DEC~ FIE COPYNaval Ocean Research and Development'ActivityAugust 1989 Report 2,14

Concept Definition: AN/SQQ-89 On-Board TrainerScenario-Generation Software

DTICft r EL ECTE Mft

JUN"081990',Uv

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George J. Moss, Jr.Ocean Technology DivisionOcean Acoustics and Technology Directorate

Approved for public release; distribution Is unlimited. Naval Ocean Ro'searoh and Development Activity, Stennis Space Center,Mississippi 39529-6004.

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Foreword

This report describes a variety of software concepts developed by the NavalOcean Research and Development Activity*. These computer-aided conceptsshould alleviate the labor-intensive operation when training scenaios for theAN/SQQ-89(V)-TO On-Board Trainer are generated and modifle4,

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W. B. Moseley J. B. Tupaz, Captain, USNTechnical Director Commanding Officer

*Now the Naval Ocaogaplic and Atmnosprie Research I.Aboratory (NOARL).

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Executive Summary

The AN/SQQ-89(V)-T0 On-Board Trainer provides an at-sca training envi-ronment for sensor operators, ship teams, and ship/air teams by stimulatingvarious sensors on surface ASW ships. Training sessions are controlled byscenario files, which specify the motions and the acoustic/electromagneticemission parameters of simulated ships, submarines, and aircraft, as well asrelated medium propagation characteristics. Creating and modifying these scenariofiles is a labor-intensive operation. A variety of software concepts for computer-aided generation of training scenarios have been defined. A geometrictransformation program permits the geometry of a scenario to be modified tosupport battle group training, to accommodate changes in sonar conditions,to optimize ship time and fuel usage, or simply to produce variety. A macro-compiler permits rapid assembly of a scenario from archived segments. A moreadvanced automatic macrocompiler permits the simulated targets and ownship tointeract with each other according to user-defined functions during scenariocompilation time. A reactive target emulator causes the simulated targets to reactto each other and ownship in real time, thereby providing an interactive trainingenvironment.

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Acknowledgments

The author is indebted to James Lennox of the TASC and to Elizabeth Powersof Planning Systems, Inc., who designed and coded the Scenario TransformProgram. Douglas Clark of Analysis and Technology, Inc., and Mark Raphanelliand Buzz Canmpo of Raytheon Submarine Signal Division provided essentialassistance by answering a variety of detailed questions about the On-BoardTraincr scenario syntax. The effort was supported by the Naval Sea SystemsCommand, Surface Ship ASW Combat Systems Program Office (PMS411),Program Element 25620N. The author is especially indebted to J. H. Hammond,the NAVSEA Project Engineer, amd to David Pope, recently retired fromNAVSEA, for their guidance, suggestions, and encouragement during theinvestigation.

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Contents

1.0 Introduction

2.0 Background 12.1 Description of the On-Board Trainer I

S2.2 OBT Scenario Editing Facility Limitations 1

3.0 Planned Software Capabilities 13.1 Functional Capabilities 23,2 Applications and Examples 3

* 3.3 System Stiucture 5

4.0 Detailed Functional Descriptions 54,1 Scenario Transform Program 54.2 Scenario Macrocompilcr 6

5 5.0 Summary and Recommendations 7

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Concept Definition: AN/SQQ-89 On-Board TrainerScenario-Generation Software

S1.0 Introduction the shipboard AN/SLQ-32 and the helicopter

This document describes a concept for software AN/ALQ-142 ESM sensors. This gives the equipment

supporting off-line generation of scenarios for the operators and combat teams practice in detecting,

AN/SQQ- 89(V)-To On-Board Trainer (OBT). classifying, and reacting to electromagnetic threats,

* The OBT and its scenario editing function are briefly such as the tracking radars on hostile aircraft and their

described in Section 2. Section 3 outlines software missiles.

concepts for simplifyingthe scenario generation process The traini::g process is contrllcd by an instructor's

and making it less labor intensive, The functional console. The instructor, however, relics heavily on pre-

capabilities of the software are described in Section 3,1, programmed scenario files, which specify the ocean

and the software's utilization and application are environment, the passive and active acoustic character-

• discussed in Section 3.2. Section 4 provides addi- istics of up to 10 ASW targets, the characteristics of the

tional detail on the coordinate transformation and electromagnetic emitters on up to 100 ESM targets, and

scenario mcrging software products. A brief summary the initial positions and maneuvers of all targets. The

is presented in Section 5. scenario file is created and edited on the instructor'sconsole, and is stored offline on a computer disk.

