1

(globalization)

(digital

convergence)

(digitalize)

(broadcasting)

( ) (

) (

) 1

1 Vivian Reding ( vice-president of European Commission), 2006, speech in Digital Lifestyle

Exhibition, “Digital convergence: a whole new way of life”.

2

2009 2

2010 (Connecting America: the National

Broadband Plan)3 2015 90%

50Mbps 4 2020 90%

100Mpbs

20065 2010 90% 30Mbps

2010 2015 100%

100Mbps

Korea

Communications Commission, KCC 2009

50% 2009

KCC 6 2013 85% 50-100Mbps

2Mbps 8Mbps 10Mbps 0.2%

( 2011:11) 50Mbps

2 (terrestrial television)

5

(digital television)

5 (

) 5 15-163 http://www.broadband.gov/plan/ ( 2011/05/02) 4 (broadband access) (bandwidth)

Mbps(megabits per second) 10Mbps

20Mbps—50Mbps 100Mpbs

5 Find http://www.find.org.tw/find/home.aspx?page=news&id=4354 (2011/05/02) 6 Find http://www.find.org.tw/find/home.aspx?page=news&id=5420 (2011/05/02)

3

(cable tv.)7

2010

6.33% ( 2011:14) 2009 42%( 2010:20)

49%( 2010:37) 84%( 2010:56)

( )

2004

6 2010 ( )

8

2006 ( )

9

2010

7 (cable tv.)

8 http://info.gio.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=20160&ctNode=4456&mp=1 (2011/05/02)9 NCC http://www.ncc.gov.tw/ ( 2011/05/02)

4

2011

(

2011:08) 96.8

(Dye, 1972:2)

1976

( 2006:56)

( )

5

2003

MOD(multi-media on demand) 2007

MOD

horizontal regulatory framework layered

model multi-layered model

(deregulation)

(governance)

2007 European Commission

( 2008)

6

( 2007)

(

2008)

(public governance)

(regulatory reform) (regulatory governance)

(better regulation)

?

7

Dye(1972)

(governance)

8

2003—2010

9

1-2-1

1-2-1

001 22 2011/05/31

1900--2200

002 1994 2011/06/02

1230--1500

10

iptv. internet portal tv.)10 (web.

tv.)11

10 Iptv(internet portal television)

iptv

iptv

11 (connect tv.)

11

1962

1976 14

2006

12

13

(Adam Smith)

(the public

interest theory of regulation)

(regulation)

(natural monopoly) (externalities)

(information asymmetry)

(market failure)

Stigler(1971)

(The theory of economic regulation) (the private interest

theory of regulation)

(regulation failure)

(Wheelan

,2003:93 )

Stigler(1971)

14

(regulatory capture)

( 2007:201)

(political capture)

(cronyism)

(corruption) (Thtobald,1990)

(regulatory costs)

(regulatory risk)

(regulatory failure)

(voting paradox) (rent-seeking)

(government failure)

Weimer Vining 1992

Weimer Vining (freeing markets)

(facilitating markets) (simulating markets)

(deregulation)

Weimer Vining(2011:210)

(administrative regulation)

(social regulation) (economic regulation)

( 2-1-1)

15

2-1-1

16

Weimer Vining (2011)

1978

1996

( 2003:05)

17

(re-regulation)

Stigler(1971)

(Public Choice Theory )

Buchanan, & Tullock, 1962:13)

( )

(Dye,2002) �

18

( 1999:61)

(

2008:113)

Dartmouth Deborah Stone 2001 Policy

Paradox Stone

(Stone,2001,xi )

Stone

(Stone, 2001:13-14)

Stone

(Stone,

2001:34)

Stone

Rosenbloom(2004:14)

19

(regulatory reform) (regulatory governance)

(Minogue,2002)

regulatory impact

assessment RIA

2007:225

good governance ( 2008:01)

(from interventionism to regulatory governance)( 2003:03)

OECD (the organization for economic co-operation and development )

RIA

(OECD,1997)

(freedom of speech)

(agenda-setting ) (the fourth estate)

(media politics) (the political economy of communication)

20

(infrastructure)

21

1948

12

(Statement on Communication Right)

13

2009 5 14

14

( )

12 http://www.un.org/zh/documents/udhr/ ( 2011/05/04) 13 http://www.worldsummit2003.de/en/web/602.htm (2011/05/04) 14 http://www.un.org/chinese/hr/issue/ccpr.htm ( 2011/05/04)

22

1993

15

1994 9 23 364

15 http://www.judicial.gov.tw/constitutionalcourt/P03_01_detail.asp?expno=364&showtype=( 2011/05/02)

23

16 (the right of access to the

media) 17

(Social Value School) (Market Economics

School)(Entman & Wildman, 1992)

(Federal Communication

Commission, FCC.) Mark Fowler Michael Powell

1996

(Media Reform)19

1983 2004 19

16 (access to media)

