Officiating at the High Officiating at the High School LevelSchool Level

No coaching of players during gameNo coaching of players during game Book says no bending of the rules… but Book says no bending of the rules… but

what is in effect is the spirit of the law vs. what is in effect is the spirit of the law vs. the letter of the lawthe letter of the law

The game is an “outdoor classroom” The game is an “outdoor classroom” learning:learning:

* Gracious Winning and Losing* Gracious Winning and Losing

* Proper Sporting Behavior* Proper Sporting Behavior

* Essence of Teamwork* Essence of Teamwork

*Communicating with Authority Figures*Communicating with Authority Figures

Three Systems of Play – Three Systems of Play – The DualThe Dual

A. A. Dual SystemDual System Designation:Designation: Two referees – a lead Two referees – a lead

official and a trail official – One official and a trail official – One becomes head referee and one becomes head referee and one becomes the assistantbecomes the assistant

Both have equal responsibility and Both have equal responsibility and equal authority on making calls, but equal authority on making calls, but he head official is the one who makes he head official is the one who makes decisions on all administrative calls.decisions on all administrative calls.

Advantages - Dual System Advantages - Dual System (Cont’d)(Cont’d)

Only two official neededOnly two official needed Two different angles or sets of eyes on Two different angles or sets of eyes on

each playeach play Play is always boxed in by two officialsPlay is always boxed in by two officials There are two referees to There are two referees to

communicate with players and communicate with players and coaches regarding incidentscoaches regarding incidents

Sound learning tool for new officialSound learning tool for new official

Disadvantages of Dual Disadvantages of Dual SystemSystem

Poor Offside coveragePoor Offside coverage Conflicting calls by officialsConflicting calls by officials Two individual games being calledTwo individual games being called Poor field coveragePoor field coverage Poor communication over distancePoor communication over distance One official calls game being One official calls game being

dominateddominated Open door for Coach’s dissatisfactionOpen door for Coach’s dissatisfaction

B. Diagonal SystemB. Diagonal System Uses one referee and two Uses one referee and two

assistant referees (A.R)assistant referees (A.R) AR’s perform pre-game AR’s perform pre-game

duties; indicate ball out of duties; indicate ball out of play, when player is play, when player is offsides, direction of offsides, direction of throw-in; goal kick; throw-in; goal kick; corner kickcorner kick

Assist Ref in controlling Assist Ref in controlling game via fouls and game via fouls and misconduct, substitutions, misconduct, substitutions, back-up scoring, timing back-up scoring, timing and bookings. Alert to and bookings. Alert to functions occurring off functions occurring off the field of play. the field of play.

Advantages of Diagonal Advantages of Diagonal SystemSystem

One official makes call – consistencyOne official makes call – consistency Worldwide system – better trainingWorldwide system – better training Only one fully experienced official Only one fully experienced official

neededneeded Greater offside coverageGreater offside coverage

Challenges of Diagonal Challenges of Diagonal SystemSystem

Three Officials are needed as Three Officials are needed as opposed to twoopposed to two

Poor Referee….Poor Game-Youth Poor Referee….Poor Game-Youth learn gamelearn game

Ref can overrule AR offsides/foulsRef can overrule AR offsides/fouls

C. Double Dual (Three C. Double Dual (Three Whistle) SystemWhistle) System

Uses a Center Referee (CR) and two Uses a Center Referee (CR) and two side referees. CR covers center of side referees. CR covers center of field with the two side referees field with the two side referees covering the sides of fieldcovering the sides of field

Side Refs have some control Side Refs have some control responsibilities as CRresponsibilities as CR

Advantages of Double-dual Advantages of Double-dual SystemSystem

Play on and off ball has greater coveragePlay on and off ball has greater coverage It allows for great offside coverageIt allows for great offside coverage All plays can be covered by CR and one of All plays can be covered by CR and one of

the side refereesthe side referees Three officials to communicate with Three officials to communicate with

players, call fouls and handle violent players, call fouls and handle violent conductconduct

Officials are promoted to Ref status soonerOfficials are promoted to Ref status sooner All Refs have integral part of game- less All Refs have integral part of game- less

dropoutsdropouts

Disadvantages of Double-Disadvantages of Double-dualdual

Three paid in lieu of two officialsThree paid in lieu of two officials Foul calling inconsistent when Foul calling inconsistent when

differing levels of referees useddiffering levels of referees used

Rule DifferencesRule Differences

A. Both Teams Sub on Corner KicksA. Both Teams Sub on Corner Kicks

B. Unlimited Subs when warranted while NCAA players leaving inFirst half cannot re-enter in that half; and in the second half playersCan re-enter once.

C. Second Yellow Card to same player, player canLeave the field and be substituted. NCAA..no!

Rule Differences (Cont’d)Rule Differences (Cont’d)

When a throw-in does not enter the When a throw-in does not enter the field of play the throw-in is given to field of play the throw-in is given to the other team.the other team.