2.0 Background 2.2 OBT Scenario Editing Facility Limitations

2.1 Description of the OBT Scenario editing on the OBT instructor's console is

The AN/SQQ-89(V)-T0 OBT, which is currently in accomplished one subevent at a time. Forexample, each

production at Raytheon Submarine Signal Division, change of a target's speed, course, altitude, or depth is

* provides an on-board training environment for specified separately. Therefore, the manual generationantisubmarine warfare (ASW) sonar operators, and inodificationofscenarios isatedious, labor-intensive

electronic support measures (ESM) operators, ship process.combat teams, and ship/air combat. teams. It provides Frequently, desired modifications to scenarios can

this training environment by stimulating the combat be defined in terms of high-level concepts, such as

equipment, causing it to respond to simulated targets, geometric transformations to target tracks, the addition* the motions and characteristics of which are specified in of predefined maneuvers to the tactics of the targets, or

a scenario file. For ASW training, inverse beamformed predefined interactive battle tactics, such as formations.

acoustic signals are injected into each stave channel of The purpose of the software described in this document

the AN/SQS-53 hull.mounted sonar, and into each is to translate high-level definitions of platform posi-

hydrophone channel of the AN/SQR-19 towed array tions and motions into detailed scenario code. Specific

* sonar. Simulated sonobuoy signals are injected into the applications are discussed in Section 3.2.

AN/SQQ-28 via a cable to the LAMPS helicopter whenthe helicopter is on decr., or via radio link to the sono- 3.0 Planned Software Capabilitiesbuoy receiver when the helicopter is in the air. As aresult, every console and electronic cabinet in the afore- This section describes, In general terms, the capa-mentioned sonars and in the Mk 116 ASW Control bilities of the proposed scenario generation software.

* System behave as though the simulated targets are Functional capabilities are described In Section 3.1,actually in the water. The manner in which these t\mctional capabilities can

For ESM training, display-level representations of be utilized fbr effective and efficient development ortarget electromagnetic radiation are injected into scenarios is described in Section 3.2. Some comments

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on the commonality among the various functional scenario or on individual tracks. The next logicalcapabilities, from a technology standpoint, are offered extension of this capability is software to performin Section 3.3. operations on individual events. These operations

include changes of parameters, deletions, and inser-tions of events. The insertion function is powerful

3.1 Functional Capabilities enough to insert sequences of events contained In aThe inputs to the off-line scenario generator are high- separate file, Therefore, the user is able to create librar-

level instructions obtained through menu-driven ies of scenario segments. Scenario segments stored ininteraction with the user, and (optionally) a scenario these libraries can then be assembled quickly and effi-that has been created on the OBT and stored on a disk clently into complete scenariog. Detailed applicationsby the Scenario Input Computer (Unit 12). The off-line are describedt ifti Sr :t1:,' 3,2,. A detailed functionalscenario generator creates a new scenario, or modifles description is p-. ýnted ini Section 4.2.an existing scenario, by adding and/or modifyingsubevents related to the positions and motions of targets, 3.1.3 Automatic Merging of Scenario Segments:fixed bearing noise sources, and ownship. The output is Automatic merging of scenario sLgments is an exten-a scenario file that can be loaded into the OBT and sion of the scenario macrocompiler concept, whereinutilized for training, the decision to insert a sequence of subevents from a

The specific functional capabilities of the off-line secondary file is based nn specifiable functions ofscenario generator are geometric transformations, scenario platform positions, speeds, courses, andmacro~compilation of individual events or sequences of emissions, Also, the parameters of subevents in theseevents, automatic merging of sequences of events with secondary files are allowed to be variables that areparameter modification, graphical editing, and reactive functions of scenario platform pxositions, speeds, andtarget emulation. These functional capabilities are courses.described in Sections 3.1,1 through 3.1.5. Application The automatic merging function operates by step-of these functional capabilities to the efficient and ping through a scenario, Incrementing problem time,effective development of training scenarios is described Whenever problem time is Incremented, the positions,in Sections 3.2.1 through 3.2.5. courses, and speeds of ownship and all targets, and the

