nôuxôdv tu]ôhåj rÁÆvp bnÅrr€¦ · shanlax international journal of tamil studies a...

UXo 3 º\lÀRr 1 AdúPôTo, 2018 ISSN: 2454-3993

UGC Approved Journal Number: 40729 Impact Factor: 3.085

NôuXôdv Tu]ôhåj RÁÆVp BnÅRr

Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Studies A Peer-Reviewed-Refereed/Scholarly Quarterly Journal with Impact Factor

NôuXôdv Tu]ôhå BnÅRr 66 Å.À. Y½L Y[ôLm

T.P.K. ÀWRô] NôûX, YNkR SLo UçûW – 625 003

RÁrSôå – Ck¾Vô

Áu]gNp: [email protected]

YûXêLYÃ: www.shanlaxjournals.in ùRôPoédá: 9043303383

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YôrjçûW

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YôrjçûW

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YôrjçûW

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kPl;Lg;ghu;f;fNtz;ba epiyapy; ,d;iwa jkpo;r;r%fk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. me;j tifapy; jq;fSf;Ff;fpilj;j tha;g;ig kpfr;rpwe;jKiwapy; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;Sk; tifapy; Fwpj;j jiyg;igj; njupTnra;jpUg;gJ fy;Y}upapd; rhzf;fpaj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jtjhf mike;Js;sJ. mopTg; ghijapy; nry;Yk; r%fj;ij mwnewpapd;ghy; ,l;Lr; nry;tjw;Fk; gioa mwnewpf;fUj;Jf;fis kPl;Lg;ghu;f;Fk; tifapYk; mwnewpapd; Njitnjhlu;ghd r%ftpopg;Gzu;it Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapYk; xU gd;dhl;Lf; fUj;juq;fj; jiyg;igj; njupTnra;jpUg;gijapl;L ehd; ngUkfpo;r;rpailfpd;Nwd;. ,t;thW fhyj;jpw;Nfw;w jiyg;ig njupTnra;J> mjid rpwg;Gw elj;Jk; gr;rKj;J fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; kfspu; fy;Y}upf;Fk; mjd; jkpo;j; Jiwj; jiytu; kw;Wk; Nguhrpaupau;fs;> Ma;thsu;fs; midtUf;Fk; vdJ kdkhu;e;j ghuhl;Lf;fisj; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. NkYk; ,J Nghd;w epfo;Tfs; njhlu;e;J eilngwNtz;Lk; vd;gNjhL ,g;gd;dhl;Lf; fUj;juq;fhdJ jq;fs; fy;Y}upf;F kl;Lkd;wpj; jkpo;$u; ey;Yyfj;jpw;Nf xU Gjpa cj;Ntfj;ij> ntspr;rj;ijj; jUk; epfo;thf mika vd; kdkhu;e;j tho;j;Jf;fis njuptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

A½kçûW

cyf ,yf;fpaq;fspy; goikAk; tsikAk; nrOikAk; nfhz;l ,yf;fzq;fisAk;> ,yf;fpaq;fisAk; ngw;W miktJ ek;Kila jkpo;nkhop. kf;fs; tho;tpd; ehfhpfj; njhl;by; jkpo;nkhop vd;why; mJ kpifahfhJ. cyf kf;fSf;F mw czh;Tfis ms;sp toq;fpath;fs; ek; Kd;Ndhh;fs;. ek; jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; mwf;fUj;Jf;fNs midj;J tifapYk; NkNyhq;fp epw;fpd;wd. jw;nghOJ ek; kf;fspilNa mw czh;Tfs; Fiwe;J tUfpd;wd. mijf; fz;L mwpTr; r%fk; ftiyAWfpd;wd. mw czh;Tfs; jdp czh;Tfshf khwp NtWg;gLfpd;wd. ,f;Fiwfis ePf;fp nghJthd mwf;fUj;Jf;fis ,d;iwa kf;fSf;F $WtNj ,f;fUj;juq;fj;jpd; Nehf;fk;. ek; ,yf;fpaq;fs; $Wk; mwf;$Wfisg; gw;wpa Ma;T E}y;fs; jkpopy; kpff;FiwT vd;gij ehk; mwpNthk;. Ma;thsh;fs; xU Fwpg;gpl;l rpy ,yf;fpaj;ij kl;Lk; Ma;Tf;F vLj;Jf;nfhz;L mjd;top mwf;fUj;Jf;fis Muha;e;Js;sdh;. ,j;jifa mZFKiwAk; NjitNa. ,e;E}y; gd;Kf fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itf;fpwJ. jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; ngUk; gug;gpy; mwf;fUj;Jf;fis xUNru mwpAk; Kfkhf ,e;E}y; cUthf;fk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ek; jkpo; $Wk; ey;Yyfj;jpd; ePz;l tuyhw;wikg;gpy; ntt;NtW fhyq;fspy; cUthd mwq;fis mwptJ ek; jkpo; ,yf;fpa Ma;tpy; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba ,d;wpaikahj Ma;thFk;. fhyj;jhYk;> Gtpapay; R+oyhYk;> r%f NtWghLfshYk; gd;Kfj;jd;ik nfhz;lJ. ek; jkpo;r; r%fk; ,q;F Njhd;wpa mwq;fis Muha;tJ rthyhd xd;whFk;. jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; mwf;fUj;Jf;fis kf;fs; midtUk; jpdKk; gfph;e;Jf; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;baJ tho;tpay; newpahFk;. r%f mwnewpKiwfs; ek; tho;tpd; rl;ljpl;lq;fshf mikaNtz;Lk;. mJNt ek; tho;tpd; topf;fhl;bahf mikaNtz;Lk;. mwf; fUj;Jf;fs; ey;yit jPait vJ vd;w kjpg;gPLfis nfhz;L mikfpwJ. ek; jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; rq;ffhy ,yf;fpak; njhlq;fp ,f;fhy ,yf;fpaq;fs; tiu midj;ijAk; cw;W Nehf;Fk;nghOJ ngUk;ghyhd mwq;fs; Mf;fepiy rhh;e;jitahfNt ,Uf;fpd;wd. vjph;epiyr; rhh;e;j fUj;Jf;fis fLikahf rhbNa epw;fpd;wd. ek; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; <ifahdJ xU tho;tpay; mwkhfNt fUjg;gLfpwJ. twpath;fSf;F <jy; vd;gJ Xh; Mf;fepiyg; gz;ghFk;. mNjNtis NghiuAk;> tPuj;ijAk; cah;thf vz;zp rpw;wpd;gj;ijAk;> mwkw;w nray;fisAk; ek; ,yf;fpaq;fs; fLikahf vjph;j;Nj te;Js;sd. ek; ,yf;fpaq;fs; gd;Kf mwq;fisf; fhl;b epw;fpd;wd. ngUk;ghyhd mwq;fs; mbg;gil mwq;fshFk;. ,t;twq;fs; ahTk; ,stajpypUe;Nj filg;gpbf;fNtz;Lk;. <d;W Gwk; jUjy; jha;f;F fld; vd;why; mf;Foe;ijia rhd;Nwhd; Mf;Fjy; je;ijf;Ff; fld; vd;gd Nghd;w gy mwq;fs; ek; kf;fspd; cs;sj;jpy; epiyj;Jtpl;ld. ek; jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fis Mo;e;J thrpf;Fk;NghJ gy;NtW mwf;fUj;Jfis fhzKbfpwJ. tho;tpw;F cfe;j mwq;fis jpUf;Fws; Nghd;w ePjp ,yf;fpaq;fs; typAWj;Jfpd;wd. ek; jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; rkak; rhh;e;j> rkak; rhuhj gy ghly;fs; cs;sd. ,g;ghly;fs; midj;Jk; me;je;j fhy vjhh;j;j epiyia tpthpf;Fk; mwf;$Wfis ekf;F czh;j;jp epw;fpd;wd. Nghh; mwq;fs; Fwpj;Jk; tho;tpay; mwq;fs; Fwpj;Jk; gz;ila ,yf;fpaq;fs; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. gpw;fhyj;jpy; mwE}y;fspy; jdpkdpj mwq;fis vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wd. gf;jp

,yf;fpaq;fs; Njhd;wpa fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; gf;jpawk; NkNyhq;fp fhzg;gl;lJ. mLj;jLj;J te;j ,yf;fpaq;fs; tho;tpd; nghJ mwq;fis cah;thf fUjpd.

,j;njhFg;gpy; cs;s fl;Liufs; ahTk; ek; gz;ila jkpo; r%f kugpy; fhzg;gl;l gd;Kf mwf;$Wfis gw;wp mwpa KbfpwJ. xt;nthU fl;LiuahsUk; jdpj;jiyg;gpy; Fwpg;gpl;l xU nghUz;ikia Muha;e;jpUg;gJ rpwg;G. mit ek; midthpd; ftdj;ijAk; <h;f;fpd;wd. fl;Liufs; ahTk; ek; jkpo; nrt;tpay; ,yf;fpaj;jpypUe;J ,t;Tyfj;jpw;F Njitahd ey;ywq;fis $w Kd;ndLj;jpUg;gJ kpFe;j rpwg;gpw;FhpaJ.

“ahJk; CNu ahtUk; Nfsph;” “cz;b nfhLj;Njhh; caph; nfhLj;NjhNu” “vj;Jiz MapDk; <jy; ed;W”

“Gfo; vdpd; capUq; nfhLf;Fth; gopnadpd; cyFld; ngwpDk; nfhs;syh;” “ey;yJ nra;jy; Mw;wPuhapDk; my;yJ nra;jy; Xk;Gkpd;” “nry;tj;Jg; gaNd <jy;”

Nghd;w cyfshtpa mwq;fs; kl;Lkpd;wp Nghuwk;> fhjywk;> gf;jpawk;> ,y;ywk;> Jwtwk;> murpaywk; Mfpait ek; jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fSs; nghjpe;Js;sd. mitay;yhky; jdp kdpj mwq;fshfpa fw;G> khdk;> Gfo;> xOf;fk;> <jy;> flik> ed;wp> tpUe;Njhk;gy;> nfhil> gfph;e;Jz;Zjy;> Foe;ijr; nry;tk; cs;spl;l ,d;dgpwTk; FLk;g mwq;fshf fhz;fpNwhk;. ek; tho;tpd; nghJ mwkhf rKjhak; rhh;e;j fy;tp> ey;y el;G> ngz;Kd;Ndw;wk;> rhd;Nwhh; nray;> kdpjNeak;> epiyahik> nfhy;yhik Nghd;wtw;iw ek; jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; $Wfpd;wd. ,j;jF njhd;ik tha;e;j jkpo;kf;fspd; mwq;fis ,d;iwa kf;fSf;F vLj;Jf;$Wk; tpjkhf gd;dhl;Lf; fUj;juq;fk; xd;iw elj;j vz;zpNdhk;. ,f;fUj;juq;fj;ij epfo;j;j vq;fs; md;gpw;Fk; kjpg;gpw;Fhpa ,f;fy;Y}hp eph;thfj;ij mZfp mjw;fhd ,irtpid ngw;W mjw;fhd gzpfis njhlq;fpNdhk;. fUj;juq;f ehsd;W “jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; $Wk; mwnewpf; $Wfs;” vd;w jiyg;gpy; fl;Liuj; njhFg;ig ntspapLtJ ek; midthpd; Nehf;fk;. ,f;fl;Liu njhFg;ghdJ rpwg;NghL mike;jpUg;gJ ,g;gd;dhl;L fUj;juq;fk; elj;Jtjw;F cWJiz gag;gjhy; mike;jpUg;gJ kfpo;r;rpf;FhpaJ. fhyj;ij ntd;W epiyj;J epw;Fk; fUj;Jg; ngl;lkhf ,t;twf; $Wfs; jpfOk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. ,e;E}y; rpwg;Gw miktjw;F ,uT gfy; ghuhJ cioj;j Nguhrphpag; ngUkf;fSf;F ed;wp. ,f;fUj;juq;fk; ntw;wp ngw nghpJk; cjtp Ghpe;j gr;rKj;J fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; kfsph; fy;Y}hp eph;thff;jpw;Fk;> Kjy;th; mth;fSf;Fk; vkJ ed;wpiaj; njhptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

Kidth; k. rjhrptk; jkpo;j;Jiwj; jiyth;


t.vz;. jiyg;G gf;fk; vz;.

1 GwehD}W $Wk; nghJtpay; mwr;rpe;jidfs; Kidth; kh.rjhrptk;

1

2 mw ,yf;fpaq;fspy; kf;fs; mwk; Kidtu; ,uh.kyu;tpop

5

3 jpUf;FwSk; mJ czu;j;Jk; mw fUj;Jf;fSk;

nry;tp.S.brpNjtp 9

4 ftpQh; thypapd; jpiuapirg; ghly;fspy; mwnewp fUj;Jfs; f.rq;fh;

12

5 ts;Sth; tFj;j ,y;yw khz;Gfs; jpU.nr.nja;tk;

15

6 goe;jkpoupd; tpUe;Njhk;gy; Kidtu; Nt.rrpfyh

18

7 rpyg;gjpfhuk; fhl;Lk; tho;tpay; mwk; Nfh.<Rtud;

21

8 mwE}y;fs; czh;j;Jk; tho;tpay; Kidth; rp.fNzrd;

24

9 kzpNkfiy fhl;Lk; MGj;jpudpd; mwk; Kidth; ,u.nre;jpy;uhzp

28

10 ehybahh; fhl;Lk; tho;tpay; mwq;fs; if.g.,uhN[];thp

31

11 mfehD}w;wpy; fw;G newp jp.uhjh

34

12 ngupaGuhzk; fhl;Lk; tWikAYk; tOthik k.mdpjh

37

13 jkpohpd; Fynja;t topghl;L Kiwfs; K.n[a;Fkhh;

40

14 rh.fe;jrhkp ehty;fspy; cwTfs; K.N[hjp

42

15 ,d;dh ehw;gJ> ,dpait ehw;gjpy; murDf;Fhpa tho;tpay; mwq;fs;; Kidth; m.gphpah

45

16 jkpoh;fspd; Ntshz;ikr; rpe;jidfs; kh.nry;tFkhh;

48

17 GwehD}w;wpy; mwf;$Wfs; F.kNf\;tud;

50

18 irt itzt ,yf;fpaq;fspy; mwk; Nfh.N[hjpkzp

54

19 Kidg;ghbahu; ,aw;wpa mwnewpr;rhuk; (top) czu;j;Jk; mwnewpf; $Wfs; n[.c~huhzp

58

20 Nkyhz;ik nghd;Dr;rhkpapd; gilg;Gfspy; mwnewpf; $Wfs; ,uh.Kj;Jyl;Rkp

63

21 Nghh;f;fhy ,yf;fpaq;fspy; mwk; F.gtpj;uh

67

22 gjpw;Wg;gj;jpy; mwnewpf; $Wfs; f.Rkjp

70

23 jpdkzpapy; ,isQh;kzp Fwpg;gpLk; tho;tpay; mwnewpf;$Wfs; tp.rpe;J

73

24 rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; ngz;fspd; r%f epiy jp.rpth

76

25 jkpopyf;fpaq;fs; fhl;Lk; mwnewpf;$Wfs; jpUkjp.F.nr.ru];tjp

79

26 jpUf;Fwspy; Jwtwtpay; $Wk; mwf;fUj;Jf;fs; ng.rilanyl;Rkp

83

27 rkzf; fhg;gpaq;fspy; mwnewpf; $Wfs; [p.rd;kjp

86

28 Iq;FWE}W ,Uj;jy; - $w;Wk; mikg;GKiwAk; Kidtu; K.n[fjPrd;

90

29 esntz;gh vLj;Jiuf;Fk; rKjha mwk; f.N[hjpKUfd;

95

30 kzpNkfiy fpisf;fijfspd; ngsj;j mwf;fUj;Jfs; Kidtu; R.Ngr;rpak;khs;

98

31 KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp $Wk; xOf;f newpfs; nry;td;.F.gpujP];tud;

105

32 jpUf;Fwspy; nghUspay; newp Kidth; f.utpr;re;jpud;

109

33 ehybahh; fhl;Lk; <if rh.gphpah

113

34 ePjp E}y;fs; czHj;Jk; epiyahik mwk; க.

116

35 rq;f fhy mwg;Nghh;fSk; kwg;Nghh;fSk; ,uh.,uhkJiu

121

36 GwehD}W Fwpg;gpLk; Gutyh;fspd; mwnewpfs; k.Mde;jts;sp

125

37 Mog;gjpe;j mwnewpfs; gh.rk;gj;Fkhu;

128

38 gjpw;Wg;gj;J fgpyH ghlypy; tho;tpay; newp jpUkjp. g.rpj;uhNjtp

131

39 Mrhuf; Nfhit fhl;Lk; mwnewpf; $Wfs;; Nguh.f.eP. ,sq;Nfhtd;

136

40 jpUf;Fws; fhl;Lk; ,y;yw khz;Gfs; nt.Rkjp;

139

41 fy;fpapd; ehty; fhl;Lk; mwk; Kidth; Nfh.eph;kyhNjtp

142

42 jkpopyf;fpaq;fspy; mwk; GytH f.FNyhj;Jq;fd;

146

43 jpUke;jpuj;jpy; jdpkdpj mwk; f.jkpo;r;nry;tp

150

44 jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; $Wk; el;G mwk; g.ee;jpdp

154

45 ehl;Lg;Gw kf;fspd; ek;gpf;ifapy; mwptpay; rpe;jidfs;;; Nfh.mdpjh

157

46 க க க .

160

47 Ke;ePH tof;fk; kf^ cNthL ,y;iy KidtH Nt.rz;Kfk;

163

48 jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; $Wk; milf;fyk;;; Nfh.kPdh

167

49 ehd;kzpf;fbif $Wk; mwnewpfs; K.%h;j;jp

170

50 ‘xU rpW ,ir’ rpWfijapy; mwf;fUj;Jf;fs; rp.ee;jpdp

174

51 ts;Stk; $Wk; mwk; kh.N[hjp

176

52 fypq;fj;J guzp $Wk; Nghh; mwk; r.Mjpguhrf;jp

179

53 GwehD}W Nghw;Wk; Nghu; mwk; Kidtu; fh.rptfhkp

182

54 jpUg;nghw;Rz;zj;jpy; tho;tpay; mwq;fs; K.jpahfuh[d;

185

55 mfehD}w;wpy; tho;tpay; mwq;fs; Kidth; ng.RNu~;

188

56 KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp $Wk; tho;tpay; rpe;jidfs;; K.fy;gdh

193

57 ehyb ehD}w;wpy; mwk; r.tpNdhjpdp

196

58 Mrhuf;Nfhit $Wk; xOf;fnewp f.gphpah

198

59 jphpfLfk; fhl;Lk; mwr;rpe;jidfs; f.mgpeah

201

60 gjpw;Wg;gj;jpy; GutyH nfhilawk; F.jPgh

205

61 njhy;fhg;gpa mfj;jpizapay; $Wk; mwf;fUj;Jf;fs; ng.t[;[puNty;

209

62 ts;Sth; $Wk; mwf;fUj;Jf;fs; Kidth; R.,uh[nyl;Rkp

213

63 jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; fhl;Lk; <if mwk; K.jkpo;r;nry;tp

216

64 mjpakhdpd; mwtho;T Kidth; m.gphpah

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65 fz;zjhrd; ftpijfspy; mwnewpf;$Wfs; ,uh.rq;fNu];thp

222

66 rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; gid KidtH R.ftpd;

225

67 Fkhu fhtpaq;fspy; mwk; Kidth; k.~Pyh =epthrd;

229

68 rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; jkpoh; tho;tpay; mwq;fs;;; Kidth; uh.rhe;jp

236

69 jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; mwnewpf; $Wfs; it.Nty;KUfd;

239

70 ehybahh; typAWj;Jk; mwf;fUj;Jf;fs;;; Kidth; e.ghkh

244

71 rq;fg; ghly;fspy; koiyau; Kidtu; nr.KUfehjd;

248

72 fz;zjhrd; jpiuapirg; ghly;fspy; mwnewp fUj;Jf;fs;; Nfh.GtNd];thp

252

73 ntwpahl;laHjy; KidtH Ngh.fhHj;jpfh

255

74 rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; mwf;fy;tpr; rpe;jidfs; Kidtu; ,uh. Rkjp

259

75 tho;tpay; mwq;fs; Kidth; nt.eph;kyh

263

76 rpWth; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; mwk; M.gpurhe;j;

267

77 ehybahhpy; tho;tpay; newpfs; ng.Gdpjh

271

78 jpUf;Fwspy; mwnewpfs; M.kPdh

275

79 K.tujuhrd; tpLjiyah? rpWfijfspy; kdpjk; tP.thRfp

278

80 ehybahH $Wk; fy;tpmwk; fp.rq;fPjh

283

81 cyfePjp nkhope;j Ntz;lhj Ngr;RfSk; cyfehjH gad;gLj;jpa nrhw;fSk; r.c\h

287

82 mfehD}w;wpy; mwnewpf; $Wfs; Nfh.myNkY

292

83 rq;ffhy Ntshz;ikapy; mwk; g.ghy;ehafk;

295

84 ehybahH czHj;Jk; ey;ywk; KidtH f.nry;tuhzp

298

85 esntz;gh $Wk; mwk; K.khhpak;khs;

302

86 ,ul;ilf; fhg;gpaq;fspy; mwk; K.tp[aFkhh;

305

87 kzpNkfiy fpisf;fijfspd; Guhzf;$Wfs; top mwf;fUj;Jfs; Kidth; j.f. [h];kpd; Rjh

309

88 ,dpait ehw;gjpy; ,yf;fpa mwk; ngh.Mde;jp

315

UXo 3 º\lÀRr 1 AdúPôTo 2018 ISSN 2454-3993

TdLm 1

GwehD}W $Wk; nghJtpay; mwr;rpe;jidfs;

Kidth; kh.rjhrptk;>vk;.V.>vk;./gpy;.>gpvr;.b.>

cjtpg;Nguhrpah;> jkpo;j;Jiwj;jiyth; gr;rKj;J fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; kfsph; fy;Y}hp> jUkGhp

