observational tools
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Observational Tools. Dr. Ayers HPER 448 Western Michigan University. Types. Intuitive Observation Anecdotal Records Rating Scales Event Recording Duration Recording Time Sampling Analytical Tools. Intuitive Observation. Is not systematic - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Observational Observational ToolsTools
Dr. AyersHPER 448
Western Michigan University
TypesTypes
Intuitive Observation Anecdotal Records Rating Scales Event Recording Duration Recording Time Sampling Analytical Tools
Intuitive ObservationIntuitive Observation
Is not systematic Does not identify
any specific aspect of instruction
Observer draws conclusions w/o collecting info
Eyeballing
Strengths and WeaknessesStrengths and Weaknesses
Strengths Does not require training Can isolate glaring problems Is informal
Weaknesses Unreliable Conclusions not based on recorded
info Limited to observer’s experience
Anecdotal RecordsAnecdotal Records
Actual description of events
Teacher actions Student actions Relationship
between t-s actions Narrative record of
instructional setting
Strengths and WeaknessesStrengths and Weaknesses
Strengths Observation based on real events Useful detail
Weaknesses Observer’s capacity to capture detail Requires a great deal of info Must be analyzed in great detail Requires observer training
Rating ScalesRating Scales
Specific variables are defined
Behaviors are quantified based on numeric scale
Quality of variable is recorded
Strengths and WeaknessesStrengths and Weaknesses
Strengths Useful for qualitative analysis Can increase observer reliability
Weaknesses Usually abused and over-used Variables are not always well defined Need to attach criteria to each rating
level
Event RecordingEvent Recording
Records the presence or absence of an event
Assesses the frequency of a defined behavior in an instructional setting
Strengths and WeaknessesStrengths and Weaknesses
Strengths Systematic, valid and reliable Effective qualitative data can be
gathered Weaknesses
Requires training Capacity of the observer to distinguish
between behaviors as they occur transiently
Duration RecordingDuration Recording
Keeps track of when an event starts and ends
Records the amount of time that a teacher or group of students engage in a defined behavior
Strengths and WeaknessesStrengths and Weaknesses
Strengths Little effort or training required Useful for events that occur over long
periods of time Weaknesses
Capacity of the observer to distinguish among behaviors as these occur in instructional setting
Capacity to record overall performance
Time SamplingTime Sampling
Observer records what is happening during specific time period
Spot checks for specific behaviors
Plachecks- Planned Activity Checks
Strengths and WeaknessesStrengths and Weaknesses
Strengths Enables observer to collect useful info
in short period of time Can be used in conjunction with other
tools Weaknesses
Can only be used for behaviors that do not change quickly
Observer’s capacity to distinguish among behaviors
Analytical Tools: ALT-PEAnalytical Tools: ALT-PE
Measures that portion of the lesson that students are engaged in motor activity successfully
Assesses the physical activity specified in lesson plan objectives
ALT-PE Observation ALT-PE Observation SystemSystem
HOW DO TEACHERS SPEND THEIR TIME DURING A CLASS SESSION?
HOW DO STUDENTS SPEND THEIR TIME DURING A CLASS SESSION?
Motor Appropriate Motor Inappropriate Motor Supportive Non-Motor Engaged
Interim Waiting Off-task On-task Cognitive
Student VariablesStudent Variables
Student Variables-2Student Variables-2
Management Organization Management Conduct Activity Instruction Off-task
Teacher VariablesTeacher Variables
Instruction Management Observation Feedback
Teacher Movement Travel Pattern Instructional Set up Instructional Transitions Observation Patterns
General Specific
Other Instructional VariablesOther Instructional Variables
ALT-PE Observation TechniquesALT-PE Observation Techniques
Interval Recording Group Time sampling Duration Recording
Reliability Extent to which two observers agree (Agreements /Agreements +
Disagreements) / 100= Percent agreement 80% is target
Percentage Amount of time spent in a behavior divided
by total observation time Long term behaviors
Observational Analysis ToolsObservational Analysis Tools
Rate Number of times an event occurs
divided by total observation time Short term behaviors “Times per minute” “Miles per hour”
Observational Analysis ToolsObservational Analysis Tools
Content Analysis Presentation Analysis Travel Pattern Event Recording- Rate Duration Recording- Percentage Strategies Based on Observed Data Self-Assessment- Predictions Reflective Analysis
WMU Observation SystemWMU Observation System