on non-finite forms in "m" and possessor agreement marking in erzya: nominative and...

On Non-finite Forms in "m" On Non-finite Forms in "m" and Possessor Agreement and Possessor Agreement

Marking in Erzya: Marking in Erzya: Nominative and Ablative Nominative and Ablative

Jack M RueterJack M Rueterrueter[at]cc.helsinki.firueter[at]cc.helsinki.fi

Grammar and Context – Helsinki Grammar and Context – Helsinki 27-29. Aug. 200727-29. Aug. 2007

(1) Wiedemann's "(1) Wiedemann's "momo / / meme" " Verbal NominalsVerbal Nominals

panžopanžo +mo+mo

panžupanžu +ma+ma

‘‘to.open’to.open’ InfInf

Grammar and Context -- Grammar and Context -- Helsinki 27-29.Aug. Helsinki 27-29.Aug. 20072007

© Jack Rueter © Jack Rueter rueter[at]cc.helsinki.firueter[at]cc.helsinki.fi

Consonant/Vowel Stem AlternationConsonant/Vowel Stem Alternation

CASESCASES Cons StemCons Stem Vow StemVow Stem AdpositionAdposition

Ind.Nom.SgInd.Nom.Sg laŋgolaŋgopaŋgopaŋgo

n.a.n.a.

Indet.Nom.Indet.Nom.Pl or equalPl or equal

laŋgtlaŋgtpaŋgtpaŋgt

laŋgotlaŋgotpaŋgotpaŋgot

mekevlaŋkmekevlaŋk (< (< mekevmekev + + langtlangt))

Indet.GenIndet.Gen n.a.n.a. laŋgonʲlaŋgonʲpaŋgonʲpaŋgonʲ

n.a.n.a.

Indet.AbeIndet.Abe laŋgtomolaŋgtomopaŋgtomopaŋgtomo

laŋgovtomolaŋgovtomopaŋgovtompaŋgovtomoo

n.a.n.a.Grammar and Context -- Grammar and Context -- Helsinki 27-29.Aug. Helsinki 27-29.Aug. 20072007


Consonant/Vowel Stem AlternationConsonant/Vowel Stem Alternation

CASESCASES Cons StemCons Stem Vow StemVow Stem AdpositionAdposition

Indet.AblIndet.Abl laŋgtolaŋgtopaŋgtopaŋgto

laŋgodolaŋgodopaŋgopaŋgododo

n.a.n.a.

Indet.IllIndet.Ill laŋgslaŋgspaŋgspaŋgs

laŋgoslaŋgospaŋgospaŋgos

laŋgslaŋgs

Indet.IneIndet.Ine laŋgsolaŋgsopaŋgsopaŋgso

laŋgosolaŋgosopaŋgosopaŋgoso

laŋgsolaŋgso

Indet.ElaIndet.Ela laŋgstolaŋgstopaŋgstopaŋgsto

laŋgostolaŋgostopaŋgostopaŋgosto

laŋgstolaŋgsto

Indet.ProlIndet.Prol n.a.n.a.paŋgsopaŋgso

laŋgovalaŋgovapaŋgosopaŋgoso

laŋgalaŋgaGrammar and Context -- Grammar and Context -- Helsinki 27-29.Aug. Helsinki 27-29.Aug. 20072007


(3) (3) Non-finites and Non-finites and Consonant/Vowel Stem AltConsonant/Vowel Stem Alt

CASECASE Cons StemCons Stem Vow StemVow Stem

AblAbl sajemdsajemd ʲ̡ee jarsamdojarsamdo ttʃʃamdomodoamdomodo / / ttʃʃamdomadoamdomado tt ʲ̡ejemedejemed ʲ̡ee / / tt ʲ̡ejemadoejemado

jakamodojakamodo

CompComp nejavomanejavomaʃʃkaka

kirdevemakirdevemaʃʃkaka

DatDat tonavtntonavtn ʲ̡emaneman ʲ̡enen ʲ̡

samonsamon ʲ̡enen ʲ̡ Grammar and Context -- Grammar and Context -- Helsinki 27-29.Aug. Helsinki 27-29.Aug. 20072007




ElaEla putomstoputomsto molʲmestemolʲmeste ll ʲ̡isis ʲ̡emastoemasto

erer ʲ̡amostoamosto

GenGen ujemanʲtʲujemanʲtʲ

samonʲtʲsamonʲtʲ putomanʲtʲputomanʲtʲ

IllIll putomsputoms

putomzonkputomzonk

putomas / putomas / putomosputomosGrammar and Context -- Grammar and Context --

Helsinki 27-29.Aug. Helsinki 27-29.Aug. 20072007




IneIne arʲsʲemsenzearʲsʲemsenze udomsotudomsot

arʲsʲemaso arʲsʲemaso putomasoputomaso

LatLat n.a.n.a. pejdʲkʃnʲemavpejdʲkʃnʲemav / / kortamovkortamov

Loc/ObjLoc/Obj n.a.n.a. ujemeujeme / / samosamo / / putomoputomo





NomNom n.a.n.a. ujemaujema / / samosamo / / putomaputoma

ProlProl nn ʲ̡ejemgaejemga

sodamgasodamga

pejdpejd ʲ̡emavaemava

varvarʃʃtamovatamova

TranslTransl ss ʲ̡imemksimemks

nardamksnardamks

putomaksputomaks

pramokspramoksGrammar and Context -- Grammar and Context -- Helsinki 27-29.Aug. Helsinki 27-29.Aug. 20072007


