Oct 2007 1

Standards

Presentation to Council29 January 2008

Oct 2007 2

Content

1. Standardisation and GI

2. International standards

3. European standards

4. British standards

5. INSPIRE and standards

Oct 2007 3

1. Standardisation & GI

Oct 2007 4

Standardisation

Activity of establishing, with regard to actual or potential problems, provisions for common and repeated use, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context.

BSi

Oct 2007 5

Types of standards

• By function:– Specification -requirements to be satisfied by product,

material or process– Method - formalised way of doing something– Codes of practice - good, accepted practice – Guidance– Glossaries

• By origin:– De facto– De jure– Proprietary

Oct 2007 6

What should a standard be?

• Wanted • Usable • Used• Impartial • Beneficial • Up-to-date• Have wide application

Oct 2007 7

Standards only become binding

• If made mandatory in law

• If a party contracted to work to them

• If claim of conformance to it is made

Oct 2007 8

Consensual process

Standards body

PublishStandard

Technical committee

Agree toissue

asStandard

How standards are produced

Industry oruser community

Industry oruser community

Consult with wider

community

Adoptdraft

standard

Producedraft

standard

SubmitWork Item

Proposal

Formworking

group

IdentifyIdentifyneed for for standardstandard

NominatemembersComment

and

response

Iterate

Adopt standard

Iterate Iterate

For de jure standards only.

The process varies between different bodies

Receive feedback

Keep under reviewafter

publication

Oct 2007 9Education

Data content

Data Access

Users

Geore

fere

ncin

g

Standardisation

Scope of standardisation for GIReference modelsModelling languages

TerminologyConformance and

testing

Referencing by coordsGeodetic codes and

parametersGeographic identifiers

Gazetteers

Models (schemas)Data specificationsFeature cataloguing

QualityMetadata

Web servicesLocation based

servicesPositioning services

Data transfer

QualificationsCertification

Oct 2007 10

Who is involved in GI standards?

Users

Vendors

Data producers

MilitaryNational

Standardsbodies

CEN

ISO

OGC

Governments

INSPIRE

GovernmentsGovernmentsCentral

Govt

National Standards

bodies

National Standards

bodies

National Standards

bodies

National Standards

body

LocalGovtLocal

GovtLocalGovtLocal

Govt

Dublin Core

Dublin Core

Oct 2007 11

And the UK context?Users

Vendors

Data producers

Military

BSiIST/36

CENTC/287

ISOTC/211

OGC

Central Govt

INSPIREIDeA

Dublin Core

Dublin Core

Oct 2007 12

2. International standards

Oct 2007 13

ISO and OGC

• ISO = International Organization for Standardisation

• ISO TC/211 – Technical Committee for Geographic Information/ Geomatics

• OGC® = Open Geospatial Consortium Inc

ISO/TC 211

OGCOpen Geospatial Consortium, Inc

®

Oct 2007 14

Work of ISO/TC 211• Standardizing in the field of digital geographic information. • Establishing a structured set of standards for information

concerning objects or phenomena that are directly or indirectly associated with a location relative to the Earth.

• Specifying methods, tools and services for:– data management (including definition and description),– data acquisition, processing and analysis – accessing, presenting and transferring data in digital form between

different users, systems and locations.

• Linking to appropriate standards for information technology and data where possible

• Providing a framework for the development of sector-specific applications using geographic data.

Oct 2007 15

Aim of ISO/TC 211...

• Develop a family of international standards to:– support the understanding and usage of GI– increase the availability, access, integration, and

sharing of geographic information, – enable inter-operability of geospatially enabled

computer systems– contribute to a unified approach to addressing global

ecological and humanitarian problems– ease the establishment of geospatial infrastructures

on local, regional and global level– contribute to sustainable development

Oct 2007 16

Open Geospatial Consortium

• International industry consortium of 340 companies, government agencies and universities.

• Consensus process to develop publicly available interface specifications.

• Specifications support interoperable solutions that "geo-enable" the Web, wireless and location-based services, and mainstream IT.