Kd;Diu rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; xd;whd GwehD}W ek; jkpoh; gz;ghl;bd; xU rpwe;j mwg;ngl;lfk; vd;why; mJ kpifahfhJ. goikAk;ngUikAk; kpf;f jkpo;nkhopapy; Njhd;wpa ,e;E}y; ekf;nfy;yhk; mwpTf; fUT+ykhfTk; ek; tuyhw;iwak; jhq;fp epw;fpd;wJ. “ fy;Njhd;wp kz; Njhd;whf; fhyj;Nj thnshL Kd;Njhd;wp %j;jf;Fb” vd;W ek; gok;ngUikia Gwg;nghUs; ntz;ghkhiyapy; Iadhhpjdhh; Rl;Lfpd;whh;. fhjYk; tPuKk; mwf; $Wfspy; rpwe;J tpsq;fpd. ,t;tpU gz;ghl;Lf; $Wfs; gz;ila jkpohpd; tho;tpy; rpwg;GkpF epiyapy; ,Ue;jd vd;gij ek; ,yf;fpaq;fs; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. mt;tifapy; GwehD}w;wpy; nghJtpay; mwr;rpe;jidfis Ma;tNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. mwk; tpsf;fk; tho;f;ifapypUe;J Njhd;WtJ ,yf;fpak;. ,yf;fpaj;jpd; Nehf;fk; mwj;ij typAwj;jp $WtJ MFk;. mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk;> tPL vDk; ehd;F cWjpg;nghUspy; Kjyhtjhf Rl;lg;gLtJ mwNkahFk;. mwNk vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; %ykhf mikfpd;wJ. xt;nthU jdp kdpjDk; mwk; rhh;e;Nj thoNtz;Lk; vd;gJ rhd;Nwhhpd; thf;F. murpay; gpioj;Njhh;f;F mwk; $w;whFk; vd;gij cuf;fr; nrhy;fpd;wJ rpyg;gjpfhuk;. mwk;> ,y;ywk; Jwtwk; vd ,Ughw;gLk;. ,y;ywk; nfhLj;jy;> mspj;jy;> Nfhly;> ,d;ik> xOf;fk;> Gzh;jy;> Gzh;Njhiug; Ngzy;> Nghd;wd. Jwtwk; Jwj;jy;> mlf;fk;> J}a;ik> jtk; Nghd;w gpwTk; vd;fpwJ tPur;Nrhopak;. mwk; vd;w nrhy;ypw;F jkpopy; vl;Ltifahd nghUs;fs; cs;sd. mij ey;nyhOf;fk;> ew;gz;G> ePjp> flik> <if> mUs;;> Gz;zpak;> rkak; vd;fpwhh; f.j.jpUehTf;fuR. mwk; vdg;gLtJ czTk;> clikAk; ,Uf;f ,lKk; jug;gLtJ vd;fpwJ kzpNkfiy. “ mwnkdg; gLtJ ahnjdf; Nfl;gpd; kwthJ ,J Nfs; kz;Zaph;f;nfy;yhk; cz;bwk;> cilSk; ciwAUk; my;yJ fz;lJ ,y;” - (kzpNkfiy.kzpgy;y.228-233) vd;Wk; mbfs; Nkw;nfhz;l fUj;Jf;Fr; rhd;whfpd;wd. mwe;jpdhy; nghUs; <l;b tho;tNj tho;f;if vd;W njhy;fhg;gpak; $Wfpd;wJ. ,f;fUj;ij> “ ,d;gKk; - nghUSk; mwDk; vd;whq;F md;nghL Gzh;e;j Ie;jpiz” - (njhy;.fh.228-253) vd;w E}w;ghtpd; top mwpaKbfpwJ. GwehD}W $Wk; xOf;fk; ek; r%fj;jpy; rkPg fhyq;fspy; jdp kdpj xOf;fq;fs; Fiwe;J tUtJ ek; midtiuAk; ftiyaila itf;fpd;wd. ,t;nthOf;f Fiwg;ghl;il mwNt ePf;fp> mwj;ij NkNyhq;fr; nra;tJ ek; midthpd; flikahFk;. jdp kdpj xOf;fj;ij ek; ,yf;fpaq;fs; typAWj;jpNa te;jpUf;fpd;wd. GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;fspy; nghJf;fUj;Jfshf jdp kdpj xOf;fk;> tho;tpay;


TdLm 2

Kiw> murdpd; xOf;fk;> Mlthpd; xOf;fk;> nry;tj;jpd; gad;> Foe;ij nry;tk;> ew;nray;fs;> nrt;tpa tho;T> ey;y el;G> ek; flikfs;> epiyahik Nghd;w mwf;$Wfis vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wd. nghJ mwj;jpd; Nehf;fk; gz;ila jkpoh;fs; tPuk; nghUe;jpath;fshfTk;> gz;ghL cilath;fshfTk; ,Ue;jjhy; cyfk; epiyj;jpUf;fpwJ vd;w fUj;ij> “ cz;lhy;mk;k ,t;Tyfk;> ,e;jpuh; mkpo;jk; ,iat jhapDk;> ,dpJ vdf; jkpah; cz;lYk; ,yNu Kdptpyh; JQ;rYk; ,yh; gpwh; mQ;RtJ mQ;rpg; Gfo;vdpd;> capUq; nfhLf;Fth; gopnadpd; cyFld; ngwpDk; nfhs;syh; mah;tpyh; md;d khl;rp mida uhfj; jkf;nfd Kayh Nehd;jhs; gpwh; nfd KaYk; cz;ikahNd” - Gwk;.182. vd;w ghly; %yk; flYs; kha;e;j ,sk;ngUtOjp $wpapUg;gJ ek; Kd;Ndhh;fspd; nghJ mwg;gz;ghl;bd; Nehf;fkhf ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wJ. ey;yr; nray;fis nra;a Kbahtpl;lhYk; mwky;yhr; nraiy nra;ahjPh;fs; vd;gJ kpfr; rpwe;j nghJmwkhFk;. ,t;twNk cq;fis ey;topg;gLj;Jk; vd;fpwJ GwehD}W. “ ey;yJ nra;jy; Mw;wP uhapDk; my;yJ nra;jy; Xk;Gkpd; mJjhd; vy;yhUk; cWg;gJ md;wpAk; ey;yhw;Wg; g^ck; newpAkh uJNt” - Gwk;.195. vd;w ghly; thpfspd; %yk; jdpkdpj xOf;fnewpia Rl;LfpwJ. NkYk; cah;e;j FwpNfhSlDk;> ey;tpidiar; nra;NthuhfTk; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd GwehD}W (214) $Wfpd;wJ. vy;yh Ch;fSk;ek; Ch;fNs kf;fs; ahtUk; ek; cwTfNs ekf;F tUk; ,d;gk; ahTk;> Jd;gk; ahTk; ek;khy; tUgitNa jtpu gpwuhy; tUgitay;y. NehjYk; mJ jPh;jYk; mtw;iwg; Nghy tUtdNt. rhjy; GjpaJk; md;W. fUtpy; Njhd;wpa ehNs Fwpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Mifahy; tho;tpy; ntWg;Gkpy;iy ctj;jYkpy;iy Nguhw;W ePHtopr; nry;Yk; njg;gk; Nghy cah;tho;topNa nry;Yk; ed;ikapy; kpf;ftiu ehk; kjpg;gJkpy;iy. rpwpNahiu ,fo;jYk; ,y;iy vd;w fUj;ij “ ahJk; CNu ahtUk; Nfsph;” - Gwk;.192 vd;w Gwg;ghly; top cyfj;jkpohpd; xOf;fj;jpw;F ,t;twTiu miwf;$tyhf mikfpd;wJ. flikiar; nra;jy; ek; Kd;Ndhh;fs; jq;fSf;nfd;W flikfis tFj;Jf;nfhz;L tho;e;jpUf;fpd;wdh;. rpy Ntisfspy; xUth; jdJ flikia kPWk; epiyapy; mth;fisf; fbe;Jk;> mwpTWj;jpAk; te;jpUf;fpd;wdh;. kfidg;ngw;W> mtid ghJfhj;jy; vd;Dila Kjw;flikahFk;. mtid jd; Fyj;jpw;Fhpa gilf;fyg; gapw;rp> fy;tp> mjidg; ngWtjw;Fhpa mwpT> mjw;Fhpa nray;fs; Mfpatw;why; epiwe;jtdhf Mf;Fjy; je;ijapd; flikahFk;. Nty; Kjypa gilf;fUtpfis jpUj;jkhfr; nra;JnfhLj;jy; nfhy;yDf;Fhpa flikahFk;. Nghh; gapw;rp Kjypait mspj;jy; me;ehl;ilahSk; murdpd; Kjw; flikahFk;. xsptpLfpd;w this Ve;jp Nghhpy; gifth;fis ntd;W ahidg; gilia mopj;J kPSjy; fhisahfpa tPuDf;F flikahFk;. ,ij> “ <d;W Gwe;jUjy; vd;jiyf; flNd! rhd;Nwhd; Mf;Fjy; je;ijf;Ff; flNd! Nty; tbj;Jf; nfhLj;jy; nfhy;yw;Ff; flNd! ed;dil ey;fy; Nte;jw;Ff; flNd! xspW ths; mUQ;rkk; KUf;fp fspW vwpe;J ngah;jy; fhisf;Ff; flNd”


TdLm 3

vd;W rq;ffhyj; jha; xUj;jp xt;nthUthpd; flikfis $Wfpwhs;. murd; jd;Dila ehl;L kf;fsplk; Fiwthd thpiag;ngwNtz;Lk;. mjw;Fhpa Ml;fis epakpf;f Ntz;Lk;. jd; cwTfis mg;gzpfspy; epakpj;jiy jtph;f;f Ntz;Lk;. mwkw;w nghUl;ngUf;fj;jpid jtph;g;gJ murdpd; flikahFk;. ,y;iynadpy; ahid GFe;j new;fodp Nghy kf;fs; Jd;gg;gLth;(Gwk;.184) vd gprpuhe;ijahh; murdpd; flikiaf; $WtJ ,q;F ftdpf;fj;jf;fJ. NkYk; cyf kf;fisf; fhg;gJ ney;Yk;> ePUk; kl;Lkd;W kf;fis fhg;gJ Nte;jdpd; Kjw;filik murNd kf;fSf;F cz;ikahd capuhf ,Ug;gtd; mij czh;e;J mjw;Nfw;g kf;fisg; Ngzp elg;gNj murdpd; flikahFk; vd;;W GwehD}W top mwpaKbfpwJ(Gwk;.186). Mlth; xOf;fk; MltuJ xOf;fNk cyf Nkk;ghl;bw;F mbg;gil vd;fpwJ GwehD}w;Wg; ghly; gz;ila fhy kf;fspd; xOf;fj;jpy; Mz;fspd; xOf;fk; Nkd;ikahf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd xsitahh; fUjpapUf;fpd;whh;. ehlhdhy; vd;d? fhlhdhy; vd;d? Nklhdhy; vd;d gs;skhdhy; vd;d vt;tplj;jpy; Mlth; mwptpYk;> Mw;wypYk;> gz;gpYk;> tPuj;jpYk; ey;yth;fshf ,Uf;fpwhh;fNsh me;j ,lj;jpNy epyNk> ePAk; ey;tsKk; nghUshjhuKk; ngw;Wk; tpsq;Ftha; vd;fpwhh;. ‘ehlh nfhd;Nwh fhlh nfhd;Nwh mtyh nfhd;Nwh kpirah nfhd;Nwh vt;top ey;tyh; Mlth; mt;top ey;iy thopa epyNd” - Gwk;.187 vd;w ghlypy; Mzpd; xOf;fj;ij Fwpg;gpl;L xsitahh; Vd; ghbapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. chpa fhuzk; ,y;yhky; ghbapUf;fkhl;lhh;. rq;f fhyj;jpy; muR> ghJfhg;G> Nghh;> Nghh; gapw;rpf;F Nghd;w midj;Jk; Mz; trNk ,Ue;jJ. ngz;fs; mjpfhuj;jpYk; NghhpYk; gq;Fnfhs;Sk; tof;fk; ,y;yhjjhy; Mltdpd; xOf;fj;ijf; Fwpg;gpl;L ghbapUf;fpwhh;. nry;tj;jpd; gad; <jy; cyfpy; cs;s vy;yh kf;fSf;Fk; mbg;gilj; Njitfis GwehD}W tiuaWj;Jf; $Wfpd;wJ. kdpjd; jd; Njitf;F mjpfkhd nry;tj;ij Vio kf;fSf;F mspf;fNtz;Lk; vd $Wfpd;wJ. “ njd;fly; tshfk; nghJik apd;wp ntz;Fil epow;wpa xUik Nahh;f;Fk; eLehs; ahkj;Jk; gfYk; JQ;rhd; fLkhg; ghh;f;Fk; fy;yh xUtw;Fk; cz;gJ ehop cLg;git ,uz;Nl gpwTk; vy;yhk; xnuhf;FNkh nry;tj;Jg; gaNd <jy; Ja;g;Nghk; vdpNd jg;Ge gyNt” vd;w ghly; top murDf;Fk; tpyq;Ffis Ntl;ilahLk; fy;yh twpNahDf;Fk; cz;zg;gLk; czT ehopasNt cLf;fg;gLgit miuahil> Nkyhil vd ,uz;NlahFk;. ,it Nghy gpw NjitfSk; mt;tsNt. vdNt nry;tj;jpd; gadhtJ twpath;fSf;F cte;J nfhLj;jNy rpwe;jjhFk;. jhNk Efh;Nthk; vd epidj;J Nrh;j;J itj;jth;fs; mij Efuhky; tpl;lth;fNs mjpfk;.


TdLm 4

kf;fl;NgW Foe;ij Ngw;wpd; rpwg;ig GwehD}W> “ gilg;Gg;gy gilj;Jg; gyNuhL cz;Zk; cilg;ngUQ; nry;th; MapDk;> ,ilg;glf; FWFW ele;J> rpWif ePl;b ,l;Lk; njhl;Lk;> ft;tpAk;> Joe;Jk; nea;Ail mbrpy; nka;gl tpjph;j;Jk; kaf;FW kf;fis ,y;Nyhh;f;Fg; gaf;Fiw ,y;iyj; jk; thOk; ehNs” vd;w ghly; gytifahdtw;iw gilj;J gyNuhL mkh;e;J cz;Zk; ngUQ;nry;th; MapDk; FWk;Gfshy; njhy;iyr;nra;Ak; Foe;ijfs; ,y;yhjth;fSf;F jhk; tho;ehnsy;yhk; gadw;w ehs;fNs vd;W $Wtjd; %yk; Foe;ijfspd; rpwg;igf; $Wfpd;wJ. KbTiu gz;ila jkpoh;fspd; ngUikia> tuyhw;iw> gz;ghl;il GwehD}w;wpy; mwpe;jpUf;Fk; msTf;F NtW vq;Fkpy;iy. ,t;tha;tpy; $wg;gl;Ls;s fUj;Jf;fs; kl;Lky;yhky; NkYk; el;G> tWik> r%f tho;T> tPuk;> nfhil> mwg;Nghh;> tpUe;Njhk;gy;> Fbg;ngUik Nghw;Wk; ngz;fs;> gz;ila muR Nghd;witnay;yhk; $Wfpd;wJ. Nkw;fz;l Ma;Tf; fUj;Jf;fs; vy;yhk; vy;yh kf;fSf;fhd nghJf;fUj;Jfs; vy;yhk; nghJthdr; rpe;jidahf Muhag;gl;lJ.


TdLm 5

mw,yf;fpaq;fspy; kf;fs; mwk;

Kidtu; ,uh.kyu;tpop cjtpg;Nguhrpupau;> jkpopay;Jiw

mz;zhkiyg; gy;fiyf;fofk;> mz;zhkiyefu;

Kd;Diu ,y;yw tho;tpd; ,dpikf;Fr; rhd;whfj; jpfo;tJ kf;fl;NgW MFk;. ed;kf;fisg; ngWtNj ,y;tho;f;ifapd; gadhFk; vd;gNj Fws; $Wk; newpahFk;. ngw;wtu;fs; jq;fs; kf;fisg; ngw;WtpLtNjhL kl;Lky;yhky; mtu;fisf; fy;tp Nfs;tpfshy; rpwe;j rhd;Nwhu;fshf;FtJ rpwe;jJ vd;gJ jkpou; fz;l tho;tpay; newpahFk;. mw,yf;fpaq;fs; ed;kf;fisg; ngw;nwLj;jy;> tsu;j;jy;> fy;tp Gfl;Ljy;> rhd;Nwhd; Mf;Fjy; Mfpa flikfisg; ngw;wtu;fSf;Ff; Fwpg;gpLk; mNjNtisapy;> gps;isfs; jq;fs; ngw;wtu;fSf;Fr; nra;a Ntz;ba flikfs; Fwpj;Jk;> rKjhak;> ehl;bw;Fr; nra;aNtz;ba flg;ghLfs; Fwpj;Jk; tpupthfg; NgrpAs;sd. jkpo; mw E}y;fs; vLj;Jiuf;Fk; kf;fs; mwk; Fwpj;J ,f;fl;Liuapy; Muhag; ngWfpd;wJ. kf;fl;nry;tk; kf;fl;NgW> Fbg;ngUikiaj; njhlHe;J epiyngWtjw;Fk;> epyTilik> muRupik ,tw;wpd; cupikf;Fk; Njitahdjhfr; rq;f fhyj;jpy; mike;jpUe;jJ. KJikf; fhyj;jpy; ngw;Nwhiuf; fhg;ghw;wp> mtHfs; ,we;jgpd; mtu;fSf;fhd <kr;rlq;Ffs; nra;aTk;> njd;Gyj;jhH fld; nra;aTk; Gjy;tHg;NgW ,d;wpaikahj; NjitahfpwJ. tPuk; ngUik ngw;w rq;f fhyj;jpy; Nghupl Mz;kfNd Njitg;gl;lhd;. Mjyhy; Gjy;tHg;NgW ngUikahff; fUjg;gl;lJ. mwE}y;fs; kw;w nry;tj;ijtpl kf;fl;nry;tNk caHthdjhff; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. jiytp vg;nghOJk; fw;Gilik> kf;fl;Ngw;NwhNlNa Gfog;gLfpd;whs;. rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy;> “flTs; fw;nghL Fbf;Ftpsf;F Mfpa Gjy;tw; gae;j Gfo;kpF rpwg;gpd; ed;d uhl;bf;F md;wpAk;” (ew;. 167) vd;W jiytp fw;Gilik> Gjy;tHg;NgW> ew;gz;Gfs; Mfpatw;Wf;fhfg; Gfog;gLjy; fhzyhk;. kd;dtd; jdf;Fg; gpwF ehl;ilahSk; muRupikiaj; jd; kfDf;Fj; jUtNj Kiw. mjw;Fj; jhak; vd;W ngaH. vdNt> kfl;Ngw;iw tpl kfw;NgW Njitahfpd;wJ. ,dpa ,y;ywk; vdpy; kf;fl;NgW ,lk;ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jidNa> “kaf;FW kf;fis apy;NyhHf;Fg; gaf;FW ,y;iyj; jhk;thOk; ehNs” (GwehD}W> gh. 190) vd;fpwhH mwpTilek;gp. ,k;ik-kWik ,d;gq;fis ed;kf;fisg; ngw;NwhH va;JtH vd;W rq;ffhy kf;fs; ek;gpdH. kfd; Cly; jPHf;fpwhd;@ guj;ijaplk; nry;Yk; jiytidj; jLf;fpwhd;@ mtdhy; ,k;ik ,d;gKk;> kWik ,d;gKk; fpilf;fpd;wJ. thuprhfTk; njd;Gyj;jhH fld;nra;aTk;> Nghu;;nghUl;Lk; Gjy;td; Njitg;gLfpwhd;. kf;fis tsHj;jy; kf;fl;Ngw;wpidg; ngww;fupa ngUQ;nry;tkhf ciuj;j jpUts;StH> mtHfsJ nray;fshy; ngw;wtHfs; ngWk; ,d;gq;fis tFj;Jiuj;Js;shH. mtHfis ey;ywpTilatHfshf> fy;tpapy; rpwe;Njhuhf> ew;gz;Gfs; kpFe;Njhuhf tsHj;jy; fliknadf; fUjpdhH jpUts;StH. jpUf;Fwspy; ,lk;ngWk; ed;kf;fl;NgW> mwptwpe;j kf;fl;NgW> gz;Gil kf;fs; vd;Dk; njhlHfshYk; ,jid czuyhk;.