(4) (4) Illative/Translative InfinitiveIllative/Translative Infinitive

putomsputoms pezemspezems ll ʲ̡eded ʲ̡emsems kortamskortams

putmoksputmoks pezmekspezmeks ll ʲ̡eded ʲ̡meksmeks kortamkskortamks

'to.put''to.put' 'to.wash.the.'to.wash.the.head'head'

'to.mow / 'to.mow / to.shoot'to.shoot'

'to.speak/ 'to.speak/ talk'talk'



(5) (5) NPM and Nominative Singular NPM and Nominative Singular vs Othervs Other

PersonPerson Nom.SgNom.Sg OtherOther

1Sg1Sg mm nn / / nʲnʲ; ; mm

2Sg2Sg tt / / tʲtʲ tt / / tʲtʲ

3Sg3Sg zozo / / zeze nzonzo / / nzenze

1Pl1Pl noknok / / neknek / / nʲeknʲek noknok / / neknek / / nʲeknʲek

2Pl2Pl nknk nknk

3Pl3Pl stst ststGrammar and Context -- Grammar and Context -- Helsinki 27-29.Aug. Helsinki 27-29.Aug. 20072007


(6) (6) Non-finites attested by Non-finites attested by GabelentzGabelentz: Obj: Obj

tärde+me+nzetärde+me+nze

to.inviteInfObj.3Sgto.inviteInfObj.3Sg

'to invite him/her/it‘'to invite him/her/it‘

valto+mo+nzovalto+mo+nzo

to.take.downInfObj.3Sgto.take.downInfObj.3Sg

'to take him/her/it down''to take him/her/it down'



(6) (6) Non-finites attested by Non-finites attested by GabelentzGabelentz: Ill and Ela: Ill and Ela

kulo+mo+zo+nzokulo+mo+zo+nzo

to.dieInfIllObl.3Sgto.dieInfIllObl.3Sg

'until he/she/it dies‘'until he/she/it dies‘

sa+m+sto+nzosa+m+sto+nzo

to.arriveInfElaObl.3Sgto.arriveInfElaObl.3Sg

'when he/she/it arrives''when he/she/it arrives'



(6) (6) Non-finites attested by Non-finites attested by GabelentzGabelentz: Abl: Abl

tschav+mo+do+nzotschav+mo+do+nzo

to.killInfAblObl.3Sgto.killInfAblObl.3Sg

'about his/her/its being killed; about him/her/it 'about his/her/its being killed; about him/her/it killing‘killing‘

mantsche+me+de+stmantsche+me+de+st

to.lureInfAbl3Plto.lureInfAbl3Pl

'about his/her/its being lured; about him/her/it 'about his/her/its being lured; about him/her/it luring'luring'



HypothesisHypothesis

NPM is not evidence of infinitivehood;NPM is not evidence of infinitivehood; Ablative use with non-finites does not Ablative use with non-finites does not

deviate much from that associated with deviate much from that associated with non-verbal nouns.non-verbal nouns.



MethodMethod

The nominative and ablative case forms The nominative and ablative case forms of the non-finite "of the non-finite "mm" will be examined " will be examined according to the criteria: according to the criteria:

deviation from noun-class case usagedeviation from noun-class case usage syntactic functionsyntactic function nominal person marking compatibility. nominal person marking compatibility.



TermsTerms

Infinitives (= arguments)Infinitives (= arguments) SubjectsSubjects ObjectsObjects Obligatory adverbs or adpositionsObligatory adverbs or adpositions

Converbs (= adjuncts)Converbs (= adjuncts) Free adverbsFree adverbs AdpositionsAdpositions ConjunctionsConjunctions

Compare (Ylikoski 2003)Compare (Ylikoski 2003)



(7) (7) ""mama / / momo" vs "" vs "momo / / meme" in " in Erzya and MokshaErzya and Moksha

InfinitiveInfinitive Erzya (myv)Erzya (myv) Moksha (mfd)Moksha (mfd)

Action NominalAction Nominal Object InfinitiveObject Infinitive Action NominalAction Nominal / / Object InfinitiveObject Infinitive

molmol ʲ̡emsems

'to.go''to.go'

molmol ʲ̡emaema molmol ʲ̡emeeme molmol ʲ̡emaema

jakamsjakams'to.visit''to.visit'

jakamojakamo jakamojakamo jakamajakama

andomsandoms'to.feed''to.feed'

andomaandoma andomoandomo andomaandoma



(8) Nominative with Possessor S (8) Nominative with Possessor S CorrelationCorrelation

Subject AgreementSubject Agreement Subject ComplementSubject Complement



(8) (8) (a) Subject Agreement(a) Subject Agreement

Alamo-s Alamo-s aʃtezʲ aʃtezʲ IvanIvanfor.a.while-Indet.Ill for.a.while-Indet.Ill to.stay.Conv to.stay.Conv Ivan.Indet.Nom.SgIvan.Indet.Nom.Sglis-sʲ lis-sʲ liʃme-tnenʲ liʃme-tnenʲ varʃta-mo.varʃta-mo.to.exit-Ind.PretI.3Sg horse-Pl.Det.Gento.exit-Ind.PretI.3Sg horse-Pl.Det.Gen to.take.a.look-to.take.a.look-

ObjInfObjInfKandra-nenʲ Kandra-nenʲ sova-mo-zo sova-mo-zo ezʲezʲKandra-Indet.DatKandra-Indet.Dat to.come.in-AN-Nom.Sg:3Sgto.come.in-AN-Nom.Sg:3Sg

NegVerb.Ind.PretI.3SgNegVerb.Ind.PretI.3Sgutʃo-vo utʃo-vo ---- matedev-sʲ.matedev-sʲ.to.wait-Telic.Pass.Connegto.wait-Telic.Pass.Conneg to.fall.asleep-Ind.PretI.3Sgto.fall.asleep-Ind.PretI.3Sg (Abramov 1987: 291) 'After sitting a little while, Ivan went (Abramov 1987: 291) 'After sitting a little while, Ivan went

out to look at the horses. Kandra waited for Ivan, but fell out to look at the horses. Kandra waited for Ivan, but fell asleep before he came in.'asleep before he came in.'



