ON YOUR OWN ANSWER THE REVIEW QUESTIONS!!!

• I’ll Check back in 5-10 minutes. If you are not being productive I am going to call home!!!

1. What is the name of the period Greece would enter after the fall of Mycenaea?2. What years did this period last?3. Why is there little known about this period?4. What separated Greek villages?5. Gradually the people organized themselves into what?6. Why do we consider all the Greek city states to be part of the Greek Civilization?7. What were the names of the 2 most famous city states?8. What is an aristocracy?9. What is an oligarchy?10. Many Greeks abandoned oligarchies and established what?11. What is a democracy?12. What type of government did Athens have?13. In one sentence describe how the people in Athens lived?14. Sparta’s government was ruled by?15. What did the Spartans not care about? 16. What did the Spartans care about?17. What happened to men at age 7 in Sparta?18. True or false women meant to be strong and healthy?

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAPER, ANSWER INTO WARM UP

Create a double bubble map on Athens and Sparta

Athens Sparta

Ancient Greece

Effects of Physical GeographyEffects of Physical Geography

• Located on the Balkan Peninsula...it is surrounded by several seas

• No rivers• Greece traded with other

regions• Mountains cover 70-80%

• Became skilled sailors and shipbuilders

• Used seas as transportation corridors

• Brought in important goods (grain, timber, animal hides & slaves)

• Made transportation difficult AND it was hard to unite Greece under a single government!!!

EFFECTCAUSE

Greek City-StatesGreek City-States• Due to phys. features, Greece was divided into small regions

– Because of this, the basic form of government was the City-State

City-State• Made up of city & surrounding area• Small b/c physical features limited their size• Fewer than 20,000 residents….close community• A city with its own laws, rulers and money• Cities that acted like countries• Athens & Sparta were the largest Greek city-states!

Greek City StateGreek City State

Athens vs. SpartaAthens vs. SpartaLet’s compare!Athens

• Philosophical societyPhilosophical society• Government—direct democracyGovernment—direct democracy

– Athens became the Athens became the world’s first democracy world’s first democracy around 508 B.Caround 508 B.C

– All “citizens” met to vote & had a direct say All “citizens” met to vote & had a direct say in things (citizens served in the army when in things (citizens served in the army when needed and they were also required to needed and they were also required to serve on juries)serve on juries)

– Only free men were “citizens”Only free men were “citizens”– Council of Four Hundred took care of day-Council of Four Hundred took care of day-

to-day problemsto-day problems– Assembly voted on policies proposed by Assembly voted on policies proposed by

councilcouncil

Athens vs. SpartaLet’s compare!

Athens• 4 social groups/classes based on income• Foreigners, women, children and slaves were

not “citizens”• Slaves

– 1/3 of population– Worked in homes, agriculture, industry, mines,

and even alongside masters– Some earned wages & were able to buy their

freedom

Athens vs. SpartaLet’s compare!

AthensAthens• EducationEducation

– Boys of wealthy families started school at Boys of wealthy families started school at age 6 or 7age 6 or 7

– Prepared them to be good citizensPrepared them to be good citizens– Studied logic & public speaking (for Studied logic & public speaking (for

preparation to be part of the assembly)preparation to be part of the assembly)– Also studied reading, writing, poetry, Also studied reading, writing, poetry,

arithmetic & musicarithmetic & music

Athens vs. SpartaLet’s compare!

AthensAthens• WomenWomen

– Expected to be good wives & mothersExpected to be good wives & mothers– Expected to keep family * society strongExpected to keep family * society strong– Much less freedom than Spartan womenMuch less freedom than Spartan women– Did not attend schoolDid not attend school– Could only own land if she inherited it from her Could only own land if she inherited it from her

father (that is if he didn’t have a son to pass it on father (that is if he didn’t have a son to pass it on to)to)

– Few learned to read or writeFew learned to read or write

AthensAthens

Athens vs. SpartaLet’s compare!

SpartaSparta• War/Military SocietyWar/Military Society• Government—combination of Government—combination of

monarchy, democracy, oligarchymonarchy, democracy, oligarchy– 2 kings ruled Sparta2 kings ruled Sparta– 5 elected citizens ran the gov’t5 elected citizens ran the gov’t– Council of Elders (30 older citizens & Council of Elders (30 older citizens &

wealthy land owners) proposed lawswealthy land owners) proposed laws– All citizens were part of the All citizens were part of the

Assembly—they elected officials & Assembly—they elected officials & voted on laws proposed by the voted on laws proposed by the councilcouncil

Athens vs. SpartaLet’s compare!