TdLm 6

kf;fs; nry;tnkdf; fUjg;glj;jf;f ew;Fz ew;gz;Gfis cilatuhjy; mg;ngw;Nwhupd; nray;fspdhNyahFk;. MfNt> kf;fspd; mwpTj;jpwk;> Fzeyk; Mfpatw;iw cUthf;Ftjpy; ngw;NwhUf;F mjpfg; nghWg;GzHT Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. Foe;ijfspd; cly;eyj;ijg; Ngzy;> mtHf;fhfg; nghUsPl;Ljy; Kjypa nra;aj;jf;f ahtw;wpYk; mtHfis mwpTk; gz;Gk; kpf;Nfhuhf;fp mitaj;jpy; Ke;jpapUg;gr; nra;jNy rpwe;j cjtpahFk; vd;gjid> “je;ij kfw;fhw;Wk; cjtp mitaj;J Ke;jp apUg;gr; nray;” (Fws;. 65) vd;W Fwpj;Js;shH. kf;fSf;Ff; fy;tp fw;gpf;Fk; nghWg;G rpwg;ghfj; je;ijAilanjdpDk; jhAk; jd; gps;isfs; mwpTilatHfshfTk;> rhd;NwhuhfTk; tsu Ntz;Lnkd tpiofpwhs;. mjw;Fj; jhDk; cjTfpwhs;. ,t;thHtk; rq;f fhyj;jpYk; jha;khHfSf;F ,Ue;Js;sJ vd;gjid> “ <d;WGwe; jUjy; vd;wiyf; flNd rhd;Nwhd; Mf;Fjy; je;ijf;Ff; flNd ................... ed;dil ey;fy; Nte;jw;Ff; flNd” (GwehD}W> gh. 188) vd;Dk; GwehD}w;Wg; ghlYk; njspTWj;Jfpd;wJ. ,j;jF rpwg;gpidf; fUjpa jpUts;StH> “ <d;w nghOjpd; ngupJtf;Fk; jd;kfidr; rhd;Nwhd; vdf;Nfl;l jha;” (Fws;. 69) vd;w Fwspd; %yk; Gyg;gLj;jpAs;shH. Foe;ij gpwf;Fk;NghJ mJ Fwpj;J vOe;j kfpo;r;rpiatpl mtd; ngupatdhfpr; rhd;Nwhd; vd;w ngaH ngWk;NghJ jha; mjpf kfpo;r;rp milfpd;whs;. xUkfd; mwpTilatdha; tpsq;FtJ> mtdJ ngw;NwhHf;F kl;Lk; kfpo;r;rp jUk; nrayd;W@ mJ kz;ZapHf;nfy;yhk; ,d;gk; juj;jf;f nrayhFk; vd;gjid> “jk;kpd; jk;kf;fs; mwpTilik khepyj;J kd;DapHf; nfy;yhk; ,dpJ” (Fws;. 68) vd;Dk; Fws;top vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whH. ,f;Fwspd; top jpUts;StH ciuf;Fk; mwkhtJ> mwpTilatuhf kf;fs; tpsq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj MFk;. mwptpy; rpwe;jtuhfg; gps;isfis tsHf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W mwpTWj;JtjidAk; fhzyhk;. ,f;Fws;> kf;fs; mwpTilNahuhf ,Ug;gpd; mijf; Fwpj;Jg; ngw;NwhH kfpo;tijtplr; rKjhaj;jpy; gpwH kfpo;tH vd;Dk; nghUisAk; jUfpd;wJ. vt;thwhapDk; ngw;NwhH kl;Lkd;wpg; gpwUk; kfpo;jy; kd;DapHf; nfy;yhk; ,dpJ vd;w njhluhy; $wg;gl;lJ. MfNt> fy;tpaspj;jy; rpwg;ghfg; ngw;NwhH nghWg;Ng MapDk; rKjhak; KOtJk; mjpy; ftdnkLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W jpUts;StH tpUk;Gfpd;whH. ,isNahH ngWk; fy;tpahy; rKjhak; ed;ndwpf;fz; nry;Yk; vd;gJ jpUts;Stupd; fUj;jpayhFk;. ,jdhy; tpistJ rKjhaj;jpw;F ed;ikNa vd;gJ fUjpNa ,t;thW Fwpj;jhH. ,jd; njhlHr;rpahfNt> “mwptpdhy; MFtJz;Nlh gpwpjpd; Neha; je;Neha;Nghy; Nghw;whf; fil” (Fws;. 315) vd;whH. fy;tpAk; mwpTk; gpupj;jwpa ,ayhjit MFk;. kf;fSf;Fupa mwk; jd;idr; rhd;Nwhdhf;f tpioe;j ngw;NwhHf;F kfd; my;yJ kfs; nra;a Ntz;ba cjtpiaAk; jpUts;StH>

“kfd;je;ijf; fhw;Wk; cjtp ,td;je;ij vd;Ndhw;whd; nfhy;vDk; nrhy;” (Fws;. 70)

vd;Dk; Fws;top vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whH. kfd; je;ijf;Fr; nra;aj;jf;f cjtp ,td; je;ij ,j;jifa Gjy;tidg; ngWtjw;F vd;d jtk; nra;jhNdh? vdf; $WkhW ele;J nfhs;tNj MFk;. ,f;Fws;. kfd; je;ijf;Ff; fPo;g;gbjy; Ntz;Lk;. je;ijf;F kjpg;gspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.


TdLm 7

je;ij KJikAw;wNghJ nghUsspj;Jk; gpwtifapy; cjtpAk; fhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. NehAw;why; Mtd nra;jply; Ntz;Lk; vd;gjidAk; njspTWj;Jfpd;wJ. jha; je;ijaiu ,fo;e;J NgRtJk;> mtHfSf;F khwhf ele;J nfhs;tJk;> mtHfs; ,we;jNghJ Jd;gg;glhJ ,Ug;gJk;> mwk; nra;ahJ ,Uj;jYk; %lHfs; nra;Ak; nrayhFk; vd;gjidj; jpupfLfk;> “ngWjpf; fz; ngupr;rhe;J ciuj;jy; capiu ,Wjpf;fz; ahkpoe;Njhk; vd;wy;-kWte;J jd;Dlk;G fd;Wq;fhy; ehZjy; ,k;%d;Wk; kd;dh clk;gpd; Fwp;” (jpupfLfk;> gh. 91) vd;W vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. ,jpy; ngw;Nwhiu ,fohky; mtHfisg; Nghw;wpg; ghJfhf;f Ntz;baJ mtHfsJ Gjy;tHfspd; flik vd;W vLj;Jiug;gjidf; fhzyhk;. je;ijf;Fg; NgUk; GfOk; fpilg;gJ mtHfspd; kf;fshy;jhd; vd;gjid> “ gopapd;ik kf;fshw; fhz;f” (ehd;kzpf;fbif> gh. 64) “kfDiuf;Fe; je;ij eyj;ij” (NkyJ> gh. 71) vd;W ehd;kzpf;fbif vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. je;ijapd; nrhy;iyj; jhz;lhJ elf;Fk; kfidg; ngWjy; ed;ikiaj; jUtjhFk; vd;gjid rpWgQ;r%yk;> “kfd; je;ijf;Fj; jhz;lhd; topnahOfy;” (rpWgQ;r%yk;> gh. 15) vd;W vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. ,Nj fUj;jpid ,dpait ehw;gJ> “VtJ khwh ,sq;fpsik Kd;dpdpJ” (,dpait ehw;gJ> gh. 3) vd;W rpwg;gpj;Jiuf;fpwJ. xU kfd;> jd; ngw;Nwhiu kjpf;fhkypUe;jhy; my;yJ jd; cld; gpwe;Njhiu kjpj;Jelf;fj; njupahjtdhapUe;jhy; mtdJ nray;ghLfshy; tpistJ jPikNa. Mjyhy; jd; ngw;Nwhuplj;Jk;> FLk;gj;jpduplj;Jk; kpf;f md;Gilatdha; mtH jpwj;jhH nra;aj;jf;f flikfs; ahTk; nra;gtdha; mJ kl;Lkd;wp vy;yh tiffspYk; ey;nyhOf;fKilatdha; thOk; kfNd mj;jifa ,dpa Gfo;r; nrhy;iyg; ngWthd; vd;gJ gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs; tFj;Jiuf;Fk; ,y;yw mwkhFk;. FLk;gj;jpYs;s xt;nthUtUk; jj;jk; nghWg;Gf;fis czHe;J ele;J nfhs;tNjhL FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s kw;wtHfSf;Fg; Gfo; NrHg;gjpYk; fz;Zk; fUj;Jkhf tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW nray;glhtpby; ,y;ywk; rpwg;ghf mikahJ. ngw;NwhH nrhw;fisf; Nfshj kf;fSk;> kidtpiag; Nghw;whj fztDk; tPl;Lg; nghUis tPNz mopf;fpd;w kidtpAk; ,k;ikapy; vtUf;Fk; gadw;wtH MthH vd;gijj; jpupfLfk;> “VtpaJ khw;Wk; ,sq;fpisAk; fhthJ itJvs;spr; nrhy;Ye; jiykfDk;-Ngha;njs;sp mk;kid Nja;f;Fk; kidahSk; ,k;%tH

,k;ikf; FWjp ,yhH” (jpupfLfk;> gh. 49) vd;W mwpTWj;Jfpd;wJ. KbTiu jkpopd; mw,yf;fpaq;fs; jj;jk; rka mbg;gilapy; mwf;fUj;Jf;fis vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. vy;yh rkaq;fSk; mwj;ijAk;> md;igANk Nghjpf;fpd;wd. mt;thW Nghjpf;ifapy; mit gytpjkhd fUJNfhs;fis Kd;itj;Jg; NgrpAs;sd. nghJepiyapy; mit jdpkdpjr; nrk;ikf;Fupa fUj;jpay;fis Kd;itj;Js;sd. jdpkdpjd; jd;idr; nrOikg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjd;top r%fk; Nkk;ghL ngWk; vd;gjhy; jdpkdpjDf;F mwpTWj;JtJNghd;W nrhy;ypAs;sd. cyfpy; rpwe;j nry;tq;fSs; xd;whf kf;fl;nry;tk; mike;Js;sJ. gpwg;ghy; kf;fs; ahtUk; xUgbj;jhdtNuahapDk;> mtutu; thoplr;#oy;> tsu;g;GKiw> tho;f;ifKiwNa mtu;fis ey;ytu;fshfTk;> jPatu;fshfTk; khw;Wfpd;wd. ,jdhy; ed;kf;fisg; ngWtNj ,y;ywj;jhu; flik vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. fy;tp-Nfs;tpfspy; rpwe;j mwpTnfhz;l kf;fis cUthf;FtNj ,y;ywj;jhu; flik vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu; jpUts;Stu;. gps;isfs;> jq;fs; ngw;Nwhu;f;F jq;fshy; ew;ngaiuAk;> ed;kjpg;igAk; Vw;gLj;jpj; juNtz;Lk; vd;W


TdLm 8

mwpTWj;Jtjidf; fhzKbfpd;wJ. jpUf;Fws; tFj;Jiuf;Fk; fUj;Jf;fisNa Vida mw,yf;fpaq;fSk; Fwpg;gplf; fhzKbfpd;wJ. fUtpE}y;fs; 1. F.Nt. ghyRg;gpukzpad; kw;Wk; gpwu; (g.M.)> rq;f ,yf;fpak; ghl;Lk; njhifAk;> epa+nrQ;Rup

Gf;`T]; gp.ypl;.> nrd;id 2000 2. r.Nt. Rg;gpukzpad;> (g.M.)> gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs;> kzpthrfu; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id.

2010


TdLm 9

jpUf;FwSk; mJ czu;j;Jk; mw fUj;Jf;fSk;

nry;tp.S.brpNjtp

,sq;fiykhzp B.A (Hons) rg;ufKtgy;fiyf;fofk;> jpl;lcjtpahsu; nkhopfw;iffs; Jiw> khdpltpay; kw;Wk; r%ftpQ;Qhdq;fs; gPlk;

,yq;ifj; jpwe;jgy;fiyf;fofk;> ,yq;if

Kd;Diu gok;ngUq;Fbahd jkpou;fs; tho;thq;F tho;tjw;F top $Wk; E}yhfj; jpUf;Fws; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. mJ jkpou;fSf;F kl;Lkd;wp cyfpy; thOk; midtUf;Fk; nghJthd mwf;fUj;Jf;fisf; $Wk; E}yhf tpsq;Fk; ,e;E}y; ,d> kjNgjkpd;wp midtUk; fw;W mjd; top xOFk; tifapy; kdpjd; mwj;NjhL tho;tjw;Fj; Njitahd gy;NtW fUj;Jf;fis jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;Ls;sJ. mj;jifa rpwg;G tha;e;j jpUf;Fws; $Wk; mwf;fUj;Jf;fSs; rpytw;iw Muha;e;J KbTfis Kd; itg;gjh ,t;tha;Tf; fl;Liu mike;Js;sJ. jkpopdj;jpd; gok;ngUk; gz;ghl;ilAk; ghuk;gupaj;ijAk; gw;wp cyfk; tpaf;fpwJ vd;why; mjw;Fkpf Kf;fpa fhuzk; jkpopyf;fpak;. jkpopyf;fpaj;jpy; jiyahu;e;j E}yhf jpUf;Fws; tpsq;FfpwJ. ,d;iwa ,ae;jpu cyfpy; jupnfl;Lj; jpupAk; khDl rKjhaj;ij newpg;gLj;j jpUf;Fws; Nghd;w mw ,yf;fpaq;fspd; Njit ,d;wpaikahjjhf ,Uf;fpwJ. jpUf;FwshdJ khDlj;jpd; jiyrpwe;j Gyikg; ngupNahu;fspy; xUtuhd nerthsu; Fyj;Njhd;wyhd jpUts;Stuhy; ,uz;lhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G ,aw;wg;gl;lJ. ,J mwj;Jg;ghy;> fhkj;Jg;ghy;> nghUl;ghy; vd Kg;ghypy; ehw;nghUis czu;j;JfpwJ. jpUf;Fws; nkhj;jkhf 133 mjpfhuq;fshf gpupf;fg;gl;L xt;nthU mjpfhuj;jpw;Fk; gj;J gj;J Fwl;ghf;fs; vd;wbg;gilapy; 1330 Fws; ntz;ghf;fisf; nfhz;L tpsq;FfpwJ. jpUf;FwshdJ> ngha;ah nkhop> <ub E}y;> thd;kiw> thAiu tho;j;J> Kg;ghy;> cj;juNtjk;> nja;t E}y; vd gy ngau; nfhz;L miof;fg;gLfpwJ. NkYk; ,d> kj> ghypd Ngjkpd;wp cyf kf;fs; midtUf;Fk; ve;j fhyj;jpw;Fk; nghUe;Jk; tifapy; mike;Js;sikahy; ,J cyfg; nghJkiw vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. jkpopyf;fpag;gug;gpy; kpf $Ljyhf gpwnkhopfSf;F nkhop khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;l xNu E}y; vd;w rpwg;G jpUf;FwSf;F cz;L. ,Jtiu 107 nkhopfspy; nkhop ngau;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jpUf;Fwis Kjd; Kiwahf Mq;fpynkhopapy; nkhopngau;j;jtu; [P.A.Nghg;. 1730 ,y; tPukhKdptu; ,yj;jPd; nkhopy; INuhg;gpa kf;fSf;F jpUf;Fwis mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhu;. jpUts;Stu; jdpkdpj Kd;Ndw;wj;ijNa xU r%fj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wkhff; fUJfpwhu;. ,jdhy; ngUk;ghyhd Fws;fs; jdpkdpjid Nehf;fpajhfNt fhzg;gLtjid mtjhdpf;fyhk;. fLikahd Fwpf;Nfhs;fis eilKiwf;F xt;thj epiyapypUe;J Ngrhky; tho;f;ifia cau;e;jjhfTk; ,dpajhfTk; Mf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;Fg; gad;gLk; xU gz;ghl;L topfhl;bahfj; jpUf;Fws; tpsq;FfpwJ. jpUts;Stu; xt;nthU kdpjDf;Fg; gf;fj;jpYk; epd;W jhaha;> je;ijaha;> rNfhjudha;> Mrhdha; mwnewp fhl;Lfpwhu;. mtutu; epiyf;Nfw;gTk;> #oYf;Nfw;gTk; jl;bf;nfhLj;J “Kay;fKd;NdWf” vd mtu; $Wk; newpKiwfs; cyfkhe;ju; midtUf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;. jdpkdpjDf;F cupikahdJ ,d;gtho;T. mjw;F Jizahf cs;sJ nghUspay; tho;T. mtw;Wf;nfy;yhk; mbg;gilahf tpsq;FtJ mwtho;T. kdNj vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Mjhu epiyf;fyd;> kzj;Jf;fz; khrpyd; MjNy midj;J mwk;> mwj;jhy; tUtNj ,d;gk;> mwtopapy; epd;W nghUs; <l;b mjidf; nfhz;L ,d;g tho;T thoNtz;Lk;.


TdLm 10

mt;thW cyfkhe;jUk; ,d;Gwr; nra;aNtz;Lk;. nghUspayhfpa nghJ tho;Tf;Fk; ,d;g ,ayhfpa jdp tho;Tf;Fk; mbg;gil mwk; jhd; vd;gNj jpUf;Fwspd; xl;L nkhj;j Nehf;fhf mikfpwJ. kdpj tho;tpay; newpfSs; Kjd;ikahdJ mwk;. mwNk epiyaw;w tho;f;ifia epiyNgWilajhf khw;WfpwJ. mt;tifapy; jpUf;Fwspy; kdpjtho;f;iff;F mtrpakhd gy;NtW mwfUj;Jf;fs; typAWj;jg;gLtjidf; fhzyhk;. nghUspy;yhu;f;F ,t;Tyfk; ,y;iy vd;gJ epju;rdkhd cz;ik. kdpj r%fk; cyfj;jpy; kfpo;r;rpAld; tho;tjw;F nry;tk; ,d;wpaikahjJ. ,jid ‘jpiuf;fly; XbAk; jputpak; NjL’ ‘tpidNa Mltu;f;F capu;’ (njhy;fhg;gpak;) vd;w Kd;Ndhu;fspd; thf;F czu;j;JfpwJ. nry;tk; cila kdpjDf;F r%fj;jpy; kjpg;Gk; nry;thf;Fk; fpl;Lk;. ,t;tpuz;ilAk; mwj;jpdhy; kl;LNk milaKbAk; vd;gij> “rpwg;G<Dk; nry;tKk; <Dk; mwj;jpd; Cq;F Mf;fk; vtNdhcapu;f;F” vd;Dk; Fws; vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. xt;nthU nraypd; njhlf;fKk; kdr;rhu;GilaJ. kdj;jpd; topNa vz;zKk; vz;zj;jpd; gpd;Gykhf nraYk; mikfpd;wJ. kdpju;fs; vg;nghOJk; cs;sj;ij J}a;ikahf itj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; mtrpak;. J}a cs;sNk ,iwtd; ciwAk; ,lk;. ,jid kdf;Nfhapy; fl;ba g+ryhupd; tho;if vkf;F giwrhw;WfpwJ. Gwj;J}a;ikapy; ehl;lKilakf;fs; mfj;J}a;ikia kwe;J tpLfpd;wdu;. ,jid gpd;tUk; jpUf;Fws; tpsf;FfpwJ. “kdj;Jf;fz; khR ,yd; Mjy; midj;J mwd; MFy ePugpw” cs;sj;J czu;Tfis ntspg;gLj;Jk; xU Gyg;ghl;Lf; fUtpahf nkhop tpsq;FfpwJ. xU r%fk; nkhopapd; thapyhfNt fUj;Jf;fisg; gupkhw;wk; nra;Jf; nfhz;L cwTg; ghyq;fis tYg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;fpd;wJ. kdpj r%fk; ahfhthuhapDk; ehfhf;f” vd;Dk; ghJfhg;G tisaj;ij mikj;Jf; nfhz;L tho;tJ eyk;. ek;Kila ,dpa nrhw;fs; ghtj;jpw;F fOthahf mikAk; mwj;jpw;F rkkhdJ vd;gij> “my;yitNjamwk; ngUFk; ey;yit ehb ,dpanrhypd;” “mfd; mku;e;J<jypd; ed;NwKfd; mku;e;J <d;nrhyd; Mfg; ngwpd;” vd;Dk; Fwl;ghf;fs; njspthfr; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wd. MfNt cs;shu;e;j tpUg;gj;NjhL ,dpa nrhw;fis vLj;Jiuj;J mwj;jpw;F typik Nru;g;Nghk;. ‘,d;gKk; Jd;gKk; ,y;yhNd ,iwtd; vd;gJ cz;ik. Mdhy; kdpju;fis nghUj;jkw;wpy; ,d;gKk; Jd;gKk; gpupf;f Kbahj tho;tpay; mq;fk;. ,Ug;gpDk; kdpj ,dk; Jd;gj;ij ntWj;J ,d;gj;ij kl;LNk tpUk;GfpwJ. ,sik> nghUs;> gjtp> nry;thf;F> Gfo; ,tw;why; tUk; ,d;gk; epiyaw;wJ. moptpy;yhj ,d;gj;ij mwk; nra;tjhy; kl;LNk ngwKbAk; vd;gij “mwj;jhd; tUtNj ,d;gk; kw;Wvy;yhk; Gwj;jGfOk; ,y” vd;w Fws; vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. capu; nfhiy jPJ vd;gij midj;J rkaq;fSk; typAWj;Jfpd;wd. capu; nfhiy jPJ vd;w ePjpiag; Gfl;l vOe;j fhtpaNka Nrhjuhfhtpak;. capu;fisf; nfhd;why; gpwtpfs; NjhWk; Jd;gj;jpy; coYjy; Ntz;Lk;. vdNt kdpj Neaj;NjhL ele;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; mtrpak;. tha;ikapypUe;J gpwohj gz;G> capu;fis nfhy;yhjpUj;jy; ,uz;Lk; kpfr;rpwe;j mwq;fs; vd;gij gpd;tUk; Fws; njspTg;gLj;JfpwJ.


TdLm 11

“xd;W Mf ey;yJnfhy;yhikkw;Wmjd; gpd;rhug; ngha;ahik ed;W” ‘Cidj; jpd;W Cidg; ngUf;Fjy; ,d;dh’ vd;W ,d;dh ehw;gJ Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. capu;fis nfhd;why; jPJ vd;gjhy; jhd; rkzu;fs; jhq;fs; nry;Yk; topnay;yhk; J}a;ikg;gLj;jpr; nrd;wdu;. Gwhtpw;fhf jd; jiyapid mupe;J nfhLj;j rpgpr;rf;futu;j;jp> gRtpd; fd;Wf;fhf Nju;r;rf;fuj;jpy; jd; kfid ,l;L nfhd;w kDePjpNrhod;> khDf;Fg; gpizahf epd;w egpfs; ehafk;> nfhiy nra;ahjpUg;ghahf vd;W typAWj;Jk; NtjE}y; vd midj;Jk; rpwe;j tho;tpay; mwq;fisNa fw;gpf;fpd;wd. “ngha;ahikmd;dGfo; ,y;iyva;ahik vy;yhmwKk; jUk;” vd;Dk; Fws; mwj;jpd; Nkd;ikia typAWj;JfpwJ. ,t;tifapy; ghu;f;Fk; NghJ cs;sj; J}a;ikNa caupamwk; vd;gij Gyg;gLj;Jk; fhyf; fz;zhbahf ekJ jpUf;Fws; tpsq;FfpwJ. vdNt tho;tpy; jtpu;f;f Ntz;batw;iwj; jtpu;j;J> gpd;gw;w Ntz;ba ey;xOfyhWfisAk; gpd;gw;wp tskhd tho;it tho;Nthkhf. NkYk; tskhd tho;f;iff;F tYNru;f;f ts;Stu; Fwpg;gpLk; eykhu;e;j rpe;jidfisAk; rpj;jj;jpy; nfhz;L jkpOyfpw;Fk; jkpopdf; fyhrhuj;jpw;Fk; ngUikr; Nru;f;f KidtJ vkJ jiyaha flik.


