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Octadecanoic acid, compd. with 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol (1:1) (cas 216583-60-7)MSDSPerformance Products

Metalworking Chemicals Product Information Huntsman Metalworking Chemicals

Table of Contents Huntsman Capabilities Huntsman Products

Amines for the Metalworking Industry . . . . . . . . . .4 Comparison of Important Properties DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent Bis-(hydroxyethyl) methyl amine (BHEMA) SURFONAMINE? MW-781 Amine XTA-771 Ethanolamines Other Amines

Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry . . . . . .29 Alkylphenol Ethoxylates Alcohol Alkoxylates EO/PO Block Copolymers Alcohol Ethoxylates Fatty Acid and Castor Oil Ethoxylates Phosphate Esters Formulated Emulsifiers

Other Products for the Metalworking Industry . . .45 Alkylate H-230L JEFFOX? WL-series Functional Fluids Glycols

Regional Product Offerings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Contact Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

DEHSCOFIX?, DGA?, DIGLYCOLAMINE?, EMPICOL?, EMPILAN?, EMPIPHOS?, JEFFAMINE?, JEFFOX?, LAUREX?, POGOL?, SURFOL?, SURFONAMINE?, and SURFONIC? are registered trademarks of Huntsman Corporation or an affiliate thereof in one or more, but not all, countries.

DMDGA?? is a trademark of Huntsman Corporation of an affiliate thereof in one or more, but not all, countries.

CORFREE? is a trademark of Invista North America.

TEFLON? is a trademark of E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company.

VITON? is a trademark of DuPont Dow Elastomers LLC.

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1 SECTION 1

Introduction

Huntsman Capabilities our products worldwide, assisted by an extensive distributor network. Huntsman is committed to producing a broad range of the highest quality amines, surfactants and related Huntsman is an innovative supplier. With the support chemicals for the metalworking industry, and is the of state of the art research, development and pilot logical choice to be your key supplier for the formulation facilities we will work closely with you to help of your metalworking fluids. formulate products that meet your exacting needs. Huntsman is an integrated supplier, producing not only Huntsman Products the finished amines and surfactants but many of the Huntsman manufactures a broad range of amines, basic raw materials used to manufacture those products. surfactants, and related products essential in formulating metalworking fluids. Table 1.1 lists Huntsman is a global supplier, manufacturing primary application areas for each of the product products for the metalworking industry in the United types. Similar tables including trademarked product States, Australia, and multiple European countries. names by region can be found in Section 5. Our skilled and knowledgeable sales force markets

2 Introduction

Table 1.1 - Huntsman Products for the Metalworking Industry

Hard Water Tolerance Aids Metal Cleaning Aids Corrosion Inhibitors

Anti-mist Additives Lubricity Additives Alkalinity Control

Coupling Agents

Anti-Foamants

Intermediates Emulsifiers Product

Primary Amines

Tertiary Amines

Polyetheramines

Linear Alcohols

Alcohol Ethoxylates

Alcohol Alkoxylates

Alkylphenol Ethoxylates

Fatty Acid Ethoxylates

Castor Oil Ethoxylates

EO/PO Block and Reverse Block Copolymers

Phosphate Esters

Sodium Isethionate

Functional Fluids

Glycols

Glycol Ethers

3 SECTION 2

Amines for the Metalworking Industry

Huntsman is a major integrated supplier of amines, metalworking. A comparison of cobalt leaching by many of which have application in the metalworking commonly used metalworking amines is plotted in industry. We have developed and continue to support Figure 2.2. our amine process technologies in fully equipped laboratories and pilot facilities in the United States The pH measurements on solutions of various amines at and Europe. This section demonstrates our ongoing several different concentrations in water are given in Table commitment to our amine customers in the 2.4. These data are indicative of the relative efficiency of metalworking industry. the amines as alkalinity control agents. Generally, DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent is less alkaline than MEA and Included in Section 2 is information on various MIPA. It is somewhat more alkaline than either DEA or amines commonly used in the metalworking industry. DIPA (diispropanolamine). The first part of this section contains comparison data for these amines while the last part of this Titration curves are presented for several of the more section individually discusses several Huntsman common metalworking amines with some of the more amines used in the metalworking industry. These common metalworking acids in Figures 2.3, 2.4 and 2.5. products include DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent, bis- (hydroxyethyl) methyl amine (BHEMA), SURFON- Boric acid is a well-known component of metalworking

AMINE? MW-781 amine, triethanolamine (TEA), fluids, which imparts both corrosion resistance and diethanolamine (DEA), and others. enhanced biostability. Both salts and condensates of boric acid with a variety of amines have been employed. Comparison of Important Properties Data in the literature suggest that the boric acid adduct of DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent is quite effective in maintaining A list of amines commonly used in metalworking is pH and resisting biodegradation (Table 2.5). given in Table 2.1, with Huntsman product offerings highlighted. Table 2.2 further discusses commonly Published information (Table 2.6) comparing the tendency used amines in metalworking, listing the CAS to form N-nitrosoamines in prototype synthetic and semi- numbers, as well as regulatory information. synthetic cutting fluids shows a pronounced tendency to form these carcinogenic materials from secondary amines Volatility is an important consideration in metalworking like DEA and diisopropanolamine (DIPA). Primary amines, applications where misting is a concern. Data like DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent, do not show this tendency. included in Table 2.3 and Figure 2.1 illustrate the low volatility of Huntsman products, such as Another important aspect in metalworking is corrosion. DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent, monoethanolamine (MEA), Aluminum staining/corrosion data is compared in Tables DEA, TEA and BHEMA, relative to other amines 2.7, 2.8, and 2.9. Figure 2.6 compares magnesium commonly used in metalworking applications. staining by various amines. Cobalt leaching is another important factor in

4 Amines for the Metalworking Industry

Table 2.1 - Amines for Metalworking Physical Properties DGA? Agent MEA AMP MIPA DEA DIPA TEA BHEMA APM

Amine Type Primary Primary Primary Primary Secondary* Secondary* Tertiary Tertiary Prim/Tert

Appearance Clear and free of suspended material

Color, Pt-Co <15 <15 <15 <15 <15 <15 <15 <15 <15

Equivalent Weight 105 61 94 75 105 133 149 119 144**

pKa, 20??C 9.45 10.03 9.82 9.40 8.88 8.70 7.76 8.59 10.04

pH, 5% aqueous solution 11.30 11.56 11.46 11.40 10.98 10.84 10.38 10.79 11.59

Boiling Point, ??C, 760 mmHg 223 171 165 158 268 246 340 247 224

Vapor Pressure, 20??C, mmHg 0.004 0.4 0.7 0.6 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <1

Freezing Point, ??C -12.5 10 30 (dry) 25 28 44 21 -21 <-45

Flash Point, ??C 124 95 78 71 149 260 202 126 86

Viscosity, cSt, 30??C 20 18.9 90 23 352 870 429 56

Environmental, Health & Safety Concerns

Dermal LD50, mg/kg >3000 1025 >2000 1600 >3000 >3000

Oral LD50, mg/kg 2560 2100 2900 2700 1410 >2000

Acute Fish LC50, mg/l 460 >500 331 220-460 0.1 >450

Acute Daphnia EC50, mg/l 190 >100 193 108 55 1530

Acute Algae IC50, mg/l 160 7.5??75 520 23 >10 169

Mutagenic No No No No (*) (*) No No

Dermal Sensitizer No No No No No No No No

WGK Classification 1 1 ?? 1 1 1 1 1

Data sources: Huntsman, literature * Secondary amines prone to N-nitrosamine formation Huntsman products in bold type. **Equivalent weight is for primary amine function only

5 SECTION 2


Table 2.2 - Common Amine Components of Metalworking Fluid Formulations European U.S. DOT Packing Exposure CAS# Classification Classification Group Limits Authority

DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol 929-06-6 Corrosive Corrosive III None ??

MIPA Isopropanolamine 78-96-6 Corrosive Corrosive II None ??

AMP amino methyl propanol alternative 124-68-5 Irritant None ?? None ??

BHEMA Bis-(hydroxyethyl)methylamine 105-59-9 Irritant None ?? None ??

TEA Triethanolamine 102-71-6 None None ?? 5 mg/m3 TWA ACGIH TLV

DEA Diethanolamine 111-42-2 Irritant None ?? 15 mg/m3 TWA ACGIH TLV

MEA Monoethanolamine 141-43-5 Harmful Corrosive III 6 mg/m3 TWA OSHA PEL


Table 2.3 - Relative Volatility of Selected Amines Used in Metalworking Vapor Pressure, mmHg Boiling Point,??C, Flash Point, 20??C 100??C 150??C 760 mmHg ??C

DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent 0.004 5.5 68.5 223 124

MEA 0.2 48.2 387 171 95

MIPA 0.5 79.8 560 158 71

AMP 0.7 59 457 165 ??

Figure 2.1 - Volatility of Some Common Metalworking Amine Solutions* Amine in Vapor Phase (Wt%)

*Plots correspond to a 10 wt% aqueous amine sample and were constructed using data obtained in vapor-liquid equilibrium determinations.

7 SECTION 2


Figure 2.2 - Cobalt Leaching by Commonly Used Metalworking Amines*

*Samples are 1 wt% aqueous solutions of amine containing 1500 ppm cobalt powder. The pH of each solution is adjusted to the desired pH level with acetic acid. Dissolved cobalt is measured after 21 days.


