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Andrew WatsonOMG Technical Director

OMG standards in use in IIoT:Putting IoT to Work™

Putting IoT to Work™Copyright © 2016, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 15 Mar 2016

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• One of the most successful forums for creating open integration standards in the computer industry- Middleware platforms (DDS, CORBA & related specs)- Modelling platforms (UML, BPMN, SysML & related work)- Systems Assurance (SACM, DAF for SSCD ...)- Vertical domain specifications (C4I, Robotics, Healthcare ...)

• Member-controlled industrial consortium- Both vendors and users- Not-for-profit

• Interfaces freely available to all- Visit http://www.omg.org

Introducing OMG


ACORDAdaptiveAdelard LLPAirbus GrpAppianAT&TBAE SystemsBizagiBloombergBoeingCACamundaEclipse Fndn.

EDM CouncilEMCFICOFSTC/BITSFujitsuGen. ElectricHPeHondaHuaweiIBMKDM AnalyticLockheedMEGA

MicrosoftMicro FocusMID GmbHMITREMitsubishiMphasisNASANARANECNo MagicNorthropOracleOrbus

OSDPenn NatʼlPrismTechPROSTEP AGPTCPwCRemedy ITRolls-RoyceRTISAPSelex ESSofteamSoftware AG

SparxState StThalesThematixTIBCOToshibaToyotaTwin OaksUnisysVDMbeeVisumpointWebRatio(200+ more)

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Worldwide Membership

http://www.bloomberg.com/

http://www.bloomberg.com/

http://www.vdmbee.com/

http://www.vdmbee.com/


Availability• OMG adopts and publishes interface specifications

- Implementation available from at least one OMG member

• Interfaces freely available to all (members or not)- No export restrictions- No specification licence, no payment- Best-effort assurances on IPR constraints

• Decisions taken by members- Strategic direction controlled by Board- Technical direction determined by Technology Committees

• Long-term ties to ISO sees many OMG specifications republished unchanged as International Standards

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IIoT: The Next Economic Revolution?• Industrial revolution

replaced musclepower with machines- Dramatic, continuing

rise in global livingstandards began

• Information revolutionsimilarly boosted brainpower

• Their convergencepromises further waveof rising productivityand prosperity

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Over the last 200 years, the world has experienced several waves of innovation. Successful companies learned to navigate these waves and adapt to the changing environment. Today we are at the cusp of another wave of innovation that promises to change the way we do business and interact with the world of industrial machines. To fully understand what is taking place today, it is useful to review how we got here and how past innovations have set the stage for the next wave we are calling the “Industrial Internet.”

The First Wave: The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution had a profound impact on society, the economy and culture of the world. It was a long process of innovation that spanned a period of 150 years between 1750 and 1900. During this

III. Wavesof Innovationand Change

Figure 2. Rise of the Industrial Internet

Inno

vati

on

Time

Wave 1IndustrialRevolutionMachines andfactories thatpower economiesof scale and scope

Wave 2

Computing power and rise of distributed information networks

InternetRevolution

Wave 3

Machine-basedanalytics: physics-based, deep domain expertise, automated, predictive

IndustrialInternet

period, innovations in technology applied to manufacturing, energy production, transportation and agriculture ushered in a period of economic growth and transformation. The first stage started in the mid-eighteenth century with the commercialization of the steam engine. The Industrial Revolution started in Northern Europe, which at the time was the most productive economy, and spread to the United States, where railways played a crucial role in accelerating economic development.1 The second surge came later, in 1870, but was even more powerful, bringing us the internal combustion engine, electricity and a host of other useful machines.

The Industrial Revolution changed the way we lived: it brought about a profound transformation in transportation (from the horse-carriage and the sailboat to the railways, steamboats and trucks); in communication (telephone and telegraph); in urban centers (electricity, runningwater, sanitation and medicine). It dramatically transformed living standards and health conditions.2

Source: Evans & Annunziata, GE, 26 Nov 2012


Industrial Internet Data Loop

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REMOTE ANDCENTRALIZED DATAVISUALIZATION

PHYSICAL AND HUMAN NETWORKS

INDUSTRIAL DATA SYSTEMS

SECURE, CLOUD- BASED NETWORK

BIG DATA ANALYTICS

INSTRUMENTED INDUSTRIAL MACHINE

Data sharing withthe right people and machines

Intelligence flows back into machines

Extraction and storage of proprietary machine data stream

Machine-basedalgorithms anddata analysis



The Benefits

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‘intelligent aircraft’ can communicate with operators. That is just today. In the next 15 years, another 30,000 jet engines will likely go into service as the global demand for air service continues to expand.

Similar instrumentation opportunities exist in locomotives, in combined-cycle power plants, energy processing plants, industrial facilities and other critical assets. Overall, there are over 3 million major “things that spin” in today’s global industrial asset base—and those are just a subset of the devices where the Industrial Internet can take hold.