17

18 FCC http://www.fcc.gov/telecom.homl ( 2011/05/03) 19 http://www.corporations.org/media ( 2011/04/29)

24

50 5 Ted Tunner(CNN

)

20

(Francis,1993:35, 2003)

BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation)

BBC

1927 BBC (Royal Charter) BBC

BBC

( 2006:127)

2000 12 (A New Future For Communication)

Ofcom(Office of

20 ‘There’s really five companies that control 90 percent of what we see, read and hear. That’s not healthy.” April,24, 2003. CNN

25

Communication )

Ofcom BBC

BBC BBC

digital uk 2008 2012

21

1990

Ofcom(Office of Communication )

22

21 digital uk http://www.digitaluk.co.uk/about_digital_uk/partners ( 2011/05/31)

Ofcom http://www.ofcom.org.uk/about/what-is-ofcom/ ( 2011/05/05)“We

make sure that people in the UK get the best from their communications services and are protected from

scams and sharp practices, while ensuring that competition can thrive.”

26

2002 2003

10

2006

328

159

143

( 2009) ( 2009) ( 2008) ( 2009)

( 2011)

( 2007) 2008 ( 2008)

( 2-3-1)

27

( )

( ) /

( )

28

2003

( 2003:03)

(2003:11)

(media ownership)

( :

)

(1993:61)

( ) (democratic divide) ( )

/ ( ) (media citizen

activism)

2006

29

(2006)

30

2006

(

2006:01)

( 2006:02)

(2006)

31

32

23 6981 http://www.president.gov.tw/Portals/0/Bulletins/paper/pdf/6981.pdf2011/07/01

33

1962 1958 823

—

( 3-1-1)

3-1-1

1962/10/10

1968/10/31

1971/10/31

1993/08/11

1994/01/28

34

1995/06/16

1997/06/11

1998/07/11

1999/02/03

2003/12/09

2005/12/24

2006/01/03

2006/02/22

NCC

NCC

2006/04/11

2007/04/11

35

2008/11/04

(1991:58)

( 1993:117)

1960

( 2002:215)

(1993:86)

( )

1962 1976

14

36

1980

( 001)

(

3-1-2)

3-1-2 : 1962-1987

( ) 1962-1976

( ) 1976-1991

( ) 1962-1974 (

)

( ) 1974-1981

( ) 1981-1988

( ) 1968-1978

( ) 1978-1980

( ) 1980-1987

( ) 1968-1972

( ) 1972-1978

( ) 1978-1983

( ) 1983-1990

( ) 1972-1973

37

( ) 1973-1979

( ) 1979-1992

( ) 1972-1976

( ) 1976-1978

( ) 1978-1979

( ) 1979-1988

(1993)

1973 10 31

—

(2002)

( )

11

38

1976

60

…..

( 2002:226)

1962 1993 31

24

1993 3 11

( 1993)

2001

24

39

( 2001)

80

80 (

001)

( 001)

1962 1987 25

(2002)

( 2002:215)

40

1987 1988

1980 ( )

ok

25

25 1986

41

1993

1983

1987

( 2002:298)

1990

1990

1993 1996 TVBS ( U2 )

……

42

1994 8

1994 11

(

) ( )

43

tvbs

(Formosan Association for Public Affairs,

FAPA) 26

1994

( 3 6 )

26 tvbs

44

(

)

5 22

6 7 6 9

27

6 16

1997 6 11

30%

HBO, DISCOVERY, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC…..

27

45

( )

1999

28

2 29

28 1999

29 18

46

30

47

(2000--2008)

1995 2 18

( )

2000 5 20

2001

2003 5 4

48

( 2000)

( )

( 2000)

31

2002

2006

2004

31 2000/08/13

49

( 3-3-1)

3-3-1

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006 ( )

2007

2008

(

001) 2000 3

50

( 2000)

2000 (

)

(

)

2003 12 9

2005 12 26

32

33 5 18

(

001)

32

33 3-3-2

51

3-3-2

2000/05—2000/10 5

2000/10—2002/02 18

2002/02—2003/07 17

2003/07—2004/05 10

2004/05—2005/03 11

2005/03—2006/01 10

2006/01—2007/04 15

2007/04—2008/05 11

2005 12 26 2006 1 3

(

2009:241)

52

( 2009:229)

NCC

( 2009)

(Hung and Wei,2006)

?

2000

2000 2008

53

300 650

….. ( 002)

2010

6.33%

2000 2008

54

55

56

34

35

15-28

57

36 http://jirs.judicial.gov.tw/FJUD/ ( 2011/05/05)

58

37

U-Life 1

U-Life 2

U-Life 4

U-Life 3

U-Life 5

1081671

21.21%

59

2005

2009 600

38 39

50 113

40

15%

2%

2009 11

10% 2010 3

10% ( :2010)

( 2009)

2011 3 24 3239 41

38 2006

39 2011 499,254 9.79%

40 2141 3239 http://www.ey.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=78767&ctNode=1229&mp=1 (

60

2010 7

2010 11 17 2015

50%......