(8)(8) (b) Subject Complement (b) Subject Complement

Sonze Sonze sʲupavtʃi-ze sʲupavtʃi-ze,, tʲetʲe -- --Pron.3sg:Gen.NPM.3Sg wealth-Nom.Sg:NPM.3Sg Pron.3sg:Gen.NPM.3Sg wealth-Nom.Sg:NPM.3Sg

this.Indet.Nom.Sgthis.Indet.Nom.SgNuja-nʲ Nuja-nʲ vetʃk-e-ma-zo vetʃk-e-ma-zo dɨdɨNuya-Indet.Gen Nuya-Indet.Gen to.love-LV-AN-Nom.Sg:NPM.3Sg to.love-LV-AN-Nom.Sg:NPM.3Sg andandtʲetʲa-nzo tʲetʲa-nzo sa-mo-nʲtʲenʲ sa-mo-nʲtʲenʲ Suraj-e-nʲSuraj-e-nʲfather-Gen.NPM.3Sg to.arrive-AN-Det.Sg.Dat Suray-LV-father-Gen.NPM.3Sg to.arrive-AN-Det.Sg.Dat Suray-LV-

Indet.GenIndet.Genketʲsʲa-mo-zoketʲsʲa-mo-zo..to.become.happy-AN-Nom.Sg:NPM.3Sgto.become.happy-AN-Nom.Sg:NPM.3Sg..

(Bryzhinski 1983: 57) 'His wealth was Nuya's love and (Bryzhinski 1983: 57) 'His wealth was Nuya's love and Suray's elations with his father's arrival.'Suray's elations with his father's arrival.'



(9) (9) Nominative with Possessor P Nominative with Possessor P CorrelationCorrelation

Subject AgreementSubject Agreement Subject ComplementSubject Complement



(9) (9) (a) Subject Agreement(a) Subject Agreement

tʃentʲazʲ tʃentʲazʲ tʃotʃko-sʲ tʃotʃko-sʲ pekpekto.scorch.Conv log-Det.Nom.Sgto.scorch.Conv log-Det.Nom.Sg veryverykuvatʲ-s kuvatʲ-s a a naksad-ɨnaksad-ɨlong.time-Indet.Ill Neg.Part long.time-Indet.Ill Neg.Part to.rot-Ind.Pres.3Sgto.rot-Ind.Pres.3Sgdɨ dɨ kirvazʲtʲ-e-ma-zo-jak kirvazʲtʲ-e-ma-zo-jak -- butʲi-- butʲiand and to.ignite-LV-AN-Nom.Sg:3Sg-Clitic to.ignite-LV-AN-Nom.Sg:3Sg-Clitic ififTʲe savolʲTʲe savolʲ kinʲgakkinʲgakthis to.need.to.Conj.3Sgthis to.need.to.Conj.3Sg somebody.Indet.Gensomebody.Indet.Genprʲa-s – prʲa-s – pek pek stakastakahead-Ind.Illhead-Ind.Ill veryvery difficult.Indet.Nom.Sgdifficult.Indet.Nom.Sg(Bryzhinski Kirdazht:) 'a scorched log will not rot for a long time (Bryzhinski Kirdazht:) 'a scorched log will not rot for a long time

and even lighting it, if it should occur to someone, is quite and even lighting it, if it should occur to someone, is quite difficult.'difficult.'



(9) (9) (b) Subject Complement(b) Subject Complement

KiʃkKiʃk ! ! sova-sʲ sova-sʲ Ivan IvanIdeophone Ideophone to.enter-Ind.PretI.3Sg to.enter-Ind.PretI.3Sg Ivan.Indet.Nom.SgIvan.Indet.Nom.Sggorʲnʲitʲsʲa-z-o-nzogorʲnʲitʲsʲa-z-o-nzo, , dɨ tʲekedɨ tʲekeroom-Ill-LV-Obl:NPM.3Sg and suchroom-Ill-LV-Obl:NPM.3Sg and suchnʲej-e-ma-zo nʲej-e-ma-zo ulʲnʲe-sʲ ulʲnʲe-sʲ..to.see-LV-AN-Nom.Sg:NPM.3Sg to.be-Ind.PretI.3Sgto.see-LV-AN-Nom.Sg:NPM.3Sg to.be-Ind.PretI.3Sg(Kutorkin 1997: 85) 'With a creak Ivan went in to his room, (Kutorkin 1997: 85) 'With a creak Ivan went in to his room,

and that was what they saw of him.'and that was what they saw of him.'



(10) (10) Nom with NPM A CorrelationNom with NPM A Correlation vs vs Possessor SaliencyPossessor Saliency

Tʲeke pidʲsʲ-itʲsʲa Tʲeke pidʲsʲ-itʲsʲa tol-o-nʲtʲ tol-o-nʲtʲlike to.sting-Part fire-LV-Gen.Sg.Detlike to.sting-Part fire-LV-Gen.Sg.Detmarto kajsʲ marto kajsʲ prʲanʲprʲanʲwith to.grow.Ind.PretI.3Sg with to.grow.Ind.PretI.3Sg head/self-Ind.Genhead/self-Ind.Genʃna-mo-zoʃna-mo-zo,,to.brag-AN-Nom.Sg:3Sgto.brag-AN-Nom.Sg:3Sgkajsʲ kajsʲ kaʃtantʃi-ze-jak. kaʃtantʃi-ze-jak.to.grow.Ind.PretI.3Sg haughtiness-Nom.Sg:3Sg-Cliticto.grow.Ind.PretI.3Sg haughtiness-Nom.Sg:3Sg-Clitic(Raptanov 1985: 114) 'His bragging grew like a scorching (Raptanov 1985: 114) 'His bragging grew like a scorching

fire, and so did his haughtiness.'fire, and so did his haughtiness.'