• Specifications enable technology developers to make spatial information and services accessible and useful with many types of applications.

Oct 2007 17

OGC approach

• Organise interoperability projects• Work towards consensus• Formalise OGC specifications• Develop strategic business opportunities• Develop strategic partnerships• Promote demand for interoperable

products

Oct 2007 18

Relationship ISO/TC 211 and OGC

• Cooperative agreement between ISO/TC 211 and OGC– Common objectives– Complementary work programmes– Sharing resources– Avoidance of inconsistent standards

Oct 2007 19

ISO/TC 211 standards (1)• ISO 6709:1983 - Standard representation of

latitude, longitude and altitude for geographic point locations

• ISO 6709 - Revision• ISO 19101 - Reference model• ISO 19101-2 – Reference Model – Part 2:

Imagery• ISO/TS 19103 - Conceptual schema

language• ISO 19104 - Terminology• ISO 19105 - Conformance and testing• ISO 19106 - Profiles• ISO 19107 - Spatial schema• ISO 19108 - Temporal schema• ISO 19109 - Rules for application schema• ISO 19110 - Feature cataloguing

methodology• ISO 19110 - Amendment

• ISO 19111 - Spatial referencing by coordinates

• ISO 19111 - Revision• ISO 19112 - Spatial referencing by

geographic identifiers• ISO 19113 - Quality principles• ISO 19114 - Quality evaluation procedures• ISO 19115 – Metadata• ISO 19115-2 – Metadata – Part 2:

Extensions for imagery and gridded data• ISO 19116 - Positioning services• ISO 19117 – Portrayal• ISO 19118 – Encoding• ISO 19118 - Revision• ISO 19119 – Services• ISO 19119 - Amendment• ISO/TR 19120 - Functional standards• ISO/TR 19121 - Imagery and gridded data

Italics = not published

For the latest information look on the ISO/TC 211 website

http://www.isotc211.org

Oct 2007 20

ISO/TC 211 standards (2)• ISO/TR 19122 - Qualifications and

certification of personnel• ISO 19123 - Schema for coverage geometry

and functions• ISO/RS 19124 - Imagery and gridded data

components• ISO 19125 - Simple feature access• ISO 19126 – Feature concepts dictionaries

and registers• ISO 19127 - Geodetic codes and

parameters• ISO 19128 - Web Map Server Interface• ISO 19129 - Imagery, gridded and coverage

data framework• ISO 19130 - Sensor and data model for

imagery and gridded data• ISO 19131 - Data product specification• ISO 19132 - Location based services

reference model• ISO 19133 - Location based services

tracking and navigation• ISO 19134 - Multimodal location based

services for routing and navigation

• ISO 19135 - Procedures for item registration

• ISO 19136 - Geography Markup Language (GML)

• ISO 19137 - Generally used profiles of the spatial schema and of similar important other schemas

• ISO 19138 - Data quality measures• ISO 19139 - Metadata – XML schema

implementation specification• ISO 19141 - Schema for moving features• ISO 19142 - Web Feature Service• ISO 19143 - Filter encoding• ISO 19144 - Classification Systems • ISO 19145 -Registry of representations of

geographic point location • ISO 19146 -Cross-domain vocabularies • ISO 19147 - Location Based Services -

Transfer Nodes • ISO 19148 -Location Based Services -

Linear Referencing System

Oct 2007 21

3. European standards

Oct 2007 22

CEN/TC 287

• Technical Committee of CEN (European Committee for Standardisation) for geographic information.

