Of what is the Universe made?

Insert new hubble photos to start the inquiry

The Universe is Made of

Matter Energy Nothingness -vacuum

Other

Matter and Energy are really the same thing!

E=MC2

In this Hubble Photograph, you can see the matter and evidence of energy. What you also see, or

think you see, is large amounts of nothingness. The vacuum of space. But what about “the

other?”

Sadly, in fifth grade we only Study Matter and

Energy. We must ignore “other” until college.

Let us start with Matter.

MatterWhat is it?

Why is it important?

MatterWhat is it?

Why is it important?

The official definition of matter?

Definition: anything that has mass and occupies space (has volume.)

Synonyms of “Matter” : material, stuff, substance

So most of the things around us are matter

Can you think of other things that

are matter?

What are some things that are not matter?

Let’s review today's discussion

Of what is Matter made?

Atoms

Matter is made of small particles called

ATOMS

Atoms are so small they can not be seen even with powerful

microscopes

A grain of salt is made of about 12,000,000,000,000,000,000

atoms

Atoms were first named by an ancient Greek

philosopher named Democritus

He called it an “a tom” because in Greek it means “that which can’t be

cut.”We still call this smallest piece an ATOM

But he thought of the atom as a kind

of marble – a smooth round ball

of whatever.

Close, But No Cigar

He wasn’t completely w wrong, he was partly

wrong!

Atoms have two basic parts

•A nucleus or center and

•electron shells

N

NN

N

The nucleus may be small or large

P

PP

P

PPP

PP

P

P

P NN

N N

N NN

N

Nuclei are made of small particles

called Protons and Neutrons

N

The electron shells are in an area around the nucleus

You can think of it as an orbit.

Electron shells.

Nucleus

So, unlike Democritus, we now know that atoms can be cut into smaller and

smaller pieces themselves

• The parts of ATOMS are • The PROTON, which has a positive electrical

charge• The ELECTRON, which has a negative charge • And the NEUTRON which has no charge.

The Neutron (s) and Proton(s) make up the NUCLEUS or center of the atom

The electrons “orbit the nucleus” of the atom

Here is where Democritus was right. Once you cut the atom

of something

it is no longer the thing you started with.

If you started with Gold, once you break the Gold atom

it is no longer Gold!

Atoms look something like this

They have a Nucleus (center)

And little things that “orbit” the nucleus are the electrons

Properties of Matter

A property is like a characteristic

~~something that describes

something else

When we talk about Matter

There are three really important properties

two important properties and

a bunch that are not as important, but still useful in classifying and

identifying matter.

Really Important Properties

1. Volume– How Much Space It Takes up

2. Mass– How Much Stuff Is in the Thing

Big Volume Big Mass

Really Important Property 3 state or phase of matter at room temp.

State or phase of matter refers to:

• Solid • Liquid • Gas

Gold is solid at room 68°f.

Gold is melts at 1948°fGold boils at 5085°f

The key question is:

Is the material you are look at a solid, liquid or gas

AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Every type of matter will be one of these three at room temperature approximately 68°f

Important Property 3 – state or phase

State or phase of matter refers to:

• Solid • Liquid • Gas

I would like to find gaseous gold but couldn’t. I am not sure anyone would want gaseous gold. But it boils at 5085°f. At that temperature and correct pressure gold can become a gas.

The key question is:

Is the material you are look at a solid, liquid or gas

AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Every type of matter will be one of these three at room temperature approximately 68°f

Mass and Volume control two other important properties of matter

Weight & Density

ImportantWeight –

The Pull of Gravity on the Object

Density – How Much Mass The Thing Has PER UNIT VOLUME

Weight is the measure of how much the force of gravity pulls down on an object.

Example

Bobgoes to the moon

Earth

Moon – 1/6 earth

Weight = 120kg Weight = 20kg

The gravitational pull of earth is defined as 1G. The moon, being 1/6th the mass of earth has only 1/6G of pull.

1G 1/6G

Earth Moon

Mass = 120kg

120kg

1G on Each side of Balance

Mass = 120kg

120kg

1/6G on Each side of Balance

Earth pulls down at 1G so on the scale you get Weight = 120kg

Moon pulls down at 1/6G so on a scale you get Weight = 20kg

The BALANCE is different. Lets see why.

DENSITYHow much stuff can you fit in a small space

Not much stuff packed into can

A lot of stuff packed into can

Not Dense Dense

Other Physical Properties of Matter

• Color• Smell• Taste• Texture• Flexibility• Malleability• Conductivity

• Reflectance• Ductility• Viscosity (if a liquid)• Boiling point• Freezing Point• Phase at Room

Temperature