pinging status of ownshlp, are calculated. User-defined3.1.1 Geometric Transformations: The Scenario conditional functions of thes calculated variables areTransform Program performs geometrical transformea- evaluated, A sequence of subevents stored in a second-tions on existing scenarios, The input is a complete ary file is inserted whenever one of these conditionalscenario, with platform motions defined. The Scenario functions is satisfied.Transform Program can rotate, translate, expand, or Once a sequence of subcvents is inserted, user-contract individual tracks or the entire scenario. The defined functions specifying the subevent parametersoutput is a modified scenario file that can be executed contained therein are also evaluated whenever problemby the OBT, Graphical displays of track plots are time is incremented.provided. The most critical task in the development of the

Expansion or contraction can be accomplished by automatic merging function is the design of a simple,changingsubeventtimes while holdingplatformspeeds straighti ,rward, user-friendly technique for invokingconstant, or by changing platform speeds while holding it. Th, task is accomplished through the use ofsubevent times constant, However, a constant speed pseudoevents that are inserted into the scenario by theexpansion or contraction cannot be performed on user. For example, assume that the user wishes a targetindividual tracks. Requested expansionsand contractions submarine to perform passive target motion analysis onare error-checked forviolations of platformspeed limits another target, followed by an attack. The operator usesarndrfor-theabilityofathe nfplatformstocompletec tse editing functions to insert a non-OBT-readableand for the ability of the platforms to complete course pseudoevent into the scenario. The automatic mergingchanges. The specific functions of the Scenario function parses that pseudoevent, and loads the neces-Transform Program are discussed in Section 4.1. sary control functions from a library, Execution of theseApplications of the Scenario Transform Program are functions causes events specifying the motions anddiscussed in Section 3.2.1. activities of the attacker to be adjusted for the motions

of its target, and to be inserted into the scenario.3.1.2 Scenario Macrocompiler: The Scenario Trans- Typical applications of automatic merging of see-form Program perfbrms operations on a complete nario segments are described in Section 3.2.3.

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3.1.4 Graphical Editor: The graphical editor is an The alternatives that should be considered areenhancement to the scenario macrocompiler function. (a) modifying the protocols to allow coordinated sharedIt is also compatible with the automatic merging of sce- control between the OBT and an external controller, andnario segments function. (b) duplicating a substantial part of the OBT's scenario

* The graphical editor function allows the user to draw parsig,, capabilities.platform tracks on the computer screen with a mouse. The second issue is the selection of the physicalThe user uses the mouse to place a cursor on a track and channel for communication between the reactive targetto hook the track by depressing the left mouse button. controller and the OBT. The alternatives are to (a) pro-When he moves the mouse, the point on the track which vide the hardware and software for use of the OBT'she hooked follows the cursor like a stretched rubber external control port, and (b) modify the OBT softwareband. Depressing the right mouse button then causes the itself to channel the necessary messages through thenew temporary shape of the track to become permanent. channel between the OBT's Signal Generation and

Procesn nt(nt2 n t cnroIptCmThe user is then asked whether he wishes to accept the pcessing unit (Unit 2) and its Scenario Input Corn-default assumption that the recent platform speed has puter (Unit 12).been constant. If he does not accept this assumption, 3 A

* then he is asked to resolve the ambiguity between the 3 Applications and Examplestime of the new turn and the speed during the previous The following paragraphs describe situations in whichleg. A subevent for the newly defined turn is then a high-level, off-line scenario modification and genera-inserted into the scenario, and any necessary modifica- tion facility can significantly enhance the ability of thetions to previous and following subevents are made. surface ASW ships to utilize the OBT,

In the event the user hooks a turn, rather than a leg of 3.2.1 Geometric Transformations: This section dis.,the scenario, the position of the turn is moved, and a new cusses applications of the ScenarioTransform Program,subevent is not Inserted, which is discussed in Section 3.1.1,

Repeated invocation of this function permits corn- When sonar operators are being trained to work withplex tracks to be created in a simple and straightforward barely visible signals, It is often desirable to adjust themanner. Advantages are discussed in Section 3,2.4. ranges to targets to accommodate a change in the sonar