Table 2.4 - pH of Metalworking Amines as a Function of Concentration at 25??C1 Amine Concentrate (wt%) 5 10 15 20

DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol 11.30 11.57 11.74 11.86

MEA Monoethanolamine 11.56 11.79 11.94 12.03

JEFFAMINE? D-400 Polyetheramine 11.00 11.19 11.27 11.35

AMP amino methyl propanol alternative 11.40 11.69 11.84 11.95

MIPA Monoisopropanolamine 11.40 11.66 11.81 11.95

DEA Diethanolamine 10.98 11.18 11.31 11.38

DIPA Diisopropanolamine 10.84 10.90 10.97 11.02

TEA Triethanolamine 10.38 10.61 10.73 10.80

BHEMA Bis-(hydroxyethyl)methylamine 10.79 10.97 11.07 11.13

DMDGATM Aminoalcohol N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-aminoethoxy)-ethanol 11.12 11.87 11.47 11.58

APM Aminopropylmorpholine 11.59 11.87 12.05 12.23

pH data was determined using a pre-calibrated Beckman 12pH Meter and Cole Parmer sealed combination electrode with a silver/silver chloride reference 1

electrode. Solutions were allowed to equilibrate 10 minutes prior to measurement.

9 SECTION 2


Figure 2.3 - Titration Curves of Various Metalworking Amines with Decanoic Acid

Figure 2.4 - Titration Curves of Metalworking Amines with Isononaoic Acid


Figure 2.5 - Titration Curves of Metalworking Amines with CORFREE? M1 Corrosion Inhibitor

mL of 5% amine solution

Table 2.5 - pH Stability of Boric Acid Derivative of Aminoalcohols1 pH Initial 6 days 12 days 18 days 30 days % Change

Adduct with DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent Odor 10.20 10.18 10.08 10.05 10.01 -1.9 none none none none none

Adduct with MEA Odor 10.0 9.98 9.80 9.70 9.60 -10.0 none none none weak weak

Adduct with DEA Odor 10.41 10.36 10.21 10.07 9.99 -4.0 none none none none none

Adduct with TEA Odor 10.10 10.08 10.05 10.02 9.80 -2.2 none none none none none

??Antimicrobial Properties of the Products from the Reaction of Various Aminoalcohols and Boric Anhydride?? 1

S. Wantanabe, T. Fujita, M. Sakamoto, and W. Aono Materials Chemistry and Physics, Volume 19 (1988), pp 191-195

11 SECTION 2


Table 2.6 - Nitrosoamine Formation in Synthetic and Semi-Synthetic Cutting Fluids Semi-synthetic Cutting Fluid1 ppb Nitrosoamine

Secondary Amine DEA 336 Diisopropanol Amine 414

Primary Amine MEA 14 Monoisopropanol Amine 18 DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent 24

Tertiary Amine TEA 113

Control 9

Synthetic Cutting Fluid2 ppb Nitrosoamine

Secondary Amine DEA 609,000

Primary Amine MEA None detected DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent None detected

Conditions: 5% emulsion, 50 ppm Na nitrite, 60??C, 1 week 1

Reference: J. H??bner in T + S Tribologie und Schmierungstechnik, 3, 1996 Literature: R.N. Loeppky, T.J. Hansen, and L.K. Keefter, Food and Chemical Toxicology, Vol. 21, 607-613, 1993 2

Nitrite-free cutting fluid after exposure to nitric oxide in air for three hours

Table 2.7 - Aluminum Staining/Corrosion Summary of Results ?? Aluminum staining/corrosion is pH dependent ?? Aluminum staining/corrosion is also dependent on the presence of other common additives (such as fatty acids) ?? Tests run at pH=8.8 suggest that DGA? Agent may provide an advantage over other amines ?? Solutions of TEA showed much more significant staining/corrosion than any other amines tested ?? Test time was 24 hours at ambient temperature ?? Corrosion documented by weighing the test coupons before and after the test; dissolved Al in solution measured by ICP


Table 2.8 - Aluminum Staining/Corrosion

Dissolved Al (ppm) Amine* Al 7075 Al 6061 Al 2024 Al 390

DGA? Agent 5 5.5 7.6 9

AMP 9 7.9 12 11.5

TEA 155 195 235 215

XTA-771 11 9.3 14 14

BHEMA 7.2 4.8 8.6 9

DEA 7.9 9.3 10 11

MEA ?? ?? ?? 10

Blank <1 <1 <1 <1

* 2.5 weight % aqueous solution of amine; pH adjusted with acetic acid

13 SECTION 2


Table 2.9 - Aluminum Staining/Corrosion with Fatty Acid Amine Dissolved Al (ppm) Isononanoic acid salt* Al 7075 Al 6061 Al 2024 Al 390

DGA? Agent 2.6 3.4 5 3.9

AMP 3.6 3.4 3.7 2.2

TEA 10 30 3.7 2.2

XTA-771 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.2

BHEMA 2.2 3.0 <1 <1

DEA 2.5 <1 1.2 <1

MEA 1.9 <1 2.6 <1

Blank 4.1 <1 6.7 6.0

* 2.5 weight % aqueous solution of salt (1:1); pH adjusted with KOH

Figure 2.6 - Effect of Amines on Magnesium % Wt Loss From Coupons


DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent

DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent is an essentially colorless, Table 2.13 lists the countries with DIGLYCOLAMINE?

slightly viscous liquid. The product is a non-volatile Agent registrations. Table 2.14 lists TSCA registrations primary amine with a low tendency to leach cobalt, for amides and salts of DGA? Agent. aluminum, or copper. Features and benefits of DGA? Agent are listed in Table 2.10. A comparison of hard water tolerance of salts of neodecanoic acid with either DGA? agent or DEA is DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent has an excellent toxicity presented in Table 2.15. profile as summarized in Table 2.11. Numerous physical properties of DGA? Agent are listed in Table 2.12.

Table 2.10 - Features and Benefits of DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent in Metalworking Features Benefits

?? Primary Amine ?? DEA free ?? Isomeric with DEA ?? Reacts readily with acids to form amides and salts ?? Inventory listed (TSCA, EINECS, MITI, DSL, AICS) ?? Stoichiometrically equivalent to DEA ?? Used commercially in U.S. and Europe as DEA replacement ?? Readily available globally ?? Huntsman manufactures in U.S. and Europe ?? Minimal disposal problems ?? Low toxicity profile ?? Reduced volatility and respiratory concerns; Good cold weather handling ?? Non-mutagenic ?? Similar to DEA in providing buffering capacity ?? Non-dermal sensitizer ?? Amides provide lubricity, emulsification, hard water stability ?? Lower volatility, higher boiling and flash points than other DEA substitutes ?? Lower freezing points than other DEA substitutes ?? Provides buffering and corrosion protection ?? Lime-tolerant ?? Readily forms amides

15 SECTION 2


Table 2.11 - DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent Toxicity Profile Mammalian Toxicity

Oral LD50 2.56 g/kg in rats; considered slightly toxic by ingestion (1991).

Dermal LD50 Greater than 3.0 g/kg in rabbits; considered practically non-toxic by dermal absorption (1990).

Dermal Irritation Draize dermal irritation score in rabbits is 8.0 of 8.0; considered to be a dermal corrosive (1992).

Ocular Irritation Due to dermal corrosivity, an ocular irritation study is considered to be inappropriate and has not been performed. Draize ocular irritation score (rabbit) is estimated to be 50 to 80/100; considered to be severely irritating/corrosive to the eyes.

Dermal Sensitization Not a sensitizer in guinea pigs when induced and challenged at 105 using the Beuhler study protocol (1991).

Genetic Toxicity

Ames Assay Negative with and without metabolic activation in a plate incorporation assay, using concentrations up to 10,000 ug/plate in Salmonella tester strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537, and TA 1538 (1982).

UDS Assay Negative at culture concentrations up to 1% in DMSO. This concentration was the maximum non-cytotoxic dosage under the test protocol (1982).

Cell Transformation Test Negative at culture concentration up to 1563 nl/ml. This concentration was the maximum non-cytotoxic dosage under the test protocol (1982).