Power of just one percent

The benefits from this marriage of machines and analytics are multiple and significant . We estimate that the technical innovations of the Industrial Internet could find direct application in sectors accounting for more than $32.3 trillion in economic activity. As the global economy grows, the potential application of the Industrial Internet will expand as well. By 2025 it could be applicable to $82 trillion of output or approximately one half of the global economy.

A conservative look at the benefit to specific industries is instructive. If the Industrial Internet achieves just a one percent efficiency improvement then the results are substantial. For example, in the commercial aviation industry alone, a one percent

Note: Illustrative examples based on potential one percent savings applied across specific global industry sectors. Source: GE estimates

Table 1: Industrial Internet: The Power of 1 Percent

SegmentEstimated Value

Over 15 Years(Billion nominal US dollars)

Type of SavingsIndustry

Commercial $30B1% Fuel SavingsAviation

Gas-fired Generation $66B1% Fuel SavingsPower

System-wide $63B1% Reduction inSystem InefficiencyHealthcare

Freight

Exploration & Development

$27B

$90B

1% Reduction inSystem Inefficiency

1% Reduction inCapital Expenditures

Rail

Oil & Gas

What if... Potential Performance Gains in Key Sectors

improvement in fuel savings would yield a savings of $30 billion over 15 years. Likewise, a one percent efficiency improvement in the global gas-fired power plant fleet could yield a $66 billion savings in fuel consumption. The global health care industry will also benefit from the Industrial Internet, through a reduction in process inefficiencies: a one percent efficiency gain globally could yield more than $63 billion in health care savings. Freight moved across the world rail networks, if improved by one percent could yield another gain of $27 billion in fuel savings. Finally, a one percent improvement in capital utilization upstream oil and gas exploration and development could total $90 billion in avoided or deferred capital expenditures. These are but a few examples of what can be potentially achieved.

Broad Global Benefits

As an early mover and source of key innovation, the US is at the forefront of the Industrial Internet. Given increasingly deeper global integration and ever more rapid technology transfer, the benefits will be worldwide. In fact, with emerging markets investing heavily in infrastructure, early and rapid adoption of Industrial Internet technologies could act as a powerful multiplier. There may be opportunities to avoid the same phases of development that developed economies went through. For example, the use of cables and wires may be avoided by going straight to wireless technology. Or the

availability of private, semi-public, or public cloud-based systems may displace the need for isolated systems. The result could be a more rapid closing of the productivity gap between advanced and emerging nations. And in the process, the Industrial Internet would ease resource and financial constraints, making robust global growth more sustainable.

Enablers and Catalysts

The Industrial Internet will require putting in place a set of key enablers and catalysts:

innovation is needed, along with investment to deploy the necessary sensors, instrumentation and user interface systems. Investment will be a fundamental condition to rapidly transfer new technologies into capital stock. The pace of Industrial Internet growth will ultimately be driven by how cost effective and beneficial they can be relative to current practice. The costs of deploying the Industrial Internet will likely be sector and region specific, but the assumption is that the costs of deployment will be providing a positive return for technology dollars invested.

approaches to manage vulnerabilities and protect sensitive information and intellectual property.

including new cross-cutting roles that combine mechanical and industrial engineering into new “digital-mechanical engineers,” data scientists to create the analytics platforms and algorithms, and software and cyber security specialists. Endowing workers with these skills will help ensure that, once again, innovation will result in more jobs as well as higher productivity.

It will take resources and effort , but the Industrial Internet can transform our industries and lives— pushing the boundaries of minds and machines.



The numbers • GPS-guided John Deere tractors seed fields with no overlaps

or gaps between traverses- 10% cost saving = £100/hectare ($60/acre) for cereal farmer

• GPS-guided John Deere harvesters runs continuously at optimum 7 kph all day, not human operatorʼs typical 5 kph- Harvests 30% more in a day, optimising equipment use &

weather windows, reducing operator fatigue

• Volvo excavators programmed with CAD model of hole to dig- 10-20% faster than human operator

• ASDA lorriesʼ deliveries planned & tracked via GPS- 5-10% cost savings, precise prediction of delivery times

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The Risks

9Copyright © 2015 IDG Enterprise. All rights reserved.


There are risks ...

10Copyright © 2015 Reed Exhibitions Ltd.


Demanding requirements• Safe, secure & resilient systems

- Documenting & then achieving all design goals, even in the face of bad actors attempting remote interference

• Designers who have tools & skills that cut across multiple engineering disciplines, data science, cyber security, UIs- Squeezing inefficiencies out of complex systems

• Sensors & advanced instrumentation embedded in machines- Enormous data volumes distributed & analysed in real time

• Widely-used OMG specifications support all these- Already enabling IIoT-based innovation- Some relevant OMG activities ...