. Rrange of the day. A simple expansion or contraction in3.1.5 Reactive Targets: The automatic merging of the scale of the scenario is more manpower efficient

scenario segments permits the definition of targets that than reprogrammfng the entire scenario.can react to the position, course, and emissions of Time and fuel can be saved tf ownship can makeownship and other targets during off-line scenario Tome ard ite ne sa tion, o at akegeneration. The next logical extension of this capability whire prosecuting snmulatcd targets. Unfortunately,is to provide targets with the ability to react to the hostile targets in preprogrammed scenarios are nottrainees' actions in real time. This reaction can be always positioned in that directiona The Scenarioaccomplished by taking the following developmental Transform Program provides a simple means to rotatesteps: (a) create a data channel that inputs real-time data the individual tracks or the complete scenario, therebyand makes it available to the automatic merging func-tion; (b) drive the automatic merging function with real placing targets closer to the desired direction for own-

- time rather than simulated platform parameters; and ship movement.(c) provide a scenario parser and a data channel, which Multiple-ship team training can be accomplished if aenables the scenario segments loaded and modified by single scenario Is adjusted through translation of allthe automatic merging function to control the OBT in tracks to compensate for the initial position ofeach ship,real time. Once this Is accomplished, the OBT is capable In this way, an entire battle group can practice prosecut-of real-time dynamic interaction with the trainees ing the same simulated targets.

rApplications of this capability are discussed in Variety can be introduced to counteract the tendencySection 3.2,5. of trainees to memorize exercises through selective

Two major issues must be resolved before a reactive translation, rotation, scale expansion, and scale con-target capability can be Implemented, The first issue is traction of Individual tracks.whether the reactive target controller must control only 3.2.2 Scenario Macrocomplier: T he principal use ofthose targets which the operator designates as mactive, the scenario macrocompiler is to reduce the amountor whether it will be required to control the entire of repetitive keypunching needed to create a scenario. Itscenario. Present OBT protocols lock out the OBT's allows the user to create frequently used sequences ofscenario parsing capability for the duration of the see- subevents, store them off..line, and merge them intonario, whenever an external controller takes control, scenarios when needed. Therefore, its contribution to

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scenario development is similar to the contribution of the concept of a loaded aircraft; the scenario developerthe macroassembler to software development. Like the is responsible for steering each missile independently,macroassembler, the productivity enhancement of even if it is disabled and attached to the wing of anthe macrocompilar will depend upon how well the user aircraft.organizes his scenario development to take advantage 'Development of complex ESM scenarios can beof repetitive sequences of subevents, significantly simplified through the use of macros that

Examples of subevent sequences, which can be define multiple-target attack patterns for aircraft andcreated inadvance and storedoff-line in macros, include their missiles. The ESM environment for a major airthe following: initial setup of platforms, sensors, and attack against a convoy or battle group can then beemitters; passive target motion analysis maneuvers; programmed by specifying Initial positions of attackingbaffle clearing operations in which a submarine aircraft and by assigning their targets.periodically circles to check for threats behind him; and A limited, nonhomogeneous ocean trainingformations, environment for ownship sensors can be created by

The scenario macrocompiler is limited because the combining the automatic merging function with amerged subevent sequences are not automatically specialized acoustic model, The requirements foradjusted for the context of the scenario. Thus, post- the acoustic model are discussed, as well as how themerge editing is required to make inserted targets track, automatic merging function could be used to Injectattack, or evade other targets. the nonhomogeneous acoustic behavior of the ocean

into the training environment.3.2.3 Automatic Merging of Scenario Segments: The -The acoustic model can be prepared by analyzing aautomatic merging function permits prior creation, off- particular oceanographic regime (such as a front orline storage, and subsequent insertion into a scenario of eddy in a specific ocean) for propagation losses, Thissubevent sequences that involve target reactions to analysis would involve the use of software that is not aposition, speed, and emissions of another target or part of the scenario generation software. Subtraction ofownship, Thus, targets can be programmed to react loss computed by the OBT's propagation model (for aautomatically to other targets or ownship during see- specified ocean) from the propagation loss computednario compilation time. Tactically realistic scenarios by the nonhomogeneous ocean acoustic model wouldcan then be programmed rapidly using techniques yieldthe necessary corrections to the OBls propagationdescribed in the following text. Use of the automatic model. For rapid scenario compilation, the numericalmerging function to create a limited training environ- acoustic analysis results would have to be precomputedment of fronts and eddies Is also described, and stored as a data base, in which propagation loss cor-