(12) (12) Non-finite ablative arguments, Non-finite ablative arguments, (Uchkina 1975: 81-83)(Uchkina 1975: 81-83)

Moksha "Moksha "atkazamsatkazams" " 'to.refuse/to.abnegate' with an Erzya 'to.refuse/to.abnegate' with an Erzya cognate in "cognate in "otkazamsotkazams""

""lotkamslotkams" 'to.stop/to.cease'" 'to.stop/to.cease' ""merʲemsmerʲems" 'to.say/to.speak'" 'to.say/to.speak' ""pelʲemspelʲems" 'to.be.afraid'" 'to.be.afraid' ""vizʲdʲemsvizʲdʲems" 'to.be.shy'" 'to.be.shy'



Ablative functionsAblative functions

SeparationSeparation Object of DiscourseObject of Discourse Object Manipulation Point (OMP)Object Manipulation Point (OMP) CauseCause



(13) (a) Separation(13) (a) Separation

javo-ms javo-ms tʲetʲa-dotʲetʲa-do

to.separate-Inf.Ill to.separate-Inf.Ill father-Indet.Ablfather-Indet.Abl'to 'to separate from [one's] father‘separate from [one's] father‘

tʲetʲa-do tʲetʲa-do baʃkabaʃka

father-Indet.Abl father-Indet.Abl besides/in.addition.tobesides/in.addition.to

'besides [the] father''besides [the] father'



(13) (13) (b) "(b) "otkazamsotkazams" with Ablative " with Ablative Non-verbal NounsNon-verbal Nouns

Jalga-do-nzoJalga-do-nzo- - oja-do-nzo oja-do-nzo sonson

companion-Abl-3Sg close.friend-Abl-3Sg companion-Abl-3Sg close.friend-Abl-3Sg Pron.3Sg.Nom.SgPron.3Sg.Nom.Sg

uʃ uʃ umok otkaza-sʲ umok otkaza-sʲ

already a.long.time.ago to.abandon/refuse-already a.long.time.ago to.abandon/refuse-Ind.PretI.3SgInd.PretI.3Sg

(Dunyashin 1930: 21) 'He had long since (Dunyashin 1930: 21) 'He had long since denied himself of friends and companions.'denied himself of friends and companions.'



(13) (13) (c) "(c) "otkazamsotkazams" with Ablative " with Ablative Non-finiteNon-finite

Olodʲa-jak otkaza-sʲ tejOlodʲa-jak otkaza-sʲ tej

Olodya-Clitic to.refuse-Ind.PretI.3Sg Olodya-Clitic to.refuse-Ind.PretI.3Sg hither.Lathither.Lat

sa-mo-dosa-mo-do

to.arrive-AN-Inde.Ablto.arrive-AN-Inde.Abl

(Bryzhinsky, A 1994: 219) 'Even Olodya (Bryzhinsky, A 1994: 219) 'Even Olodya refused to come here.'refused to come here.'



(14(14) ) Ablative and "Ablative and "lotkamslotkams""

Isaj Isaj lotka-sʲ lotka-sʲ jovks-o-nʲ jovks-o-nʲ

Isay.Indet.Nom.Sg to.stop-Ind.PretI.3Sg story-LV-Isay.Indet.Nom.Sg to.stop-Ind.PretI.3Sg story-LV-Indet.GenIndet.Gen

jovtne-ma-do jovtne-ma-do dɨdɨ toʒo toʒo

to.tell-AN-Indet.Abl to.tell-AN-Indet.Abl and also and also

nuzʲalgad-sʲ.nuzʲalgad-sʲ.

to.not.feel.like-Ind.PretI.3Sgto.not.feel.like-Ind.PretI.3Sg

(Kutorkin 1969: 114) 'Isay stopped telling stories, (Kutorkin 1969: 114) 'Isay stopped telling stories, and also became placid'and also became placid'



(15(15) ) Determinate Ablative with Determinate Ablative with ""lotkamslotkams""

Marʲ-at, atʲakʃ-ke-m? Lotka-kMarʲ-at, atʲakʃ-ke-m? Lotka-kto.hear-Ind.Pres.2Sg rooster-Dim-Nom.Sg:1Sg to.stop-to.hear-Ind.Pres.2Sg rooster-Dim-Nom.Sg:1Sg to.stop-

Imp.2SgImp.2Sgkorno-mo-do-nʲtʲkorno-mo-do-nʲtʲ, , tʲeke esʲ-e-tʲtʲeke esʲ-e-tʲto.snore-AN-Abl-Def.Sg to.snore-AN-Abl-Def.Sg as.if own-LV-2Sgas.if own-LV-2Sgdʲizʲelʲ-e-sʲ zerʲnʲ-i, -- titsmadʲ-izedʲizʲelʲ-e-sʲ zerʲnʲ-i, -- titsmadʲ-izediesel-LV-Def.Nom.Sg diesel-LV-Def.Nom.Sg to.roar-Ind.Pres.3Sg to.poke-to.roar-Ind.Pres.3Sg to.poke-

Ind.PretI.33Ind.PretI.33mokʃna-so kutʲmerʲ-s mirʲdʲe-nʲtʲ.mokʃna-so kutʲmerʲ-s mirʲdʲe-nʲtʲ.fist-Indet.Ine back-Indet.Ill husband-Gen.Det.Sgfist-Indet.Ine back-Indet.Ill husband-Gen.Det.Sg(Motorkin 1997: 136) 'Do you hear me, my little rooster? (Motorkin 1997: 136) 'Do you hear me, my little rooster?