TdLm 12

ftpQh; thypapd; jpiuapirg; ghly;fspy;

mwnewp fUj;Jfs;

f.rq;fh; Kidth; gl;l Ma;thsh; (gFjp Neuk;)> muR fiyf; fy;Y}hp (jd;dhl;rp)> Nryk;

gbj;jth; Kjy; ghkuh; tiu midtUk; ghh;j;J kfpo;r;rpf; nfhs;Sk; xU fiy jpiug;glf; fiykl;Lk;jhd;. kdpjd; ,ae;jpuk; Nghy; Ntfkha; ,aq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,f;fhyj;jpy;> rq;f ,yf;fpak; Nghd;w goe;jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fisg; gbj;J kfpo;r;rpg; ngWtjw;F Neuk; ,y;iy. ,f;Fiwiaj; jPh;g;gjw;fhfNt ,yf;fpaj;ij ,irapy; fye;J nfhLf;Fk; gzpiaj; jpiug;glq;fs; nra;J tUfpd;wd. goe;jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; ifahsg;gl;Ls;s fhjy;> kztho;f;if> Cly;> fsT> gphpT> iff;fpis> ngUe;jpiz Nghd;Nw mwnewp fUj;JfSk; jpiuapirg; ghly;fspd; ghLnghUs;fshf ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. jpiuapirg; ghly;fspy; mwnewp cyfg; nghJkiw vd;W Nghw;wg;gLk; jpUf;Fws; fUj;Jf;fis ftpQh; thyp jd; jpiuapirg; ghly;fspy; vspikahd Kiwapy; je;Js;shh;. xU jha; jd; Foe;ijiag; ngw;w NghJ mile;j kfpo;r;rpia tpl mf;Foe;ijiaj; jiy rpwe;jtd; vd;W nghpNahh;fshy; Gfog;gLk; NghJ ngUkfpo;r;rp milfpwhs;.

“ <d;w nghOjpy; nghpJtf;Fk; jd;kfidr; rhd;Nwhd; vdf;Nfl;l jha;” .1

vd;w ts;Sth; fUj;jpid thyp> “ gj;Jg; jpq;fs; Rke;jhNs – mts; ngUikg; glNtz;Lk; - cd;idg; ngw;wjdhy; mts; kw;wtuhNy Nghw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk; fw;wth; rigapy; cdf;fhfj; - jdp ,lKk; ju Ntz;Lk; - cd; fz;zpy; xUJsp ePh; te;jhYk; cyfk; mo Ntz;Lk;” .2

vd;w ghly; thpfshy; je;Js;shh;. cd;idg; ngw;wjdhy; rpwe;j kfidg; ngw;w rpwe;j jha; vd;W kw;wth;fshy; Gfog;gl Ntz;Lk;. fw;wth;fs; mitapy; cdf;nfd;W xU ,lk; xJf;Fk; mstpw;F eP cau Ntz;Lk;. cdf;F xU Jd;gk; Neh;e;jhy; ,e;j cyfNk cdf;fhf tUj;jg;gLk; mstpw;F cah;e;jtdhf eP tho Ntz;Lk; vd;W typAWj;Jfpwhh;. rkj;Jtk; vy;yh caph;fSk; gpwg;gpdhy; rkk; vd;whYk; nra;Ak; njhopypd; juj;jhy;> kWghl;lhy; mth;jk; rpwg;Gk; Nkd;ikAk; NtWgLfpd;wd.

“ gpwg;nghf;Fk; vy;yh cah;f;Fk; rpwg;nght;th nra;njhopy; Ntw;Wik ahd;” .3

vd;w ts;Sth; thf;fpid>


TdLm 13

“,aw;if nfhLf;Fk; nry;tj;ijnay;yhk; nghJtha; itj;jpl Ntz;Lk; ,y;yhjth;f;Fk; ,Ug;gth; jkf;Fk; gfph;e;Nj nfhLj;jpl Ntz;Lk; xUtUf;fhf kioapy;iy xUtUf;fhf epytpy;iy tUtnjy;yhk; midtUf;Fk; tFj;Nj itj;jhy; tof;fpy;iy” .4

vd;w ghly; thpfsha; thyp je;Js;shh;. ,aw;if nfhLf;fpd;w midj;Jg; nghUs;fSk; vy;yh caph;fSf;Fk; nrhe;jk;. xUtUf;fhf kioAk;> epyTk; tUtjpy;iy. ,Ug;gh;fs; ,y;yhjth;fSf;F vy;yhtw;iwAk; gfph;e;J nfhLj;jhy;> ehl;by; rz;il rr;ruTfs; tuhJ vd;gij vLj;Jf; $Wfpwhh;. jfhj nray; xUth; Kd; epd;W mthplk; fLQ;nrhy; $wpdhy; $l jtwpy;iy. Mdhy; mtd; ,y;yh ,lj;jpy; mtidg; gw;wp gopr;nrhy; NgRtJ jfhj nrayhFk; vd;gij ts;Sth;>

“fz;epd;W fz;zwr; nrhy;tDk; nrhy;yw;f Kd;epd;W gpd;Nehf;fhr; nrhy;” .5

vd;w Fwshfj; je;Js;shh;. ,f;fUj;ij thyp> “me;j ,Ul;lf;Fk; ghh;f;fpd;w tpopapUf;Fk; - ve;j RtUf;Fk; Nfl;fpd;w fhjpUf;Fk; nrhy;yhky; nfhs;shky; fhj;jpUf;Fk; - jf;f rkaj;jpy; ele;jij vLj;Jiuf;Fk;” .6

vd;w ghly; thpfsha;j; je;Js;shh;. gfypy; gf;fk; ghh;j;J Ngr Ntz;Lk;. ,Uspy; mJTk; Ngrf;$lhJ vd;W nghpNahh;fs; $Wthh;fs;. mijNghyNt thypAk; ,USf;Fk; fz; njhpAk;. RtUf;Fk; fhJ Nfl;Fk;> eP NgRtij rhpahd Neuj;jpy; mJ ntspg;gLj;jptpLk;. mjdhy; eP Gwq;$Wtij tpl;LtpL vd;W mwpTiu $Wfpwhh;. epiyahik

“mw;fh ,ay;gpw;Wr; nry;tk; mJngw;why; mw;Fg Mq;Nf nray;” .7

vd;W ts;Sth; fUj;ij> “itf;Nfhiyj; jpzpf;fpwhd; Fz;ZFl;b ahf;Fwhd; gf;fj;jpNy epf;ftr;Rg; ghiy fwf;fpwhd; ntf;fq;nfl;l tpjj;jpNy nuhf;fg;gzk; Nrh;f;fpwhd; Ntiyte;jh ,tidAk; ehYNgU Jf;fwhd;.” 8 vd;w ghly;thpfsha; thyp je;Js;shh;. itf;Nfhyhy; fz;Zf;Fl;bg; Nghy nghk;ik nra;J gRtpd; gf;fj;jpy; epf;fitj;J ghiy fwf;fpwhd; kdpjd;. ,t;thW juk; nfl;l gzk; Nrh;f;fpd;w mtidAk; xUehs; ehd;F Ngh; J}f;fpf; nfhz;L Nghfpd;whd;. nry;tk;> ,sik> ahf;if midj;Jk; epiyaw;witNa. ,it midj;Jk; xU ehs; mope;J NghFk; vd;w epiyahik je;Jtj;ij typAWj;Jfpwhh;. gFj;jwpT kdpj [Ptd; vd;gJ kw;w [Ptg; gpuhzpfis tpl mwptpy; ngUk; Ngjk; cilajhFk;. mjhtJ gFj;jwpT cila [Ptd; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLtjhFk; ,Ug;gpDk; kdpj [Ptd; gFj;jwpTilaJ. kf;fs; jhd; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; nraypdhy; ed;ik jPikapid MuhAk; gz;Gngw;wth;fs;. ,lk;> nghUs;> #o;epiy vjph;fhyr; rpe;jid Kjypatw;iw vy;yhk; Muha;e;J


TdLm 14

ghh;j;J eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; gz;gpd; Ngh;jhd; gFj;jpwpT vd;gh;. fhykhw;wj;jpw;Nfw;g fUj;Jk;> kdpjdpd; tho;f;ifAk; KiwAk; khWjYf;F cl;gLj;Jk; nray;ghl;bidf; nfhz;lJ gFj;jwpT MFk;. rKjha mf;fiwf; nfhz;l gilg;ghsh;fspy; thypapd; gq;fspg;Gk; ,lk; ngw;wpUg;gij>

“mwpTf;F NtiynfhL gFj;jwpTf;F NtiynfhL %lg;gof;fj;ij tpl;L tpL ……………………………….. Mfhj tof;fnky;yhk; - mwpTf;Fg; nghUe;jhj gof;fnky;yhk; Mf;fj;ijf; nfLj;J itf;Fk; - kdpjdpd; mopTf;F toptFf;Fk;.” 9

,g;ghly; thpfs; czh;j;Jfpd;wJ. mwnewp tho;f;if mwtopapy; kdpjd; tho Ntz;Lk; vd;gij rhd;Nwhh;fs; typAWj;jpAs;sdh;. mt;thW tho;tjw;F mbg;gilahd newpfis ,yf;fpaq;fs; ntspg;gLj;jp cs;sd.

“mwj;jpD}cq; fhf;fKk; ,y;iy mjid kwj;jypd; Cq;fpy;iy NfL”

vd;W ts;Sth; $Wkplj;J mwQ;nra;jypd; Mf;fKk; ,jid kWj;jyhy; cz;lhFk; NfLk; gw;wp tFj;Jiuj;jhh; ,jw;F Vw;gf; ftpQh; thyp jk; ghlypy;> “ gjtp tUk;NghJ gzpT tu Ntz;Lk; JzpTk; tuNtz;Lk; Njhoh ghij jtwhky; gz;G Fiwahky; gofp tuNtz;Lk; Njhoh md;Ng cd; md;id mwpNt cd; je;ij xd;Nw cd; Njtd;” 10 vd nkhope;Js;shh;. kdpjd; gjtp tUk;nghOJ gzpjy;> jtwpidj; jLf;f Jzpjy;> ey;topg; ghijapy; nryYjy;> ey;y gz;G nfhz;ltuhf mfg;Gwj;jhy; tho;jy; Mfpad mwtop tho;tpw;Fhpa newpfshFk; vd;W thyp mwpTWj;jpdhh;. rKjha eyDf;fhf cfe;j newpfisr; Rl;bf; fhl;ba jplkhd gz;G ,jdhy; njw;nwdg; Gyg;gLfpd;wJ. epiwthf mwptpd; mDgtq;fis cyFf;F czh;j;j vz;zpa ts;Sthpd; rpe;jidfis kpf vspa Kiwapy; jk; jpiuapirg; ghly;fs; topahf ghkwUk; Nfl;L czuf;$ba tifapy; vLj;Jiuj;j ftpQh; thyp mth;fspd; ftpijj; njhz;L Nghw;Wjw;FhpajhFk;. mbf;Fwpg;Gfs; 1. jpUf;Fws;, Fws; vz; - 69 2. thypapd; jpiuapirg; ghly;fs;> njh - 1> g - 299 3. jpUf;Fws;> Fws; vz; - 972. 4. th.jp.,. ghly;fs;> njh - 1> g – 184 5. jpUf;Fws;, Fws; vz; - 184. 6. th.jp.,. ghly;fs;> njh - 1> g – 327. 7. jpUf;Fws;, Fws; vz; - 333. 8. th.jp.,. ghly;fs;> njh - 1> g – 79. 9. th.jp.,. ghly;fs;> njh - 1> g – 484 10. th.jp.,. ghly;fs;> njh - 1> g – 443


TdLm 15

ts;Sth; tFj;j ,y;yw khz;Gfs;

jpU.nr.nja;tk;

cjtpg; Nguhrphpah;> jkpoha;Tj;Jiw = tpj;ah ke;jph; fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; fy;Y}hp fhl;Nlhp Cj;jq;fiu> fpUl;bdfphp

EioAk; Kd; cyfg;nghJkiw vd;W Nghw;wg;gLk; E}y; jpUf;FwshFk;. ,J xU tho;tpay; E}y;. xU kdpjd; jd; tho;f;iff;Fj; Njitahd midj;J nra;jpfisAk; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;l ngl;lfk; vd;W Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,e;E}Yf;F xsitahh; “mZitj; Jisj;Njo; fliy Gfl;bf; FWfj; jwpj;j Fws;” vd;W jpUts;Stkhiyapy; Gfohuk; #l;Lfpwhh;. ,j;jifa gy rpwg;Gila jpUf;Fwspy; cyf tho;f;ifapy; kdpjh;fs; ,dpikahf tho;tjw;fhd ,y;ywj;jpd; khz;Gfis Muha;tNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. mwk; kdpj tho;f;iff;Fj; Njitahd cWjpg;nghUs;fs; mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk;> tPL vd;gjhFk;. ,jpy; Kjyhtjhf itf;fg;gLtJ mwkhFk;. ,t;Tyfpdpy; kdpjd; rpwg;Gw tho;tjw;F mbg;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;gilahdJ mwkhFk;. kdjpy; Njhd;Wk; nghwhik> Nguhir> fLq;Nfhgk;> fLQ;nrhy; vd;dk; ehd;fpw;Fk; rpwpJk; ,lk; juhky; xOfp tUtNj mwnkd;W Fwpg;gpLk; ts;Sth;> “kdj;Jf;fz; khrpyd; Mjy; midj;Jmwd; MFy ePu gpw” – (Fws; 34) vd;Dk; Fwspy; nghJthf jd; kdjplj;Jf; Fw;wk; ,y;yhjtdhf ,Uj;jNy mwk; vdg;gLk; vd;fpwhh;. ,y;ywk; mwnkdg;gLtJ ,uz;lhFk;. xd;W ,y;ywk; kw;nwhd;W Jwtwk;. ,y;ypd; jd; kidtp kf;fNshL ,ize;J ,d;Gw;W tho;tJk; jd;dhy; Kbe;j msT gpwUf;F cjTtJ ,y;ywkhFk;. ,y;yj;jpy; xU Mz; mwj;ij nra;a nghpJk; Jiz epw;gts; ngz; Mths;. ,t;thW nra;Ak; mwj;ij> “md;Gk; mwDk; cilj;jhapd; ,y;tho;f;if gz;Gk; gaDk; mJ” – (Fws; 45) vd;w Fws; topNa ,y;tho;f;if ,d;Gw mika nghpJk; Jid epw;gJ md;Gk; gpwUf;F cjTk; mwKk; MFk; vd;gJ ts;Sthpd; thf;fhFk;. ,y;ywj;jpy; epfOk; gzpfs; ,y;yw newpapy; kidtp kf;fNshL cldpUe;J tho;fpd;w xUtDf;F chpa nghWg;Gfshf gpw mw ,ay;Gila gpuk;kr;rhpa tpujk; Nkw;nfhz;lth;fs;> Jwtpfs;> thdg; gpu];jNahfpfs; Mfpa %tiuAk; ed;Kiwapy; ghJfhf;Fk; Jiztdhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;> “Jwe;jhh;f;Fk; Jt;th jth;f;Fk; ,we;jhh;f;Fk; ,y;tho;thd; vd;ghd; Jiz” – (Fws; 42) ,ijj;jtpu Jwtpah;f;Fk;> Neha;> %g;G Kjypatw;why; Jd;Gw;W Mjutpd;wp jd;ghy; te;J ,we;jhh;; Mfpa %tiuAk; ,izj;J midtiuAk; Ngzpf; fhj;J Jizahf ,Uj;jy; Nghd;w nghWg;Gfs; ,y;ywj;jhDf;F chpaJ vd;fpwhh;. ,y;ywk; rpwe;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gjw;F mth;fs; nra;Ak; tpUe;Njhk;gy; fiyNa rhd;whFk;. tpUe;Njhk;gy; vd;gJ jkpohpd; jiyahag; gz;Gfspy; xd;whFk;. tpUe;jpdiu jkpohpd; jiy


TdLm 16

rpwe;j ehfhpfg; gz;ghlhFk;. tPl;Lf;F te;j tpUe;jpdiu Kfkyh;r;rpNahL tuNtw;W cztspg;gJ tpUe;Njhk;ghyhFk;. ,j;jifa tpUe;Njhk;gy; gz;igg; gw;wp njhy;fhg;gpah;> “tpUe;J Gwe;jUjYk; Rw;wk; xk;gYk; gpwTk md;dfpoNths; khz;Gfs;” (njhy; - fstpay; - 11) vd;W $wpAs;shh;. NkYk; tpUe;Njhk;gy; Fwpj;J ew;wpiz> “my;ypyhapDk; tpUe;Jthpd; ctf;Fk; Ky;iyrhd;w fw;gpd; nky;ypay;” (ew;wpiz – 142) vd;w ghly; topNa tpsf;fp tpUe;Jf;nfd;W ts;Sth; jdpnahU mjpfhuj;ij tFj;Js;shh;. ,y;ywj; Jiz fztd; kidtpNahL ,Ue;J ,y;ywk; vt;thW elj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpa ts;Sth; ,y;ywj;jpw;F Vw;w FzKk;> ,y;ypd; tsj;jpw;F Vw;w nraYk; nfhz;L Jizepw;Fk; kidtpia ‘tho;f;ifj; Jiz’ vd;W rpwg;gpj;J $Wfpwhh;. jd; fztDf;F chpa mwr; nray;fNs kidtpf;Fk; chpait vd;gij tpsf;f ‘tho;f;ifj; Jiz eyk;’ vDk; mjpfhuj;jpy; mikj;Js;shh;. xUtDila tho;f;if rpwg;gjw;F capuhf miktJ mtDf;F tho;f;ifj; Jizahf te;j kidtpaplk; nghUe;jpAs;s xOf;fNkahFk;. NkYk;> fztdpd; tUkhdj;jpw;F jFe;jgb elg;gtNs rpwe;j tho;f;ifj; Jiztpahths; vd;gij ts;Sth;>

“kidj;jf;f khz;Gilahs; Mfpj;jw; nfhz;lhd; tsj;jfff;fhs; tho;f;;;ifj; Jiz” – (Fws; 51)

vd;w Fwl;ghtpy; tpsf;fpAs;shh;. ngz;fSf;Fg; ngUik jUtJ fw;G. fw;G vd;Dk; kd cWjpahy; ngz;jd;ik rpwg;gilfpwJ fw;G vd;Dk; kd cWjp nfhz;l ngz; kidtpahf mikag; ngw;why; me;jg; ngz;iz tplg; ngUik kpf;fit cyfpy; xd;Wkpy;iy vd;W $wp jd;idf; fw;nghOf;fj;jhy; fhg;gths;. jd;id kidtpahff; nfhz;l fztd; fw;gpdpd;W tOthjthW mtidg; NgZths; vd;W $Wfpwhh;. ,t;thW fw;nghOf;fk; jtwhJ fztid nja;tkhf tzq;Fk; kidtpf;F thd;kioAk; fl;Lg;gLk; vd;gij> “nja;tk; njhohms; nfhOed; njhOnjOhths; nga;nadg; nga;Ak; kio” – (Fws; 55) vd;w Fwspy; tpsf;Ffpwhh;. ,Nj fUj;jpid ,sq;Nfhtbfs; rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; fz;zfp fw;gpd; jpwj;jhy; kJiu efiu vhpA+l;bdhs; vd;gij>

“ gl;lhq;F ahDk; Xh;gj;jpdpNa Mkhfpy; xl;Nld; muNrhL xopg;Ngd; kJiuAk;! (rpyk;G> tQ;rpd khiy 36 – 37) vd;Wk;> “nghw;nwhb Vtg; Gif moy; kz;bw;Nw ew;Nwuhd; $ly; efh;” (rpyk;G> tQ;rpd khiy 56 – 57) vd;Wk; vLj;jpak;gpAs;shh;. ,y;yk; rpwf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy; xU ngz;iz Kjd;ikg; gLj;jpAs;shh;. kf;fl;NgW ,y;tho;Tf;F NkYk; rpwg;G+l;Lk; mzpfyd;fshf mikj;J mjpy; fztDk;> kidtpAk; mwj;jpdhy; nghUsPl;b> mg;nghUshy; ,d;gj;ij mile;J tho;gth;Nf mwptwpe;j kf;fl;NgW> ngw;Nwhh; mk;kifidg; ngw vd;d jtk; nra;jhh;fNsh vd;W ngah; vLj;Jf; nfhLf;Fk; kf;fl;NgW tha;f;;Fk; vd;gij $wpAs;shh; ts;Sth;. NkYk; Foe;ijfs; kw;w vy;yh nry;tj;ijAk; tpl rpwe;j nry;tk; vd;gij> “Foy; ,dpJ aho;,dpJ vd;gjhk; kf;fs; koiyr;nrhy; Nfsh jth;” – (Fws; 66) vd;Dk; Fws; topNa Foe;ijfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Fwpj;J tpsf;fpAs;shh;.


