occupational health for construction workers

7/25/2019 Occupational Health for Construction Workers

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At the end of the session, the participants will

be able to:

Explain the basic concept of occupational health

Identify health effects of common hazards inconstruction work

Identify ways to protect themselves from health

hazards

OBJECTIVES


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DATAONOCCUPATIONALILLNESSES

ANDINJURIES


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LOCALSTATISTICS

Top 4 Diseases in Construction Industry (n=1,928)

Musculoskeletal disorders Tuberculosis

Occupational asthma

Occupational dermatitis

Source: 2009/2010 BLES Integrated Survey

Top 4 work-related claims (n=490)

Dermatitis and other skin diseases

Hypertension Renal failure

TuberculosisSource: OSHC Study on EC Claims from SSS, 2001-2004


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OCCUPATIONALHEALTH


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Occupational Health Defined (ILO / WHO)

The promotion and maintenance of the highestdegree of physical, mental and social well-being of

workersin all occupations by

PREVENTING

workers from

getting sick,

PROTECTING

workers from

health risks,

PLACING worker in

tasks adapted to

his ability.


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Will exposure to hazards in the

workplace ALWAYS

cause injury, illness or other adverse

health effects?


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Genes

Gender

Medical

history

Age

Lifestyle

Workers

response to

hazards

Physicalproperties

Multiplicity of

exposure

Magnitude of

exposure

Duration of

exposure

Frequency

of exposureWorkplace

Factors

WORK-RELATED

DISEASE


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Will exposure to hazards in theworkplace ALWAYS

cause injury, illness or other adverse

health effects?


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HAZARDSANDITS HEALTHEFFECTS


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Health Hazards

noise, vibration, radiation,defective illumination,

temperature extremes

exhaustive physical exertions,

excessive standing, improper

motions, lifting heavy load, job

monotony, etc.

viruses, bacteria, fungi,

parasites, insects, etc.

Physical

Biological

Ergonomic risks, psychosocial

and organizational factors

Chemical

dusts, gases, vapors,

fumes, mists, etc.


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OCCUPATIONS HAZARDSCarpenters Wood dust, heavy loads, repetitive

motion

Electricians Heavy metals in solder fumes, asbestos

dust, awkward posture

Painters Solvents, paint additives, toxic metals in

pigments

Demolition workers Asbestos, noise, lead, dustTile setters Solvents from adhesives, awkward

postures

Pipefitters, plumbers Lead fumes and particles, asbestos

Examples of Hazards


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Examples of Hazards

OCCUPATIONS HAZARDS

Masons Cement, awkward posture,

heavy loads

Drillers Noise, vibration, dust

Truck and equipment

operators

Noise, vibration, engine exhaust

Highway and streetconstruction workers

Asphalt emissions, heat, engineexhaust

Welders, solderers Welding emissions, metal fumes,

lead


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PHYSICALHAZARDS

NOISE

HEAT

VIBRATION

RADIATION


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Health Effects Preventive Measures Noise-induced Hearing

Loss

Decrease work

efficiency

Periodic hearing tests

should be carried out

Wear hearing protective

devices

NOISE


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Otoscopic udiometry

NOISE: Preventive Measures


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Difficulty in understanding spoken words in a noisy

environment

Need to be near or look at the person speaking tohelp understand words

Complaints that people do not speak clearly

Ringing noises in the ears (tinnitus)

Early Signs of Hearing Loss


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Health Effects Heat cramps due to

excessive perspiration

Abdominal pain, leg

muscle cramps

Heat stroke due toexposure toenvironment with high

temperature/humidity

Heat stroke leads to anincrease in body

temperature and ispotentially fatal

HEAT


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Preventive Measures Frequent drinking of

fluids

Proper rest should be

taken during workhours

Light clothing should beworn

Local exhaustventilation systemshould be used toremove hot air around

objects generating heat

HEAT


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Health Effects Preventive Measures

VIBRATION

Pain, numbness,

tingling, blanching

of hands

Spine

Disorder,

Fatigue,

Headache

Segmental

Vibration

Whole body

Vibration


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RADIATION

Types Sources HealthEffects

Ionizing X-rays Cancer, congenital

defects, death

Non-ionizing Ultraviolet

Infrared

Laser

Microwaves

Skin redness,Premature skin

ageing, and Skin

cancer

Corneal and

Conjunctival burns,Retinal injury and

Cataract


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RADIATION: Health Effects

UV Keratitis Cataract


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RADIATION: Preventive Measures
http://www.google.com.ph/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=oN5G6F3haJnSTM&tbnid=X9t7JNqDaxKUbM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com.ph%2Furl%3Fsa%3Di%26rct%3Dj%26q%3D%26esrc%3Ds%26source%3Dimages%26cd%3D%26docid%3DoN5G6F3haJnSTM%26tbnid%3DX9t7JNqDaxKUbM%3A%26ved%3D%26url%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffootage.shutterstock.com%252Fclip-2990881-stock-footage-sparks-at-job-site.html%26ei%3DEcDkUpmcFenoiAfM8YGADg%26bvm%3Dbv.59930103%2Cd.aGc%26psig%3DAFQjCNHRvYKJpt7e94mPwM5ssXZkXywLCw%26ust%3D1390809489475348&ei=L8DkUsaeDMyaiAf2Qg&bvm=bv.59930103,d.aGc&psig=AFQjCNHRvYKJpt7e94mPwM5ssXZkXywLCw&ust=1390809489475348


