article - before

peer-review, even before any contact with a publisher

• Post-Prints• Version of the paper after peer-

review, with revisions having been made.

MAPAI’s OAJMAP uses CC-BY

Source: OAJMAP

CC-BY Attribution 4.0

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

• You are free to:– Share — copy and redistribute the material in any

medium or format – Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the

material for any purpose, even commercially. • The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as

long as you follow the license terms.

Repositories@ICAR

29/10/2011 33

Eprints@IARI

E-Repository@IIHR

DSpice@IISR

eprints – repository software

Eprints@CMFRI

S Ayyappan – Eprints@CMFRI

ICAR RCER Repository

[email protected]

ICAR RCER @ OpenDepot.org

http://opendepot.org/view/authorInstitution/ICAR_Research_Complex_for_Eastern_Region.html

ICAR RCER Repository

https://sites.google.com/site/icarrcer/home

OpenDepot.org

• University of Edinburgh, UK.• An assured service to make research Open

Access - now available for researchers worldwide.

• For those without a local repository, including un-affilitiated researchers, the OpenDepot.org is a place of deposit, available for others to harvest.

OpenDepot.org

Open Access India

• Contributes to the activities/initiatives of– AIMS, CIARD, GODAN, OKFN & DataMeet

• Conveners– Sridhar Gutam & Barnali Roy Choudhury

• Facebook Group– 7131 members (https://www.facebook.com/groups/oaindia/)

• WordPress Blog– 5,672 hits Since Dec 27, 2012

(http://oaindia2013.wordpress.com/)• Facebook Page

– 735 likes (https://www.facebook.com/oaindia)• Twitter

– 433 followers (https://twitter.com/OpenAccessIndia)

Aaron Hillel Swartz

Thank you for your kind attention

Unless otherwise stated, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/