Stop that snoring, like your own diesel were roaring, -- Stop that snoring, like your own diesel were roaring, -- she poked her husband in the back with her fist.'she poked her husband in the back with her fist.'



(16(16) ) Object of discussionObject of discussion

korta-ms korta-ms vojna-dovojna-do

to.talk-Inf.Ill to.talk-Inf.Ill war-Indet.Ablwar-Indet.Abl

‘‘(Bubrikh 1947: §7: 5) to talk about a/the (Bubrikh 1947: §7: 5) to talk about a/the war'war'



(17(17) ) Obj of Disc. and "Obj of Disc. and "merʲemsmerʲems""Tinʲ, virʲ-e-nʲ Tinʲ, virʲ-e-nʲ usk-o-ma-do-nʲtʲusk-o-ma-do-nʲtʲPron.2Pl.Indet.Nom.Sg forest/timber-LV-Indet.Gen Pron.2Pl.Indet.Nom.Sg forest/timber-LV-Indet.Gen to.haul-LV-AN-to.haul-LV-AN-

Abl-Det.SgAbl-Det.Sga merʲ-itʲsʲa-t, varʃta-do-jaa merʲ-itʲsʲa-t, varʃta-do-jaNeg.Part to.command-Pres.Act.Part-Indet.Nom.Pl to.take.a.look-Neg.Part to.command-Pres.Act.Part-Indet.Nom.Pl to.take.a.look-

Imp.2Pl-CliticImp.2Pl-Cliticxotʲ vesʲtʲ Pojinʲdʲerʲ pando-nʲtʲ alo-v— xotʲ vesʲtʲ Pojinʲdʲerʲ pando-nʲtʲ alo-v— even once Poyinder.Indet.Nom.Sg hill-Gen.Det.Sg under-Lateven once Poyinder.Indet.Nom.Sg hill-Gen.Det.Sg under-Latzʲnʲaro toso ʃotʃk-t aʃtʲ-itʲzʲnʲaro toso ʃotʃk-t aʃtʲ-itʲso.many there.Indet.Ine log-Indet.Nom.Pl to.be.situated-so.many there.Indet.Ine log-Indet.Nom.Pl to.be.situated-

Ind.Pres.3PlInd.Pres.3Plkajsʲe-zʲ.kajsʲe-zʲ.to.strew-Convto.strew-Conv

(Kutorkin 1976: 347) 'You people who don't allow timber to be hauled, you could take a (Kutorkin 1976: 347) 'You people who don't allow timber to be hauled, you could take a look once at the bottom of Poyinder hill -- look how many logs have be dumped look once at the bottom of Poyinder hill -- look how many logs have be dumped there.'there.'



(18(18) ) Object Manipulation Point Object Manipulation Point (OMP)(OMP)

kunda-ms numolo kunda-ms numolo

to.catch-Inf.Ill hare.Indet.Nom.Sgto.catch-Inf.Ill hare.Indet.Nom.Sg

pilʲe-dʲepilʲe-dʲe

ear-Indet.Ablear-Indet.Abl

‘‘(Bubrikh 1947: §7: 5) to catch a/the hare by (Bubrikh 1947: §7: 5) to catch a/the hare by the ears'the ears'



(19(19) ) Object Affection Point (OAP)Object Affection Point (OAP)

kutʃkordo-ms ki-nʲ-gakkutʃkordo-ms ki-nʲ-gak

to.kick-Inf.Ill someone-Indet.Gen-Cliticto.kick-Inf.Ill someone-Indet.Gen-Clitic

kumaʒa-s kumaʒa-s

knee-Ill.Indetknee-Ill.Indet

(own data) 'to kick someone in the knee.'(own data) 'to kick someone in the knee.'



(20(20) ) Abl Adverb/Adposition with Abl Adverb/Adposition with 'marʲavoms''marʲavoms'

Butʲi kortazʲev-at, aButʲi kortazʲev-at, aIf to.start.in.talking-Ind.Pres.2Sg Neg.PartIf to.start.in.talking-Ind.Pres.2Sg Neg.Partmarʲav-I sʲeste kudo-vmarʲav-I sʲeste kudo-vto.be.heard-Ind.Pres.3Sg at.that.time house/home-to.be.heard-Ind.Pres.3Sg at.that.time house/home-

Lat.IndetLat.Indetsova-mo-do sova-mo-do pokʃ lomanʲpokʃ lomanʲto.enter-AN-Abl.Indet to.enter-AN-Abl.Indet big person.Nom.Sg.Indet big person.Nom.Sg.Indet

(Kutorkin 1969: 42) 'If you start in talking, you (Kutorkin 1969: 42) 'If you start in talking, you won't hear a big person coming into the won't hear a big person coming into the house/home'house/home'



(21(21) ) CauseCause

puʃka-nʲ puʃka-nʲ vajgelʲ-dʲe vajgelʲ-dʲe pilʲe-nʲpilʲe-nʲ

canon-Indet.Gen canon-Indet.Gen sound-Indet.Abl sound-Indet.Abl ear-ear-Indet.Nom.Pl:1SgIndet.Nom.Pl:1Sg

a marʲ-itʲa marʲ-itʲ

Neg.Part to.hear-Ind.Pres.3PlNeg.Part to.hear-Ind.Pres.3Pl

(Bubrikh 1947: §7: 5) 'My ears don't hear (Bubrikh 1947: §7: 5) 'My ears don't hear because of the canon fire.'because of the canon fire.'



