Open AccessIssues and challenges!

ICDL, November 28, 2013

byDr. H Anil Kumar, IIM Ahmedabad

India and education• Education

– Identify what to get educated on– Identify which institution provides it– Apply –Exam - Admission – Fees– Coursework – Exam – Certificate (credible)

• Education today– Too many applicants and too few seats– India GER is a little over 19%– Unemployable – skill deficiency– Employer is educating!

• Quality of education– Lack of access to

• Teachers• Courses• Information Resources• Something wrong in pedagogy

– Low reading – Academically adrift– 5% learning in the classroom

Technology Trends

• Technology and Hole in the wall• The power of the Internet and GOOGLE• Open Movement– OSS– Open Data– Open Education – MOOCs– Open Access

Research Trends

• Shift from analysis to data is becoming stronger

• Non-scholarly publishing is taking over traditional domains and capturing the mind share

• OA – journals and books are increasing• Self publishing• Open Peer review

http://www.openscholar.org.uk/open-peer-review/

http://www.peerageofscience.org/

“Decoupling the journal”Citation: Priem J and Hemminger BM (2012) Decoupling the scholarly journal. Front.

Comput. Neurosci. 6:19. doi: 10.3389/fncom.2012.00019

• Concept of a journal is being challenged!• COUNTER to PIRUS• Citation to usage – IMPACT!• Web communication is leading to different

ways of impact evaluation - Altmetrics

• The proportion of the UK’s total annual research output that was available through open access in 2012 was about 40%, compared to a worldwide average of 20%.

• The latest data from the UK Open Access Implementation Group shows that 35% of the UK’s total research outputs are freely provided through Green, through an existing network of more than 200 active institutional and disciplinary repositories

• Inevitable • All agree that it is needed but….funding!• Unsustainable subs

Serials expenditures have been rising at approximatelytriple the rate of the consumer price index over this time

Current business model in the scholarly publishing

• Currently, public funds are used three times in the research process– to pay the academics who conduct the research– to pay the salaries of the academics who conduct the peer review process– to pay for access to this research through institutional journal subscriptions

• UK HE libraries – More than £150m subscriptions annually – Yet cannot afford to access all the research that is needed

• Are we being charged more or less than another – No idea– The power to negotiate is driven down

• There is mounting concern that the financial benefits from the Government’s substantial investment in research are being diverted to an excessive degree into the pockets of publishers’ shareholders.

A few examples …

http://www.open.edu/openlearn/

www.coursera.org

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http://www.flatworldknowledge.com

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w.intechopen.com

http://www.hindawi.com/

Hindawi

• 50K papers per month• 40% acceptance• 33 institution members• Authors / institutions pay• Revenues $ 0.5 b (2002) to $5.4b (2010) to

$12 b (2011)

• Advertising– selling advertising space on the delivered OA content

• Collaborative underwriting– share production costs for a forthcoming OA book or OA book collection– Print books would be available for purchase separately

• Cross subsidies– Fund with profits from non-OA publications

• Crowdfunding– a publisher to pitch potential projects online– the broader community—the “crowd” —who may fund work with financial

donations– With enough financial backing from the crowd, the project goes into

production• Dual-edition publishing

– offer full-text OA editions alongside priced, print-on-demand (POD) editions

OA Book Business Models

http://oad.simmons.edu/oadwiki/OA_book_business_models

OA Book Business Models• Endowments

– OA publisher builds an endowment and use the annual interest to cover its expenses

• Institutional subsidies– institution to subsidize OA publications, in whole or part, directly or

indirectly– It may provide cash, facilities, equipment, or personnel– Most of these publishers will also raise revenue by selling POD editions

• Temporary OA– to offer access to a title or collection freely for a restricted period

• Value-added services– to offer extra services on top of OA content like royalties on print copy

sales,– full browsing functions and full-text search of a publication– navigation tools; enhanced, multimedia publications– connections to blogs, podcast and online resources and social media sites– consultancy services; web marketing, e-management.

Conclusion

• OA as a model has arrived!• Funding issue is the make or break factor!• Government funding may be important• INNOVATION in business models is important• Only a partnership approach that will work

THANKS

anilkumar@iimahd.ernet.in