TdLm 17

gpwdpy; tpioahik xU kdpjDf;F jPjpYk; jPJ mw topapDd;W jtwp jPa topapy; nry;tjhFk;. xU Mz; gpwd; kidtpia rhu;e;Jr; nry;tnjd;gJ nfhba tplk; nfhz;l ghk;gpd; jiyiaj; njhLtjw;F rkkhFk;. NkYk; mtDf;F mr;nray; gopr;nrhy;iyNa cz;Lgd;Dk; vd;gij> “gifghtk; mr;rk; gonad ehd;Fk; ,fththk; ,y;ypd;ghd; fz;” – (Fws; 146) gpwd; kidtpapd;ghy; nry;Yk; MZf;F gif> ghtk;> mr;rk;> mopahj gop ,it ehd;Fk; cd;lhFk; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhh; ts;Sth;. xUtd; mwk; jtwp gy ghtk; nra;a Nehpl;lhYk;> gpwh; kidtpia ehLk; ghtj;ijr; nra;ahkypUg;gJ ey;yJ vd;gij> “mwd;tiuahd; my;y nra;apDk; gpd;tiuahs; ngz;ik eathik ed;W” – (Fws; 150) vDk; Fws; top tpsf;Ffpwhh;. mwnthOf;fk; jdpkdpjg; gz;ghL kiwKfkhfr; rKjhaf; fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Fk; xOf;f epiyfSf;Fk; toptFf;Fk;. rKjha tho;f;ifapd; mbg;gil FLk;gNk. mtw;Ws; mwk; jiyahdJ. gytpj tpjpfSf;F cl;gl;L fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Fs; thOk; FLk;gNk gz;gl;l FLk;gkhfr; rKjhaj;jpy; kjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. md;G newpiaAk; nghJ Nehf;fg;ghd;ikiaAk; gapYtjw;Fhpa ngUk; gs;spahfj; jpfo;tJ ,y;ywk.; kf;fs; ey;yKiwapy; ,y;ywtho;it elj;JtNj mwkhff; fUjp ts;Sth; ciuf;fpwhh;. ,y;yw tho;tpy; mwnewpAld; ,Ug;gNj rpwg;GjUk; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. ,jid> “Mw;wpd; xOf;fp mwdpOf;fh ,y;yho;f;if Nehw;ghhpd; Nehd;ik cilj;J” – (Fws; 48) vd;w Fws; tpsf;FfpwJ. kidtp> kf;fs;> ez;gh;fs;> tpUe;jpdh;fs; MfpNahNuhL gofp xw;WikAld; tho toptFg;gJ ,y;ywkhFk;. ,j;jF rpwg;G ngw;wjhy;jhd;> “mwnddg; gl;lNj ,y;tho;if m/Jk; gpwd;gopg;gJ ,y;yhapd; ed;W” (Fws; 49) vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. Eioe;jg; gpd; Ntjq;fSf;F mLj;jjhf itf;fg;gl;Ls;s jpUf;Fws; kdpjFy ,y;yw tho;f;iff;Fj; Njitahd midj;J nra;jpfisAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. mwj;ij kdpjd; jd; fz;izg;Nghy ghJfhj;J te;jhd;. ,y;ywk; vd;gJ mwj;NjhL tho;tNj. khz;Gila ,y;yNk ,t;Tyfpd; jiyrpwe;j ,y;yq;;fshf tpsq;Fk; vd;gJ ts;Sthpd; Kbthf Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.


TdLm 18

goe;jkpoupd; tpUe;Njhk;gy;

Kidtu;.Nt.rrpfyh

cjtpg;Nguhrpupau; (jkpo;Jiw) gr;rKj;J fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; kfsph; fy;Y}up> jUkGup

Kd;Diu gz;ilaj; jkpou;fs; gz;ghl;il capnudg; Nghw;wp tsu;j;jdu; vd;why; mJ kpifahfhJ. mj;jifa gz;ghLfSs; jiyahajhfTk;> caupag; gz;ghfTk;> ,y;ywj;jpw;Fupa mwq;fSs; xd;whfTk; Nghw;wg;gLtJ tpUe;Njhk;gyhFk;. ,t;thW jkpou; jk; tho;tpy; ePq;fh ,lk;ngw;W rpwg;Gld; tpsq;Fk; tpUe;Njhk;gy; Fwpj;J Ma;tNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. tpUe;J tpUe;J vd;Dk; nrhy;ypw;F ‘GJik’ Gjpjha; te;NjhUf;F cztspj;jy; vd jkpo; nkhop mfuhjp nghUs; jUfpwJ. njhy;fhg;gpau; tpUe;J vDk; nrhy;iy ‘GJik’ vd;w nghUspy; gad;gLj;jpAs;shu; vd;gij> “tpUe;Nj jhDk; GJtJ Gide;j ahg;gpd; Nkw;Nw” (njhy;. nra;Aspay;: 231) ,e;E}w;gh tpsf;FfpwJ. ek;Kila ez;gu;fs;> cwtpdu;fs;> Gjpjhf ek; ,y;yk; Njb tUk; midtiuAk; tpUe;jpdu; vd;fpNwhk;. NkYk;> “kz;jpzp Qhyj;J tho;Nthu;f;nfy;yhk; cz;b nfhLj;Njhu; capu;nfhLj;NjhNu” (kzpNkfiy: 11: 95-96) vDk; tupfspdhYk;> ,t;Tyfpy; thOk; capu;fSf;nfy;yhk; czT nfhLj;jtu; capu; nfhLj;jtuhff; fUjg;gLfpwhu;. vd;gjd; %yk; tpUe;Njhk;gypd; cau;T mwpag;gLfpwJ. jiykf;fspd; jiyaha flik ,y;ywj;jpy; fztd; kidtp ,UtUk; ,ize;J tpUe;Njhk;GjNy rpwg;G vd;gjid njhy;fhg;gpau;> “tpUe;J Gwe;jUjYk; Rw;wk; Xk;gYk; gpwTk; md;d fpoNthd; khz;Gfs;” (njhy;: fw;gpay;: 11) Nkw;fz;lthW tpsf;fpAs;shu;. jiykf;fspd; Kjd;ikahd gz;Gfspy; xd;W tpUe;jpdiu Vw;W cgrupj;jyhFk;. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; NfhtyidAk;> fz;zfpiaAk; jdpf;Fbj;jdk; itf;f epidf;Fk; mtuJ ngw;Nwhu;fs;> mwnewpahsu;fSf;F cztspj;jy;> me;jzu;fis NgZjy;> Jwtpaiu vjpu;nfhz;L cgrupj;jy; Mfpa ,y;ywf; flikfis nrt;tNd Mw;wNt ,t;tpUtiuAk; jdpf;Fbj;jdk; itg;gjhff; $Wfpd;wdu;. fz;zfp Nfhtyid tpl;L gpupe;jpUe;j epiyapy;> “mwNthu;f;F mspj;jYk;> me;jzu; Xk;gYk; JwNthu;f;F vjpu;jYk;> njhy;Nyhu; rpwg;gpd; tpUe;njjpu; NfhlYk; ,oe;j vd;id” (rpyk;G: nfhiyf;fsf;fhij: 71-73) ,y;yw ju;kj;ij Mw;wKbahj jd;epiyia vz;zpg; Gyk;Gtjhf ,sq;Nfhtbfs; fz;zfpiag; gilj;Js;shu;. fk;gu; jd; fhtpakhd ,uhkazj;jpy;> tpUe;jpdu; te;jhy; mtu;fis cgrupf;f Kbahky; ,uhkd; Jd;gk; milthNdh vd ,uhkidg;gpupe;j rPij tUj;jKw;w epiyia>


TdLm 19

“mUe;J nky;ylF MuplmUe;Jnkd;W mOq;Fk; tpUe;J fz;lNghJ vd;DWNkh ntd;W tpk;Kk;”

(fk;guhkhazk;: Re;jufhz;lk; fhl;rp: 344) vLj;Jiug;gjpypUe;J> kidtpapy;yhj fztd; tpUe;jpdiu cgrupf;Fk; jFjpaw;wtd; vd;fpwhu;. vdNt. tpUe;Njhk;gy; vd;gJ fztd; kidtp ,UtUk; ,ize;J ,y;ywj;jpy; epfo;j;jf;$ba jiyaha flikfSs; xd;W vd;gij mwpaKbfpwJ. tpUe;Njhk;Gk; Kiw ,y;ywk; elj;Jk; ,y;yj;jurpapd; ngUikahdJ tPl;bw;F tUk; tpUe;jpdiu Kfkyu;r;rpAld; tuNtw;W> czT mspj;J cgrupg;gjpNyNa mlq;fpAs;sJ. mt;thW tpUe;jpdiu cgrupg;gtupd; tho;f;if Nkd;ikAWk; vd;gij> “tUtpUe;J itfYk; Xk;Gthd; tho;f;if gUte;J gho;gLjy; ,d;W” (Fws;-83) “nry;tpUe;J Xk;gp tUtpUe;J ghu;j;jpUg;ghd; ey;tpUe;J thdj; jtu;f;F” (Fws;-86) jpUts;Stupd; Fws; top mwpaKbfpwJ. NkYk; Kfu;e;Jghu;j;jhNy thbtpLk; nkd;ikahd mdpr;rk; kyu; Nghy nkd;ikahdtu;fs; tpUe;jpdu;. mt;tpUe;jpdiu tuNtw;Fk; NghJ ek;Kila Kfk; rpwpJ khwpdhYk; mtu;fs; thbtpLtu;. NkYk; te;j tpUe;jpdu; Nghdgpd; tUk; tpUe;jpdiu vjpu;ghu;j;jpUg;gtdpd; Gfo; cyFf;Nfhu; ngUtpUe;jhf mikAk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. “my;ypy; MapDk; tpUe;Jtupd; ctf;Fk; Ky;iy rhd;w fw;gpd; nky;ypaw; FWkfs; ciwtpd; CNu” (ew;wpiz: 142) ,uT gfy; vd ve;Neukhf ,Ug;gpDk; tPl;bw;F tUk; tpUe;jpdu;fisg; Ngzpg; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk; es;sputhapDk; tpUe;jpdu;tupd; kfpo;e;J Kfk; khWglhky; ,dpikahfg; Ngrp mtu;fis rq;ffhy kfspu; cgrupj;jdu; vd;gij Nkw;$wpa ew;wpizg; ghly; tupfshy; mwpaKbfpwJ. “tpUe;Jtuf; fiue;j fhf;ifaJ gypNa” (FWe;njhif-210) tpUe;jpdupd; tutpidj; njuptpf;f fiue;j fhfj;jpw;F mupa cztspj;jhYk; <lhfhJ vd;W Njhop $Wtjpd; %yk;> fhfk; fiue;jhy; tpUe;jpdu; tPl;bw;F tUtu; vd ek;gg;gl;lJ njupfpwJ. vdNt tpUe;jpdiu ,d;Kfj;Jld; tuNtw;W mtu;fsJ kdk; tUe;jhjthW cztspf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhu; ts;Stu;. tpUe;Njhk;gypd; rpwg;G ‘kUe;NjahapDk; tpUe;NjhL cz;’ vDk; xsitapd; thf;fpw;Nfw;g fpilj;jw;fupa mkpo;jNk fpilj;jhYk; jhd; kl;Lk; cz;zhky; tpUe;jpdNuhL gfpu;e;Jz;z Ntz;Lk; vd;gij> “,e;jpuu; mkpo;jk; ,iat jhapDk; ,dpnjdj; jkpau; cz;lYk; ,yNu” (GwehD}W: 182) GwehD}w;Wg;ghly; top mwpayhk;. thdj;jpy; cs;s tpz; kPd;fis Nghd;w nts;spf; fyq;fisg; gug;gp mjpy; gy tifahd czTfis ,l;L> xU jha; jd; Foe;ijia ftdpf;FkhW ePq;fh tpUg;gj;NjhL Nehf;fp mtu;fs; tpUk;Gk; cztpidf; Fwpg;gwpe;J gupkhw Ntz;Lk;. “kPd;G+j; jd;d thd;fyk; gug;gp kfKiw kfKiw Nehf;fp Kfdku;e;J Mdh tpUg;gpd; jhdpd;W Cl;b” (ngUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil: 477-479) ngUk;ghzhw;Wg;gilapd; ghly; tupfs; czu;j;Jk; ,Njf; fUj;jpid FLk;gtpsf;Fk;>


TdLm 20

“vf;fwpapy; ehl;lk; ,tu;f;nfd;W eP Azu;e;Nj mf;fwpia Nkd;NkYk; ms;spit” (FLk;g tpsf;F) tpUe;jpdu; mtu; tpUk;gpa czTg; nghUis kWgbAk; Nfl;gjw;Fj; jaf;fkhf ,Uf;Fk;. vdNt tpUe;jspf;Fk; NghJ mtu; mUfpNyNa epd;W Fwpg;gwpe;J cztspf;f Ntz;Lk; vd tpUe;Njhk;Gk; Kiwia tpsf;FfpwJ. ‘tpUe;Jk; kUe;Jk; %d;W ehs;’ vd;gu; Mdhy; ts;sy; mjpakhd; xUehs; nrd;whYk;> ,U ehs; nrd;whYk;> gy ehs; gyNuhL nrd;whYk; Kjy; ehs; Nghd;Nw ,d;Kfj;Jld; tpUe;Njhk;gthd; vd;gij xsitapd; gpd;tUk; ghlybfs; czu;j;Jfpd;wd. “xUehs; nry;yyk; ,Uehs; nry;yyk; gd;dhs; gapd;W gynuhL nry;ypDk; jiyehs; Nghd;w tpUk;gpdd; khNjh” (GwehD}W: 101) ez;gidg; Nghy cwT nfhz;L> ,dpa nrhw;fisf; $wp> fz;zpy; fhZk;gbr; jdf;F neUf;fkhf ,Uf;fr; nra;J fd;W <d;w gR fd;wplk; fhl;Lk; md;GNghy tpUe;jpduplk; md;Gfhl;b vYk;Ng FspUk;gbahd md;ghy; nefpor; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. “Nfspu; Nghyf;Nfs; nfhsy; Ntz;b Ntshz; thapy; Ntl;gf; $wp fz;zpw; fhz ez;Ztop ,uP,g; gUF md;d mUfh Nehf;fnkhL cUF gitNghy; md;G Fspu;nfhsP,” (nghUeuhw;Wg;gil: 74-78) vd nghUeuhw;Wg;gilapd; ghly; mbfs; czu;j;Jfpd;wd. NkYk; mjpad; xsitf;F mspj;j ney;ypf;fdpapd; %yKk; tpUe;Njhk;gypd; ngUikia mwpa KbfpwJ. “ngUkiy tplufj;J mUkpir nfhz;l rpwpapiy ney;ypj; jPq;fpdp FwpahJ Mjy; epd;dfj;J mlf;fpr; rhjy; ePq;f vkf;F <j;jidNa” (GwehD}W: 91) nfhy;ypkiyr;rhuypy; mjpadpd; mupa Kaw;rpahy; fpilj;j ney;ypf;fdp cz;gtUf;F ePz;l MAs; jUk; vd mwpe;Jk; mjid jhd; cz;gijtpl fy;tpr; nry;tk; epiwe;j xsit cz;gNj rpwe;jJ vdf;fUjp jd;idehb te;jpUe;j xsitf;F mf;fdpia mspj;j mjpadpd; tpUe;Njhk;gy; Nghw;wj;jf;fNjahFk;. ,itNghyNt ngupaGuhzj;jpy; mg;G+jpabfSk;> ,isahd;Fb khw ehadhUk; tpUe;Njhk;gypd; rpwg;ig cyfpw;F czu;j;jpAs;sdu;. KbTiu ‘gFj;Jz;L gy;Yapu; Xk;GjNy’ ,y;ywj;jpd; jiyaha newpahFk;. mj;jifa tpUe;Njhk;giy goe;jkpou;fs; jiyahaf;flikahf vz;zpdhu;fs;. kdpjd; rKjhaj;Jld; xd;wp tho;tjw;F xU ghykhf tpUe;Njhk;gy; tpsq;fpaJ. ,d;iwa ,ae;jpu cyfpy; tpUe;Njhk;gy; vd;gJ nry;t nropg;igf; fhl;Ltjw;fhfTk;> gyid vjpu;ghu;j;J tpUe;jspg;gjhfTk; khwptUfpwJ. ,e;epiykhw Ntz;Lkhapd;> “tpUe;J Gwj;jjhj; jhDz;ly; rhth kUe;njdpDk; Ntz;lw;ghw; wd;W” (Fws;: 82) vDk; ts;Stupd; thf;fpw;Nfw;g rhfhtuk; jUk; mKjj;ijAk; tpUe;jpdNuhL cz;L tpUe;Njhk;giy Nkd;ikAwr; nra;aNtz;Lk;.


TdLm 21

rpyg;gjpfhuk; fhl;Lk; tho;tpay; mwk;

Nfh.<Rtud;

KONeu Kidth; gl;l Ma;thsh; jkpo;j;Jiw> muR fiyf;fy;Y}hp> jUkGhp

Kd;Diu mkpo;jpDk; ,dpaJ jkpo;nkhop. ,k;nkhop njhd;ikkpf;fJ. rPhpa fUj;J eak; kpf;fJ. xt;nthU ,yf;fpaq;fSk; me;je;jf; fhyj;J kf;fspd; tho;f;ifg; gy $Wfspy; mike;Js;sij ,yf;fpak; top mwpayhk;. rkaj;ijAk; r%fj;jpy; thOk; kdpj tho;tpay; mwnewpfis Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;L tpsq;fpait fhg;gpaq;fNs vd;why; mJ kpifahfhJ. vdNt tho;tpay; mw $Wfs; ,f;fl;Liuapy; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. tho;Tg; ghijiag; khw;wpa gz;G fzp;ifah; Fyj;jpy; gpwe;j ngz;zhapDk; Nfhtyidf; ,y;yw tho;tpy; mwk; gy nra;J tho;e;J fw;Gf;furpahf tho;e;jts; khjtp. jd; fhjyd; ftdj;ij nefpo;e;Jtpl;lJ. tpujk; G+z;L fhjyid vjph;Nehf;fpf; fhj;jpUf;fpd;whd;. fhjyd; jd; kidtpNahL ehL fle;J nrd;wij vz;zp> “Futu gzp md;wpAk;> Fyg;gpwg;G Ml;bNahL ,utpilf; fopjw;F> vd; gpiog;G mwpahJ” - (GwQ;Nrhp ,Wj;j fhij.90-91) vd;W tUe;jp ,y;ywk; NgZk; jifik rhd;wtshff; fhzg;gLfpwhs;. khjtpapd; cah;gz;G rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; Ngrg;gLtij mwpayhk;. kf;fl;NgW rpyk;gpy; fz;zfp kf;fl;Ngw;w ,oe;jtshf ,sq;Nfhthy; Rl;lg;gLfpwJ. kzpNkfiyapy; khjtp jd; kfs; kzpNkfiyiaf; fz;zfpapd; kfshf fUjp tho;tjhfr; rhj;jdhh; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. “ Ngailaha; gphpnta;Jk; gps;isapNdhLs;s epiythapdNt tuk; ngWth; IaWNtz;lh” vd;W jpUQhd rk;ge;jh; MWjy; $Wfpwhh;. rKjha xopg;Gepiyfspy; ,y;yw tho;tpy; cah;thff; fUjg;gLtJ kf;fl;NgwhFk;. Xh; MZk; ngz;Zk; xd;Wgl;l czh;Tld; ,y;ywk; vd;Dk; ,d;gj;jpy; jpioj;J ngWk; ntw;wpr; rhd;whf miktJ kf;fl;NgW rpyk;gpy; ed;kf;fl;NgW fstpd; top thuhf; fw;G epiyapy; ,y;yw tho;tpy; rpyfhyk; ,d;gj;Jld; tho;e;j fz;zfpf;F mikahky; guj;jikf; Fyj;jpy; te;j khjtpf;F mikfpwJ vd;gij> “khe;jsph; Nkdp khjtp kle;ij ghy;tha;f; Fotp gae;jds; vLj;J” - milf;fy fij> 15:22-23) vd;w thpfs; njspTg;gLj;JfpwJ. kf;fl;NgW tpl;Nlhk; vd;Dk; kfpo;r;rpapdhs; khjtpf;Fg; gpwe;j Foe;ijahf ,Ug;gpDk; FyNtw;Wik ghuhl;lhky;; Nfhtyd; mf;Foe;ijiaj; jd; Fyg;ngaiuf; fhf;f gpwe;j Foe;ijahff; fUjp jd; Fynja;tq;fspd; ngaiur; R+l;b kfpo;fpd;whd;. “vk;Fy nja;tg;ngah; <q;F ,Uf vd mzpNk fiyahh; Mapuk; fzpifah; kzpNkfiy vd tho;j;jpa Qhd;W” vd;Dk; ghly; mbfs; tpsf;Ffpd;wd. NkYk; jd; kfpo;r;rpia “kq;fy kle;ij khjtp jd;ndhL nrk;nghd;khhp (rpyk;G.37> 39) milf;fyf;fhij nghope;J ntspg;gLj;Jfpwhd;. FLk;g tho;T Nfhtyd; FLk;g tho;it ikakpl;L tphpfpwJ. Nfhtyd; ngUtzpf FLk;gj;J thhpR fz;zfpAk; mtDf;fpizahd FLk;gg; gpd;dzpAilats;. ,th;fs; jpUkzj;jpd;gpd; fhjyh; gphpahky; ftTf;if nefpohky; tho tpUk;gpdh;. fz;zfpAk; ,y;yw tho;itr; nrk;ikahf elj;Jfpwhs;. Nfhtyd; gphpe;j epiyapYk; ,y;ywk; Nghd;wp tho;fpwhh;. Nfhtyd; jpUk;gp te;jNghj tpUe;jpdiu cgrhpf;f Kbatpy;iyNa vd;W Vq;Ffpwhs;. vdNt> ,y;ywj;ij kdjhu Nghw;wpAk;> Njhw;gtshf fz;zfp mikfpwhs;. khjtpia vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; ,e;jpu Nyhfj;jpy;