A torpedo macro can be defined with the following rections could be obtained by interpolation betweenspecified behavior: (a) initially, maintain a position stored values, A typical data base might divide theidentical to that of a designated attack submarine and exercise area into a 20 x 20 horizontal matrix with fiveremain Invisible to sonar, (b) become enabled upon possible depths. A data base of this resolution wouldclosure to within a designated range of a specified require storage of 800,0(X) propagation loss correctionsvictim, which may be another target or ownship, (based on400possible positions fora surface ship times(c) proceed toward the victim and enter a search pattern, 2000 possible positions for a submarine).and (d) upon satisfaction of acquisition criteria, attack. , During scenario compilation, the problem geome-

* The attacksubmarine in the previous paragraph can try of the scenario would be simulated. The specificbe programmed to (a) execute a specified search pat- positions of ownship and all acoustic targets would betom, (b) initiate prescribed target motion analysis used as the basis for acquisition of propagation lossmaneuvers upon satisfaction of acquisition criteria for corrections from the acoustic data base. Propagationthe designated victim, and (c) steer an intercept course loss corrections would be inserted into the scenariowhile performing any maneuvers required to maintain when they differ from previously inserted values by athe target motion analysis with passive sonar. prescribed threshold.

- Individual ships or aircrqft can be programmed to -- Injection of propagation loss corrections into theapproach another platform and to tall into formation at scenario can be done by inserting subevente witha designated range and relative bearing, upon intercept. the action tokens TTNPASUS (contact passive strength)Thus, groups of ships or aircraft can be programmed to and TTNACIFUS (contact active strength). These cor-fall Into formation and follow a leader. rections enable the program to provide. a dynamic range

' Aircraft can be loaded with missiles and steered as of 40 dB for passive signals and 24 dB for active signals.a unit. This maneuver Is significant because the present It also consumes subevents, thereby reducing the tacti-OBT scenario pigramming language does not contain cal complexity of the scenario.

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Reactive Target

AutomaticScenario Segment

Insertion

Graphical Geometric MacroEditor Transforms Editor

Data Structures and Utilities

"Real-Time0 UNIX Communication

with OBT

Hardware

System structure.

Sonobuoys could be accommodated if the sensor manual reactive control in real time with existinginjection levels and the target active and passive strengths techniques.were carefully balanced to simulate the correct propa-gation loss for all target-to-sensor paths. However, 3,3 System Structuresince the AN/SQQ-28 simulation function has only one The figure shows the overall structure of the softwareinjection level control, all sonobuoys simulated at a described in this report. The foundation for allparticular time would have to be located in the same software items described in Section 3.1 is a set of dataarea. structures and utilities for access to manipulate and

• display scenario data. Therefore, the development ofeach of the software items discussed will make a

3.2.4 Graphical Editor: The graphical editor allows contribution to the software infrastructure, which willthe user to think directly in terms of track plots when be exploited by the next phase of development, Inlaying out the tracks. This capability results in enhanced addition, the automatic scenario segment Insertion pro-productivity and easier use of all applications, gram (Sect, 3.1.3) will build on and expand the

• macroeditor (Sect. 3.1.2). The reactive target controller3.2.5 Reactive Targets: A reactive target capability builds on the automatic scenario segment insertionallows the applications discussed in Section 3.2.3 to run program, but requires an additional capability for real-inrealtime, ratherthanonlyduringscenariocompilation. time communication with the OBT.Team trainees benefit from the experience of dealingwith targets that react to their maneuvers and actions. 4.0 Detailed Functional Descriptions

In addition, instructors are able to inject real-timemaneuvers of ESM targets, such as the deflection of an 4.1 Scenario Transform Programincoming missile, by chaff or jamming. The pace of The Scenario Transform Program has five specificESM evolutions is simply too fast to permit effective functions.