Table 2.12 - Physical Properties of DIGYCOLAMINE? Agent Boiling point, ??C , 760 mmHg 221

Critical constants* Critical temperature, ??C 401.40 Critical pressure, psi 42.98 Critical density, g/cc 0.322

Density, g/ml 60??F 1.0585 77??F 1.0508

Flash point, ??F, PMCC 255

Freezing point, ??C -12.5

Heat of vaporization, 760 mmHg, Btu/lb 219.14

Ionization constant, 25??C, KD 3.6 x 10-5

Refractive index, nD, 20??C 1.4598

Specific gravity, 20/20??C 1.0560

Specific heat of liquid, Btu/lb/??F 60??F 0.571 180??F 0.623

Thermal conductivity, 68??F, Btu/hr, sq ft, ??F/ft 0.121

Vapor pressure, 68??F, mmHg 0.004*

Viscosity, 60??F, cp 40

Weight, 60??F, lb/gal 8.8

* calculated

Table 2.13 - DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent Registrations Country Inventory CAS#

United States TSCA 929-06-6 Europe EINECS 213-195-5 Canada DSL 929-06-6 Australia AICS 929-06-6 Japan MITI (2)-3202 Korea ECL 2-709

17 SECTION 2


Table 2.14 - DIGLYCOLAMINE? Amide and Salt Registrations Inventory PMN# Amides CAS#

TSCA 99-350 DGA? Amide of Neodecanoic acid 212335-62-1

TSCA 99-351 DGA? Amide of Coco Fatty acid 212335-59-6

TSCA 99-352 DGA? Amide of Dodecanoic acid 20138-28-7

TSCA 99-353 DGA? Amide of Decanoic acid 158948-13-1

TSCA 99-358 DGA? Amide of Castor-oil Fatty acid 212335-58-5

Testing Required 99-354 DGA? Amide of Tall Oil Fatty acid 213702-37-5

Testing Required 99-355 DGA? Amide of Octadecanoic acid 32425-87-9

Testing Required 99-356 DGA? Amide of Isooctadecanoic acid 212335-61-0

Testing Required 99-357 DGA? Amide of Soya Fatty acid 212335-57-4

Salts

TSCA 99-544 DGA? Salt of Tall Oil Fatty acid 216593-48-5

TSCA 99-545 DGA? Salt of Octadecanoic acid 216583-60-7

TSCA 99-546 DGA? Salt of Isooctadecanoic acid 216583-91-4

TSCA 99-547 DGA? Salt of Soya Fatty acid 216593-49-6

TSCA 99-548 DGA? Salt of Castor-oil Fatty acid 216593-54-3

TSCA 99-583 DGA? Salt of Coco Fatty acid 216593-55-4

TSCA 99-584 DGA? Salt of Dodecanoic acid 78543-39-2

TSCA 99-585 DGA? Salt of Neodecanoic acid 216853-95-8

TSCA 99-586 DGA? Salt of Decanoic acid 216583-94-7

TSCA 99-587 DGA? Salt of Nonanoic acid 216583-66-3

TSCA 99-588 DGA? Salt of Boric acid 124756-59-8

TSCA 01-308 DGA? Salt of Dodecanedioic acid 292601-80-0

TSCA 01-309 DGA? Salt of Undecanedioic acid 292601-81-1

TSCA 01-310 DGA? Salt of Decanedioic acid 292601-82-2

TSCA 01-307 DGA? Salt of CORFREE? M1 inhibitor 292849-36-6

TSCA 01-311 DGA? Salt of 3,5,5-Trimethyl-hexanoic acid 292601-83-3


Table 2.15 - Hard Water Tolerance of Neodecanoic Acid Salts of DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent vs. DEA Hardness, ppm 0 114 342 1000

Temperature, 25??C DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent C C C C

DEA C C SH SH

Temperature, 60??C DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent C C C C DEA C SH SH SH

Notes: Salts used at 1% level Acid type influences hard water tolerance C = Clear SH = Slight Haze

19 SECTION 2


DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent

Data comparing the physical properties of DGA? vapor pressure of DGA? Agent indicate DGA? Agent Agent and another commonly used metalworking is a less volatile amine. This could be an important amine are given in Table 2.16. Both products are factor where misting and odor are concerns. Both relatively strong amines with about the same amines have similar toxicity profiles. equivalent weight. The boiling point, flash point, and

Table 2.16 - DGA? Agent Physical Properties Physical Properties DGA? Agent AMP

Amine type Primary Primary

Equivalent weight 105 93.7

Boiling point, ??C, 760 mmHg 223 165

Vapor Pressure, 20??C, mmHg 0.004 0.08

Freezing Point, ??C -12.5 -2

Viscosity, cSt, 10??C 63 561 25??C 27 147

pH, 5% aqueous solution 11.3 11.4

Flash point, ??C 124 78

Environmental, Health, and Safety

Dermal LD50, mg/kg >3000 >2000

Oral LD50, mg/kg 2560 2900

Acute fish LC50, mg/l 460 331

Acute daphnia EC50, mg/l 190 193

Acute algae IC50, mg/l 160 520

Mutagenic No No

Dermal Sensitizer No No


Because AMP is a slightly stronger amine than DGA? available for buffering. Inclusion of TEA will increase Agent, it gives a directionally higher pH in solution the amount of amine present without appreciably (Table 2.17). When these amines are used to provide increasing the pH. The effect of blending TEA with reserve alkalinity (buffering), we recommend the either DGA? Agent or AMP on pH and alkalinity of 5% inclusion of a weaker amine like TEA (Triethanolamine). aqueous solutions is given in Table 2.17. The data Reserve alkalinity is a function of the amount of amine indicate AMP is a more basic amine giving a present. With strong amines, less amine is required to directionally lower reserve alkalinity with TEA than reach a given pH target, hence reducing the amount DGA? Agent with TEA.

Table 2.17 - pH and Reserve Alkalinity of 5% Aqueous Amine Solutions pH Reserve Alkalinity 1

TEA 10.4 ??

DGA? Agent 11.3 17.8

AMP 11.4 16.8

DGA? Agent/TEA (2.5%/2.5%) 11.1 21.6

AMP/TEA (2.5%/2.5%) 11.3 20.6

As neodecanoic acid salt (ASTM D1121) 1

The breakpoints obtained from iron chip corrosion tests DGA? Agent, 13.35 weight % AMP, and 9.27 weight % on borate salts of DGA? Agent and AMP are provided boric acid. The pH of all solutions was 10.1. The tests in Table 2.18. DGA? Agent and AMP are seen to be were run according to ASTM D4627-92, utilizing 10 equivalent in their effect on corrosion of cast iron chips dilutions of the test solutions in calcium chloride water. A as defined by the ASTM D4627 test. second set of tests were also performed by making the dilutions using calcium chloride water containing 10 times The test solutions were made up of 1:1 amine/boric acid, at the standard method concentration. There was no 1.5M concentration. This corresponds to 15.75 weight % observable effect on the breakpoints.

Table 2.18 - Amine Borate Chip Rust Test Results Amine Breakpoint Breakpoint (10X)

DGA? Agent/Borate 4.0 4.0

DGA? Agent/Borate - repeat 4.0 4.0

AMP/Borate 4.0 4.0

AMP/Borate - repeat 4.0 4.0

21 SECTION 2


DGA? Agent and AMP have a similar cobalt leaching solutions of the neodecanoic acid salts of both amines, profile, while DGA? Agent is better toward copper are essentially equivalent. (Table 2.19). Foam properties, as measured on 1%

Table 2.19* - Cobalt and Copper Leaching Comparison Co Cu

DI water (control) 11.0 0

DGA? Agent 24.4 107.5

AMP 17.8 207.5

*Angus Chemical Company data

Electrochemical tests1 were performed to measure the Corrosion of carbon steel was very low, at an average corrosion rate of aluminum and carbon steel in amine- of 0.05 mpy. The data are given in the table below. We borate solutions. The corrosion rate of aluminum in the conclude on the basis of this testing there are no presence of only the amine borates or amine borates difference in the corrosion protection for aluminum and and KOH, used to adjust to a constant pH, was steel provided by the amine borates prepared from moderate, in the range of 2.4 to 6.0 mpy. There was DGA? Agent, DEA, and AMP. essentially no difference among the three amines.

Table 2.20 - Aluminum Corrosion Rates Amine Salt pH Aluminum (mpy) Steel (mpy)

DGA? Agent Borate 9.6 4.9 ?? 0.3 0.040 ?? 0.012

DEA Borate 9.3 2.7 ?? 0.3 0.060 ?? 0.016

AMP Borate 9.8 5.4 ?? 0.6 0.040 ?? 0.0006

DGA? Agent Borate 10.1 3.2 ?? 0.9 Not determined

DEA Borate 10.1 5.8 ?? 1.9 Not determined

AMP Borate 10.1 3.8 ?? 1.2 Not determined

The amines were prepared as 1:1 mole ratio salts with boric acid at a concentration of 0.1M. The solutions were tested at the as-prepared pH (shown in Table 2.20) 1

and also at a pH value of 10.1, adjusted using KOH. The corrosion rates were measured using electrochemical polarization resistance over a four-hour period. Aluminum alloy 7075 (UNS A97075) and 1020 carbon steel were freshly polished before each test. All tests were performed at room temperature (22??C) under continuous aeration and with moderate stirring.


Handling, Storage and Shipping of DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent

General area to heat the tank contents using low-pressure steam should be built into the tank about six inches above the floor. The coils should be constructed in such a manner

The handling and storage of DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent as to allow the condensate to drain. Stainless steel coils present no unusual problems. Huntsman Corporation??s are preferred, particularly when low color Technical Services team is available to assist those DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent is important. If steam heat is persons desiring additional information. to be used continuously to prevent high viscosities or Maintaining Specifications freezing, a temperature regulator that throttles either the steam or condensate should be installed. DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent is hygroscopic and will In situations where the ambient temperature is low, tank absorb water vapor when exposed to a moist insulation is desirable. Asphalt-cork or urethane foam atmosphere. If water content is to be minimized, a dry insulation sprayed onto the outer wall is satisfactory. If inert gas pad under a few ounces of pressure should be a nitrogen pad is used, pressure relief and vacuum relief used on the storage tanks. A gas pad should also be valves of a suitable capacity should be installed. The used if low color is important, since absorbed system may consist of a cylinder of nitrogen, a pressure atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide will cause reducing valve, a pressure relief valve, and a line to the DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent to develop color. Since top of the storage tank. Tankage should be diked and DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent is basic, it will react with electrically bonded and grouped. acidic gases; hence carbon dioxide and natural gas containing acidic sulfur compounds cannot be used. Transfer Lines Nitrogen is quite suitable.