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3 Most Important IIoT Design Policy goals• Safety

- Does not cause physical injury or damage to health (either directly, or via damage to property & the environment)

• Security- No unintended or unauthorised access, change or

destruction of system or data & information it contains

• Resilience- System avoids, absorbs & manages dynamic adversarial

conditions while completing assigned mission(s), reconstitutes operational capabilities after casualties

Source: Industrial Internet Reference Architecture http://www.iiconsortium.org/IIRA.htm

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Assurance• Measure of confidence that system meets policy goals

• Information Assurance (IA)- Availability, integrity, confidentiality, non-repudiation

• Safety Assurance (SfA)- Risk to the safety of people & equipment

• Software Assurance (SwA)- Free of exploitable vulnerabilities, functions to specification

• System Assurance (SysA)- All applicable safety, security, reliability, regulatory etc

goals are met

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OMG Systems Assurance specifications• Common framework for analysis & exchange of information

about system assurance and trustworthiness, including ...

• Structured Assurance Case Metamodel- For representing auditable claims, arguments & evidence

that system satisfies particular requirements

• Automated Source Code Security Measure- Measured by detecting most-exploited source-code

weaknesses (e.g. SQL Injection 1st, Buffer overflow 3rd)

• Dependability Assurance Framework for Safety-Sensitive Consumer Devices- Methodology for dependability argumentation for safety-

sensitive consumer devices with embedded software14


SysML• Graphical modelling language for specifying, analyzing,

designing & verifying complex systems that may include hardware, software, information, personnel, procedures- Provides means to precisely model large, complex

systems-of-systems, from requirements to acceptance

• Aids communication across engineering disciplines- Co-developed with

International Council onSystems Engineering(INCOSE)

- Widespread tool support- Mature, widely-used

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Ontology Definition Metamodel• IIoT systems could generate huge amounts of data

- New data categories may be added as systems evolve ...- ... with new units, meanings & relationships to each other- Hard-wiring static assumptions about data being created,

analysed and used would limiting system adaptability

• Ontology Definition Metamodel (ODM) provides tools to categorise data & represent complex, evolving relationships- Enables reasoning about

data types & relationshipsnot foreseen at design time

- A vital foundation for dataanalytics

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• User interface design will make or break IIoT systems- Much IIoT debate centres on machine/machine interactions- ... but data visualisation & analysis put humans in the loop- Must achieve seamless man-machine interface that

minimises unnecessary input & undesired output

• IFML supports abstract design of userʼsinteraction with system- Independent of presentation

technology - Focussed on structure of user

interactions- No definition of graphics or styles

Interaction Flow Modelling Language (IFML)

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Data Distribution Service• Integration “glue” for IIoT applications spanning data centres

to edge sensors- Creates virtual, decentralised global data space abstraction- Excellent performance with real-time guarantees- Proven-interoperable products from

multiple vendors- Available for safety-critical

systems to DO-178C Level A- Integrated security framework- Fine-grained access control- Highly scalable- Proven in multiple

mission-critical applications18

OMG IntroductionCopyright © 2014, Object Management Group. All rights reserved. 2 Sep 2014

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DDS controls Grand Coulee Dam

Largest US hydro-electric plant(6.8 GW)

Fastest-responding major power source on US Western Grid


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Kennedy Space Centre

NASA Orion Launch Control

System

First Launch5 Dec 2014

DDS-based SCADA system

300 k points @400k msgs/sec


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DDS from Edge to Fog to Cloud• “Cloud” Data Centres

- Elasticity, flexible provisioning forManagement & analytics

• “Fog” Distributed Computing- Process bulk data close to edge- Reduce bandwidth &

latency, increase availability& robustness

• “Edge” sensors/actuators- High-volume

data sources,realtime actuators

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DDS Wire Protocol Optimised for IIoT• Peer-to-peer: no brokers or servers, no single point of failure

• Adaptable QoS: multiple policies, including prioritization

• Reliable: even over multicast!

• Any size data: automatic fragmentation

• Automatic Discovery: presence without configuration

• Decoupled execution: start/stop apps in any order

• Efficient data encoding & encapsulation

• High performance: near-native “wire” speeds

• Linear scalability: no N2 network connections23


DDS: High performance, highly predictable

• Intel Core2 Quad CPU Q6600- 2.4 GHz, 4MB Cache- 4GB memory

• Intel Pro 1000 GigabitEthernet NIC- e1000e chipset

• Link DXS-3350 SR switch- 176Gbps Capacity- 48 x 10/100/

1000BASE-T ports

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Summary: What IoT standards do we need?• Obviously, for networking together IoT devices

- To allow multiple vendorsʼ products to work together with minimum (re-)configuration

- OMG Data Distribution Service (DDS) fits the bill

• In Addition we need tools, training & (yes) standards for:- Specifying, analysing, designing, verifying complex

systems- Dependability Assurance- Threat & risk modelling- Measuring Source Code security/robustness- ... other Safety, Security & Resilience issues

• OMG has established standards in all these areas25


For more information

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OMG: http://www.omg.org

Email: [email protected]

Thank You!Questions?

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