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• The scenario file is loaded and is restructured to pointed to and highlighted is deleted. Appropriatepermit easy access to individual tracks. pointers in the data structure are modified as required to

"* If desired, the tracks can be displayed graphically, bypass the event being pointed to. The displaycd script"* The graphical display can be zoomed to permit is rewritten without the event.

large-scale viewing of a portion of the scenario. * The change event soft. key prompts the operator for-Operator requests for translations, rotations, expan- an event number. The event currently being pointed to

sions, and contractions are error-checked, and the on the script display page is the default, if the operatornecessary operations are performed. types a carriage return without first entering an event

- A file name consistent with OBT conventions is number.established. The subevents are sorted into chronolog- The screen then displays selected status informationical order and are recorded into the new file In a format, plus a menu. The menu items are based on the menuwhich the OBT can read and execute. selections available to an operator of the OBT in the

scenario generation mode under comparable circum-4.2 Scenario Macrocomplier stances, However, reduced screen size relative to the

The following software functions are provided by OBT's trainer control console may necessitate splittingscenario macrocompiler: the menu into several pages.

Event time is displayed and is defaultcd to the time of4.2.1 Load Scenario: The load scenario function loads the selected event, All menu selections are processed inthe scenario file. In addition it restructures the scenario apprsxlmatel th Ame seqenc and undeespprointo permit easy access to individual tracks and subevents, mately the same conditions as they would be in the

Individual subevents are accessible through a sequence scenario generation mode of the oyr; corresponding

of pointers that support fflcienttnsertions and deletions, changes occur in the sc'enaro script. These changes

4.2.2 Display and Zoom: The display and zoom fune- include modification of all appropriate pointers In thetion allows graphical display of the the track plots. The data structure and renumbering of all events affected byuser can zoom the display for detailed viewing, any change in the event time.

4.2.3 Script Display: The user must point to specific The scenario script, updated to reflect the changes, is

events to make a change or insertion. A script display displayed. The changed event continues to be high-function is provided for this purpose, The script lighted, and any page changes necessary to display this

display function examines the appropriate page of the event are executed. nscenrio pares he ube-ent, megessubvent ino -The add event soft key causes a menu display toscenario, parses the subevents, merges subevents Into offer the choice of either a single event or a sequence of

events, and displays the script in a display format eve which or stor in a separate of

similar to that used by the OBT. events, which are stored In a separate macrofile.Pointers to event numbers can be controlled through

arrow keys or soft keys, The event numbers being If the single event option Is selected:pointed to are highlighted through inverse video, under- An event is created In the next available memory space In thelining, or display of a cursor. When either the up and scenario data structure. The user Is then prompted for the type ordown arrow keys or the soft keys are pressed, the pointer menu level of the event (such as ownship or contacts).moves from event to event, Optional parallel control The screen displays selected status Information plus a menu.

The menu occupies as many pages as are required to fit thethrough a mouse Is desirable, Information on the available display screen. The menu items are

Keyboard entry of an event number causes (a) posi- based on the menu selections available to an operator of the OBTtioning of the pointer on that event, (b) highlighting of In thescenarlogenoratlon mode undercomparabtecircurnistances.

For example, If the menu level of the selected event Isthat event, and (c) display of the appropriate page "ownshlp,* the available menu items include motion, orderedof script, if different from the page currently being course, ordered speed, ordered rudder angle, ANISQS-53,displayed, AN /SQR-1l, AN/SQQ-28, and change event time,

Event time Is displayed and is defaulted to zero. SelectingThe following soft keys are displayed when the script *change event time* results In a prompt for the time in

display is active: page forward, page back, delete event, hours:minutes:seconds, with the default being the time of thechange event, and add event, event previously pointed to on the script page, All other menu items

.The pageforward soft key causes the next page of are processed in basically the same sequence and under basicallythe same conditions as they would be In the sconario generation

the script to be displayed. mode of the OBT, and result in corresponding changes to the* The page back soft key causes the previous page of scenario script. These changes include modification of all appro-

tescript to be displayed. priate pointers In the data structure, and renumbering of all eventsthe sas required to make all events in the scenario occur in time* The delete soft key causes the user to be prompted sequence. The script display, appropriately updated, is rewritten.

with an "Are you sure?" message. If, and only if, the Theaddedevent Is highlighted, andthepageof the sorlptonwhichuser confirms his Intent to delete, the event being this event appears is displayed,