(22(22) ) Ablative and "Ablative and "pelʲemspelʲems" " 'to.be.afraid''to.be.afraid'

Joʒo-zo isʲtʲamo, prokJoʒo-zo isʲtʲamo, prokfeeling-Nom.Sg:3Sg such.Nom.Sg.Indet as iffeeling-Nom.Sg:3Sg such.Nom.Sg.Indet as ifbilʲet-teme ard-sʲ pojezd-sebilʲet-teme ard-sʲ pojezd-seticket-Abe.Indet to.ride-Ind.PretI.3Sg train-Ine.Indetticket-Abe.Indet to.ride-Ind.PretI.3Sg train-Ine.Indetdɨdɨ pek pelʲ-sʲ pek pelʲ-sʲand very to.be.afraid-Ind.PretI.3Sgand very to.be.afraid-Ind.PretI.3Sgrʲevizor-dorʲevizor-doticket.checker-Abl.Indetticket.checker-Abl.Indet(Platonov 1975: 140) 'He felt like someone who was (Platonov 1975: 140) 'He felt like someone who was

riding a train without a ticket and was really scared riding a train without a ticket and was really scared of a ticket checker.'of a ticket checker.'Grammar and Context -- Grammar and Context --

Helsinki 27-29.Aug. Helsinki 27-29.Aug. 20072007


Ablative/Cause verbsAblative/Cause verbs

""pelems + Ablpelems + Abl" 'to.be.afraid + of‘" 'to.be.afraid + of‘ ""vizʲdʲems + Ablvizʲdʲems + Abl" 'to.be.shy + of‘" 'to.be.shy + of‘ ""nuzʲaldoms + Ablnuzʲaldoms + Abl" 'to.not.feel.like smth.‘" 'to.not.feel.like smth.‘ ""nulgodʲems + Abl nulgodʲems + Abl 'to.feel.repulsed + by' 'to.feel.repulsed + by'



(23) (23) ""pelʲemspelʲems" and "" and "mama / / momo" " IntransitiveIntransitive

...nʲej-gak pelʲ-sʲ uʃo-v...nʲej-gak pelʲ-sʲ uʃo-v

now-Clitic to.be.afraid-Ind.PretI.3Sg outside-now-Clitic to.be.afraid-Ind.PretI.3Sg outside-Lat.IndetLat.Indet

lʲisʲ-e-ma-nzolʲisʲ-e-ma-nzo

to.go/come.out-LV-AN-Obl:3Sgto.go/come.out-LV-AN-Obl:3Sg

(Abramov 1971: 319) '... even now he was afraid (Abramov 1971: 319) '... even now he was afraid to go outside.'to go outside.'



(24) (24) ""nuzʲaldomsnuzʲaldoms" and "" and "mama / / momo" " IntransitiveIntransitive

Sʲtʲopa-nʲ sa-sʲ sʲim-e-ma-zo,Sʲtʲopa-nʲ sa-sʲ sʲim-e-ma-zo,Styopa-Indet.Gen to.arrive-Ind.PretI.3Sg Styopa-Indet.Gen to.arrive-Ind.PretI.3Sg

to.drink-LV-AN-Nom.Sg:3Sgto.drink-LV-AN-Nom.Sg:3Sgvalg-o-ma-nʲtʲ valg-o-ma-nʲtʲ nuzʲald-ɨnuzʲald-ɨ to.go.down-LV-AN-Gen.Det.Sg to.go.down-LV-AN-Gen.Det.Sg

to.not.feel.like-Ind.Pres.3Sgto.not.feel.like-Ind.Pres.3Sg

(Abramov 1973: 24) 'Styopa got thirsty, but (Abramov 1973: 24) 'Styopa got thirsty, but he didn't feel like climbing down.'he didn't feel like climbing down.'



(25) (a) (25) (a) ""pelʲemspelʲems" and "" and "mama / / momo" " TransitiveTransitive

Olda umok uʃ javavt-izʲeOlda umok uʃ javavt-izʲeOlda.Indet.Nom.Sg much.earlier already to.bring.to. Olda.Indet.Nom.Sg much.earlier already to.bring.to.

proper.temperature-Ind.PretI.33 proper.temperature-Ind.PretI.33 kudo-nʲtʲ, pilʲge sur velʲdʲe kudo-nʲtʲ, pilʲge sur velʲdʲe house/home-Gen.Det.Sg toe.Indet.Nom.Sg by.means.ofhouse/home-Gen.Det.Sg toe.Indet.Nom.Sg by.means.ofjaka-sʲ, pelʲ-sʲ Karpa-nʲjaka-sʲ, pelʲ-sʲ Karpa-nʲto.walk-Ind.PretI.3Sg to.fear-Ind.PretI.3Sg Karpa-to.walk-Ind.PretI.3Sg to.fear-Ind.PretI.3Sg Karpa-

Indet.Gen.Indet.Gen.sʲtʲavt-o-ma-nzo.sʲtʲavt-o-ma-nzo. to.get.up.vt-LV-AN-Obl:3Sgto.get.up.vt-LV-AN-Obl:3Sg(Chesnokov 1932: 65) 'Olda had long since warmed up the (Chesnokov 1932: 65) 'Olda had long since warmed up the

house, she was walking on tip-toe, and afraid she would house, she was walking on tip-toe, and afraid she would wake Karpa.'wake Karpa.'



