ohw_iit_mum
DESCRIPTION
A short talk I gave on Open Hardware and the Open Source tools that can be used for prototyping by Makers to bring their ideas to life. At the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mumbai. Talk organized by Mumbai Tech Meetup group. https://plus.google.com/u/0/events/cu93d98blpb3pvan1inmn7u42l8TRANSCRIPT
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Overview
Open HardwareSome successful/useful OH projectsOHSummitMaker Spaces / Maker MovementProduct Design
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What is OSH
● Publicly available Hardware design (mechanical drawings, schematics, bills of material, PCB layout data, gerber plots, firmware)
● “Open source hardware is hardware whose design is made publicly available so that anyone can study, modify, distribute, make, and sell the design or hardware based on that design. The hardware’s source, the design from which it is made, is available in the preferred format for making modifications to it.”
● http://www.oshwa.org/
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OSH - is it any good ?
● Arduino○ bringing the power of microcontrollers to everyone
● Rep-Rap○ 3D printer
● Lasersaur○ Laser Cutter
● ShapeOko○ CNC Machine
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OH Summit - a Hacker congregation
● Since 2010 : www.oshwa.org● Annual conference organized by OSHWA
and the world’s first comprehensive conference on open hardware
● Electronics, mechanics, digital fabrication, fashion technology, education, manufacturing, design, business, law . . . .
● Talks, Demos, Posters
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Maker Spaces
● a.k.a Hacker Space, FabLab. . .● A Makerspace is a community-operated
workspace where people with common interests, often in computers, technology, science, digital art or electronic art, can meet, socialise and/or collaborate.
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Modern Technology...
...gives us instant access to knowledge, materials, tools and prototyping as well as production facilities.
For the first time in history,if you can design it,
you can build it.
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Product Design
● Use open tools for open hardware● Generate digital files which can be used to build
prototypes using several rapid prototyping techniques.○ Electronics
■ EDA○ Mechanical
■ CAD○ Subtractive machining - CNC, EDM/Spark, regular
machines (Lathes, Drills etc)○ Additive manufacturing - 3D printing○ Profiling - Laser / Water jet / Wire Cut○ Engraving
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Making PCB’s
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KiCad : Schematic
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KiCad : Footprint association
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KiCad : Board layout
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KiCad : 3D Render
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KiCad : Prototype
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KiCad : Next step
● For the BOARD● Gerbers + Drill File
○ For each layer, Copper / Mask / Legend○ Drill file for PTH and Non-PTH holes and slots○ Board outline / Edge cut Gerber
● OSHPark / DirtyPCB / seeed Studio / etc
● For ASSEMBLY○ Solder Paste / Stencil / OSHStencils○ Optional Adhesive layer○ Position/Orientation files
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Mech. design, Housing
● FreeCAD○ Opensource○ Parametric○ Multi-platform/Architecture○ Multi-File format (IGES , STL, STEP, DXF, SVG)○ Python scripting support○ Workbenches
■ Architectural, Drafting, Mesh, OpenSCAD, Plotting, Raytracing, Ship building etc.
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Rapid Prototyping
● 3D printing requires files in formats such as STL, OBJ, DAE or similar formats
● STL >> Slicing >> G code >> 3D Printer● Know the process and understand the limitations
○ negative cavities, overhangs, support, resolution, etc
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FreeCAD : CAD to physical
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Laser cutting / engraving
● Profile cutting using lasers is simple● Create SVG file, save as PDF● Most laser cutting shops insist on .CDR format, but PDF
works fine● Understand the process and be aware of the
limitations.○ Thickness of material○ Type of material○ Cut thickness / Kerf○ Clearance
● Provide two separate files for cutting/engraving or one file with color separation
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Laser cutting / engraving
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CNC ….
● CNC requires a fair amount of process knowledge.○ Machining is a subtractive process, as against
additive for 3D printing.○ Start out with a solid block, and think of how
various machining operations will be carried out to
create the desired object. That will more or less be your CAD design flow.
○ Type of tool bit - end-mill, ball nose, conical…..○ Tool diameter, spindle speed, feed rate, depth of
cut, plunge rate……○ Operations are usually “Pocket” and “Profile”
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CNC ….
● For each operation, create a separate 2D file - usually SVG, DXF or similar.
● Each operation results in a separate G-code file
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OS Toolkit
● KiCad● FreeCAD / OpenSCAD● Inkscape● LibreOffice● HeeksCAD / HeeksCNC● PCB2GCODE / LineGrinder / Voronoi milling● Cura● MakerCAM / Easel / OpenSCAM● Github / Bitbucket