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l1 the option tU insert a sequence of events stored in a macro- 4.2.6 Generate Subevent Sequence File: The ganer-file Is selected: ate subevent sequence file function, through dialog with

The operator is prompted for an event time, The default is the the operator, establishes a )nacrofile name consistenttime of the event currently being pointed to. with OBT conventions. An initial character (to be delcr-

• A list of appropriate macrofiles Is displayed. The operator Is mined) is used to distinguish this macrofile fromprompted to select a specific macrofile. The selected file, whichcontains subevents in the standard file server format, Is loaded scenarios and other files used by the OBT. The user isInto memory and Integrated into the scenario data structure. giventheopportunityto specify whetherselected classesPointers inthe data structure are adjusted to position thosequence of subevent parameters are to be treated as absolute orof events appropriately for the selected event time, The selectedevent time is then added to the event times in the new data; relative upon macro insertion; user decisions are loggedtherefore, the event times In the Inserted file are Interpreted as in the header field of the macroflle. The subevents arc

• Incremental times relative to the selected event time, Other then sorted into chronological order, and arc recordedsubeventparametersareeltheradjustedorpassedwithoutchange into the new file in a format which can be read to thebased on the following criteria: (a) rules determined during designof the macrocomplier, (b) specifications stored In the header add event" function by the "sequence of events" optionrecord of the macrolile, and (o) operator Interaction where appro- described In section 4.2.priate, The scenario is sorted, so all events appear in the propertime sequence. Events are numbered sequentially throughout the

* scenario, The script display, appropriately updated, Is rewritten.The first event of the Inserted sequence Is highlighted, and the 5.0 Summarypage of the script on which this event appears Is displayed, The subevent-by-subevent syntax of the AN/SQQ-89

OBT's scenario editor makes the preparation of scenario4.2.4 Geometrical Transformation Functions: scripts a labor-intensive operation, As a result, off-lineOperatorrequestsfortranslations, rotations, expansions, scenario generation software is needed.

* and contractions of the entire scenario or individual A variety of software concepts for off-line scenariotracks, are accepted and processed as In the Scenario generation has been presented. Functional capabilitiesTransform Program. have been described forsoftware that supports geometric

trans formations, macrocompilation of individual4,2.5 Generate Scenario: A file name consistent with subeventsorsequencesofsubevents,autoniaticmergingOBT conventions is established, The subevents are of sequences of subevents with parameter modlf cation,sorted into chronological order and are recorded into the graphical editing, and reactive target emulation.new file in a format which the OBT can read and Examples of applications illustrate the software'sexecute.Eventnumbersincreasesequentiallythmughout capability for simplifying the scenario developmentthe scenario. The maximum file size is 6000 subevents. process and enhancing OBT utilization.

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Distribution List

Asst Secretary of the Navy Commanding Officer(Research, Engineering & Systems) Naval Ocean R&D A2t5v2tyNavy Department Attn: Code 252Washington DC 20350-1000 Stennis Space Center, MS 39529-5004

Chief of Naval Operations Commanding OfficerNavy Department (OP-02) Naval Ocean R&D ActivityWashington DC 20350.2000 Attn: Code 300

Stennis Space Center MS 39529.5004Chief of Naval OperationsNavy Department (OP-71) Commanding OfficerWashington DC 20350-2000 Naval Research Laboratory

Washington DC 20375DirectorNational Ocean Data Center CommanderWSC1 Room 103 Naval Oceanography Command6001 Executive Blvd. Stennis Space Center MS 39529.5000Attn: G, W. WithesRockvillu MD 20852 Commanding Officer

Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center

Chief uf Naval Operations Monterey CA 93943-5005Navy Department (OP-987)Washington DC 20350-2000 Command'ng Officer

Naval Oceanographic OfficeOceanographer of the Navy Stennis Space Center MS 39522-5001Chief ofNaval OperationsAttn: OP.096 CommanderU.S. Naval Observatory Naval Ocean Systems Center34th & Mass Ave., NW San Diego CA 92152-5000Washington DC 20390-1800 Commanding Offlcer

Commander ONR Breoh OfficeNaval Air Development Center Box- 33Warminster PA 18974-U000 FPO New York NY 0V510-0700

Commanding Officer CommanderNaval Co&stal Systems Center David W. Taylor Naval Research Center