(25) (b) (25) (b) ""pelʲemspelʲems" and "" and "mama / / momo" " TransitiveTransitive

... sur lang-so jaka-sʲ, ... sur lang-so jaka-sʲ,

digit/finger.Indet.Nom.Sg on.Adp-Indet.Ine to.walk-digit/finger.Indet.Nom.Sg on.Adp-Indet.Ine to.walk-Ind.PretI.3SgInd.PretI.3Sg

pelʲ-sʲ Karpa-nʲ pelʲ-sʲ Karpa-nʲ sʲtʲavt-o-mo-nzo. sʲtʲavt-o-mo-nzo.

to.fear-Ind.PretI.3Sg Karpa-Indet.Gen. to.fear-Ind.PretI.3Sg Karpa-Indet.Gen. to.get.up. to.get.up. vt-LV-Obj.Inf-Obl:3Sgvt-LV-Obj.Inf-Obl:3Sg

(Chesnokov 1974: 67) 'identical'(Chesnokov 1974: 67) 'identical'



(26) (26) Ablative with NPM Ablative with NPM Intransitive vs TransitiveIntransitive vs Transitive

PersonPerson IntransitiveIntransitive TransitiveTransitive

1Sg1Sg 3535 1010

2Sg2Sg 3131 88

3Sg3Sg 136136 6767

1Pl1Pl 1010 n.a.n.a.

2Pl2Pl 44 n.a.n.a.

3Pl3Pl 5858 3333Grammar and Context -- Grammar and Context -- Helsinki 27-29.Aug. Helsinki 27-29.Aug. 20072007


(27) (a) (27) (a) Ablative with NPM S/AAblative with NPM S/AObj of Obj of comparisocomparisonn

SeparationSeparation CauseCause Obj of DiscObj of Disc Clause Clause AdvAdv

1Sg1Sg 1717 11 77 88 22

2Sg2Sg 1212 n.a.n.a. 33 1616 n.a.n.a.

3Sg3Sg 7878 55 1212 2929 11

1Pl1Pl 88 n.a.n.a. 11 11 n.a.n.a.

2Pl2Pl 33 n.An.A n.a.n.a. 11 n.a.n.a.

3Pl3Pl 3232 44 1111 66 11

TotalTotal 150150 1010 3434 6161 44Grammar and Context -- Grammar and Context -- Helsinki 27-29.Aug. Helsinki 27-29.Aug. 20072007


(27) (b) (27) (b) Ablative with NPM PAblative with NPM P

Obj of Obj of comparisocomparisonn

CauseCause Obj of DiscObj of Disc OMPOMP Clause Clause Adv/ Adv/ SeparationSeparation

1Sg1Sg 22 n.a.n.a. 33 44 n.a.n.a.

2Sg2Sg 11 n.a.n.a. 44 33 n.a.n.a.

3Sg3Sg 4545 11 2020 33 n.a.n.a.

1Pl1Pl n.a.n.a. n.a.n.a. n.a.n.a. n.a.n.a. n.a.n.a.

2Pl2Pl n.a.n.a. n.An.A n.a.n.a. n.a.n.a. n.a.n.a.

3Pl3Pl 1616 22 1212 22 n.a.n.a.

TotalTotal 6464 33 3939 1212 n.a.n.a.Grammar and Context -- Grammar and Context -- Helsinki 27-29.Aug. Helsinki 27-29.Aug. 20072007


In ConclusionIn Conclusion S/A and P correlation with nominal person marking on non-finites in "S/A and P correlation with nominal person marking on non-finites in "mm" "

cannot be used for distinguishing infinitives from other syntactic cannot be used for distinguishing infinitives from other syntactic elements.elements.

NPM correlation with S and P is primarily associated with the division NPM correlation with S and P is primarily associated with the division intransitive versus transitiveintransitive versus transitive

Erzya has a NPM strategy involving S to intransitive and P to transitive Erzya has a NPM strategy involving S to intransitive and P to transitive affinity, but the presence of full noun correlating to the referent of P in affinity, but the presence of full noun correlating to the referent of P in transitives also opens NPM to anphoric/discourse use.transitives also opens NPM to anphoric/discourse use.

Determinate marking nearly specific to the noun class can be used to Determinate marking nearly specific to the noun class can be used to establish strong links between non-verbal noun and non-finite behavior, establish strong links between non-verbal noun and non-finite behavior, although this is not an absolute criterionalthough this is not an absolute criterion

Ablative form non-finites are used as both arguments and adjuncts, but Ablative form non-finites are used as both arguments and adjuncts, but there are no morphologic or syntactic reasons for distinguishing them there are no morphologic or syntactic reasons for distinguishing them from action nominals.from action nominals.

S indicated by verbal person marking in the matrix verb is not attested to S indicated by verbal person marking in the matrix verb is not attested to have correlate nominal person marking in the non-finite of the same have correlate nominal person marking in the non-finite of the same predicative.predicative.



LiteratureLiteratureAdushkina 2000 = Адушкина, Н. С. 2000:Adushkina 2000 = Адушкина, Н. С. 2000:

Азорксчинь категориясь, Азорксчинь невтиця суффикстнэнь тевс нолдамост, Азорксчинь категориясь, Азорксчинь невтиця суффикстнэнь тевс нолдамост, Азорксчинь категориянть невтемань китне-янтнэ, Азорксчинь полавтнемасонть Азорксчинь категориянть невтемань китне-янтнэ, Азорксчинь полавтнемасонть падеженть лувось.падеженть лувось. 89—102 89—102

Эрзянь кель. Морфемика, валонь теевема ды мофология:Эрзянь кель. Морфемика, валонь теевема ды мофология:Вузонь энзянь ды финнэнь ожделениянь тонавтницятнень туртовВузонь энзянь ды финнэнь ожделениянь тонавтницятнень туртов/Редколлегиясь: Д.В. Цыганкин (отв. ред., Н. А. Агафонова, М. Д. Имайкина ды лият./Редколлегиясь: Д.В. Цыганкин (отв. ред., Н. А. Агафонова, М. Д. Имайкина ды лият.― ― Саранск: Тип. «Крас. Окт.». 2000. ― 280 с. ― Мордов.-эрзя яз.Саранск: Тип. «Крас. Окт.». 2000. ― 280 с. ― Мордов.-эрзя яз.