Sparta• 3 social groups3 social groups

– Citizens—lived in the city & spent ALL their time Citizens—lived in the city & spent ALL their time trainingtraining

– Free Non-Citizens—lived in nearby villagesFree Non-Citizens—lived in nearby villages– Helots—slaves who worked land and provided Helots—slaves who worked land and provided

for the citizens, thus allowing Spartan citizens to for the citizens, thus allowing Spartan citizens to be full-time soldiersbe full-time soldiers

Athens vs. SpartaAthens vs. SpartaLet’s compare!Let’s compare!

SpartaSparta• EducationEducation

– Goal=have a strong army!Goal=have a strong army!– At age 7 boys were taken to military houses to At age 7 boys were taken to military houses to

start training to be Spartan soldiersstart training to be Spartan soldiers– Education included discipline, duty, strength, Education included discipline, duty, strength,

military skill and wittiness/quick thinkingmilitary skill and wittiness/quick thinking

Athens vs. SpartaLet’s compare!

Sparta• Women

– Expected to be tough both emotionally & physically

• “Bring back your shield, or come back on it”– Education focused on making them strong

• Athletic training• Learned to defend themselves

– Had a lot of freedom since the emphasis of the society was on the military, NOT on the family

– Husbands spent a lot of time away– Were able to own property

SpartaSparta

Persians Invade GreecePersians Invade Greece• 480 B.C Persia invaded Greece480 B.C Persia invaded Greece• City-states united to fight off the Persians and City-states united to fight off the Persians and

their massive militarytheir massive military• Battle of Thermopylae: The Spartan army held Battle of Thermopylae: The Spartan army held

off the Persian army of 250,000 for three days off the Persian army of 250,000 for three days with only 300 soldiers. with only 300 soldiers. – This gave Athenians time to prepare This gave Athenians time to prepare

for battle themselves for battle themselves

• City-states of Greece eventually City-states of Greece eventually defeated invasion defeated invasion

After Persian Wars• Greek city-states formed the Greek city-states formed the Delian League Delian League

for the mutual protection of allfor the mutual protection of all– Most city-states contributed money to fund the LeagueMost city-states contributed money to fund the League

• Athens began to dip into the fund to build up its navy Athens began to dip into the fund to build up its navy and to beautify its cityand to beautify its city

• PericlesPericles—Athenian general & statesman largely —Athenian general & statesman largely responsible for the full development of Athenian responsible for the full development of Athenian democracy and the Athenian empiredemocracy and the Athenian empire– He emerged after the Persian Wars and by 460 B.C., he was He emerged after the Persian Wars and by 460 B.C., he was

the strongest leader in Athensthe strongest leader in Athens

Persian WarsPersian Wars

Peloponnesian War27 year-long war between Athens and Sparta27 year-long war between Athens and SpartaCauses:Causes:• Some city-states feared Athens b/c of its grab Some city-states feared Athens b/c of its grab

for power & prestigefor power & prestige• Under Pericles, Athens grew from a city-state to Under Pericles, Athens grew from a city-state to

a naval empirea naval empire• Some Athenian settlers began to move into Some Athenian settlers began to move into

lands of other city-stateslands of other city-states• Athens used money pooled together in the Athens used money pooled together in the

Delian League for its own devices!Delian League for its own devices!

Peloponnesian WarSpartaHad better land-based Had better land-based

military force & its location military force & its location couldn’t be attacked by seacouldn’t be attacked by sea

• Cut off the Athenian food Cut off the Athenian food supply by destroying supply by destroying cropscrops

• Took control of Took control of countryside around countryside around AthensAthens

AthensAthensHad better navy & could Had better navy & could

strike Sparta’s allies by sea.strike Sparta’s allies by sea.• Avoid battles on land Avoid battles on land • Rely on sea powerRely on sea power• Pericles persuaded Athenians Pericles persuaded Athenians

to allow Spartans to destroy to allow Spartans to destroy countrysidecountryside

• He brought people from the He brought people from the areas surrounding Athens areas surrounding Athens inside city walls for safetyinside city walls for safety

Strategies

Peloponnesian WarPeloponnesian War

• Pericles’ plan to bring people into Athens Pericles’ plan to bring people into Athens backfired!backfired!– The city became badly overcrowded and a plague The city became badly overcrowded and a plague

spread quickly and easily causing Athens to loose spread quickly and easily causing Athens to loose 1/3 of its people and armed forces…even Pericles 1/3 of its people and armed forces…even Pericles himself died from the plague!himself died from the plague!