Carbon steel transfer lines at least two inches in diameter The solvent properties and alkaline nature of and joined by welds or flanges are suitable. Screwed DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent should also be considered joints are subject to failure unless back-welded because when installing handling and storage facilities. DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent will leach conventional pipe DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent may react with copper to dopes. U.S. Rubber 899 gasket material, polypropylene, form complex salts. The use of copper and alloys Teflon? elastomer, or their equivalents are satisfactory for containing copper should be avoided in equipment that use with flanged connections in DIGLYCOLAMINE? will contact DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent or its aqueous Agent service. Avoid the use of nitrile rubbers such as solutions. Carbon steel storage tanks constructed neoprene, Buna-N or Viton? rubber. according to a recognized code are generally satisfactory. In cases where low color is important, If the ambient temperature is below 20??F, the transfer stainless steel is preferred. line for the pure product should be steam traced and insulated. Steam tracing can be accomplished by DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent is not compatible with affixing copper tubing of approximately 3/8-inch phenolic resin linings. Steam coils with sufficient surface

23 SECTION 2


diameter to the underside of the line, insulating the tube constructed of welded carbon steel and have bottom- to the line, and using low-pressure steam in the tubing. unloading fittings and steam coils. For flexible connections, stainless steel hose is preferred to rubber since rubber will generally deteriorate in Deliveries can also be made in insulated, stainless steel, DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent service and increase the full or compartmented tank wagons with steam coils. If color of the product with time and temperature. requested, tank wagons can be equipped with unloading pumps and hoses. Systems that are insulated and steam traced should be preheated in cool weather before being put into Drums of DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent can be shipped in service. Normally, 15 to 30 minutes of applying steam truckload or less-than-truckload quantities. The net to the tubing will adequately warm, but not overheat, weight of a drum is 480 pounds; the gross weight is the system. approximately 519 pounds per drum. Drums are UN1A1 or UN1H1, nonreturnable. Transfer piping and pumps may be equipped with a nitrogen padding system so the DIGLYCOLAMINE? Under U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and Agent can be pressured out of the lines when an Canadian Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG) extended idle period is contemplated. This practice regulations, the proper shipping name for will help losses and color increases that would result if DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent is ??2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol??, the DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent were allowed to remain identification number UN 3055. This product is considered in the lines. a corrosive material (TDG hazard class 8) and requires a ??CORROSIVE?? label for shipping. Shipping Information For further information, please refer to the Material Delivery ofDIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent can be made in Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). 10,000 and 20,000-gallon tank cars. These cars are


BHEMA

BHEMA is a low-volatility tertiary amine which may summarized in Table 2.21. Toxicity and be useful as an alternative to TEA. It has low acute environmental profiles are presented in Tables 2.22 toxicity, and low nitrosamine potential. These and 2.23. Registration information for salts of features, as well as other features of BHEMA are BHEMA are listed in Table 2.24.

Table 2.21 - Features and Benefits of BHEMA Features Benefits

?? Alternative to TEA ?? Low volatility, which reduces airborne exposure ?? Low mammalian and aquatic toxicity ?? Not classified as corrosive under DOT ?? Low potential for nitrosamine formation ?? Shows lower tendency to stain than TEA ?? Effective in single amine formulations ?? Slightly stronger base and lower molecular weight than TEA, so less amine is required for pH development ?? Good reserve alkalinity ?? Good copper and cobalt leaching characteristics

Table 2.22 - BHEMA Toxicity Profile Test Result Interpretation

Dermal LD50 - Rabbit >2000 mg/kg Practically nontoxic

Dermal Irritation - Rabbit None -> slightly irritating

Eye Irritation - Rabbit Irritating BHEMA is alkaline.

90-day subchronic dermal study - rat LOAEL: 250 mg/kg/d Effects limited to skin effects from irritation NOAEL: 100 mg/kg/d

Genotoxicity Negative In-vivo and in-vitro studies

Data Source: IUCLID monograph

25 SECTION 2


Table 2.23 - BHEMA Environmental Profile Test Value Interpretation

Octanol:water partition coefficient (log Kow) -1.08 Very water soluble; low bioaccumulation potential

Fish Toxicity 3 species LC50 760-2000 mg/l Practically nontoxic

Invertabrate Toxicity (Daphnia) EC50 230 mg/l Practically nontoxic

Algal Tox EC50 26-45 mg/l EPA slightly toxic


Table 2.24 - BHEMA Salt Registrations TSCA, DSL and EINECS Registrations Pending Inventory PMN# Salts CAS#

TSCA P-05-782 BHEMA Salt of CORFREE? M1 inhibitor 843644-84-8

TSCA P-05-787 BHEMA Salt of Tall Oil Fatty Acids 843644-82-6

TSCA P-05-789 BHEMA Salt of Neodecanoic Acid 842129-84-4

TSCA P-05-786 BHEMA Salt of Nonanoic Acid 842126-27-6

TSCA P-05-788 BHEMA Salt of Decanoic Acid 842126-13-0



SURFONAMINE? MW-781 Amine

SURFONAMINE? MW-781 amine is butoxypropyl benefits are discussed in Table 2.25. Figure 2.7

amine. It is a water white liquid with a low viscosity displays the physical properties for SURFONAMINE? and very low molecular weight. More features and MW-781 amine.

Table 2.25 - Features and Benefits of SURFONAMINE? MW-781 Amine Features Benefits

?? Strong primary amine (7.6 meq/g total amine) ?? Multipurpose additive for synthetic and semi-synthetic formulations ?? Possible candidate for Borate production ?? Viscosity is 2 cSt; Melting point is -47oC ?? Very low molecular weight (131 g/mol) ?? Has surfactant properties; coupling agent/solubilizer (somewhat foamy ?? Inventory listed (TSCA, ENICS, NDSL) if neutralized to a low pH) ?? Possible vapor-phase corrosion inhibitor

SURFONAMINE? MW-781 Amine Physical Properties Figure 2.7 -

27 SECTION 2


Ethanolamines

The ethanolamines used for metalworking are MEA years in metalworking applications. MEA and TEA are (Monoethanolamine), DEA (Diethanolamine), and TEA often used in combination with each other. MEA has a (Triethanolamine). DEA has been used for a number of high pH and TEA has a low pH.

Other Amines

Some other metalworking amines that can be used polyoxypropylenediamine, JEFFAMINE? D-400 include XTA-771, JEFFAMINE? D-2000 polyoxypropylenediamine, and JEFFAMINE? T-403 polyoxypropylenediamine, JEFFAMINE? D-230 polyetheramine.

XTA-771

XTA-771 is a polyoxyalkylene amine with three and benefits are listed in Table 2.26. primary amine groups per molecule. The features

Table 2.26 - Features and Benefits of XTA-771 ?? Low tendency to leach cobalt from tooling ?? Low tendency to leach copper ?? Provides added lubricity ?? Three primary amine groups per molecule

JEFFAMINE? D-2000 Polyoxypropylenediamine

JEFFAMINE? D-2000 polyoxypropylenediamine acts as and benefits are listed in Table 2.27. a defoamer in metalworking applications. The features

Table 2.27 - Features and Benefits of JEFFAMINE? D-2000 Amine ?? Hydrophobic amine ?? Gives defoaming performance in semi-synthetic, but especially synthetic formulations ?? Fatty acids amides of JEFFAMINE? D-2000 amine may work even better

28 SECTION 3

Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry

Alkylphenol Ethoxylates

Nonylphenol Ethoxylates ?? SURFONIC? N Series Surfactants

The main area of application in metalworking fluids for Nonylphenol ethoxylates are also widely used in metal the SURFONIC N series surfactants is in the cleaning compounds, where they act to scavenge emulsification of oils. Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) residual fluids, to enhance wetting and rinsing of parts, are highly effective materials for formulating soluble and to disperse swarf left on parts. Formulations based oil, semisynthetic and metal cleaning compounds. on NPEs can be used to clean parts from stamping and These surfactants have excellent emulsification forming operations where they help to disperse waxy properties when used with naphthenic and paraffinic carriers left from the lubricant. oils. In general two or three ethoxylates of different Hydrophile/Lipophile Balance (HLB) are blended in The wetting performance of the SURFONIC N series order to get the best emulsification, especially when products as a function of ethylene oxide (EO) content is formulating products for high hard water tolerance. illustrated in Figures 3.1 and 3.2. The maximum wetting Higher HLB products will improve hard water performance of the water-soluble SURFONIC N series tolerance and hinder soft water tolerance. products is seen with products containing 8.5 - 9.5 moles of EO per mole of nonylphenol. (Fig. 3.1) Combinations of NPEs such as SURFONIC products Products containing 15 or more moles of EO are useful N-95 with N-40 or N-102 with N-60 are excellent as dispersants for graphite, metal cuttings and the like. starting points for formulation work. The nonylphenol ethoxylates tend to have lower foam and lower pour Many cleaning formulations use caustic additives to points than the equivalent alkyl alcohol ethoxylates. The help saponify fatty materials on the substrate. In SURFONIC N series products are biodegradable and order to make NPEs soluble in potassium hydroxide are compatible with sulfonates, fatty acid salts and (KOH), for instance, a phosphate ester can be used. most other metalworking additives. To complete a Figure 3.2 shows the effectiveness of a phosphate formulation, products such as an amide based on ester at solubilizing SURFONIC N-95 surfactant in DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent for corrosion control and KOH solutions. lubricity, PEG esters for lubricity, phosphate esters for extreme pressure (EP) enhancement and amines for The physical and surfactant properties of the alkalinity enhancement can be added. SURFONIC N series products are shown in Table 3.1.