TdLm 22

eldk; Ghpe;j Ch;trpjhd; khjtpahff; gpwg;ngLf;fpwhs;. jd; eldj;jpwik> moF ,tw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp ahhplKk; gzk; gwpf;Fk; ,ope;j nray; ,tsplk; ,y;iy. Nfhtyd; gphpe;J nrd;wNghJk; mtdJ md;ig tpUk;gpdhs;. rpyk;G czh;j;Jfpd;wd. tpUe;Njhk;gy; jpUts;Sth; tWikapd; nfhLikia ,dpikahf ,d;dhjJ ,d;ikia vd;W Rl;Lfpwhh;. jkpoh; gz;ghl;by; ,y;yw tho;tpd; xU gFjpahf tpUe;Njhk;gy; gz;G mikfpwJ. “mwg;ghp rhuKk; tpUe;J Gw;wjUck; ngUe;jz; tho;f;ifAk; kidAk; - (rpyk;G).85>86) vd;w mbfs; %yk; Nfhtyd; jha;> Nfhtyd; fz;zfp ,UtiuAk; jdpkidapy; mkh;j;jp tpUe;jpdiu cgrhpf;fk; gz;ig mwpa tpUk;Gtjhff; $Wfpwhs;. ,f;$w;wpd; %yk; tpUe;jpdiu vjph;Nehf;fp fhj;jpUe;J mf;fhy kf;fspd; gz;ig fhzyhk;. murpay; gpioj;Njhw;f;F mwk; murpay; Kiw jtwpa ghz;bad; neLQ;nropaNd ‘rpyk;G fsT’ gw;wp tof;if Kiwg;gb kd;dd; mwpatpy;iy. “muz;kidapypUe;J rpyk;gpidj; jpUba fs;td; mfg;gl;Ltpl;lhd;. mtd; ,g;nghOJ vd; rpWFbapy; jhd; ,Uf;fpwhd;” vd;w nghw;nfhy;yd; $wpaijNa Vw;W muritapy; $wNtz;ba jPh;g;ig muz;kid eiltopapy; $wpdhd;. “jho;G+q; Nfhij jd; fhw;rpyk;G fd;wpa fs;td; ifaJ Mfpy nfhd;wr; rpyk;G nfhzh;f <q;nfd” (fhij.16:151-153thp). kd;dd; mspj;j jPh;g;ig epiwNtw;Wk; nghWg;igf; fhtyh;f;Fj; je;jhd;. jPh;g;G epiwNtwpaJ. Fw;wk; nra;ahj Nfhtyd; nfhiyAz;lhd;. Fw;wk; nra;j nghw;nfhy;yd; jg;gptpl;lhd;. “ahNd murd;? ahNd fs;td;! nfLf vd; MAs;!” vd;gNj kd;dd; mspj;j jPh;g;Gk; jz;lidAk; Mk;. ghz;bad; caph; ,oe;jJ. mwk; je;j jz;lid> mwk; $w;whfpj; je;jJ vd;gij Kjy; cz;ikahf mbfs; czh;j;jpdhh;. kJiuapy; ,y;tho;f;if kJiu nry;Yk; topapy; Nfhtyd;> fz;zfp Mfpa ,UtUf;Fk; topj;Jizahff; fTe;jpabfs; vd;Dk; rkzj;Jwtp mike;jdh;. fTe;jpabfs; Nfhtydpd; epiyfz;L ,uq;fpdh;. mth; fz;zfpapd; fw;gpidg; ghuhl;bdh;. ,k;%tUk; neLehs; top ele;J kJiuia mile;jdh;. khjhp vd;Dk; ,ilf;Fy kle;ijaplk; ,t;tpUtiuAk; xg;gilj;jdh;. fz;zfpf;Fg; ghJfhtyhfj; jd; kfs; Iiaiag; gzpj;jhs;. rikaYf;F Ntz;ba fha;fwpfs;> mhprp> gUg;G Mfpa midj;ijAk; nfhLj;jhs;. fz;zfp rikj;Jtpl;L jiukPJ jz;zPiuj; njspj;Jj; jd; ifahy; jltpj; J}a;ik nra;jhs;. Fkhp thioapd; FUj;jpid tphpj;jhs;. “mKjk; cz;f mbfs; <q;nfd” vd mioj;J czT gilj;jhs;. Nfhtyd; cz;Ztijf; fz;L mts; kfpo;e;jhs;. Nfhtyd; czT cz;ZtijAk; fz;zfp mtDf;F czT gilg;gilAk; khjhpAk;> IiaAk; fz;L tpag;Gw;wdh;. “fw;ngdg; gLtJ fztd; nrhy;jpwk;ghik” vd;w %Jiuapd;gb xOfpdhs;. gpd;G Nfhtyd; fz;zfpiag; gphpe;J guj;ij Nkw;nfhz;ljhy; mwNthh;f;fspj;jy; Nghd;w ,y;yw xOf;fq;fisf; fz;zfp nra;aKbahj epiyapy; ,Ue;jhs;. ,jidf; fz;zfpNa> “mwNthh;f; fspj;jYk; me;jdh; xg;gYk; JwNthh;f;F vjph;jYk; njhy;Nyhh; rpwg;gpd; tpLe;njjph; nfhlYk; ,oe;j vd;id” - (nfhiyf;fsf;fhij.16:71-73) vd;W $wp jd; Jizaw;w tho;f;ifia vLj;jpak;gpdhs;. me;jzUf;Fk;> mwk; Nfl;L tUfpd;wth;f;Fk;> tpUe;jpdh;f;Fk; VJk; nra;a Kbatpy;iyNa vd;W tUe;jpdhs;. ,y;ywj;jpd; <LgLk; fztDk; kidtpAk; md;G khwhtz;zk; tho;f;if elj;jNtz;Lk;. xUth; Nky; xUth; capiu itj;J thoNtz;Lk;. rpwpJ tpyfpdhYk; mJ Nguoptpw;Ff; nfhz;L Ngha;tpLk;. neLehs; gphpe;J tho;e;j NfhtyDk; fz;zfpAk; xd;W$b kJiu efhpd;fz; cz;ikahd ,y;yw tho;f;ifiaj; njhlq;fpdh;. gphpe;jth; $bdhy; ePz;lNeuk; NgrTk; Ntz;LNkh? rpyg;gjpfhuk; jdpkdpj tho;f;ifapy; xOf;fj;ij typAj;Jfpd;wd.


TdLm 23

KbTiu rpwpa fz;zhbapd; epotpNy nghpakiyapd; tbtk; tpsq;fpj; Njhd;WtJ Nghyr; rpyg;gjpfhi; nrwpthd fUj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. tho;tpay; cz;ikfshd nrq;Nfhypd; rpwg;G fw;Nkk;ghL Co;tpidg;gad; rKjha tho;f;ifKiw Nghd;witfis rpwg;ghf vLj;Jiuj;Js;sJ. ,k;ikf;Fk; kWikf;Fk; cs;s Jizahf epw;Fk; ey;ywj;jpid tho;ehis tPo; ehshf;fhky; Njbf;nfhs;SkhW tho;tpay; mwr;rpe;jidfisr; rpyg;gjpfhuk; czh;j;Jfpd;wd.


TdLm 24

mwE}y;fs; czh;j;Jk; tho;tpay;

Kidth; rp.fNzrd;

cjtpg; Nguhrphpah;> jkpo;Jiw> jkpo; muR fiyf; fy;Y}hp> jUkGhp

Kd;Diu tho;f;ifapy; Vw;glf;$ba ,d;g Jd;gq;fs; gl;lwpthf cjTfpd;wd. mit kdpjidg; gf;Ftg;gLj;Jk; jpwd; tha;e;jitahf tpsq;fty;yd. fy;tpapy; rpwe;j rhd;Nwhh;fs; kf;fs; eyKld; tho;tjw;Fr; rpwe;j mwE}y;fis ahj;Js;sdh;. mtw;iwf; filg;gpbj;Jk;> fw;Wzh;e;Jk; tho;e;J te;jhy; epiwthd ngUtho;T thoyhk;. cyfePjp> Mj;jpr;#b> nfhd;iwNte;jd;> %Jiu> ey;top> Nghd;w mwE}y;fspy; fhzg;gLk; tho;tpay; fUj;Jfs; ,q;F tpsf;fg; ngWfpd;wd. cyfePjp $Wk; tho;tpay; cyfePjp E}ypd; Mrphpah; cyfehjd;. vd;gJ ,e;E}ypd; ,Wjpr; nra;As; %yk; mwpag;gLfpwJ. ,th; KUff; flTsplj;J mstw;w gj;jpik cilath; vd;gij xt;nthU nra;Aspd; <w;wbAk; czh;j;Jfpd;wJ. gpQ;R cs;sq;fspy; ed;F gjpaj;jf;f Kiwapy; ,e;E}ypd; eil mike;Js;sJ. Xjhky; xUehSk; ,Uf;f Ntz;lhk; xUtiuAk; nghy;yhq;F nrhy;y Ntz;lhk; khjhit xUehSk; kwf;f Ntz;lhk; tQ;ridfs; nra;thNuhL ,zq;f Ntz;lhk; gRkuj;jpy; miwag;gLk; MzpNghd;W gpQ;R neQ;rpy; GFj;jg;ngWk;; gy ey;y fUj;Jf;fis cs;slf;fpaJ ,e;E}y;. ,e;E}ypy; tpsf;fg;ngWk; fUj;Jf;fis kdpjd; jd; tho;f;ifapy; filg;gpbj;jhy; tsKld; thoyhk;. $lhel;G gw;wp> Nruhj ,le;jdpNy Nru Ntz;lhk; tQ;ridfs; nra;thNuhL ,zq;f Ntz;lhk; ey; ,zf;fk; ,y;yhNuhL ,zq;f Ntz;lhk; rpde;jpUe;jhh; thry;topr; Nru Ntz;lhk; nfhiy fsT nra;thNuhL ,zq;f Ntz;lhk; kjpahjhh; jiythry; kpjf;f Ntz;lhk; GwQ;nrhy;ypj; jphptuNuhL ,zq;f Ntz;lhk; kwk;Ngrpj; jphpthNuhL ,zq;f Ntz;lhk; vd;W ghLfpwhh;. ,g;ghly; thpfs; ey;y ez;gh;fisj; Njh;e;njLg;gjw;F> ey;y el;Gf; nfhs;tjw;F> jPath;fis ,dq;fz;L nfhs;tjw;F kpfTk; Jiz nra;tjha; mikfpd;wd.

Kfj;jpd; ,dpa efhm mfj;J,d;dh tQ;riu mQ;rg; gLk; (Fws;: 824)

vd;w ts;Sthpd; Fwl;ghTk; Kfj;jpdhy; kl;Lk; ,dpikahf eifj;Jg;Ngrp neQ;rpdhy; vg;nghOJk; NfL nra;a epidf;Fk; tQ;rfh;fisf; fz;L mQ;rp xJq;fpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W $WfpwJ. ,j;jifa E}y;fs; ek; mwpahik ,Uis mfw;Wk; xsp tpsf;Ffshfj; jpfo;fpd;wd. Mj;jpr;#b tw;GWj;Jk; tho;tpay; Mj;jpr; #bapd; Mrphpah; xsitahh;. mjpakhd; mspj;j ney;ypf;fdpia cz;L neLq;fhyk; tho;e;jth; vd;W $wg;gLfpwJ. ,th; ,aw;wpaUspa E}y;fSs; Mj;jpr;#bAk; xd;W. rpWth;fs; ,sk; gUtj;jpNyNa kddk; nra;J kdj;jpy; ,Uj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy; rpWrpW nrhw;nwhlh;fshy; vspikahf mike;jJ Mj;jpr;#b.


TdLm 25

mZitj; Jisj;Njo; fliyg; Gfl;bf; FWfj; jhpj;j Fws;

vd;W ts;Sthpd; rpwg;igg; Gfo;e;J ghba xsitahh; xU thpapNyNa tho;tpw;Fj; Njitahd ePjpf; fUj;Jf;fisf; $wpapUg;gJ Fwpf;fj;jf;fJ. ,uz;L thpfshy; Gfo;ngw;w jpUts;stiu ,uz;L nrhw;nwhlh;fshy; xsit Gfo;e;Jiuj;jJ nghUj;jKilajhFk;. E}w;wpnal;L thpfis cila ,e;E}ypy; tho;tpaYf;F Njitahd nra;jpfisj; njhFj;jspj;Js;shh;. mwk; nra tpUk;G vd;W njhlq;Fk; ,g;ghly; thpfs; ,sk; rpwhh;fs; neQ;rpy; ey;y vz;zq;fisr; rpWtaJ KjNy tsh;f;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;NjhL ,aw;wg;gl;bUg;gij czu Kbfpd;wJ. mwk; nra;a Ntz;Ltij ,sikapy; tpUg;gkhff; nfhs;gth; tho; ehs; Kof;fj; njhlh;e;Nj nra;th; vdyhk;. Rw;wk; Ngzy; jd; Rw;wj;jhuhy; jkf;Fg; gad; ,y;yhtpl;lhYk; mth;fisAk; jOtpr; nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh;. ,jw;F mofhd xU tpsf;fj;ij ,uz;L nrhw;nwhlhpy; tpsf;fpAs;shh;. qg;Nghy; tis vd;gJ ,j;njhlh;. q vd;Dk; vOj;J jdf;Fg; gpd;tUk; qh> qp Nghd;w gadpy;yhj vOj;Jf;fisj; jOtpf; nfhs;fpwJ. mJNghy; jd; ,dj;jhh; gadw;wtuhapUg;gpDk; mth;fisAk; jOtpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh;.

,d;gk; tpioahd; tpidtpiothd; jd;Nfsph; Jd;gk; Jilj;J}d;Wk; J}z; (Fws;: 615)

jd;Dila ,d;gj;ij tpUk;ghky; jhd; Nkw;nfhz;l tpidiar; nra;J Kbf;Fk; Kaw;rp cilatd; jd; Rw;wj;jhhpd; Jd;gq;fisj; jhq;Ffpd;w J}z; Nghd;wtd; vd;Dk; ts;Stj;jpd; fUj;Jk; ,q;F epidaj;jf;fJ. NkYk;> Njrj;NjhL xj;Jtho;> nghpahiuj; Jizf;nfhs;> Nkd;kf;fs; nrhw;Nfs;> CUld; $btho; Nghd;w njhlh;fs; Rw;wj;jpdiu kl;Lky;yhJ CUlDk;> Njrj;JlDk; ,ize;J xw;Wikahf tho Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk;> mjw;F mwptpy; rpwe;j rhd;Nwhh;fisAk;> mth;fspd; mwpTiufisAk; Nfl;L elf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; mwpTWj;Jfpd;wJ. nfhd;iw Nte;jDk; tho;tpaYk; xsitahh; ,aw;wpa 91 ghly;fisf; nfhz;l E}y; nfhd;iwNte;jd;. XhpU thpfshy; Md nra;Al;fs; ,jpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. md;idAk; gpjhTk; Kd;dwp nja;tk; vdj; njhlq;Fk; Kjy; ghly; jha; je;ijahpd; rpwg;Gg; gw;wpf; $Wfpd;wJ. gps;isfspd; rpwg;gpid> “Vth kf;fs; %th kUe;J” . xU Ntiyiar; nra;tjw;F VTtjw;F Kd;dNu Fwpg;gwpe;J nra;Ak; gps;isfs;> ngw;wth;fSf;Fj; Njthkph;jk; Nghd;wth;fs; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. if tpsf;fhd fy;tp tpyq;nfhL kf;fs; midah; ,yq;FE}y;

fw;whNuhL Viz ath; (Fws;: 410) vd;w Fws; tpyq;FfSf;Fk; kf;fSf;Fk; cs;s NtWghNl E}y;fisf; fw;wth;fl;Fk; fy;yhjth;;fSf;Fk; cs;s NtWghL vd;fpwJ. xsitahUk; ,jid> “ifg;nghUs; jd;dpy; nka;g;nghUs; fy;tp” ifapy; cs;s nghUistpl> cz;ikg; gaidj; jUk; nghUshtJ fy;tpNaahFk; vd;fpwhh;. NkYk;> “Xjhjhh;f;F ,y;iy czh;nthL xOf;fk;” gbf;fhjth;fSf;F ey;y mwpTk; ey;y elj;ijAk; cz;lhtjpy;iy vd;fpwhh;. NkYk;> “Kw;gfy; nra;apd; gpw;gfy; tpisAk;” xU gfypd; Kw;gFjpapy; xUtd; gpwUf;Fj; jPq;F nra;jhy; gpw;gfypy; mj;jPq;F mtDf;Nf tpisAk; vd;fpwhh;. Kw;gfy; gpw;gfy; ,q;F tpiuT fUjpf; $wg;gl;lJ. jPik nra;jhy; jPik tpistJ Nghy ed;ik nra;jhy; cld; ed;ikAk; tpisAk; vd;gJ Fwpg;ghy; czh;j;jg;gLfpwJ.


TdLm 26

%JiuAk; tho;tpaYk; Xsitahh; ,aw;wpa %Jiu ehd;F thpfisf;; nfhz;l 30 ghly;fisf; nfhz;lJ. xt;nthU ghlYk; tho;tpw;Fj; Njitahd mwf;fUj;Jf;fis etpy;fpd;wd. gad; fUjhky; cjtp nra;gth;fSf;Fj; njd;idiaAk;> ey;yth;fSf;Fr; nra;Ak; cgfhuk; fy;Nky; vOjpa vOj;ijAk;> khdKila rhd;NwhUf;Ff; fw;W}izAk; rhd;W fhl;bapUg;gJ ,thpd; fw;gidj; jpwj;jpidf;fhl;Lk;. cz;ikr;Rw;wk; gw;wp mw;w Fsj;jpd; mWePh;g; gwitNghy; cw;Wopj; jPh;thh; cwty;yh; - mf;Fsj;jpw; nfhl;bAk; Mk;gYk; nea;jYk; NghyNt xl;b cWthh; cwT vd;w ,g;ghly; cz;ikr; Rw;wkhdJ vt;thW ,yq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. Fsj;jpy; ePh; tw;wpg; Nghdhy; mjdpd;Wk; ePq;Ffpd;w ePh;g;gwit Nghy; ekf;Fj; Jd;gk; my;yJ tWik te;jnghOJ ePq;fpr; nry;gth;fs; cw;w cwtpdh;fs; Mfhh;. mf;Fsj;jpy; cs;s nfhl;b> Mk;gy;> nea;jy; nfhbfs; Nghd;W ePq;fhJ> Jd;gk; te;jNghJk; tWikf; fhyj;Jk; ek;ik ePq;fhJ ,Ug;NghNu cz;ikahd Rw;wj;jhuhthh;.

Nfl;bDk; cz;Nlhh; cWjp fpisQiu ePl;b msg;gNjhh; Nfhy; (Fws;: 796)

ek;ik te;J milfpd;w jPikapYk; xU ed;ik cz;L. vt;thnwdpd; ek; ez;ghpd; ,ay;Gfisj; njhpe;J nfhs;s cjTk; msTNfhyhf mj;Jd;gk; gad;gLfpwJ vd;w ts;Sthpd; fUj;Jk; ,q;F epidf;fj;jf;fJ. tho;tpay; Rl;Lk; ey;top xsitahh; ghba 40 ghly;fspd; njhFg;G ey;topahFk;. tho;f;ifapy; ehk; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba ey;y topfis Muha;e;J $wpAs;shh;. ,e;E}ypy;> Gz;zpaj;jhy; ,d;gKk;> ghtj;jhy; Jd;gKk; cz;lhjyhy; ghtj;ij ePf;fpg; Gz;zpaj;ijr; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w ghlYld; njhlq;fp <ahikapd; ,opT> <jypd; rpwg;G> Nguhir $lhJ> cah;Fbg; gpwe;Njhh; rpwg;G> cotpd; cah;T> khdj;jpd; rpwg;G> guj;ijauhy; tUk; mopT> gpwd;kid tpioahik> cz;ikepiy Nghd;w tho;tpaYf;Fj; Njitahd> filg;gpbf;fj;jf;f ey;y fUj;Jf;fisf; $wpAs;shh;. grpapd; nfhLikia> khdq; Fyq;fy;tp tz;ik mwpTilik jhde; jtk; cah;r;rp jhshz;ik – Njdpd; frpte;j nrhy;ypah;Nky; fhKWjy; gj;Jk; grpte;jplg; gwe;J Nghk; khdk;> Fbg;gpwg;G> fy;tp> <if> jhdk;> jtk;> cah;T> nkhopy; Kaw;rp> Njd; NghYk; ,dpa nrhy;iyAila kq;ifah; Nky; Mir Mfpa gj;J ew;Fzq;fisAk; mopf;f ty;y Mw;wiyAilaJ grpahFk;. vdNt grpia tplf;nfhba Neha; Ntwpy;iy vd;fpwhh;. NkYk; nghUs; ,y;yhUf;F Vw;gLk; ,opepiyiaf; fy;yhNd ahdhYq; ifg;nghUs; xd;Wz;lhapd; vy;yhUQ; nrd;wq;F vjph;nfhs;th; - ,y;yhid ,y;yhSk; Ntz;lhs;kw;W <d;nwLj;j jha; Ntz;lhs; nry;yhJ mtd; thapw; nrhy; (ey;top: 34) fy;yhjtdhapDk; nghUs; cs;stiu vjph;nfhz;L cgrhpg;gh;. Mdhy; nghUspy;yhjtid kidtpAk; tpUk;gkhl;lhs;. ngw;w jhAk; tpUk;g khl;lhs; vd;W $Wfpwhh;.

mUspy;yhh;f;F mt;Tyfk; ,y;iy nghUspy;yhh;f;F ,t;Tyfk; ,y;yhfp ahq;F (Fws;: 47)

vd;w ts;Sthpd; fUj;Jk; ,q;F xg;GNehf;fj;jf;fJ. KbTiu tpijf;fg;gl;l gpd; cog;gLtJ E}y;taypy; kl;Lk;jhd; vd;w ,uhk.FUehjd; $w;Wf;Nfw;g gy mwE}y;fs; rhd;Nwhh;fshy; tpijf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jid cOJ gad;ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ ek; ifapy;jhd; cs;sJ.