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CHEMICAL

HAZARDS

LEAD

ORGANICSOLVENT

DUSTS: CEMENT, SILICA& ASBESTOS


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LEADSource/

Exposure

Routes of

Entry

Health Effects

Welders

Solderers

Demolition workers

Painters

Inhalation

Ingestion

Anemia

Kidney damage

Miscarriages/infertility Central nervous system

effects (irritability, memory

loss, convulsions, psychiatric

disturbance) Symptoms of fatigue,

difficulty in concentration,

headache


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LEAD: Preventive Measures


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Source Routes of

Entry

Health Effects

Paints

Varnishes

Adhesives

Preservationagents

Inhalation

of vapors

Skin

absorption

Narcosis (depresses the normal

function of CNS) Headache, dizziness,

drunken feeling, disorientation,

confusion, loss of consciousness,short term memory

Reproductive: Infertility

Liver : Cirrhosis, Cancer

Respiratory : Pulmonary Edema

Kidney : Glomerulonephritis

Skin Effects : Irritative effects

ORGANIC SOLVENTS


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ORGANIC SOLVENT: Preventive Measures


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ORGANIC SOLVENT: Preventive Measures


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DUST: Cement

Source Routes of

Entry

Health Effects

Cement Mfg.

Construction

Inhalation

Skin

Absorption

WET POWDER

Skin - irritation

Eyesabrasion, irritation

DRY POWDER

Eyesirritation Respiratory Tractirritation,

small airway disease,pneumoconiosis(accumulation of dust in lungs)


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Dermatitis

CEMENT: Health Effects

Cement Burns


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DUST: SilicaSource Routes of

Entry

Health Effects

Crushing

granite

Sand

blasting

Inhalation Pneumoconiosis (silicosis)

Increased risk of lung cancer

Pleural effusion

Tuberculosis

Bronchitis

Emphysema


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DUST:Asbestos

Source Routes of

Entry

Health Effects

Fire /Heat

proofing

and

insulation

Inhalation of

airborne

fibers

Asbestosis

Lung Cancer

Bronchitis Emphysema

Mesothelioma

(a malignant

growth in thepleural lining

of the lung)


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DUST: Preventive Measures


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BIOLOGICHAZARDS

- ANYTHINGOFBIOLOGICALNATURE

- HASPOTENTIALTOCAUSEHARMTOHUMAN

- VIRUSES, BACTERIA, FUNGI, PARASITES


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TUBERCULOSIS

Chronic bacterial infection

Caused by Mycobacterium

tuberculosis (tubercle bacilli)

Damages the lungs and other

body parts

Fatal if not treated properly


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TB: Spreading the infection

When a person withcontagious TB disease coughs,

sings, sneezes, or laughs, TB germscan be forced from the lungs intothe air

Another person MAY breathein the germs

If the germs make it into thelungs and are not killed by thebodysimmune system, the personbecomes infected

M. tuberculosis can exist inthe air for up to s ix h ours ,

dur ing w hich t ime another

person m ay inh ale it .


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Signs and Symptoms of TB

cough afternoon fever

weight loss blood-stained

sputum

night sweats


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Preventive Measures

Cover your mouth : Clean your hands :

Top 10 Causes of Deaths in the Philippines 2009


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Top 10 Causes of Deaths in the Philippines 2009

Cause Number of cases Percentage

1 Diseases of the heart 100,908 21.0 %

2 Cerebrovascular diseases 56,670 11.8 %3 Malignant neoplasm 47,732 9.9 %

4 Pneumonia 42,642 8.9 %

5 Tuberculosis 25,470 5.3 %

6 Chronic lower respiratory

diseases 22,755 4.7 %

7 Diabetes mellitus 22,345 4.6 %

8 Nephritis, nephrotic

syndrome and neprosis13,799 2.9 %

9 Assault 12,227 2.5 %10 Perinatal-period illnesses 11,514 2.4 %

All Other Causes of Deaths 124,758 25.9 %

Total Deaths 480,820 100 %

Source: 2009 National Statistics Office Data

DOTS Strategy the Solution!


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With DOTS90% CURE RATE

DOTS Strategythe Solution!Directly Observed Therapy Short Course


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TETANUS

An acute, often fatal disease characterized byspasmodic contraction of voluntary muscles,especially those of the neck and jaw.