29 SECTION 3


Table 3.1 - SURFONIC? N-Series Nonylphenol Ethoxylates Pour Specific Wetting Ross Miles Solubility ? SURFONIC Appearance Point, Gravity, Viscosity, Cloud Time1, CMC, Foam2, 100 SUS 100 SUS Product at 25??C HLB ??C 25/25??C cPs, 25??C Point seconds ppm mm, Initial Naphthenic Paraffinic Water Function

N-31.5 Clear liquid 7.7 -4 1.01 294 243 8 S S I Emulsifier for soluble oils and semisynthetics

N-40 Clear liquid 8.9 -7 1.026 255 343 10 S S I Emulsifier for soluble oils and semisynthetics

N-60 Clear liquid 10.9 -7 1.041 239 843 12 S I D Emulsifier for soluble oils and semisynthetics

N-85 Clear liquid 12.6 10 1.056 251 444 6.3 47 14 I I S Emulsifier for soluble oils and semisynthetics

N-95 Clear liquid 13.1 4 1.061 293 544 6.4 48 80 I I S Emulsifier for soluble oils & semisynthetics, metal cleaners




N-150 White semisolid 15 23 1.065 306 655 52 100 120 I I S Improves hard water tolerance of soluble oil and semisynthetics

NB-307 Clear liquid 17.1 2 1.02 785 500 I I S Improves hard water tolerance of soluble oil and semisynthetics

NB-407 Clear liquid 17.8 5 1.022 765 I I S Improves hard water tolerance of soluble oil and semisynthetics

0.1% solution, 25??C 0.1% solution, 120??F Water titration, mls H2O to cloud ??C, 1% aqueous solution ??C, 1% surfactant in 10% NaCl 1 2 3 4 5

30 Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry

Figure 3.1 - Draves Wetting Times for Water-Soluble SURFONIC? N Series Products

Figure 3.2 - Effect of Phosphate Ester on Solubility of SURFONIC? N-95 surfactant KOH Solutions

4% SURFONIC? N-95 surfactant in KOH solutions

31 SECTION 3


Octylphenol Ethoxylates ?? SURFONIC? OP Series Surfactants

The SURFONIC OP series surfactants are ethoxylates of and semisynthetic formulations. The SURFONIC OP octylphenol. The properties of octylphenol ethoxylates series products are stable in dilute hydrochloric and (OPEs) are similar to those of nonylphenol ethoxylates phosphoric acids. This characteristic suggests usefulness of similar HLB. in acid cleaning, pickling and phosphating formulations.

Three main application areas exist in metalworking for The physical and surfactant properties of the SURFONIC OPEs: acid-based cleaners, emulsifiers for soluble oils, OP series products are shown in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2 - SURFONIC? OP Series Octylphenol Ethoxylates Pour Specific Wetting Solubility ? SURFONIC Appearance Point, Gravity, Viscosity, Cloud Time1, CMC, 100 SUS 100 SUS Product at 25??C HLB ??C 25/25??C cPs, 25??C Point seconds ppm Naphthenic Paraffinic Water Function

OP-15 Liquid 5.1 -9 0.985 790 152 S S I Oil soluble coupler and defoamer for semisynthetic and soluble oil formulations

OP-35 Liquid 8.6 -23 1.023 370 242 S S I Emulsifier for soluble oil formulations

OP-70 Liquid 12.0 -26 1.054 260 233 3.5 90 S S S Emulsifier for semisynthetic formulations

OP-100 Liquid 13.6 2 1.065 240 663 3.6 200 I I S Emulsifier for semisynthetic formulations. Wetting agent for phosphoric and hydrochloric acids

OP-120 Liquid 14.4 16 1.071 330 584 250 I I S Improves hard water tolerance of soluble oil and semisynthetic formulations

0.1% solution, 25??C Water titration, mls H2O to cloud ??C, 1% aqueous solution ??C, 1% surfactant in 10% NaCl 1 2 3 4


Alcohol Alkoxylates ?? SURFONIC? LF, P and JL Series Surfactants

The SURFONIC? LF and P product families are made The SURFONIC LF and P series products offer a boost up of ethoxylated, propoxylated linear alcohols. The in lubricity, making them multifunctional in semisynthetic choice of alcohol and the addition patterns for ethylene and synthetic formulations. Falex wear data are offered oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) give the on a simple formulation containing several of these alkoxylated products their unique properties. products. When the formulation is changed to include a phosphate ester (SURFONIC PE-2258 surfactant), The alcohol alkoxylates are ideally suited for dramatically improved Falex wear performance is metalworking operations. They tend to have low foam observed. The synergy between the alkoxylated generation characteristics and some products can act nonionic surfactant and the anionic phosphate ester is as defoamers in water-based systems. All of the also observed with the SURFONIC POA block surfactants in this group will solubilize the components copolymer surfactants. By careful selection of the of carboxylate-based corrosion inhibitors in water. phosphate ester and the SURFONIC LF or P series These surfactants are best suited to synthetic and product, it is possible to get emulsification, semisynthetic formulations. Several products such as solubilization, lubricity, extreme pressure characteristics SURFONIC P1 surfactant are also used in soluble oil and corrosion protection in one pair of surfactants. The formulations. SURFONIC LF-18 surfactant is useful in multifunctional nature of these products makes them low-foam semisynthetic cutting fluids. ideal candidates for many metalworking formulations.

SURFONIC P5 surfactant is used in some acid cleaners SURFONIC? JL-80X surfactant is used in some metal and in rinse aid applications. Several of the SURFONIC cleaning operations. The unique structure of this LF series products, particularly SURFONIC LF-37 and product eliminates the gel phase common to alcohol LF-18 surfactants are useful as rinse aid and cleaning ethoxylates in aqueous solutions. This characteristic actives in metal cleaning operations. allows the formulator to blend the surfactant into a formulation without regard to any gelling problems. SURFONIC LF-18 surfactant is used in the production of low-foaming, highly effective microemulsion cleaners The physical and surfactant properties of the using d-Limonene as the solvent phase. Formulations of SURFONIC LF and P series products are shown in this type can be used to remove a variety of Table 3.3. metalworking compounds from metal parts. The formulations have very low foam and can be used in A comparison of the dynamic surface tension spray applications. characteristics of the SURFONIC alcohol alkoxylates is presented in Figure 3.3.

33 SECTION 3


Table 3.3 - SURFONIC? LF, P and JL Series Alcohol Alkoxylates

Falex Wear, 875 pounds Pour Specific Cloud Wetting Formulation A Formulation B Ross Miles Solubility ? SURFONIC Appearance Point, Gravity, Viscosity, Point, ??C Time1, Teeth Wear (T) CMC, Foam Height2, 100 SUS 100 SUS Teeth Wear Product at 25??C HLB ??C 25/25??C cPs, 25??C 1% aq. seconds Torque in-lbs (IP) ppm mm, Initial/ 5 Min. Naphthenic Paraffinic Water Function

LF-17 Clear liquid -12 0.998 96 34 4.8 65 T 6.6 6/0 I I D Wetting agent for 15 IP acid cleaning operations, low foam emulsifier/rinse aid

LF-18 Clear liquid -6 1.013 240 17 22 T 63 5 0/0 I I D Low foam additive for 21 IP semisynthetic and synthetic formulations, active defoamer in metal cleaning operations

LF-37 Clear to -12 0.9904 96 17 18 26 T 82 30 0/0 S I S Low foam emulsifier hazy liquid at 100??F 29 IP for semisynthetic and synthetic formulations

LF-41 Clear to 1.0343 260 37 9.3 75 T 66 34.2 0/0 I I S hazy liquid 17 IP

P1 Clear to 7.0 -30 0.975 90 25 26.9 19 T 89 4.8 0/0 S S S Solubilizer/emulsifier hazy liquid 19 IP for semisynthetic formulations. Emulsifier/ rinse aid for metal cleaners. Low foam. Wetting agent in dilute acid.

P3 Clear to 9.0 -30 0.973 56 35 13.7 13 T 125 4.5 66/11 S I S Rinse aid for cleaners/ hazy liquid 22 IP secondary emulsifier for semisynthetic, wetting agent in dilute acid.

P5 Clear to 10.0 -26 0.985 85 45 15.7 16 T 55 6.2 75/5 S I S Hydrophilic emulsifie hazy liquid 20 IP for semisynthetic, soluble in dilute acid

P6 Clear to 4 1.018 353 26.8 31 T 61 4.9 0/0 I I D Low foam additive for hazy liquid 15 IP semisynthetic and synthetic formulations, active defoamer in metal cleaning operations.

L4-29X Solid 37 1.018 596 75 10 T 84 3.9 I I S High molecular at 100??F 15 IP weight emulsifier for semisynthetic and soluble oils, offers some thickening

JL-80X Clear liquid -5 1.003 51 59 9.8 18 T 83 75/70 I I S Prime surfactant in 22 IP cleaners

0.1% solution, 25??C 0.1% solution, 120??F ??C, 10% in 25% butyl diglycol 1 2 3

Formulation A: 1% TEA, 1% SURFONIC PE-2258 phosphate ester, 1% SURFONIC surfactant, 97% water. Formulation B: 0.17% TEA. 0.15% CORFREE? M-1 inhibitor, 0.07% DGA? Agent, 0.6% SURFONIC surfactant, 99% water.