• NEN, the Dutch standards body runs the Secretariat• The committee are:

– Producing a framework of standards for GI in Europe– Working with ISO/TC 211 to avoid duplication

• Aim is:– To support the consistent use of GI Europe– Ensure compatibility with international usage. – Support spatial data infrastructure (SDI)

Oct 2007 23

CEN/TC 287 work programme• Adopt the ISO 19XXX standards as European standards

– 22 published to date • Standards and profiles for European SDI

– Identification of standards – Guidelines for implementers of SDI– Conformance testing and registers for SDI

• Particular areas of interest– Web Map Service (WMS) – Metadata profile of ISO 19115 – GI metadata catalogue service – e-Government

Oct 2007 24

CEN/TC 287 and ISO/TC 211

• Maintain close liaison• Vienna Agreement CEN and ISO – aims:

– Optimal use of resources– Information exchange – Transparency of work in CEN and ISO

• Provides for cooperation by:– Correspondence and exchange of information– Mutual representation at meetings;– Parallel approval of standards at international and European

levels.

Oct 2007 25

4. British standards

Oct 2007 26Education

Data content

Data Access

Users

Geore

fere

ncin

g

Standardisation

Current British Standards in scope

Spatial datasets for geographical referencing

BS 7666

UK GEMINI(Metadata standard –

profile of ISO 19115

Oct 2007 27

Overall purpose of BS 7666

– Identifying and defining geographic objects in scope

– Standardising ways of sharing and accessing information about the geographic objects

– Standardising ways of addressing objects– Aiding the creation of local gazetteers– Enabling the creation of national gazetteers

Oct 2007 28

Structure of revised standardISO 19112

Geographic information – spatial referencing by geographic identifiers

BS 7666 - 0Spatial datasets for

geographical referencing: Part 0 - General model

BS 7666-1Specification

for a street

gazetteer

BS 7666-2Specification

for a land &

propertygazetteer

BS 7666-5Specification

for a gazetteer

of delivery points

AnnexPROWs

Oct 2007 29

5. INSPIRE and standards

Oct 2007 30

INSPIRE and ISO standards• Directive highlights role of international standards• INSPIRE Drafting Team used standards-based approach• Based on the ISO 19100 series because:

– Derived through a consensus process with a large number of information communities

– Sufficiently complete and mature to be used e.g. as framework for the development of data specifications

– Other SDI approaches recommend or use the ISO 19100 series of International Standards as the foundation for developing data specifications

– There is no comparable European set of standards

Oct 2007 31

Standards cited in the INSPIRE General Conceptual Model (GCM)

• EN ISO 19101:2005, Geographic information — Reference model• ISO/TS 19103:2005, Geographic Information — Conceptual schema language• EN ISO 19107:2005, Geographic information — Spatial schema• EN ISO 19108:2005, Geographic information — Temporal schema• EN ISO 19109:2006, Geographic Information — Rules for application schemas• EN ISO 19110:2006, Geographic information — Methodology for feature cataloguing• ISO 19111:2007, Geographic Information – Spatial referencing by coordinates• EN ISO 19112:2005, Geographic information — Spatial referencing by geographic

identifiers• EN ISO 19115:2005, Geographic information — Metadata• ISO 19123:2003, Geographic information — Schema for coverage geometry and functions• OGC 06-103r3, Implementation Specification for Geographic Information - Simple feature

access - Part 1: Common Architecture v1.2.0– NOTE This is an updated version of "EN ISO 19125-1:2006, Geographic information – Simple

feature access – Part 1: Common architecture" which should be revised accordingly.• ISO 19126:--[2], Geographic Information – Feature concept dictionary and registers• ISO 19131:2007, Geographic Information – Data Product Specification• ISO 19135:2005, Geographic information — Procedures for item registration• ISO 19136:2007, Geographic Information – Geography Markup Language• ISO/TS 19139:2009, Geographic Information – Metadata – XML Schema implementation• ISO/IEC 19501:2005, Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Unified

Modelling Language (UML) Version 1.4.2

[1] to be published, currently

in FDIS stage[2] to be published, currently in CD stage[3] to be published, currently in FDIS stage[4] to be published, currently in DIS stage[5] to be published, sent to ISO Central Secretariat for publication

Oct 2007 32

Summary - Standards Committee

• Official BSI committee

• Approve British Standards

• Formal UK input to ISO/TC 211, CEN/TC 287

• Input to INSPIRE through AGI

• Guidelines for implementation