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CONTENTS

ABSTRACT 3

INTRODUCTION 7

MATERIALS AND METHODS 8

CHECKLIST OF SPECIES 15

SYSTEMATICS 16

Hexactinosida Schrammen 16Farreidae Gray 16Euretidae Zittel 45

Euretinae Zittel 45Chonelasmetinae Schrammen 70

Tretodictyidae Schulze 104Aphrocallistidae Gray 130Auloplacidae Schrammen 136

Aulocalycoida Tabachnick & Reiswig 154Aulocalycidae Ijima 154

Aulocalycinae Ijima 154

Lychniscosida Schrammen 165Aulocystidae Solías 165

DISCUSSION 170

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 171

REFERENCES 172

SPECIES INDEX 175

Frontispiece:Four hexasterophoran glass sponge-species photographed on the Chatham Rise and the Macquarie Ridge of southem NewZealand. From the Macquarie Ridge (Australian EEZ): A, Homoieuretemacquariensen. gen. n. sp. (NIWA station TAN0803/078,53.430° S, 159.075° E, 845-903 m), and B, Chondasma sp. (NIWA station TAN0803/018, 48.318° S, 164.570° E, 1077-1262 m).From the Chatham Rise: C, Aphrocaüistes beatrix beatrix Gray, 1858 (NIWA station TAN0905/123,44.136° S, 174.720° W, 643-816m}, and D, Aulocalyx australis n. sp. (NIWA station TAN0905/023,42.760° S, 179.990° W, 770-919 m).

Images captured by DTIS (Deep Towed Irnaging System) onboard RV Tangaroa, courtesy of NIWASeamounts Programme (SFAS103), Oceans2020 (LINZ, MFish) and Rob Stewart, NIWA, Wellington

(Photos: NIWA).

NATIONAL INSTITUYE OFWATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH (NIWA)

The Marine Fauna of New Zealand:

Hexasterophoran Glass Sponges of New Zealand(Porifera: Hexactineilida: Hexasterophora): OrdersHexactinosida, Aulocalycoida and Lychniscosida

Henry M. Reiswig

Biology Department, University of Victoria, andNatural History Section, Royal British Columbia MuseumP.O. Box 3020 Stn CSC, Victoria, B.C., Canadá V8W 3N5

Michelle KellyNational Centre for Aquatic Biodiversity and BiosecurityNational Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd

Prívate Bag 99940, Auckland 1149, New Zealand

ABSTRACT

The Hexactineilida of New Zealand, orders Hexactinosida, Aulocalycoida, and Lychniscosida, are reviewed, inventoried fromexisting and new collections, and revisad where necessary. Collections within the NIWA Invertebrate Collecrion and the Mu-seum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, both in Wellington, and specimens from the NORFANZ mid-Tasman Sea surveyhoused at the Queensland Museum, yielded well over 300 catalogued specimens, some of which are from the Australian EEZ.The previous list of four known species in New Zealand, Farrea occa Bowerbank, 1862, Eitryplegma aurículare Schulze, 1886,Chondasma hamatum Schulze, 1886, and C. lamella Schulze, 1886, has now been expanded to 30, including 21 new species, within15 genera, one of which is new (Homoieurete n. gen.). The neglected family Auloplacidae (Schrammen, 1912) is resurrected. Allfour species previously known frorn New Zealand waters are well represented in the newly surveyed material. Five speciesknown from elsewhere, Anomochone expansa Ijima, 1927, Aphrocallistes beatrix beatrix Gray, 1858, Lefroyella ceramensis Ijima, 1927,Periphmgella elisae Marshall, 1875, and Psüocalyx imlsoni Ijima, 1927, but previously unknown in the New Zealand área, arereported and described, extending their distribution ranges. The 21 new species include six in Farreidae, seven in Euretidae,four in Tretodictyidae, two in Auloplacidae, one in Aulocalycidae, and one in Aulocystidae; the new genus Homoieurete belongsto Euretidae. One of the new species described here, Neoauhcystis cristata n. sp., has been recorded only near the Kingdom ofTonga, but is included here for the sake of a complete review of the genus. Similarlv, two new species of the genus Anomochonecollected on the NORFANZ voyage are found thus far only in Australian waters (northern Norfolk Ridge and Lord HoweRise), but are included in this work for the sake of completeness of the review of the genus in this región. Similarlv, two newspecies have been described from the Australian EEZ surrounding Macquarie Island, on Macquarie Ridge, and have beenincluded here, as the species are also found in the New Zealand EEZ. The modérate number of washed-out specimens whosedictyonal skeleton are incompatible with any known species in New Zealand waters indicares that several species remainunknown and are yet to be collected in condition needed for full species level determination and description.

Keywords: Porifera, Hexactinelüda, Hexactinosida, Aulocalycoida, Lychniscosida, Farreidae, Euretidae, Tretodictyidae, Aph-rocallistidae, Auloplacidae, Aulocalycidae, Aulocystidae, Farrea, Concrete, Gymnorete, Homoieurete n. gen., Lefroyella, Chonelasma,Periphragella, Anomochone, Hexactinella, Psílocalyx, Aphrocaüistes, Auloplax, Aulocalyx, Euryplegma, Neoauhcystis, systematics, glasssponge, taxonomy, new species, Norfolk Ridge, Lord Howe Rise, Tongan EEZ, New Zealand EEZ, Australian EEZ