Bartens, Raija 1979:Bartens, Raija 1979:Mordvan, tšeremissin ja votjakin konjugaation infiniittisten muotojen syntaksi.Mordvan, tšeremissin ja votjakin konjugaation infiniittisten muotojen syntaksi. Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 170, Helsinki, 1979. Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 170, Helsinki, 1979.

Bartens, Raija 1999:Bartens, Raija 1999:Mordvalaiskielten rakenne ja kehitys.Mordvalaiskielten rakenne ja kehitys. Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 232, Helsinki, 1999. Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 232, Helsinki, 1999.

BubrikhBubrikh 1947: Бубрих, Д. В. 1947: 1947: Бубрих, Д. В. 1947:Эрзя.мордовская грамматика - минимум (Пособие для вузов).Эрзя.мордовская грамматика - минимум (Пособие для вузов).Саранск. 51.Саранск. 51.

EKMEKM 2000 = Эрзянь кель. Морфемика, валонь теевема ды мофология: 2000 = Эрзянь кель. Морфемика, валонь теевема ды мофология:Вузонь энзянь ды финнэнь ожделениянь тонавтницятнень туртовВузонь энзянь ды финнэнь ожделениянь тонавтницятнень туртов/Редколлегиясь: Д.В. Цыганкин (отв. ред., Н. А. Агафонова, М. Д. Имайкина ды лият./Редколлегиясь: Д.В. Цыганкин (отв. ред., Н. А. Агафонова, М. Д. Имайкина ды лият.― ― Саранск: Тип. «Крас. Окт.». 2000. ― 280 с. ― Мордов.-эрзя яз.Саранск: Тип. «Крас. Окт.». 2000. ― 280 с. ― Мордов.-эрзя яз.



LiteratureLiteratureGabelentz, Herr Conon von der 1838: Gabelentz, Herr Conon von der 1838: Versuch einer Mordwinischen Grammatik.Versuch einer Mordwinischen Grammatik.

Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes. II. 2—3. Göttingen. 235—284, 383—419.Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes. II. 2—3. Göttingen. 235—284, 383—419.Keresztes, Lázló 1990: Keresztes, Lázló 1990: Chrestomathia Morduinica.Chrestomathia Morduinica.

Tankönyvkiadó. Budapest.Tankönyvkiadó. Budapest.Paasonen, Heikki 1909/1953: Hilfmittle für das studium der finnisch-ugrischen sprachen IV.Paasonen, Heikki 1909/1953: Hilfmittle für das studium der finnisch-ugrischen sprachen IV.

Mordwinische Chrestomathie mit Glossar und grammatikalischem Abriss.Mordwinische Chrestomathie mit Glossar und grammatikalischem Abriss.Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, Turku 1953Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, Turku 1953

Saukkonen, Pauli 1964: Saukkonen, Pauli 1964: Die Verwendung des nominativischen und illativischen Infinitivs im Die Verwendung des nominativischen und illativischen Infinitivs im Mordwinischen.Mordwinischen.FUF XXXV. 88—115 Helsinki.FUF XXXV. 88—115 Helsinki.

Trosterud, Trond 1994: Trosterud, Trond 1994: Miksi mordvan objektikonjugaatio näyttää juuri sellaiselta kuin se näyttää? Miksi mordvan objektikonjugaatio näyttää juuri sellaiselta kuin se näyttää? Volgalaiskielet muutoksessa. Volgalaiskielten symposiumi Turussa 1. -- 2.9.1993Volgalaiskielet muutoksessa. Volgalaiskielten symposiumi Turussa 1. -- 2.9.1993Turun yliopiston suomalaisen ja yleisen kielitieteen laitoksen julkaisuja, 45, Turku. Turun yliopiston suomalaisen ja yleisen kielitieteen laitoksen julkaisuja, 45, Turku. 1994. pp1994. pp74—86. 74—86.

Trosterud, Trond 2006: Trosterud, Trond 2006: Homonymy in the Uralic Two-Argument Agreement Paradigms. Homonymy in the Uralic Two-Argument Agreement Paradigms.Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 251, Helsinki, 2006. Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 251, Helsinki, 2006. TsypkaykinaTsypkaykina 2000 = Цыпкайкина, В. П. 2000: 2000 = Цыпкайкина, В. П. 2000: ГлаголосьГлаголось 146—216 146—216Эрзянь кель. Морфемика, валонь теевема ды мофология:Эрзянь кель. Морфемика, валонь теевема ды мофология:Вузонь энзянь ды финнэнь ожделениянь тонавтницятнень туртовВузонь энзянь ды финнэнь ожделениянь тонавтницятнень туртов/Редколлегиясь: Д.В. Цыганкин (отв. ред., Н. А. Агафонова, М. Д. Имайкина ды лият./Редколлегиясь: Д.В. Цыганкин (отв. ред., Н. А. Агафонова, М. Д. Имайкина ды лият.― ― Саранск: Тип. «Крас. Окт.». 2000. ― 280 с. ― Мордов.-эрзя яз.Саранск: Тип. «Крас. Окт.». 2000. ― 280 с. ― Мордов.-эрзя яз.



LiteratureLiteratureUchkina 1975 = Учкина, В.И. 1975:Uchkina 1975 = Учкина, В.И. 1975:

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on non-finite forms in "m" and possessor agreement marking in erzya: nominative and...

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