Figure 3.3 - Dynamic Surface Tension of SURFONIC? Alcohol Alkoxylates Surface Tension, mN/m

Bubble rate, bubbles/second

35 SECTION 3


EO/PO Block Copolymers ?? SURFONIC? POA Series Surfactants

The SURFONIC? POA block copolymers are very useful Synthetic Formulations in a variety of metalworking operations. These products are made by the sequential addition of ethylene oxide Synthetic formulations depend on products like the and propylene oxide. The functional attributes of these SURFONIC POA block copolymers for low-foam products ?? defoaming, wetting, lubricity, solubilization, characteristics, enhanced solubilization of the corrosion emulsification, thickening and dispersion ?? all depend inhibitor salts, and a major part of the system lubricity. on the ratio of ethylene oxide to propylene oxide, the The SURFONIC POA products have an inverse solubility molecular weight of the product and the blocking coefficient, which means that at some temperature, pattern of the molecule. Properties of the SURFONIC known as the cloud point, the nonionic surfactant will POA products are given in Table 3.4. come out of solution and act as an oil. When the temperature drops below the cloud point, the surfactant Soluble Oils becomes soluble again and redissolves into the water. The lubricity offered by many nonionic surfactants is Small amounts of low HLB products such as partly due to the ??oiling out?? phenomenon. The SURFONIC POA-L101 and POA-L61 surfactants can SURFONIC LF and P series products also show be used in soluble oils to promote solubilization of the lubricity effects above the cloud point. Careful selection oil in the concentrate. Under actual use conditions, of SURFONIC POA surfactants for a particular these products can act as defoamers and can boost application can give formulations with low foam, high lubricity, especially in the presence of a phosphate lubricity and high stability. ester. Higher HLB products will improve removal of the soluble oil formulation from parts and equipment. Forming Lubricants

Semisynthetic Formulations In many forming operations it is possible to replace an oil-based lubricant with a simple synthetic formulation. SURFONIC POA-25R2 surfactant is an excellent choice This formulation might contain a SURFONIC POA for use in semisynthetic formulations. It will tend to copolymer, a phosphate ester for extreme pressure lower the foam of the system, promote good lubricity, activity and corrosion protection, and water. This type of and help to solubilize naphthenic oil and carboxylate formulation offers several advantages: the number of corrosion inhibitors. If fine particles are present in the parts that can be formed between die service is system, POA-25R2 can form a weak association with increased, the parts have better surface finish and the the particles and produce a thickening effect, which can formed parts are easier to clean. Many metalworking lead to reduced misting and ??sling.?? operations using oil-based fluids can benefit from substitution with water-based synthetic formulations In semisynthetic formulations, SURFONIC POA-L61 and using the SURFONIC POA series of materials. POA-L101 surfactants offer reduced foam and improved lubricity. SURFONIC POA-L62 surfactant helps with wetting of metal parts.


Table 3.4 - SURFONIC? POA Series Block Copolymers

Falex Wear, 875 pounds Pour Specific Cloud Wetting Formulation A Formulation B Ross Miles Solubility ? SURFONIC Appearance Point, Gravity, Viscosity, Point, ??C Time1, Teeth Wear (T) Foam Height2, 100 SUS 100 SUS Teeth Wear Product at 25??C HLB ??C 25/25??C cPs, 25??C 1% aq. seconds Torque in-lbs (IP) mm, Initial/5 Min. Naphthenic Paraffinic Water Function

POA-L61 Liquid 3 -30 1.017 360 24 10 T 6/0 I I D Defoamer for synthetic 22 IP and semisynthetic fluids. Lubricity enhancement.

POA-L62 Liquid 7 -4 1.04 150 32 60.7 11 T 138 40/10 I I S Active for cleaners. 24 IP Lubricity enhancement.

POA-L62LF Liquid 6.6 -10 1.04 460 28 27.7 11 T 43/5.5 I I S Defoamer and lubricant 22 IP additive.

POA-L101 Liquid 1 -23 1.02 800 15 12 T 0/0 I I S Solubilizer for semisynthetic 24 IP and synthetic fluids.

POA-17R2 Liquid 1.03 2053 35

POA-25R2 Liquid 6.3 -5 1.02 570 30 117 15 T 57 0/0 I I S Lubricant in synthetic 22 IP fluids and solubilizer in semisynthetic fluids.

0.1% solution, 25??C 0.1% solution, 120??F 37.8??C 1 2 3

Formulation A: 1% TEA, 1% SURFONIC PE-2258 phosphate ester, 1% SURFONIC POA surfactant, 97% Water. Formulation B: 0.17% TEA, 0.15% CORFREE? M-1 inhibitor, 0.07% DGA? Agent, 0.6% SURFONIC POA surfactant, 99% Water.

37 SECTION 3


Linear Alcohol Ethoxylates ?? SURFONIC? L Series Surfactants

The SURFONIC? L series linear alcohol ethoxylates are Alcohol ethoxylates with 10-12 or 12-14 carbons and biodegradable, nonionic surfactants produced by the about 6 EO units are prime cleaning agents for addition of ethylene oxide to linear, primary alcohols. metalworking operations. Products in this range, like Their physical appearance at room temperature varies SURFONIC L12-6 surfactant, have the fastest surface from clear liquids to white waxy solids, depending on the dynamics; their nature allows them to migrate to and alcohol used and the degree of ethoxylation. The stabilize new surfaces quickly. This property is illustrated Huntsman line of linear alcohol ethoxylates is made from by the dynamic surface tension measurement (Figure alcohols containing only even carbon numbers in the 3.4). alkyl groups; the structure of these alcohols closely matches that of alcohols from natural sources. Alcohol ethoxylates with 12-14 carbons and 7-12 moles Ethoxylates are made from a blend of the alcohol of EO are used in soluble oil and semisynthetic cutting homologues. It is possible to deduce the product fluids, particularly in paraffinic systems. Typically two composition from the product name; for instance, alcohol ethoxylates are used in a formulation to give a SURFONIC L24-3 surfactant is a blend of C12, C14 and wide range of good emulsification performance. Certain C16 linear alcohols reacted with three moles of ethylene pairs of surfactants compliment each other well in oxide. Properties of the SURFONIC L series products are emulsification applications. A blend of SURFONIC L24- listed in Table 3.5. 9 and SURFONIC L24-4 surfactants in a 1:2 ratio is often an optimal system. Higher EO products like The SURFONIC L series linear alcohol ethoxylates are SURFONIC L24-22 surfactant can be used to improve widely used as emulsifiers, cleaners, penetrants and the hard water tolerance of a formulation and can wetting agents in metalworking formulations. Appropriate improve the dispersibility of graphite or other particles in selection of the alcohol chain length and degree of a metal cleaning formulation. ethoxylation can provide the surfactant properties required for a particular application. At certain water/surfactant ratios, approximately in the 30-70% surfactant range, the alcohol ethoxylates Products with a short alcohol chain and low degree of exhibit a gel phase. In this range, an aqueous surfactant ethoxylation, such as SURFONIC L12-3 surfactant, are system will be a gel at room temperature but will good solubilization agents. In microemulsion cleaners and become an isotropic solution at temperatures above the

semisynthetic cutting fluids, they help to dissolve or gel temperature. Glycol ethers, ethanolamines and ??couple?? oily materials into the water-based formulation. some anionic materials can be added to the system to In some applications they can serve the same function as reduce the gel phase. a glycol ether with the added advantage of having low vapor pressure. In metal cleaning operations, low-mole When formulating with alcohol ethoxylates, one can alcohol ethoxylates are often blended with higher-mole avoid extended mixing times by selecting an ethoxylates to give a formulated product with enhanced appropriate order of addition (add surfactant to water) oil removal, dispersant and emulsification properties. and by using heat during blending.


Table 3.5 - SURFONIC? L Series Linear Alcohol Ethoxylates Pour Specific Wetting Ross Miles Solubility ? SURFONIC Appearance Point, Gravity, Viscosity, Cloud Time1, CMC, Foam Height2, 100 SUS 100 SUS Product at 25??C HLB ??C 25/25??C cPs, 25??C Point seconds ppm mm, Initial/5 Min. Naphthenic Paraffinic Water Function

L12-3 Clear to 9.0 -9 0.932 35 453 S S I hazy liquid

L12-6 Clear to 12.4 10 0.9820 43 505 4.0 91 111/9 S I S Prime wetting agent hazy liquid for water-based metal cleaners.

L12-8 Clear to 13.6 18 1.004 98 805 8.4 118/8 I I S Prime wetting agent hazy liquid in metal cleaners.

L24-2 Clear to 6.2 10 0.903 25 S S I Oil soluble additive hazy liquid for water-based cleaners. Additive for rolling oils.

L24-3 Clear to 8.0 4.4 0.9239 25 453 S S I Oil soluble additive hazy liquid for water-based cleaners and hydrophobic esters.

L24-4 Clear to 9.4 4.4 0.9432 31 813 S S I Oil soluble additive hazy liquid for water-based cleaners and hydrophobic esters.

L24-5 Clear to 10.6 10 0.9626 44 734 S S D Emulsifier for hazy liquid soluble oils.

L24-7 Clear to slightly 11.9 15.6 0.9824 47 505 8.7 16 98/15 S S S Emulsifier for turbid liquid soluble oils.

L24-9 White 13 21 0.9935 61 755 13.9 25 104/10 S I S Emulsifier for semisolid semisynthetic formulations.

L24-12 Waxy solid 14.4 29.4 1.0075 47 686 35.1 29 113/11 I I S Improves hard at 100??F at 140??F water tolerance of soluble oils.