2011/05/28)

61

momo 1

momo 1

momo 2

499,254

9.79%

1,125,988

22.09%

momo 3

Channel v

62

1962

1987 25

25

( 2003:148)

1988

—

( ) 1980

63

1993

2000

(Stakeholder)

2008

( 3-5-1)

64

3-5-1 2011

1,125,988 22.09%

31.88%499,254 9.79%

1,091,671 21.41%

741,261 14.54%

293,088 5.75%

1,346,617 26.41%

5,097,879 100%

2011

65

BBC NHK KBS CCTV ?

? !

( 001)

80

1927 BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation)

BBC BBC

BBC BBC

BBC

BBC

digital uk 2008 2012

66

42

1950

1960 1980

KBS(Korean

Broadcasting System) 1980

( 2005:4)

KBS KBS

KBS

KBS KBS

2000 2006

2000 2008

( 001)

1980

42 digital uk http://www.digitaluk.co.uk/about_digital_uk/partners ( 2011/05/31)

67

1993

1

8000 ( 2000:61-62)

1996

1997

( 1997)

1997 50

560 600 1999

600 2000

68

(100 600 )

? ?

( 002)

600

1950

( 2007:49)

600

69

( )

100

1999 2000

2004

( 002)

1993 2000

70

71

2000

( 2000)

2000

60%

72

2008

162

2011

(

4-2-1)

73

74

75

1993

(?)

( 002)

76

MOD MOD

( 002)

2007

1982 Stigler(1971)

1999 19

50%

13 (1993)

2011 700

EBITA( ) ( 2010)

110 5,500 (

77

7200 )

(

1999:61)

78

( )

2008 2009

( )

43

?

43

79

80

81

82

2006

44 http://jirs.judicial.gov.tw/FJUD/ ( 2011/05/05)

83

2010 9

……

10 (set-top

box)

(Streaming)

(regulation)

(regulatory

legitimacy)

( 2007 209-217)

45 99/09/08

84

46

(better regulation)

( )

( 5-1-1)

46 http://www.tpgrc.org.tw/content.php?f=93( 2011/06/21)

85

5-1-1

86

(

)

( )

87

( )

88

? ( 2007:204)

(

)

2007

89

48

2008

( )

47 http://www.ncc.gov.tw/chinese/files/09021/1401_9443_090216_1.pdf (2011/07/02) 48

90

6.33%

91

49

iptv connet tv.

(app.)

iptv connect tv.

49 2010 2010( ) 2015 50%

2011 3 24

92

(2010)

1997 1998

2003 iptv(MOD)

MOD MOD

iptv 50

1999 pccw

pccw & era iptv 51

2003

10 pccw now tv.

iptv pccw

MOD

50 MOD 30%

51 pccw & era

93

94

95

1993

:

2000 2000/06/24

4

1991 --

202 :74-77

2008

2009

2002 : 2008

1995 —

22:64-75

2008 :NCC

2008/06/05 A15

2006

2007

96

2009

Iris Geva-May, An operational approach to policy analysis: the Craft. Norwell:

Kluwer Academic Publisher.

1993

2003 : 50

145-169

2005 85:1-30

2008

2009 :

2008 94

149-192

1997 1997/09/21

3

2003 12 Wheelan, harles. Naked

Economics: Undressing the Dismal Science. , New York: w.w. Norton &

Company,2003

2006 —

26 51-75

2006

1-27

2009

:

2003

97

2008

2010 104

1-30

1993

1993/03/12 10

1997 1997/12/21

10

2009 NCC

2009/11/10 A8

2007 2007.9.27

2010

2006 Palan Ronen, Global

Political Economy : Contemporary Theories. New York: Routledge, 2000.

2010 700 2010/07/30

A2

2008

2008

2010

2010

2008 21

2004

98

1998

Mosco Vincent, The Political Ecomomy of Communication : Rethinking and

Renewal, London: SAGE, 1996.

2010

2006 — OECD

38 49-98

2007

2008

1980-2000 12 1 101-145

2009

2000 2000/03/22 6

1998 1998/10/03

20

2001

2001/01/21 C2

1993

:

2006

2008 VS. :1158

99

12-13

2008 2008

2006

1995

2005 —

1998

1998/01/06

2008

2008 2008/04/10

2003 50

1-48

2006 BBC: :

2008

1999

13 3 1999 47-64

2008

2003

100

101

Buchanan, James. M. Gordon, Tullock. 1962. The Calculus of Consent. Ann Arbor:

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Burgess, Giles H., 1997, The Economics of Regulation and Antitrust, New York: Harper

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