OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE FOR ENERGY ACTIVITIES.

A perspective from the NGO’s

Madrid SESSA Conference “Investment for sustainability”19 – 20 May, 2005

Friday 20 May: Assessment of opportunities in relation with a sustainable energy future for the EU

Second session: International cooperation to achieve universal access to electricity

Julio Lumbreras. Ingeniería sin Fronteras

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Poverty and access to electricity

• Correlation between access to electricity and poverty• Exceptions: China, Egypt, Mongol, Kenya, Tanzania, Botswana, South Africa, Morocco

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Human development index and electricity access

• Greater correlation within low development countries according to the HDI • Higher slope in these cases

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Human development index and per capita consumption

• As a consequence, the more development the more per capita consumption (8520 kWh/year vs. 1022 for medium vs. 218 for low) • Exceptions: Norway, Iceland, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu

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Bilateral and multilateral aid

• Fluctuation between years both in the quantity and type (mainly more multilateral than bilateral) • The total mean value is around 5400 MUS $• Bilateral is 2560 (6.5 % of total ODA)

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Multilateral aid. Agencies distribution

- Af+As DB+DF: African and Asian Development Bank + D. Fund- EC: European Commission - WB: World Bank- ID B+F: Interamerican Bank + Fund - UN: United Nations

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Multilateral aid. Sectoral distribution

• More than 50% average leading to politic aspects (58%)• Around 11% for non renewables and 7.5% for renewables• 1/3 dedicated to electricity transmission

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Multilateral aid. Geographical distribution

• 6% for Europe• 17% for Africa• 35% for America• 41 % for Asia

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Bilateral aid. Quality

• 33% non reimbursable (grants)• 66% reimbursable (loans)• 14% tied

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Bilateral aid. Principal donors

- 58% Japan 4.2% UK

- 14.6% United States 1.8% Spain

- 8.5% Germany

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Bilateral aid. Sectorial distribution

• 9.6% to politic aspects (58%)• Around 36.8% for non renewables and 25.9% for renewables• 23% to electricity transmission

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Bilateral aid. Geographical distribution

- 13% for Europe - 12% for Africa- 5.5% for America - 68 % for Asia- 1.7% Oceania

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Bilateral aid. Quality of aid

• 10.1% non reimbursable (grants)• 89.9% reimbursable (loans)• 83.4% tied

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Bilateral aid. DAC

versus Spain

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Bilateral aid. Sectoral distribution

• Around 78% for non renewables• 19% for renewables• 3% for politics and research

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Bilateral aid. Geographical distribution

- 7% for Europe - 38% for Africa- 40.7% for America - 13.7 % for Asia- 0.7% Oceania