L24-22 Waxy solid 16.6 39 1.0309 46 I I S Improves hard water at 140??F at 140??F tolerance of soluble oils. Good dispersing.

L46-7 White 11.6 21.1 0.979 63 505 20.6 12 76/25 S S S semisolid

0.1% solution, 25??C 2 0.1% solution, 120??F Water titration, mls H20 to cloud ??C, 10% in 25% butyl diglycol ??C, 1% aqueous solution 1 3 4 5

??C, 1% surfactant in 10% NaCl 6

39 SECTION 3


Figure 3.4 - Dynamic Surface Tension of SURFONIC? L Series Alcohol Ethoxylates


Fatty Acid Ethoxylates ?? SURFONIC? E Series Surfactants

Castor Oil Ethoxylates ?? SURFONIC? CO Series Surfactants

The SURFONIC? E series fatty acid ethoxylates and the (especially the dioleates) generally are soluble in the SURFONIC CO? series castor oil ethoxylates produced kerosene-type cuts used in traditional cold rolling by Huntsman are important groups of products in the lubricants. The PEG esters are also stable in the fatty formulation of metalworking lubricants. alcohol products used in the same application. Excellent aluminum rolling oils can be produced using blends of The SURFONIC CO series castor oil ethoxylates are PEG diesters, castor oil ethoxylates, fatty alcohols such excellent emulsifiers for many oils used in metalworking. as SURFOL? 1416 alcohol and phosphate esters like The large size of the castor oil hydrophobe helps the SURFONIC PE-2258 surfactant with alkanolamines such ethoxylated castor oil stay partially in the oil phase even as DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent. when highly ethoxylated or used in formulations with high water/oil ratios. The castor oil ethoxylates are generally Properties of the SURFONIC E series PEG ester and the low foaming. SURFONIC CO series castor oil ethoxylates are shown in Table 3.6. Typically, PEG esters offer lower staining potential on aluminum than straight fatty acids. The PEG esters

Table 3.5 - SURFONIC? E Series Fatty Acid Ethoxylates SURFONIC? CO Series Castor Oil Ethoxylates Falex Wear1, Ross Miles Specific # teeth at Foam Height2, Solubility ? SURFONIC Appearance Gravity, Viscosity, 875 lbs mm, Initial/ 100 SUS 100 SUS Product at 25??C HLB 25/25??C cPs, 25??C direct load 5 minute Naphthenic Paraffinic Water Function

E400-MO Liquid 11.8 1.013 40 5/0 I I D Emulsifier and lubricity additive.

CO-15 Liquid 8.2 1.04 59 64 2.5/2 I S I Emulsifier for oil-based formulations.

CO-25 Liquid 10.7 1.03 66 55 4.4/3 I S I Emulsifier for oil-based formulations.

CO-30 Liquid 11.7 1.04 71 80 5.1/3 I S I Hydrophilic emulsifier for oil-based formulations.

Formulation: 3% surfactant, 1% TEA-99 in water 1

0.1% solution, 120??F

2

41 SECTION 3


Phosphate Esters ?? SURFONIC? PE Series Surfactants

Phosphate esters provide extreme pressure properties Properties of the SURFONIC PE series products are to water-based and semisynthetic formulations. given in Table 3.7. Additionally they provide lubricity and emulsification of other actives in metalworking formulations and they SURFONIC PE-2258 phosphate ester gives excellent solubilize nonionic surfactants into caustic- or silicate- extreme pressure (EP) performance. Micrographs containing metal cleaning formulations. Many of the showing actual Falex pin-and-vee blocks from several EP phosphate esters also offer some cleaning activity in tests are presented in Figures 3.5a and 3.5b. metal cleaning operations. The phosphate esters in the SURFONIC? PE product family also provide corrosion SURFONIC PE-1218 phosphate ester is able to solubilize resistance in many formulations. nonionic surfactants in high electrolyte solutions such as those containing sodium silicate; this is particularly useful in cleaner formulations where the silicate is added to increase alkalinity and to provide corrosion inhibition.

Table 3.7 - SURFONIC? PE Series Phosphate Esters Foam Height2, Falex EP in 100 SUS Foam Height1, mm, Initial/5 Falex EP in water Naphthenic Oil mm, Initial/5 min., 114 PPM (1.5% Surfactant (2% Surfactant in 100 min., Hardness 2% TEA-99) SUS Naphthenic Oil) ? SURFONIC Acid # at Acid # at 114 PPM (response to Max Load Torque at Max Load1, Torque at Product Hydrophobe pH 5-5.5 pH 9-9 Hardness nonionic) Carried, psi 4500 psi Carried, psi 4500 psi Function

PE-1198 Aromatic 68 103 80/40 85/32 4700 41 750 59 at 750 psi Hydrotrope in cleaners, EP in water-based systems

PE-2258 Aliphatic 83 135 97/53 91/53 4700 61 4700 48 Solubilizer in semisynthetics, offers mild EP, good lubricity

PE-1218 Aromatic 115 220 98/53 95/52 2700 90 750 19 at 750 psi Hydrotrope for cleaners

PE-1265 Aliphatic 76 135



PE-BP2 Aliphatic 310

PE-2200 Aliphatic Neutralized Neutralized

Formulation for foam height test: Phosphate ester (1.5%), TEA-99 (3.0%), Water 114 ppm hardness (94.5%). 1

Formulation for foam height test for response to nonionic: Phosphate ester (1.5%), TEA-99 (3.0%), SURFONIC? LF-18 surfactant (1.5%), Water (94%). 2

42


Figure 3.5a - Micrograph of Vee Block from Pin-and-Vee Test with SURFONIC? PE-2258 Phosphate Esters

Figure 3.5b - Micrograph of Pin from Pin-and-Vee Test with SURFONIC PE-2258 Phosphate Esters

43 SECTION 3


Formulated Emulsifiers ?? SURFONIC? MW-100 Additive

SURFONIC? MW-100 additive is a single-component enhance the metalworking properties of vegetable oil- emulsifier for vegetable oil. This emulsifier is designed to based lubricants.

Table 3.8 - Features and Benefits of SURFONIC? MW-100 Additive ?? Inherently low-foaming ?? Compatible with phosphate esters for extreme pressure service ?? Useful in formulating stable macro- or microemulsions ?? Low pour point (-2??C) for easy handling ?? Low toxicity

44 SECTION 4

Other Products for the Metalworking Industry

Huntsman produces a number of other chemicals intermediates to functional fluids to various glycols. useful in the metalworking industry, from chemical

Linear Alkylbenzene Highboiler for Sulfonation Feedstock ?? Alkylate H-230L

Alkylate H-230L, a synthetic sulfonation feedstock widely diphenylalkanes is shown in Table 4.1; structures are used in the metalworking industry to augment natural illustrated in Figure 4.2. sodium petroleum sulfonate, is produced by the alkylation of benzene with olefins using an HF-catalyzed The actual level of each chemical species depends on process. The product is a blend of alkyl tetralins, dialkyl the alkylation feedstock. The average molecular weight of benzenes, and alkyl naphthalenes and diphenyl alkanes. Alkylate H-230L varies from 315-320, giving average The carbon number distribution peaks at C23. sulfonic acid molecular weights of 413-418 g/mole.

The structures for the important constituents of this Sulfonation can be accomplished using air/SO3 or oleum. product are shown in Figure 4.1. The typical carbon The actual reaction conditions will vary according to the distribution of the dialkylbenzenes, tetralins, and desired product and process used for sulfonation.

Table 4.1 - Distribution of Chemical Types in Alkylate H-230L Component Percent

Alkyl- and Dialkylbenzenes 74.2

Tetralins/Indanes 10.3

Dihydronaphthalenes/Indenes 1.8

Alkylnaphthalenes 3.9

Diphenylalkanes 6.5

Diphenylalkenes 3.2

Anthracenes 0.2

45 SECTION 4


Figure 4.1 - Carbon Number Distribution of Alkylate H-230L

46 Other Products for the Metalworking Industry

Figure 4.2 - Alkylate H-230 L Constituents

Alkyltetralins Alkylindanes Alkyldehydro naphthalenes

Alkylindenes Alkylnaphthalenes Condensed Aromatics

Diphenylalkanes

47 SECTION 4


JEFFOX? WL Series Functional Fluids

The JEFFOX? functional fluids are alkoxylates of mono-, metalworking fluids. When the water-based fluid comes di- or tri-functional starting materials. These versatile in contact with the hot tool and work piece, the lubricant fluids have varying degrees of solubility in water and oil. drops out of the solution and coats the metal surface. As lubricants, the fluids possess many desirable This behavior takes full advantage of the cooling capability properties of natural lubricants and have distinctive of water and the excellent lubricity of the base fluid. properties of their own which recommend their use in difficult applications such as metalworking fluids and Because the JEFFOX fluids are transparent liquids, they machine lubricants. The JEFFOX fluids have good allow delicate operations on small metal pieces to be lubricating ability, even under high pressure, and high observed easily. viscosity indexes, which enable them to be used over a wide range of temperatures. Typical applications include: ?? steel deep drawing In metalworking applications, the fluids permit high ?? tempered spring steel pressing production rates, excellent finishes and longer tool life. ?? nickel-plated steel drawing Water-soluble fluids are especially convenient because ?? copper drawing they may be washed from the work piece with cool water to permit finishing operations. The fluids can also act as carriers for diamond powder cutting or polishing agents. The higher molecular weight JEFFOX WL fluids exhibit inverse solubility behavior with respect to temperature. Properties of the JEFFOX functional fluids are listed in This property can be used advantageously in water-based Table 4.2.