Panama City FL 32407-5000 Bethesda MD 20084-5000

Commander CommanderSpace & Naval Warfare Sys Corn Naval Surface Weapons CenterWashington DC 20363-5100 Dahlgren VA 22448-5000

Commanding Officer Commanding OfficerNaval Environmental Prediction Naval Underwater Systems CenterResearih Facillt Newport RI 02841-5047Monterey CA 93143-5006 Superintendent

Commander Naval Postgraduate SchoolNaval Facilities Eng Command Monterey CA 93943Naval Facilities Eng Command Headquarters Director of Navy Laboratories200 Stovall St.Alexandria VA 22132,2300 Rm 1062, Crystal Plaza Bldg 5

Department of the NavyCommanding Officer Washington DC 20360Naval Ocean R&D ActivityAttn: Code 100 Officer in ChargeStennis Space Center MS 39529-5004 New London Laboratory

Naval Underwater Sys Can Dat

Commanding Officer New London CT 06320Naval Ocean R&D ActivityAttn: Code 125L (13) DirectorStennis Space Center MS 39529-5004 Office of Naval Research

Attn: Code 10Commanding Officer 800 N. Quincy St,Naval Ocean R&D Activity Arlington VA 22217-5000Attn: Code 125PStennis Space Center MS 39529-5004 Director

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0e

Form ApprovedREPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMS No. 0704-o88

Public reportng burden for this collection of Information 1i estimated to average I hour oer response, Including the time for reviewiag in'struotlons, searching existing data sourcesgathering and .I ntagrining the data nseded, d com pleting and reiewing h Jo I t n r ey other uspect ofthis collection of information, including suogestione for reducing this bunien, to wahi,,gton HeadQuarters Services, Direotorate for I•nformation Operations and Reports, 1215 JeffersonDevia Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA222028-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0158), Washington, DC 20003&

1. Agency Use Only (Leave blank). 2. Report Date. 3. Report Type end Dates Covered.

4. Title and Subtitle. I " 6. Funding Numbers.Concept Definition: ANISQQ-89 On-Board Trainer Scenario-Generation Software P Element NQ 2662ON

ProJeot Na 001016. Author(e).George J. Moss, Jr. TWak N. 101

Accession No. 92528A

7. Performing Organlrotion Name(s) and Address(es). 8. Performing OrganizationReport Number.

Ocean Acoustics and Technology Directorate NORDA Report 214Naval Ocean Research and Development ActivityStennis Space Center, Mississippi 39529-5004

9. Sponsoring/Monitoring Agency Name(s) and Address(es). 10. SponsorlnglMonlto Ing AgencyReport Number.

11. Supplementary Notes.

12s. Distribution/Avallablilty Statement. 12b. Distribution Code.Approved for public release; distribution Is unlimited, Naval Ocean Research andDevelopment Activity, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi 39529-5004,

13. Abstract (Maxfmum 200 words),The AN/SQQ-89(V)-T() On-Board Trainer provides an at-sea training environment for sensor operators, ship teams, and shiplair teams

by stimulating various sensors on surface ASW ships, Training sessions are controlled by scenario files, which specify the motionsand the acoustic/electromagnetic emission parameters of simulated ships, submarines, and aircraft, as well as related medium propagationcharacteristics. Creating and modifying these scenario files Is a labor-intensive operation. A variety of software concepts for computer.aided generation of training scenarios have been defined, A geometric transformation program permits the geometry of a scenario tobe modified to support battle group training, to accommodate changes in sonar conditions, to optimize ship time and fuel usage, orsimply to produce variety. A macrocomplier permits rapid assembly of a scenario from archived segments, A more advanced automaticmacrocompller permits the simulated targets and ownehip to Interact with each other according to user-defined functions during scenariocompilation time. A reactive target emulator causes the simulated targets to react to each other and ownshlp In real time, thereby providingan interactive training environment. A schedule for Implementation of the software concepts Is suggested.

14. Subject Terms. 15. Number of Pages.10

expert systems, knowledge systems, artificial Intelligence 18. Price Code.

17. Security ClassIfication 18. Security Classification 19. Security Classification 20. Limitation of Abstract.of Report. of This Page, of Abstract.

Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified I None

NSN 7540-01-280-6500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-69)Proseribed by ANII itd, Z3216-09-102