TdLm 27

Mz;lhz;L NjhWk; mOJ Guz;lhYk; khz;lhh; tUtNuh khepyj;jPh; - Ntz;lh ekf;Fk; mJtopNa ehk;Nghk; msTk; vkf;nfd vd;W ,l;Lz;L ,Uk; (ey;top – 10) tUlf;fzf;fpy; mOJ Guz;lhYk; khz;lhh; tug;Nghtjpy;iy. ehis ekf;Fk; mk;kuzNk topahFk;. mjdhy; ehk;; ,we;J NghFk; tiu gpwUf;Ff; nfhLj;J cjtpf; ftiyaw;W ,Uf;fr; nrhy;fpwJ ey;topg; ghly;. vdNt mwE}y;fs; fhl;Lk; nra;jpfs; ek; tho;it Nkk;gLj;j cjTk; vd;gJ cWjpahFk;. mwE}y;fs; tw;GWj;Jk; fUj;Jf;fs; khDl tho;tpd; Nkd;ikfis cah;j;Jk; khz;Gilad vdj; Njwyhk;.


TdLm 28

kzpNkfiy fhl;Lk; MGj;jpudpd; mwk;

Kidth; ,u.nre;jpy;uhzp

cjtpg;Nguhrphpah;> jkpo;j;Jiw> gr;rKj;J fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; kfsph; fy;Y}hp> jUkGhp

nrt;tpay; nkhopahd jkpo;nkhopia ,yf;fpaq;fs; fhj;J epw;fpd;wd. ,yf;fpaq;fs; mwk;> nghUs> ,d;gk;;> tPL vd;w ehd;fpidAk; cWjpg;nghUshff; nfhz;L gilf;fg;gl;litahFk;. ,t;TWjpg;nghUs;fspy; mwNk vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; njhlf;fkhf mikfpd;wJ. kdpjd; jdf;nfd tiuaWj;Jf; nfhz;l xOf;f newpfspd; njhFjpNa mwk; vd;gjhFk;.gpwtpNjhWk; kdpjidg; gw;wpf; nfhz;L tUk; jPtpidia mWj;njwptNj mwk; vd;W Md;kPf Kiwapy; tpsf;fkspf;fg;gLfpwJ. kdjstpy; Fw;wkpy;yhky; ,Ug;gJ mwk; vd;W ts;Stk; $WfpwJ. rpyg;gjpfhuk; ‘murpay; gpioj;Njhh;f;F mwk; $w;whFk;’ ; vd;fpwJ. cyfpy; thOk; capu;fSf;nfy;yhk; czTk;> cilAk;> ,Uf;f ,lKk; jUtJ mwk; vd;fpwJ kzpNkfiy. “mwnkdg;gLtJ ahJ? vdf; Nfl;gpd; kwthJ ,J Nfs;;: kd;Dapu;f;nfy;yhk; cz;bAk; cilAk; ciwASk; my;yJ fz;lJ ,y; …….”

(MGj;jpuNdhL kzpgy;ytk; mile;j fhij 227-230) vd;Dk; mbfs; Nkw;fz;l fUj;Jf;F rhd;W gfh;fpd;wd. rq;fk; kUtpa fhyj;jpy; ngsj;j rkak; jkpofj;jpy; tpupthfg; gutp kf;fspilNa nry;thf;Fg; ngw;wJ.Gj;jUila tuyhWk; mwpTiuAk; Gyth; rhj;jdhiu nghpJk; fth;e;jJ. ,jd;ntspg;ghNl Ik;ngUq;fhg;gpaq;fspy; xd;whd kzpNkfiyf; fhg;gpak;. ,J Jwtwj;ij typAWj;Jtjhy; ,jw;F rhj;jdhh; kzpNkfiyj;JwT vdg; ngahpl;L toq;fpdhh;. kzpNkfiy Kjy; rkaf; fhg;gpakhFk;. ,J rPu;jpUj;jf; fhg;gpak; vd;Dk; rpwg;gpw;FupaJ. ,f;fhg;gpak; ngsj;jrkaf; Nfhl;ghLfis tpupthf vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. nfhy;yhik> CDz;zhik, fs;Sz;zhik Mfpatw;iw typAWj;JfpwJ. midj;J capu;fsplj;jpy; md;G ghuhl;lNtz;Lk; vd;gij tpsf;FfpwJ. vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhfr; rpiwf;Nfhl;lk; mwf;Nfhl;lkhf khw;wg;gL;tJk; mKjRugp nfhz;L; grpg;gpzpia ePf;FtJk; fhg;gpaj;jpd; jdpr;rpwg;ghFk;. grp vd;gJ cyfpd; jPh;f;f ,ayhj ngUk; gpur;ridahf cUthfptpl;lJ. ,yf;fpaq;fs; gyTk; grpiag; Nghf;Ftjw;fhd toptiffisf; $wpdhYk; kzpNkfiy xd;Wjhd; KOf;f KOf;f grpaw;w cyifg;gilf;f topfhl;LfpwJ. grpNa ,y;yh cyfpy; jhd; kdpjd; kdpjdhf thoKbAk; vd;gij czh;e;J mjw;nfd gilf;fg;gl;l fijkhe;jh; jhd; MGj;jpud;. MGj;jpud; tuyhW kzpNkfiy fhg;gpaj;jpy; MGj;jpud;> Gz;zpauhrd; vd;w ,U$Wfshf mikAk;. xU gpwtpapy; MGj;jpudhfTk; kWgpwtpapy; Gz;zpauhrdhfTk; rpj;jupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ghj;jpuk; ngw;w fhijapy; MGj;jpuid Njhw;Wtha; nra;;J> MGj;jpud; jpwkwptpj;j fhijapy; mtdJ gpwg;G> tsu;g;G gw;wpAk; mtd; nra;j mwq;fisg; gw;wpAk; $wg;gl;Ls;sd. ghj;jpukuG $wpa fhijapy; rpe;jhNjtpaplkpUe;J mKj Rugpiag; ngw;wJ gw;wpAk;> ,e;jpud; nra;j #o;r;rpapdhy; mwk; nra;tjw;F ,ilêW Vw;gl;ljhy; rhtf ehl;bw;Fr; nry;y vz;ZjYk; topapy; kzpgy;ytj;jpy;; ,wj;jYk; rhtfehl;by; mtd; gpwj;jYk; ciuf;fg;gl;L;s;sd. ghj;jpuk; nfhz;L gpr;ir Gf;f fhijapy; rhtf ehl;L Nte;jdhfpa ékpre;jpud; vd;gtdhy; tsu;f;fg;gl;L Gz;zpaurdhf muRupik ngw;wJ gw;wpAk; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.MGj;jpud; ehlile;j fhijapy; kzpNkfiy mtd; murhSk; rhtf ehl;bw;F nry;YtJ gw;wpAk;> MGj;jpuNdhL kzpgy;ytk; mile;j fhijapy; Gz;zpaurdhfpa MGj;jpuid kzpgy;ytj;jpw;Fk; tutioj;J


TdLm 29

gok;gpwg;ig czur;nra;J gpd;du; mtd; ehl;bw;F mDg;gp itj;jYk; $wg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;thW kzpNkfiyapy; MW fhijfspy; MGj;jpud; tuyhW $wg;gl;Ls;sd. MGj;jpudpd; gpwg;G fhrpapy; tho;e;j mgQ;rpfd; vd;w Ntj cghj;jpapd; kidtp rhyp. ,ts; fw;Gj;jtwpd;ikahy; fztDila jz;lidf;F mQ;rpf; Fkup ePuhLk; nghUl;L njd;jpirf;F te;J Fkupapy; ePuhbtpl;Lj; jpUk;Gk;NghJ fUKw;wp es;spUspy; Mz;kfit <d;whs;. mij ahUf;Fk; njupahky; fplj;jpr; nrd;Wtpl;lhs;. grpahy; Foe;ij mOjJ. Foe;ijapd; mOFuiyf; Nfl;L xUgR mf;Foe;ijj; grpjPu ghiyr; Rue;J Cl;baJ. VOehs; tiu ghJfhj;J te;jJ. gF ghJfhj;jikahy; mf;Foe;ijf;F MGj;jpud; vd ngauhapw;W. ,sk;g+jp vd;Dk; me;jzd; kidtpNahL mt;topapy; te;jNghJ mf;Foe;ij Vq;fpaOj Fuiyf;Nfl;L ‘,k;kfd; Mkfd; my;yd; vd;kfd;’ vd;W $wp vLj;Jr;nrd;W tsu;j;jhd;.me;jzu;f;Fupa Ntjq;fisnay;yhk; fw;Wf;nfhLj;jhd;. MGj;jpudpd; ,uf;fg;gz;G xUehs; me;jzu; xUtu; tPl;by; Nts;tpf;F gypnfhLf;fg; gR xd;iwf; fl;b itj;jpUe;jij MGj;jpud; fz;lhd;. mQ;rp eLq;fpa epiyapy; mg;gRtpd; Jaupidf; fz;L ngUe;Jauk; nfhz;lhd;. ,utpy; ahUk; mwpahj NghJ mg;gRit tpLtpj;J mt;t+iu tpl;L ePf;fpdhd;. mg;gRitj; Njba me;jzh;; MGj;jpudpd; nraiyf; fz;L ,opthd nrhw;fshy; tirahb mtid mbj;Jk; Jd;GWj;jpdu;. mg;NghJ mtd; cyf kf;fSf;F gR Nka;r;ry; epyj;jpy; cs;s Gy;iy Nka;e;J mtu;fs; gpwe;jJ Kjy; jd; ,dpa ghiyj;jUfpwJ vd;W $Wtjd;%yk; MGj;jpudpd; caph;fSf;F ,uq;Fk; gz;G ntspg;gLfpwJ. ,jid

“Mj;Jau; fz;L neQ;ReLf; Fw;W neLq;fzPu; cFj;J fs;s tpidapd; fLe;Jau; gho;gl es;,Us; nfhz;L elf;Ftd; vd;Dk; cs;sk; Rue;J Mq;F xUGil xJq;fp my;ypil Mf;nfhz;L mg;gjp mfd;Nwhd;

(MGj;jpud; jpwk; mwptpj;j fhij 33-38) vd;Dk; mbfs; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. MGj;jpudpd; <if me;jzu;fsplk; thjpl;l MGj;jpuid tsu;g;Gj; je;ij g+jp jd;kidapypUe;J ePf;fptpl;lhd;. Iaf; fyNde;jpg; gpr;irnaLf;fr; nrd;wNghJ mtid gRitj; jpUbatd; vd;W ,fo;e;jdu;. mjdhy; nry;te;ju;fs; thOk; kJiuf;Fr; nrd;whd;. fiykfs; Nfhl;lj;J thapypy; cs;s kd;wpypy; jq;fpdhd;.mq;F tPLtPlhfr; nrd;W gpr;irnaLj;jhd;. mjdhy; fpilj;j cztpid midtUf;Fk; gfph;e;J nfhLj;J vQ;rpaij jhDk; cz;L kfpo;e;jhd; vd;gij

“fhzhu; Nfshu; fhy;Klk; gl;Nlhu; NgZeh; ,y;Nyhh; gpzp eLf;Fw;Nwhu; ahtUk; tUf! vd;W ,irj;J cld;Cl;b cz;Lxop kpr;rpy; cz;L”

(MGj;jpud; jpwk; mwptpj;j fhij 111 -115) vd;Dk; mbfspd;; top MGj;jpudpd; gFj;Jz;L gy;Yaph; Xk;Gjy; gz;G ntspg;gLfpwJ. xUehs; es;spUspy; topapy; ele;J te;Njhh; tUe;jp tapw;Wg;grpf;fhf VNjDk; cztpUg;gpd; toq;FkhW Nfl;ldh;.grpiag; Nghf;f topawpahJ tUe;jpdhd;. mg;nghOJ rpe;jhNjtp Njhd;wp “ehL KOtJk; tWik Vw;gl;lhYk; ,t;thpa ghj;jpuk; tWikailahJ. Fiwtpd;wp cztspf;Fk; mopahj;jd;ikaJ” vd;W $wp ifafj;jpUe;j mKjRugpiaf; nfhLj;jJ. mg;ghj;jpuj;ijf; nfhz;L; topg;Nghf;fUf;F cztspj;J kfpo;e;jhd;.gpd;G mKjRugp


TdLm 30

ghj;jpuk; nfhz;L gy capu;fspd; grpia Nghf;fpdhd;. ,jpypUe;J MGj;jpud; kf;fspd; caph;f; fhtydhf tho;e;jhd; vd;gJ njhpfpwJ. MGj;jpudpd; gw;ww;w jd;ik MGj;jpudpd; mwr;nray;fs; NjNte;jpudpd; ntz;zpwf; fk;gsj;ij eLq;fr; nra;jJ. ngsj;j nfhs;ifiaf; filgpbj;J nfhil> <if mwk; Kjypatw;why; Nkd;ikahNdhh; ,Ue;jhy; fk;gsk; eLq;fKWk;. mf;Fwpg;gwpe;J ,e;jpud; cyfpy; Njhd;wp tuk; jUthd;. mg;gb tukspg;gjw;fhf ,e;jpud; me;jzh; tbtpy; te;J MGj;jpuid tpz;zfj;jpw;F tUk;gb mioj;jhd;. mg;NghJ mtid vs;sp eifahb

“mwQ;nra; khf;fs; Gwq;fhj; Njhk;Geu; ew;wtk; nra;Nthu; gw;ww Kay;Nthu; ahtUk; kpy;yhj; Njtu;ey; ehl;Lf;F ,iwthfpa ngUtuy; Nte;Nj”

(ghj;jpukuG $wpa fhij 40-44) vdf;F “grp jPh;e;j kf;fspd; ,dpa Kfj;ijf; fhzr; nra;Ak; ,e;jg; ghj;jpuk; xd;Nw vdf;Fg; NghJk;” vd;W nrhy;yp MGj;jpud; ,e;jpuid mDg;gptpLfpwhd;. tpz;zfk; nry;tjw;F mwk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;wpUe;j fhyj;jpy; MGj;jpud; tpz;zfk; Ntz;lhk; vd;W $wpaJ mtuJ cah;e;j gz;ghl;ilAk; MGj;jpudpd; gw;ww;w cs;sj;ijAk; Gyg;gLj;Jtjhf mike;Js;sJ. MGj;jpud; jdf;nfd thohj;jd;ik ghz;ba ehL nropg;gile;jhy; mq;F czT Ntz;LNthu; ,y;yhj fhuzj;jhy; mq;fpUe;J rhtf ehL tWikAw;wJ Nfs;tpAw;W MGj;jpud; mq;Nf nry;y vz;zp fg;gNywpr; nry;Yk; NghJ fhw;W kpFe;J flypy; jj;jspj;jjhy; fg;gy; kzpgy;ytj;jpy; jq;fpw;W.mq;F ,wq;fpdhd;. kWehs; fg;gy; Gwg;gLk;NghJ mtid tpl;Lr;nrd;wJ. kdk; tUe;jpdhd;. rhtf ehl;by; cztpd;wp grpahy; tUe;Jk; capu;fl;F cztspj;J cz;gpj;Jk; ey;ywj;ij nra;tjw;F jd;dhy; ,aytpy;iy vd;W vz;zp ,g;ghj;jpuj;ijf; nfhz;L vd;Dapiu kl;Lk; fhg;ghw;wpf; nfhs;s tpUk;gtpy;iy vd;W cz;zh Nehd;gpUe;J capu;tpl;lhd;. capu;tplg;NghFk; Kd; “mUswk; éz;L Mq;F MUapNuhk;Geu; csu; vdpy; mtu;ifg;GFtha; “ (ghj;jpukuG $wpa fhij 92-93) vd;W $wp mg;ghj;jpuj;ijf; nfhz;L NfhKfpg; ngha;ifapy; tpLj;jhd;. ,jpypUe;J MGj;jpudpd; jdf;nfd thohj;jd;;ik ntspg;gLfpwJ. kz; jpzp Qhyj;J tho;Nthu; vy;yhk; cz;b nfhLj;Njhh; caph; nfhLj;NjhNu

(ghj;jpuk; ngw;w fhij 92-96) tapw;Wg; grpiag; Nghf;fpatu;fs; jhd; kf;fs; kdjpy; ,lk; ngWtu;. mg;gb kf;fSf;F czT nfhLj;J kf;fs; kdjpy; ePq;fh ,lk; ngw;wtd; MGj;jpud;. ,td; mUs; cs;sKk;> <if FzKk;> cs;sj;jpy; gw;ww;w jd;ikAk;> ey;nyz;zKk; nfhz;l MGj;jpudpd; mwr;nray;fs; Nghw;Wtjw;FupaJ. mwr;nray;fNs kdpj tho;tpy; cau;itf; nfhLf;Fk;. jdpnahUtUf;F cztpy;iynadpy; ,r;rfj;jpid mopj;jpLNthk; vd;whh; kfhftpghujp.ngsj;j fhg;gpakhd kzpNkfiy grpj;jtu;fSf;F cztspg;gijNa rpwe;j mwk; vd;W typAWj;JfpwJ. ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; kf;fspilNa md;djhdk; nra;tJ vd;gJ xU Gz;zpa nrayhf fUjg;gLfpwJ.


TdLm 31

ehybahh; fhl;Lk; tho;tpay; mwq;fs;

if.g.,uhN[];thp nfsut tphpTiuahsh;

jkpo;j;Jiw> muR fiyf;fy;Y}hp> jUkGhp

MZk; ngz;Zk; md;Gld; ,ize;J tho;tjhy;jhd; cyfk; epiyj;J epw;fpd;wJ. mth;fspd; cz;ikahd cwtpdhy;jhd; jdpj;jdp FLk;gq;fs; Njhd;wpd. FLk;g tho;T kf;fspilNa epiyj;j gpwFjhd; mwKk;> murpaYk; Njhd;wpd. kdpjd; mwnewpapNy epw;gjw;Fk;> ,d;gj;Jld; tho;tjw;Fk; tho;tpay; mwq;fs; ,d;wpaikahjJ. ,e;j tho;tpay; mwq;fis ek; ePjp ,yf;fpaq;fs; glk;gpbj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wd. ehybahh;> jpUf;FwSf;F mLj;j epiyapy; rpwg;ghf vz;zg;gLk; E}y;. jkpopy; Njhd;wpa rpwe;j ePjp ,yf;fpakhFk;.

“MYk; NtYk; gy;Yf;FWjp ehYk; ,uz;Lk; nrhy;Yf;FWjp”

vd toq;Fk; gonkhop ,jd; rpwg;ig tpsf;Fk;. mwk; kdpjd; mbg;gil Mjhukhd ,dk;> mwpT> kuG> ek;gpf;if> Nfhl;ghL Kjypatw;iwg; ngw;wNjhL> tho;f;if trjpfisAk; gy gphptpdhplkpUe;J ngWfpwhd;. ,g;gbf; nfhs;gtd; ,ij kWe;J gpwUf;Fj; jPik nra;ayhkh? jhk; ngw;wijf; fhl;bYk; mjpfkhf ed;ik nra;tjy;yth mwk;.

“mUk;ngwy; ahf;ifiag; ngw;w gaj;jhy; ngUk;gaDk; Mw;wNt nfhs;f fUk;G+h;e;j rhWNghy; rhyTk; gpd;cjtp kw;wjd; NfhJNghy; NghFk; clk;G” - (ehybahh; - 34)

ngWtjw;F mhpa cliy mile;j mwg;gadhy; ngUk;gad; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk; Gz;zpar; nray;fSk; kpFjpahfr; nra;J nfhs;f. fUk;G jd;id Miyapy; ,l;L Ml;Lgth;f;Fr;rhw;iw cjTjy; Nghy kWnka;g;gad; cjtpg; gpd;G mf;fUk;gpd; rf;ifNghy ,t;Tly; fope;JNghFk; ,ay;GilaJ. ,ij ts;Sth; gpwhplk; md;G nfhz;L mwk; nra;ahjtd; ntapypy; Jbj;Jr; rhFk; GO Nghy rhthd; vd;W $Wfpwhh;.

“vd;gp yjid ntapy; Nghyf; fhANk md;gp yjid mwk;” - (md;Gilik - 1) “,d;Wnfhy; md;Wnfhy; vd;Wnfhy; vd;dhJ gpd;iwNa epd;wJ $w;wnkd; nwz;zp xUTkpd; jPait xy;Yk; tifapy; kUTkpd; khz;lhh; mwk;” - (ehybahh; - 36)

,akdJ tUif ,e;j ,sik gUtj;jpNyh> KJikg; gUtj;jpNyh my;yJ vg;NghNjh vd;W vz;zpapuhky;> gpd;dhNyNa mtd; te;J kiwe;Js;shd; vd;W vz;zpj; jPa nray;fisr; nra;ahJ> khl;rpikAilath; $Wk; ey;ywq;fis Kbe;j mstpy; nra;Jtpl Ntz;Lk;.

nry;tk; “Jfs;ePh; ngUQ;nry;tk; Njhd;wpaf;fhy; njhl;Lg; gfL ele;j$o; gy;yhNuh Lz;f@ mfLw ahh;khl;Lk; epy;yhJ nry;tk; rflf;fhy; Nghy tUk;” - (ehybahh; - 2)


TdLm 32

Fw;wkw;w mwtopapy; <l;ba nghUl;nry;tk; cz;lhd fhyk; njhlq;fp midtUf;Fk; gad;gLk;. vUikf; flhf;fisg; G+l;b coT nra;J ngw;w nghUisg; gyUld; Nrh;j;J gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; nry;tk; ahhplj;Jk; epiyahf epy;yhky; tz;br; rf;fuk; Nghy;> fPo; NkyhfTk;> Nky; fPohfTk; khwptUk;.

rpdkpd;ik

“fhth njhUtd;jd; tha; jpwe;J nrhy;YQ; nrhy; XthNj - jd;idr; RLjyhy; XthNj Ma;e;jike;j Nfs;tp mwpTilahh; vQ;Qhd;Wk; fha;e;jike;j nrhy;yhh; fWj;J - (ehybahh; - 63)

xUtd; rpdj;jhNy mlf;fk; ,y;yhJ jd; thiaj; jpwe;J nrhy;Yk; fLQ;nrhy;> ,iltplhky; jd;idNa tUe;Jtjhy;> ,iltplhky; mwpT E}y;fis Muha;e;J epuk;gpa Nfs;tp mwpTilahh; vf;fhyj;Jk; rpde;J mr;rpdj;jhy; nghUe;jpa fLQ;nrhw;fisf; $wkhl;lhh;.

