on the road to re-defining sustainability
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assessing the resilience of windhoek. on the road to re-defining SUSTAINABILITY. BY SOPHIA VAN GREUNEN. ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK. Sustainability. 80’s. ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK. Sustainability. A Sustainable Society is one that satisfies its own needs - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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on the road to re-defining SUSTAINABILITYassessing the resilience of
windhoek
BY SOPHIA VAN GREUNEN
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ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK Sustainability
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SustainabilityASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF
WINDHOEK
A Sustainable Society is one that satisfies its own needs without diminishing the prospects of future generations¹
80’s
¹ LESTER BROWN CITED IN CAPRA 1996 p4
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GREATEST CHALLENGE OF OUR TIME;
the creation of Sustainable communities
ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK
90’s
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ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK 50% of world population living in urban areas
2008
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ResilienceASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF
WINDHOEK
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RESILIENCEASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF
WINDHOEK
The ability of a social or ecological system to absorb disturbances while retaining the same basic structure and ways of functioning,
the capacity for Self-organisation, and the capacity to adapt to stress and change ²
² SURJAN ET AL 2011 p19
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ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK
CITY = (ECO)SYSTEM
SYSTEMS THINKING
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THE WORLD POPULATION DENSITIES
ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK
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WINDHOEK THE CAPITAL OF NAMIBIA
ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK
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WINDHOEK A FAST GROWING CITY
SOCIAL SYSTEMSASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF
WINDHOEK
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COMPARED URBAN POPULATION VS TOTAL POPULATION
ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK
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INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS
ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK
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ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK
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WINDHOEK: AN OVERVIEW
ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK
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WINDHOEK POPULATION DENSITIES COMPARED
ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK
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ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
changing human conditions drive, both directly and indirectly, changes in biodiversity, changes in
ecosystems, and ultimately changes in the services ecosystems provide.³
³ MILLENIUM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT 2005 piii
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THE ROLE OF BIODIVERSITY IN A ECOSYSTEM adapted from the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment³
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WINDHOEK THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK
Over clearing of areas =habitat destruction /water run-off /Erosion /depletion
The urgent conservation of the Windhoek underground aquifer
pollution from industrial and urban waste, alien aquatic species and agricultural management practices =Threats to open water habitats
Alien plant species =heavy burdens on the city’s water resources
Proposed developments and heavy industry to the north of the City =destruction of the Klein Windhoek River Habitat.
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WINDHOEK THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK
Lack of access to electricity and fuel-efficient cook stoves =deforestation of slow-growing protected plant species EG the Camel thorn
Over-harvesting and selling the pods of the Camel thorn tree, to feed livestock
Sand harvesting leads = significant loss of Camel thorn trees and the destruction of their important riverine habitat +making the area susceptible to alien invasive species
general Lack of environmental research, lack of awareness under policy makers and insufficient monitoring of the city’s natural resources and systems.
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NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN NEIGHBOURS
ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK
ANGOLA
SOUTH AFRICA
ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL SYSTEMS
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SOUTH AFRICAN LABOUR STRIKES
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ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK
Ministry of Agriculture, Water & ForestryMinistry of Fisheries AND Marine ResourcesMinistry of Environment and TourismMinistry of Works AND TransportMINISTRY OF LANDS AND RESETTLEMENTMINISTRY OF REGIONAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND HOUSING AND RURAL DEVELOPMENTMINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICESMINISTRY OF GENDER EQUALITY AND CHILD WELLFAREMINISTRY OF LABOUR AND SOCIAL WELFAREMINISTRY OF VETERANS AFFAIRSMINISTRY OF EDUCATIONMINISTRY OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGYMINISTRY OF SAFETY AND SECURITYMINISTRY OF DEFENCEMINISTRY OF MINES AND ENERGYMINISTRY OF TRADE AND INDUSTRYMINISTRY OF YOUTH, MATIONAL SERVICE, SPORT AND CULTUREMISISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS AND IMMIGRATIONMINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRSMINISTRY OF FINANCE
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mappingASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF
WINDHOEK
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SLOW CHANGING INTERNAL FACTORSlocal governance, infrastructure, land-use & management, human rights, policy making, culture, values, long-term skills transfer
local climate change, animal densities, local habitat stability, crop yields, water, soil and atmosphere quality,
education, attitudes & trends, incentives, bylaws & rulesfires, flash floods, disease outbreaks
FAST CHANGING INTERNAL FACTORS
FAST CHANGING EXTERNAL FACTORS
civil wars, labour strikes (direct), markets, income &
investments, mediaplague or epidemic outbreaks,
seasonal climate changes, floods, drought,
sinkholes
SLOW CHANGING EXTERNAL FACTORS
governance, labour strikes (indirect),
world trends, neighbouring governments,
world economy, skills transfer,
regional development, regional rainfall,
disease, climate change,
regional habitat changes
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general RESILIENCEASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF
WINDHOEK DiversityopennessReserves
Tightness of feedbacksmodularity
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Specified resilienceASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF
WINDHOEK
MAIN ISSUES AND THEIR IMPACTS
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ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK
MAPPING SOCIAL NETWORKS
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ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK ADRESS IDENTIFIED MAIN ISSUES AND THEIR IMPACTS
ADRESS IDENTIFIED FACTORS OF CHANGE AND HOW THEY CAN BE AVOIDED
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ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK General recommendations for WINDHOEK
to foster biological, economic and cultural diversity;
bridge the massive social & geographical divides;
address the explicit lack of education and housing;
kerb social problems like poverty, HIV, violence, racism and prejudice;
reduce the economy’s reliance on external factors;
promote a holistic approach to governance;
promote social networks which would encourage collaborative objectives and
outcomes;
promote sustainable practices and environmental awareness
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A new sustainabilityASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF
WINDHOEK
There are solutions to the major problems of our time; some of them even simple. But
they require a radical shift in our perceptions, our thinking, our values 4
4 CAPRA 1996 p4
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ASSESSING THE RESILIENCE OF WINDHOEK Sources
Bravenboer, B. 2004: Windhoek – Capital of Namibia. Windhoek: Gamsberg Macmillan Publishers (Pty) Ltd
Capra, F. 1996: The Web of Life – A New Synthesis of Mind and Matter. London: HarperCollins Publishers
City of Windhoek Biodiversity Inventory. 2009. Compiled by Enviro Dynamics (Pty) Ltd, Windhoek
Madanipour, A. 2003: Public and Private Spaces of the City. New York: Routledge.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005: Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Biodiversity Synthesis. World
Resources Institute, Washington, DC.
National Planning Commission. 2011: Namibia 2011 Population and Housing Census Preliminary Results
Niikondo, A. 2010: Migrants to Cities and Towns in Namibia: What their Interests are? Polytechnic of Namibia
http://ir.polytechnic.edu.na/bitstream/10628/249/1/Niikondo.%20Migrants%20to%20cities%20and%20towns%20in%
20Namibia.pdf
downloaded 10 October 2012
Resilience Alliance. 2010: Assessing resilience in social-ecological systems: Workbook for practitioners. Version
2.0
Surjan, A; Sharma, A and Shaw, R. 2011: Climate and Disaster Resilience in Cities. Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.