obesity among children-presentation

8/7/2019 Obesity Among Children-presentation

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OBESITY PROGRAMS FORCHILDREN


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INTRODUCTION

Obesity is an increase in body weight beyond

the limitation of skeletal muscle and physical

requirement as the result of excessive

accumulation of body fat(Dorlands Pocket Medical Dictionary)

Also defined as 20 percent over ideal weight.


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Children are group of people whose age are in

range of 6-11 years old.

Tend to get obese in childhood when theparents are also obese


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MEASUREMENT OF OBESITY

Growth Chart

Relative Weight Indexes- Body Mass

Index(BMI)

Triceps Skinfold Thickness


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BODY MASS INDEX(BMI)

Index of persons weight in relation to height

Body weight(kg) @ Weight (pound)x 705

Height(meter)2 Height(inches)2


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Critical BMI Values as Cutoff Points for

Obesity

Until recently there has not been a general

consensus regarding the cutoff points of

overweight and obesity in children and

adolescent

The 85th percentile has often used to

operationally define obesity

The 95th percentile as gross, or severe,obesity.

(CDC, 2000)


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Table 1: BMI International Cutoffs for Overweight and Obesity

________________________________________________________________________

Age Body Mass Index 25kgm-2 Body Mass Index 30kgm-2

(Year) Male Female Male Female----______

6 17.55 17.34 19.78 19.65

6.5 17.71 17.53 20.23 20.08

7 17.92 17.75 20.63 20.51

7.5 18.16 18.03 21.09 21.01

8 18.44 18.35 21.60 21.57

8.5 18.76 18.69 22.17 22.18

9 19.10 19.00 22.77 22.81

9.5 19.46 19.45 23.39 23.46

10 19.84 19.86 24.00 24.11

10.5 20.20 20.29 24.57 24.77

11 20.55 20.74 25.10 25.42 12 21.22 21.68 26.02 26.67


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Prevalence of Obesity Among

Children In Malaysia


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Study shows

A study was conducted from March to June

1991

Primary school children in the State ofSelangor

28 rural and 24 urban schools

2,688 pupils in Standard 1 and Standard 6 Overall prevalence of7.8% school children is

obese


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Proportion of boys affected (66.7%) was twice

that among girls (33.3%).

9.8% in the urban schools, 6.1% found forrural (p


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Heres another study

Conducted in Kuala Lumpur

3620 school children were selected

Multi-stage sampling 7.3% obese

7.5% of boys and 7.1% girls were obese

The youngest age group (11 years old) had thehighest prevalence of obesity. With increasingage, the prevalence of obese decreased.


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Even worst

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia study 1998.1,

026 schoolchildren aged seven to nine who

took part in the survey, 12. 5 % of boys and 5%

of girls

were obese.


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What about other countries???

USA

1988-

1991

China

1993

Russia

1994-

1995

South

Africa

1994

Brazil

1989

Girls 24.2 12.2 17.8 20.3 10.5

Boys 21.3 14.1 25.6 25.0 12.8

Popkin et al 1996


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The trend

Prevalance of obese children (age 6-11) with

BMI> 30 in United States ofAmerica

1999-2000 15.3%

1988-1994 11%

1976-1980 7%


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Associated Press

Study: Child obesity expected to soar worldwide

The number of overweight children worldwide willincrease significantly by the end of the decade, and

scientists expect profound impacts on everythingfrom public health care to economies


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Causes of childhoodobesity


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has multiple causes centering around an

imbalance between energy in (calories

obtained from food) and energy out (calories

expended in the basal metabolic rate and

physical activity

most likely results from an interaction factors.


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Dietary habits

have shifted away from healthy foods such as fruits,

vegetables, and whole grains to a fast food, processed snack

foods, and sugary drinks. These foods tend to be high in fat and/or calories and low in

many other nutrients.

Some eating patterns that have been associated with this

behavior are eating when not hungry and eating while

watching TV or doing homework.


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Physical inactivity

The popularity of television, computers, and videogames translates into an increasingly sedentary

(inactive) Not only does this use little energy (calories), it

also encourages snacking.

Only one third of children in the United States

have daily physical education at school. Parents busy schedules and fears about safety

prevent many children from taking part in after-school sports programs.


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G

enetic factors Obesity tends to run in families.

A child with an obese parent, brother, or sister ismore likely to become obese.

Genetics alone does not cause obesity. Obesityoccurs only when a child eats more calories than heor she uses.


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Today we see many school children being

obese or overweight as they do not walk

much because their parents feel it is too

dangerous for their children to walk on the

roads, said Oh, who maintains a healthy

body.- Bernama


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Socioeconomic status

Low family incomes and having nonworking

parents are associated with greater calorie intake

for activity level.


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Complications of obese children

Overweight children are at higher riskofdeveloping:

Type II diabetes

Metabolic syndrome

High bloodpressure (pediatric hypertension)

Asthma and other respiratoryproblems

Sleep disorderseg: Sleep apnea - decreased oxygen to the brain andbody

Liver disease


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Complications of obese childrenboneproblems

Eg: abnormalities offoot structure & function

Several cardiovascular risk factors have beenshown to be associated with childhood obesity:

Increased bloodpressure

Adverse lipid profiles

Adverse changes in ventricularmass

Hyperinsulinaemia


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Fin~


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obesity among children-presentation

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