oil india process ppt by achyut krishna das

OIL INDIA & ONGC

Process and Application Detail

By Achyut Krishna Das

SFE, Guwahati

Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati

EXPLORING OF PETROLEUM

• Knowing that petroleum traps exist , and pinpointing traps far below the earth’s surface are two different aspects of exploration.

• Many methods have been used to locate petroleum traps, but the most important methods are aerial surveying, geological exploration, geophysical (seismic) exploration and exploratory drilling.

AERIAL AND SATELLITE

• Survey from high altitudes give a broad picture of a geographic area of interest. Major surface structures such as anticlines and faulted regions can be clearly observed by these methods.

• Modern aerial and satellite surveying is more sophisticated allowing a number of features to be evaluated, including thermal anomalies, density variations, mineral composition, oil seepage and many others.


SURFACE GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION

Observations by trained geologists of rock outcrops (where subsurface layers reach the surface), road cuts and canyon walls can identify lithology and assess the potential for hydrocarbon source rocks, reservoir-quality rocks and trapping mechanisms in an area

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

Sensitive equipment and analytical techniques made geophysicists learn a great deal about the subsurface. Chief among these techniques is seismic exploration in which shock waves, generated at the surface and aimed downwards, are reflected back to the surface as echoes off the strata below. Because rocks of varying density and hardness reflect the shock waves at different rates of speed, the seismologist can determine depth, thickness and type of rock by precisely recording the variances in the time it takes the waves to arrive back at the surface.


Geophysical Methods

• Electrical Method• EM Method • Gravity Method• Magnetic Method• Seismic Method

Refraction MethodReflection Method


EM METHOD

ELECTRICAL METHOD


REFRACTION METHOD

REFLECTION METHOD


MODERN 2D/3D SEISMIC SURVEY:

• DATA ACQUISITION• DATA INTERPRETATION• DATA ANALYSIS


Drilling Methods

Cable tool drilling Rotary drilling

Drilling for petroleum


Rotary Drilling Rig


Hoisting System: Crown block,Monkey board,Travellingblock,Hook,Drawworks,Substructure,Drilling line

Rotating Equipments: Swivel,Kelly,Kelly bushing,Rotary table

Power System: Generators Well-Control Equipments: Annular BOP,Ram

BOP,Accumulator unit,Choke manifold,Mud-Gas separator

Components of a Rig


Pipe and pipe handling equipments: Pipe racks,Catwalk,V-door,Rathole

Miscellaneous: Doghouse,Cellar,Hoisting line,Gin pole

Circulating system:Mud pits,Mud pumps,Standpipe,Rotary hose,Bulk mud storage,Mud return line,Shale shaker,Desilter,Desander,Degasser, Reserve pits

Components of a Rig


Bit

Drill collars and bottom hole assemblies

Drill pipe

Drill String Components


Drill string components


Open hole completion Gun perforated completion

Well Completion


Liner completion Gravel packed completion

Well Completion


STRAIGHT S-BEND J-BEND HORIZONTAL


Drilling is done by applying rotational and downward force to the drill bit

Mud is pumped in through the drill string and passes to the annulus through bit nozzles. Thereafter it flows up and come back to the surface.

Drilling mud lubricate and cool the bit. It lift the cuttings from the bottom of the hole and carry it to the surface.

Rate of penetration depends upon formation and drilling parameters.

Drilling parameters are- RPM, WOB and GPM

RPM and WOB depend on type of formation, bit , BHA and type of operation.GPM depends on size of hole, type of operation and mud hydraulics optimization


What are different stages of Drilling ?

The different stages of Drilling are :-

CONDUCTOR ISOLATION OIL STRING


12¼” Hole

13.3/8” Csg

9.5/8”Csg

8½”Hole

5½”Csg

17½”Hole

2⅞”Tubing

CONDUCTOR

ISOLATION

OIL STRING


WELL HEAD HOOK-UP


Casing and liner Cementing Mud logging Coring and core analysis Drill-stem and formation-interval

testing Wireline logging Directional drilling

Other Operations


Stabilizer

Wear Out Area


Build Up byDrilltec 8800

Fishing Tools


Roller cone bits

Drill Bits


Diamond and PDC bits

Drill Bits


MUD PUMP PONY ROD


Oil Piston


Job- Mendral Base Metal- SS 4145


Volume Bottle

Crack Area

Cross Head

Wear Out Area

Modulating Valve

Damage Area

oil india process ppt by achyut krishna das

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