Caused by the toxin of the bacillus Clostridiumtetani.

Typically infects the body through acontaminated wound.


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Clinical Manifestations

Lockjaw

Sustained contraction ofthe facial and back

muscles

Prevention

Active immunizationwith tetanus toxoid

Careful woundmanagement

TETANUS


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HIV/AIDS

HIVis the viruswhich causes AIDS.

AIDSis a serious and usually fatal conditioninwhich the bodys immune system is severely

weakened and cannot fight off infection.


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Body Fluids with High Viral Load

Blood Semen

Vaginal and cervical mucus

Breastmilk

Amniotic fluid

Cerebrospinal fluid


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During unprotected sex

Through transfusions of

contaminated blood or

blood products

Puncturing of the skin by

needle or sharps infected

with HIV

From an HIV positive

mother to her baby

HIV can enter the bloodstream


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HIV is NOTtransmitted

How can I prevent transmission


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Abstinence

Be Faithful to uninfected

partner

Condom use or safer sex

Do not inject prohibited

drugs

Education & ensure thatblood are screened for

HIV

REMEMBER ABCDE!

How can I prevent transmission

of HIV ?


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ERGONOMICRISK

FACTORS

RESULTINGTOMUSCULOSKELETAL

DISORDERS


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ERGONOMICS (OSHA)

The science of fitting jobs to the people

who work in them

Goal:

Reduce musculoskeletal disorders

(MSDs) in workers when major part of

the jobs involve


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Work in which improper posture ismaintained

Prolonged Reaching/

Shoulder elevationBending

Twisting

Kneeling/Squatting


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Work requiring abnormal amounts of handstrength

W i ht lifti k


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Weight lifting work


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Musculoskeletal Disorders

H lth Eff t M l k l t l Di d


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Health Effects : Muscu loskeletal Diso rders(MSDs)

injuries and illnesses that affect muscles, nerves, tendons,

ligaments, joints or spinal discs

Common Symptoms of MSDs

Painful joints

Pain, tingling, numbness in hands, wrists,forearms, shoulders, knees and feet

Shooting or stubbing pains

Swelling or inflammation

Low back pain Neck/shoulder pain

Stiffness


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Musculoskeletal Disorders


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Preventive Measures

Redesign the work station

P i M


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Preventive Measures

Take regular breaks from work

Alternate work tasks Regular stretching

SMOKING AT WORK


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SMOKING AT WORK

Fires and explosions

Accidents

Tensions between

smokers and non-

smokers

SMOKING


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SMOKING : Health Effects

Cancer

Heart diseases

Lung diseases and

asthma

Osteoporosis


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Wh t i CHOICE?


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What is your CHOICE?

The Impact of Alcohol on Health


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The Impact of Alcohol on Health

Alcohol may cause or make worse:Liver damage

Stomache ailments

Heart disease

Certain forms of cancer

Irreversible brain damage

Drugs of Abuse


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Drugs of Abuse


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The first is methamphetamine

hydrochloridecommonly known as

Shabu,which is the main drug of abuse

The second is marijuana, which

grows naturally in the Philippines

The third is contact cement adhesives, e.g.

rugby

Major Drugs of Abuse


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Impacts of Drugs at Work

A negative impact

on physical health

A negative impacton mental health

A negative impact

on safety

A negative impact

on productivity

The Impact of Drugs


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ON PHYSICAL HEALTH:

Elevated heart rate and blood pressure

Respiratory failure

Convulsions

Cardiovascular problems including

strokes and heart attacks Certain forms of cancer

Liver or kidney impairment

HIV/AIDS

The Impact of Drugs

ON MENTAL HEALTH:

Altered perceptions

and emotions

Changes in personality

Decreased socialinhibitions

Paranoia

Anxiety

Irritability

Depression

The Impact of Drugs


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ON SAFETY:

Distorted vision, hearing

and coordination

Loss of

concentration

and coordination Sleepiness

Decreased

awareness of

touch and pain

The Impact of Drugs

ON PRODUCTIVITY:

Increase health care costs

Increase the number

of accidents

Increase absenteeism

Result in poor work

relations

Impair performance

Increase replacement costs

Therefore the Use of Drugs at


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Therefore, the Use of Drugs atWork Can Result in:

Increased costs

Decreased outputs

Which result in:

A lack of competitiveness

Lower enterprise viability


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Lifestyle habits to prevent theoccupational diseases

Observe personalhygiene

Exercise

Proper Diet

Enough sleep

Smoking Cessation Drinking

S


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Summary

Exposure to workplace hazards may have ill-effects to the workers health.

Company policies and programs are important toprotect and monitor workers health.

Workers have roles in the promotion of theirown health by following company policies onsafety and health, participating in theimplementation of programs and through lifestylemodification.


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Be safe and stay healthy!

Thank you for listening!

occupational health for construction workers

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