• Athens finally surrendered to Sparta in 404 Athens finally surrendered to Sparta in 404 B.C.B.C.

Results

Peloponnesian War

• Since it lasted over 27 years, cities & crops Since it lasted over 27 years, cities & crops were destroyed and thousands of Greeks were destroyed and thousands of Greeks dieddied

• All Greek city-states suffered losses of All Greek city-states suffered losses of economic and military powereconomic and military power

• City-states were weakened, allowing King City-states were weakened, allowing King Phillip II of Macedonia to take power of all Phillip II of Macedonia to take power of all Greek city-statesGreek city-states

Effects

King Phillip II• His dictatorial rule ended Greek democratic practicesHis dictatorial rule ended Greek democratic practices• After conquering the weak and disorganized Greek city-After conquering the weak and disorganized Greek city-

states, he prepared his army to attack Persiastates, he prepared his army to attack Persia• 336 B.C.—Phillip was assassinated at his daughter’s wedding336 B.C.—Phillip was assassinated at his daughter’s wedding

– Left his 20 year-old son, Alexander, in chargeLeft his 20 year-old son, Alexander, in charge

King Phillip IIKing Phillip II

Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great• Alexander continued his father’s plan for creating an Alexander continued his father’s plan for creating an

empire and attacking Persiaempire and attacking Persia• Before he could, Thebes (a Greek city-state) rebelled Before he could, Thebes (a Greek city-state) rebelled

against him.against him.• He used Thebes’ rebellion to send a message to any He used Thebes’ rebellion to send a message to any

other city-states…other city-states…• He leveled the city, killed the soldiers, and sold the He leveled the city, killed the soldiers, and sold the

women and children into slavery.women and children into slavery.• Message sent was a warning of the price of rebellionMessage sent was a warning of the price of rebellion•From there, he spent the next 12 From there, he spent the next 12 years creating an empire. years creating an empire.•Because of his achievements, he Because of his achievements, he is called Alexander the Greatis called Alexander the Great

Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great

Important PeopleSocrates• The first great Greek The first great Greek

philosopherphilosopher• A philosopher is someone A philosopher is someone

who tries to explain the who tries to explain the nature of life.nature of life.

• Socrates taught by asking Socrates taught by asking questions. This method of questions. This method of questioning is still called the questioning is still called the Socratic method. Socratic method.

SocratesSocrates

Important PeoplePlatoPlato• Plato was a student of Plato was a student of

Socrates.Socrates.• Influenced by Socrates' Influenced by Socrates'

deathdeath• He started a school called He started a school called

The Academy.The Academy.• one of the greatest and one of the greatest and

most influential thinker of most influential thinker of all timeall time

PlatoPlato

Important PeopleAristotle• Born in Macedonia, son of a

physician • Studied under Plato in his

Academy• Teacher of Alexander the

Great• He wrote about science,

art, law, poetry, and government.

AristotleAristotle

Greek Mythology

What is Greek Mythology?• The people of ancient Greece shared

stories called myths about the gods, goddesses, and heroes in which they believed.

• Each god or goddess was worshipped as a deity and ruled over certain areas of the Greeks’ lives.

• These exciting stories explained natural phenomena that could not be explained by science in the ancient WORLD– Example: Persephone, Demeter & Hades

Zeus – Leader of the Olympian Gods• He ruled the Olympians.• He was the god of the sky,

lightning and thunder carrying a thunderbolt as his symbol.

• He married Hera, his sister, which was a family habit.

• He fathered many children with various goddesses and mortals.

Other Greek godsOther Greek gods• PoseidonPoseidon – God of the Sea– God of the Sea• Hades Hades – God of the Underworld– God of the Underworld• Apollo Apollo -The Sun God; God of Music, Poetry, Wisdom, Light and Truth -The Sun God; God of Music, Poetry, Wisdom, Light and Truth

((He was the twin brother of Artemis and the most handsome of the He was the twin brother of Artemis and the most handsome of the gods.)gods.)

• Artemis Artemis - Goddess of the Woods, Moon and the Hunt- Goddess of the Woods, Moon and the Hunt• Aphrodite Aphrodite - Goddess of Love and Beauty.- Goddess of Love and Beauty.• Athena Athena -Goddess of Wisdom, Justice, War, Civilization and Peace-Goddess of Wisdom, Justice, War, Civilization and Peace