Table 4.2 - JEFFOX? Functional Fluids Average Viscosity, Density, Viscosity, cSt JEFFOX? Molecular Appearance SUS, lb/gal Flash Point, Pour Product Weight Functionality at 25??C 100??F 60??F 100??F 150??F 20??C COC, ??F Point, ??F

WL-440 488 Tri Clear liquid 440 386 100 30 9.6 545 -30

WL-590 990 Tri Clear liquid 590 508 135 43 9.3 500 0

WL-660 1800 Mono Clear liquid 660 471 158 60 8.7 475 -45

WL-1400X2 2500 Di Clear amber liquid 1400 970 299 109 9.2 595 0

WL-5000 4365 Mono Clear amber liquid 5000 3556 1107 409 8.8 460 -10

48 Other Products for the Metalworking Industry

Polyethylene Glycols -- POGOL? Series PEGs

Huntsman manufactures a number of polyethylene formulated with phosphate esters for extreme pressure glycol products. The POGOL product family has (EP) properties. The products act as thickening agents numerous uses in metalworking and allied industries. and can be used for viscosity control. The largest use of the POGOL products is the manufacture of PEG esters; through reaction of POGOL 200 polyethylene glycol can be used as a polyethylene glycol with fatty acids such as lauric, oleic, dispersant and carrier in the production of silicon tall oil, castor and soya fatty acids, very useful lubricants carbide slurries by attrition grinding. Typically a 35% can be produced. aqueous suspension can be produced, stabilized by about 3% of POGOL 200 glycol. Typically the reaction is carried out between 140??C and 250??C with a nitrogen purge. Catalysts are not POGOL products can also be used in the machining of necessary but they do substantially increase the silicon wafers or for other semiconductor uses. Lapping reaction rate. For the lightest color products, non- compounds to polish metal or semiconductor surfaces catalytic procedures are used. Color inhibitors can be are produced using POGOL polyethylene glycols; the added to the product to give yet lighter products. polyethylene glycol products help to disperse the

lapping abrasive. The high water solubility of the Typical catalysts, such as pTSA, methane sulfonic acid POGOL products makes it easy to rinse the polished and tin-based catalysts can be used or sodium bisulfite substrate cleanly. can also be used. Typical levels of catalyst are from 0.1% to 1% of the raw materials. Some POGOL products are used as carrier solvents for release agents in aluminum die cast operations. The POGOL polyethylene glycols are also useful additives in hydraulic fluids where they offer suitable Characteristics and properties of the POGOL? lubricity and compatibility and can be conveniently polyethylene glycols are shown in Table 4.3.

Table 4.3 - POGOL? Polyethylene Glycols Average Molecular Density, Flash Point, pH, POGOL? Molecular Weight Average g/ml Melt/Freeze Viscosity, cSt PMCC Pt-Co 5% Product Weight Range EO Units at 20??C Range, ??C at 37.8??C ??F Color aqueous

200 200 190-210 4.2 1.124 - 25 >300 <50 5.5 - 7.0

300 300 285-315 6.4 1.125 -15 to -8 37 >350 <50 5.5 - 7.0

400 400 380-420 8.7 1.125 4 to 8 42 390 <50 5.5 - 7.0

600 600 570-630 13.2 1.126 20 to 25 64 410 <50 5.5 - 7.0

49 SECTION 5

Regional Product Offerings

Table 5.1 - Huntsman Products for the Metalworking Industry ?? North America



Coupling Agents

Anti-Foamants


Primary Amines Monoethanolamine DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent SURFONAMINE? MW-781 amine

Tertiary Amines Triethanolamine BHEMA Alkoxylated Amines SURFONIC? PEA-25 surfactant SURFONIC? T amine surfactants

Polyetheramines JEFFAMINE? D series amines JEFFAMINE? T-403 amine SURFONAMINE? MNPA-1000 amine

Linear Alcohols SURFOL? 1214 fatty alcohol SURFOL? 1416 fatty alcohol

Alcohol Ethoxylates SURFONIC? L series surfactants

Alcohol Alkoxylates SURFONIC? LF series surfactants SURFONIC? P series surfactants

Alkylphenol Ethoxylates SURFONIC? N series surfactants SURFONIC? OP series surfactants

Fatty Acid Ethoxylates SURFONIC? E400-MO surfactant

50 Regional Product Offerings

Table 5.1 - Huntsman Products for the Metalworking Industry ?? North America Continued



Coupling Agents

Anti-Foamants


Castor Oil Ethoxylates SURFONIC? CO series surfactants

EO/PO Block and Reverse Block Copolymers SURFONIC? POA series surfactants

Phosphate Esters SURFONIC? PE-1198 surfactant SURFONIC? PE-BP2 surfactant

Sodium Isethionate

Functional Fluids JEFFOX? functional fluids

Glycols diethylene glycol Propylene glycol POGOL? polyethylene glycols

51 SECTION 5

Regional Product Offerings

Table 5.2 - Huntsman Products for the Metalworking Industry ?? Europe



Coupling Agents

Anti-Foamants

Intermediates

Emulsifiers Product

Primary Amines DIGLYCOLAMINE? Agent SURFONAMINE? MW-781 amine Monoethanolamine

Tertiary Amines BHEMA Alkoxylated Amines EMPILAN? AMT series surfactants Triethanolamine

Polyetheramines JEFFAMINE? D series amines JEFFAMINE? T-403 amine SURFONAMINE? MNPA-1000 amine

Linear Alcohols LAUREX? fatty alcohols

Alcohol Ethoxylates EMPILAN? K series surfactants

Alcohol Alkoxylates EMPILAN? PF series surfactants SURFONIC? LF series surfactants SURFONIC? P series surfactants

Alkylphenol Ethoxylates EMPILAN? NP series surfactants EMPILAN? OPE series surfactants

Fatty Acid Ethoxylates EMPILAN? BQ series surfactants

52 Regional Product Offerings

Table 5.2 - Huntsman Products for the Metalworking Industry ?? Europe Continued



Coupling Agents

Anti-Foamants


Castor Oil Ethoxylates DEHSCOFIX? CO series surfactants

EO/PO Block and Reverse Block Copolymers EMPILAN? P series surfactants

Phosphate Esters EMPIPHOS? O3D surfactant EMPIPHOS? A5D surfactant EMPIPHOS? DF series surfactants

Functional Fluids JEFFOX? functional fluids

Ether Carboxylates EMPICOL? C series surfactants

Fatty Alkanolamides EMPILAN? alkanolamides

53 SECTION 6

Regional Contact Information

HUNTSMAN PERFORMANCE PRODUCTS

Americas Europe Asia-Pacific

Business Offices 10003 Woodloch Forest Drive Huntsman Belgium BVBA Huntsman (Singapore) Pte Ltd The Woodlands, TX 77380 Everslaan 45 150 Beach Road #14-05/08 281-719-6000 B-3078 Everberg, Belgium Gateway West 281-719-6416 fax Singapore 189720 +65 6390 0371 +65 6296 3368 fax

Technology Center Huntsman Advanced Huntsman Belgium BVBA Huntsman Corporation Australia Technology Center Everslaan 45 Pty Ltd 8600 Gosling Road B-3078 Everberg, Belgium 61 Market Road The Woodlands, TX 77381 Brooklyn, Victoria 3012 281-719-7400 Australia 281-719-7500 fax +61 3 9933 6633 +61 3 9933 6600 fax

Marketing 281-719-6000 +44-1946-694108 +60 3 7954 0842 281-719-6055 fax +44-1946-694891 fax +60 3 7958 1677 fax

Research & Development 281-719-7400 +44-121-550-6187 281-719-7400 281-719-7555 fax +44-121-550-1765 fax 281-719-7555 fax

Technical Services 281-719-7780 +44-121-550-6187 +61 3 9933 6666 281-719-7555 fax +44-121-550-1765 fax +61 3 9933 6600 fax

Customer Service 800-852-4957 +65 6390 0371

54 Copyright ?2005 Huntsman Corporation

Huntsman Corporation warrants only that its products meet the specifications stated herein. Typical properties, where stated, are to be considered as representative of current production and should not be treated as specifications. While all the information presented in this document is believed to be reliable and to represent the best available data on these products, NO GUARANTEE, WARRANTY, OR REPRESENTATION IS MADE, INTENDED, OR IMPLIED AS TO THE CORRECTNESS OR SUFFICIENCY OF ANY INFORMATION, OR AS TO THE SUITABILITY OF ANY CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FOR ANY PARTICULAR USE, OR THAT ANY CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR USE THEREOF ARE NOT SUBJECT TO A CLAIM BY A THIRD PARTY FO INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT OR OTHE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. EACH USE SHOULD CONDUCT ASUFFICIENT INVESTIGATION TO ESTABLISH THE SUITABILITY OF ANY PRODUCT FOR ITS INTENDED USE. Products may be toxic and require special precautions in handling. For all products listed, user should obtain detailed information on toxicity, together with proper shipping, handling, and storage procedures, and comply with all applicable safety and environmental standards.

10003 Woodloch Forest Drive The Woodlands, Texas 77380 281-719-6000

Technical Services Section 8600 Gosling Rd. The Woodlands, Texas 77381 281-719-7780

NYSE: HUN www.huntsman.com/metalworking ?2005 HUNTSMAN CORPORATION

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