“ahfhth uhapDk; ehfhf;f fhthf;fhy; Nrhfhg;gh; nrhy;ypOf;fg; gl;L” - (Fws;.7)

vijf; fhf;fhtpl;lhYk; ehitj; jPanrhw;fs; Ngrhky; mlf;fp itf;fNtz;Lk;. ,y;yhtpl;lhy; ek; jiyapy; ehNk kz;izg; Nghl;Lf; nfhs;Sk; fijahFk;. vd;d czh;r;rp te;jhYk; rw;W epd;W epjhdpj;J Kjypy; czh;r;rpia khw;wNtz;Lk;. Kbahtpl;lhy; me;j ,lj;ij tpl;L nrd;WtplNtz;Lk;. jPa nrhw;fis ek;ik kwe;J Ngrptpl;lhy; mjdhy; Fw;wk;> jtW> jPik Kjypait cz;lhFk;. mjw;fhf ehk; fhynky;yhk; jPuhj Jauj;jpy; moNtz;b tUk;. <if

“,k;kp ahprpj; JizahDk; itfYk; Ek;kpy; ,iat nfhLj;Jz;kpd; - ck;ikf; nfhlhm jtnud;gh; Fz;LePh; itaj;(J) mlhm mLg;gp dth;” - (ehybahh; - 94)

flyhy; R+og;gl;l ,e;j cyfj;jpy; jkf;F vd;W rikf;fhj mLg;igAila ,ug;gtiu> Kd;gpwtpapy; jk;kplk; ,ue;jth;f;Ff; nfhlhjth; vd;W rhd;Nwhh; ciug;gh;. vdNt ehs;NjhWk; ck;kplk; cs;s nghUs;fSs; ,k;kp vd;Dk; msitf; nfhz;l mhprpapd; msTs;s nghUisNaDk; mwj;jpd; nghUl;lhfj; je;J gpd; cz;Zq;fs;. nka;ik

“tLtpyh itaj;J kd;dpa%d;wpy; eLtz nja;j ,UjiyAk; va;Jk; eLtz nja;jhjhd; va;Jk; ciyg;nga;J mLtJ NghYk; Jah;” - (ehybahh; - 114)

Fw;wkw;w ,t;Tyfj;jpy; ,d;wpaikahjdtha;g; nghUe;jpa mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk; vd;Dk; %d;Ws;> eLtpy; epd;w nghUs; vd;gij xUtd; mila> mjd; ,Ugf;fq;fspYk; cs;s mwk;> ,d;gk; vd;w ,uz;ilAk; milthd;. mt;thW eLtpNy epd;w nry;tj;ij milahjtd; nfhy;yd; ciyapy; ,l;;L ,Uk;gif; fha;r;RtJ Nghd;w tWikj; Jd;gj;ij milthd;. el;G

“nghpath; Nfz;ik gpiwNghy ehSk; thpir thpirah ej;Jk; - thpirahy; thD}h; kjpak; Nghy; itfYk; NjANk jhNd rpwpahh; njhlh;G” - (ehybahh; - 125)

nghpahh; el;Gg; gpiwr; re;jpuidg; Nghy; ehs;NjhWk; gbg;gbahf tsUk;. fPNohh; cwT thdj;jpy; jtOk; KOkjp Nghy ehs;NjhWk; rpwpJ rpwpjhfj; jhNd Nja;e;J Fiwe;J xopAk;.


TdLm 33

ey;ypdk; Nrh;jy; “ ghNyh lshaePh; ghyhF ky;yJ ePuha; epwk;njhpe;J Njhd;whjhk; - Njhpd; rpwpahh; rpWikAk; Njhd;whjhk;> ey;y nghpahh; ngUikiar; rhh;e;J” - (ehybahh; - 177).

ghYld; fye;j jz;zPh; ghyhfNth Njhd;WNk my;yhky; ePhpd; epwj;ij NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;lhJ. mJNghy MuhAkplj;J ew;FzKila nghpNahhpd; ngUq;Fzj;ijr; Nrh;j;jhy; rpwpNahhpd; rpWikf; FzKk; Njhd;whJ. ngUik

“kWikf;F tpj;J kaypd;wpr; nra;J rpWikg; glhNjePh; tho;kpd; - mwpQuha; epd;Wop epd;Nw epwk; Ntwhk; fhuzk; ,d;wpg; gyT Ks” - (ehybahh; - 183)

cly; epd;w epiyapypUe;Nj fhuzk; ,y;yhJ ,sik Kjypait NtWglk;. mJNt ,d;wpg; gpzp> tWik KjypaitAk; cz;L. Mjyhy; ey;y mwpit cilatuha; kWik ,d;gj;Jf;Ff; fhuzkhd mwj;ij kaf;fk; ,y;yhJ nra;J Jd;gkpd;wp thoNtz;Lk;. Cf;fNk cah;Tf;F top kdpjdhfg; gpwe;j xt;nthUtUk; tho;tpy; vijAk; vjph;nfhs;Sk; Jdpit ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,j;JzpNt Cf;fk; vdg;gLk;.

“cilahh; vdg;gLtJ Cf;fk; m/jpyhh; cilaJ cilaNuh kw;W” - (Fws; - 591)

ehk; tho;f;ifapy; Kd;NdWtjw;F ek;Kila cah;thd vz;zq;fNs fhuzk; MFk;. ekJ vz;zq;fs; vg;NghJk; cah;e;j vz;zq;fshfNt ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. jsh;r;rpailahky; Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;L Cf;fKld; ciog;gth;fNs tho;f;ifapy; ntw;wp milth;. Nrhk;giy mwNt Nghf;fp> xU nraiyj; njhlq;Ftjw;F Kd;dhy; ntw;wpailNthk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapy; njhlq;Fk; nray; epr;rak; ntw;wpailAk;.

KbTiu

“mwptJ mwpe;jlq;fpm Q;RtJ mQ;rp cWtJ cyFtg;gr; nra;J ngWtjdhy; ,d;Gw;W thOk; ,ay;gpdhh; vQ;Qhd;Wk; Jd;Gw;W tho;jy; mhpJ - (ehybahh; - 74)

ehybahh; ghly; fUj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;L tho;f;ifapy; mwpa Ntz;ba ed;ik jPikfis mwpe;J mQ;r Ntz;ba gopghtq;fSf;F mQ;rp rpdkpd;ik> rpwe;j el;G> Kaw;rp> ey;yKiwapy; Njba nry;tk;> rpwe;j mwk; ,JNghd;w rpy tho;tpay; mwq;fisf; filgpbj;Jr; nra;tij cyfk; kfpOkhW nra;J> mwnewpapy; te;j nghUshy; kfpo;e;J thOk; ,ay;Gilath; vf;fhyj;Jk; Jd;Gw;W tho;jy; ,y;iy.


TdLm 34

mfehD}w;wpy; fw;G newp

jp.uhjh

Kidth; gl;l Ma;thsh;> muR kfsph; fiyf;fy;Y}up> fpU\;zfphp

nrt;tpay; ,yf;fpaq;fshf Nghw;wg;gLk; vl;Lj;njhifAk; gj;Jg;ghl;Lk;> rKjhaj;jpd; gz;ghl;ilAk; tuyhw;iwAk; gpujpgypf;Fk; fz;zhbahfj; jpfo;fpd;wd. ,yf;fpaq;fs; mfk;> Gwk; vd ,uz;lhf gFj;J tho;f;if newpia r%fj;jpw;F czh;j;Jfpd;wJ vl;Lj;njhif E}y;fSs; xd;whd mfehD}W kdpj tho;tpd; mfczh;T tag;gl;l mf tho;f;if epfo;Tfis ntspg;gilahfTk; ,iykiwf; fhahfTk; Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwJ. ,t;tftho;f;ifg; ghly;fspy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s fw;G newp gw;wp ,t;tha;T fl;Liu vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. fw;G fw;G vd;w nrhy;Yf;F fl;Lg;ghL> Ky;iy fy;tp> jpahdk;> Ntiyg;ghL> kdcWjp> fl;lis Kjypa nghUs;fis mfuhjp Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ fw;G vd;w nrhy;Yf;Fg; gy;NtW nghUs;fs; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd. Mdhy; njhy;fhg;gpah; fhyk; Kjy; rq;f ,yf;fpa fhyk; tiuapYk; fw;G vd;gjw;F xOf;fk; vd;w nghUs; nghJikg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. fw;G vd;gjw;F njhy;fhg;gpau;> “fw;ngdg; gLtJ fhuznkhL Gzu nfhsw;Fhp kugpd; fpotd; fpoj;jpiaf; nfhilf;Fhp kugpNdhh; nfhLg;gf; nfhs;tJNt” (njhy; - fw;G) jiytpia nfhLj;jw;F chpNahh; nfhLg;gf; fuz (jpUkzr; rlq;F) Kiwahy; jiytd; Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjhFk; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. jkpoh; tho;tpy; fsTnewp> fw;Gnewp vd;w ,UgphpTfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. fsT vd;gJ ngw;NwhUk;> kw;NwhUk; mhpahj tifapy; gUtk; mile;j MZk; ngz;Zk; xUthplk; kw;nwhUth; kdk; fye;J fhjy; nfhz;L tho;tijf; fsT vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh;. fstpd; mLj;j epiy fw;G newpahFk;. fw;G vd;gJ fsnthOf;fk; xOfpf; fhjyd;G Kjph;e;J kze;J nfhz;L fhjyh; xU kdjhf ,y;ywk; elj;JtJ. njhy;fhg;gpaw; Fwpg;gpLk; fw;G fsT $l;lj;Jf;Fg; gpd; MZk; ngz;Zk; Kiwg;gb kze;J ,y;ywk; GhpAk; xOf;fk; vd;gd Nghd;w gy nghUl;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh;. fw;G gw;wpa jpUts;Sthpd; fUj;J cyfg; nghJkiwahd jpUf;Fwspy; ‘fw;G’ vdj; jiyg;gplg;gl;l jdp mjpfhuk; ,y;iy vd;whYk; fw;Gnewp gw;wpg; gy ,lq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

ngz;zpw; ngUe;jf;f ahTs fw;ngd;Dk; jpz;ik cz;lhfg; ngwpd;. (Fws; - 54)

vd;w Fws; ‘fw;G’ vd;Dk; cWjpg;ghL cila ngz;ikapDk; rpwe;j nry;tk; Ntwpy;iy vd;fpwhh;. ngz;zplk; cs;s cWjpg;ghL> fw;G vd;gij ‘fztd; nrhy; kPwhik’ vd;fpd;wJ nfhd;iw Nte;jd;. ,jid

“fw;ngdg;gLtJ nrhy; jpwk;ghdk;” (nfh.Nt) vd;w mb Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.


TdLm 35

fw;gpd; ngUik khrpy; fw;G> Ky;iy rhd;w fhw;G> flTl;fw;G> efulq;fpa fw;G> epiy,a fw;G> mlq;fpa fw;G> cth; ePq;F fw;G> kWtpy; fw;G> mUe;jjp mida fw;G Nghd;w rq;f ,yf;fpa gy njhlh;fs; fw;gpd; ngUikia vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. %tif fw;G

1. Kjw;fw;G - ,d;Daph; fhjy; 2. ,ilf;fw;G – cld;fl;il VWjy; (m) jPg;gha;jy 3. filf;fw;G – Nehw;Wlk;gLjy;

• fztd; ,we;jTld; kidtp caph;tpLtJ Kjw;fw;G vdg;gl;lJ. ,jid ,d;Daph; <jy; vd;wdh;.

• fztd; ,we;jTld; mtUf;fhf mOJ Gyk;g mtiu vhpf;Fk;NghJ jhDk; mjpy; tpOe;J caph;tpLtJ ,ilf;fw;G vdg;gl;lJ. ,jid edp%nahpGFjy; vd;wdh;. fztiu vhpf;Fk;NghJ rpijapNyh my;yJ jdpahfr; rpij%l;bNah mjpy; gha;e;J caph;tpLjy; ,jid cld;fl;il VWjy; my;yJ jPh;g;gha;jy; vd;wdh;.

• fztd; ,we;j gpd;dh; jhd; ,wf;fhky; jd; Foe;ijfisg; NgDk; nghUl;Lk; my;yJ jd; caphpd; kPJ tpUg;gk; fUjpAk; jd; tho;ehs; KOtJk; ifk;ik Nehd;G ,Ug;gJ filf;fw;G vdg;gl;lJ. ,jid Nehw;Wlk; gLjy; vd;wdh;.

mfehE}w;wpy; fw;G jiytd; guj;ijnahL nrd;W ePuhbtpl;L kPz;Lk; ,y;yk; jpUk;gpj; jiytpiag; ghuhl;Lfpwhd;. Mofpa Kiyaplj;Jj; Njhd;wpa NjkiyAk; khrw;w fw;gpidAk; cilatd; vd;W $Wtjid mfehD}w;Wg; ghly;> “… . GdNy ,d;W te;J Mf td Kiy mUk;gpa Rzq;fpd; khR ,y; fw;gpd;….” (mfk;.6) jiytd; tpid Kbe;J kPz;L tUk;NghJ Njh;ghfdplk; jiytpapd; fw;gpid vk;ikf;fhl;bYk; vk; neQ;R ehndhL nrwpe;j fw;gpidAk; xsp nghUe;jpa new;wpapidAk; mofpa ,dpa nrhy;ypidAk; ,sikiaAk; cilatis ghh;g;gjw;F tpiue;J Njhpid nrYj;J vd;W $wpajid> “ehndhL kpile;j fw;gpd;> ths; Ejy; mk;jPk; fpstpf; FWkfs; nkd; Njhs; ngw eir,r; nrd;w vd; neQ;rNk” (mfk; - 9) vd;w mbfs; czh;j;Jfpd;wd. “mzq;F mUq; flTs; md;Ndhs; epd; Kfd; jha; Mjy; GiutJ……” (mfk; - 16) jiytd; nra;j fsTf; Fw;wj;ij (fz;L nfhz;lhh; Kd;) cld;gl;L epw;ghiug; Nghy ehzp Kfq;ftpo;e;J epyj;ijf; fPwp epd;whs;. mtSila nja;tkhfpa mUe;jjpf;Fk; xg;ghFk; mtSila fw;G vd;gij Nkw;fz;l mbfs; %yk; mwpayhfpwJ. ,uTf; Fwpapd; fz; fsnthOf;fj;jpy; jiytpAld; ,d;gk; Ja;j;J kPz;Lk; ,y;yk; GFfpd;w jiytpapd; Fzg;gz;GfSs; xd;whd fw;gpidf; fz;L jiytd; jd;Ds; kfpo;e;J $wpajid> JQ;R Ch; ahkj;J Kaq;fpis ngah;Nths; Md;w fw;gpd; rhd;w nghpad;. (mfk; - 198)

vd;gjdhy; jiytd; xUtd; jd;NdhL kaq;fpf; fye;j jiytpapd; fw;gpd; rpwg;ig vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. jiytpd; Ch; mike;j ,lj;jpidf; Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ Fsph;r;rp nghUe;jpa kzq;fkOk; fhl;bd; fz;Nz nky;ypa ,ay;gpidAk; eWkzk; cila Ky;iy kyh;fisr; RLjw;F mike;j fw;gpidAk; cila FWkfshk; ek; jiytpapd; thoptplkhd ,dpa Ch; vd;gjid>


TdLm 36

“Ky;iy rhd;w fw;gpd; nky;,aw; FWkfs; ciwT,d; CNu” (mfk;.274) Nkw;fz;l ghlypy; jiytpapd; fw;gpd; ntw;wpia ngUikAld; ,ilf;fhldhh; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whh;. flTl; fw;G fw;Gil kfsph; nga;nad;W nrhd;dhy; kio nga;Akhjypd; mtuJ fw;G nja;tj;jd;ikAila fw;G vdg;gl;lJ. jiytp jiytd; gphpthy; cz;lhd tUj;jj;ijg; gpwh; mwpah tz;zk; jd; fw;gpdhy; Mw;wpapUe;j jd;ikia> flTl; fw;nghL Fbf;F tpsf;F Mfpa Gjy;tw; ……………………. (mfk; 184) vDk; thp Gyg;gLfpwJ. jpUefh; mlq;fpa khR,y; fw;gpd; (mfk; 114) mDFjw;fhpa fhty; kpFe;j gifth;f;F mr;rj;jpidj; jUk; KJikahd ChpYs;s nry;t kpf;f khspifaplj;J tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; mlq;fpa Fw;wkw;w fw;gpid cila jiytpiaj; jiytd; fhz Ntz;Lk; vd;gij Nkw;fz;l mfehD}w;Wg; ghly; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ kidkhz; fw;gpd; thDjy; xopa (mfk; 33) vd;w mfehD}w;W ghly; nghUs; <l;Lk; njhopy;> mwk; Kjypad gae;J ed;ikahjiy kpFjpahf vLj;Jf;$wp khl;rpikg;gl;;l fw;gpidAilatSk; xspnghUe;jpa new;wpiaAilatSkhd vk; jiytp gphpe;J nrd;NwNd vd;W fw;gpd; ngUikia Nkw;fz;l ghly; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. kUj epyj;jpd; guzh; ghly; xd;wpy; Mlth;f;Fk; fw;G xOf;fk; Ngrg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,q;F fw;G tPuk; vd;w nghUspy; ifahsg;gLk;epiy> njhLj;Njd; …………… nghyk;g+z; ed;ds; …. fbe;njd ,fy;mL fw;gpd; kpQpypnahL jhq;fp (mfk; 396) ed;dDf;Fk; kpQpyp vd;Dk; jiytDf;Fk; ,ilNa eilngw;w Nghhpy; ed;dd; ,we;J tpLfpwhd;. kpQpypapd; “tPuk; ,fy;mL fw;G” vd Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. fw;ig mUe;jjpAld; xg;gpLjy; fw;gpw;F rhd;whf mUe;jjpiaf; $Wk; tof;fk; ,d;wsTk; cz;L. fw;Gf;flk; g+z;l ngz;fSf;Fr; rhd;Wfshfg; gyiuj; jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sd. mth;fspy; mUe;jjp kpfj; jiyikahd fw;Gf;furpahfj; jpfo;fpd;whs;. mUe;jjp tpz;kPdhf thdj;jpy; Njhd;Wfpwhs; vd;w fUj;J jkpo; kf;fspilNa fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. newp jtwpa jiytd; xUtDf;F jiytp> “thdj;J mdq;F mUq;flTs; ms;Nshw;wpd; kfd; jha; Mjy; GiutJ Mq;F vdNt” (mfk; 16) vd;W $Wfpwhs;. ,jpy; jiytp jd;idNa mUe;jjpf;F ,izahfg; Ngrpj; jd; jiytdpd; jtw;iw ,bj;Jiuf;fpd;whs;. ,g;ghly; mUe;jjp flTs; epiyf;F cah;j;jg;gl;bUg;gJk;> ngz;ikf;Fk; fw;G xOf;fj;jpw;Fk; nfhLf;fg;gl;l cah;e;j ,lj;ijAk; fhl;LfpwJ. KbTiu mfehD}w;wpy; jiytd; jiytp ,y;yw tho;f;if Ngrg;gLfpd;wd. jpUkzk; Ghpe;Jnfhs;Sk; jiytDk; jiytpAk; xOf;f newpNahL tho Ntz;Lk; vd Kd;Ndhh;fshy; fw;gpf;fg; ngw;wNj fw;G mjd;gb rq;f fhyj;J ngz;fs; tho;e;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. • rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; xd;whd mfehD}w;W ngz;fSf;Fhpa fw;G xOf;fj;ijg; gw;wp kpFjpahf

Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. • jiytpapd; fw;G nja;tj; jd;ikAilaJ vd;gJ Gyg;gLfpwJ. • jiytdpd; tUj;jjpy; jiytpapd; fw;G ntspg;gLk; tpjk; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.


TdLm 37

ngupaGuhzk; fhl;Lk; tWikAYk; tOthik

k.mdpjh cjtpg; Nguhrpupia (jkpo;j;Jiw)> gr;rKj;J fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; kfspH fy;Y}up> jUkGup

Kjy; ciu cyfpy; vz;zpylq;fhj gy nkhopfs; cs;sd. mk;nkhopfspy; rpy nkhopfs; tpahghunkhop> jj;Jtnkhop> ,irnkhop> vd gy ;NtWngaH ngw;W tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. mt;thwpUf;f ekJ jha; nkhopahk; jkpo;nkhopf;F kl;Lk; gf;jpnkhop vd;w rpwg;Gz;L. ,j;jifa rpwg;Gila gf;jp nkhopapy; gy;NtW gf;jp ,yf;fpaq;fis ekJ Kd;NdhHfs; tpl;Lr; nrd;Ws;sdH. me;j gf;jp kdpjid xOf;fkhf tho itf;Fk;> MfNt jhd; gf;jpNahL mwptpaiyAk; NrHj;J itj;J ekf;F gy cz;ikfis Gupaitj;jdH. mwk; tpsf;fk; jPaitfis ePf;fp ey;y nray;fis GupjNy mwkhFk;. mwj;ij ,y;ywk;> Jwtwk;> vd tifg; gLj;jpAs;sdH. ngha; Ngrhik> jpUlhik> gpwd;kid Nehf;fhik> gpwHkdk; Jd;gg;gLk; gbNgrhjpUj;jy;> grpNahL ,Ug;gtHfSf;F cztspj;jy; Nghupy; NeHikahf ntw;wp ngWtJ Nghd;w nray;fisAk; mwk; vd;Nw $wyhk;. ,t;tifapy; re;jhdFutHfspy; xUtuhfpa nfhw;wtd; Fb ckhgjp rpthr;rhupahH Nrf;fpohH mtHfs; ehad;khHfs; gw;wpa tuyhw;wpid ngupaGuhzk; top njuptpj;Js;shH. ngupaGuhzk; nraw;fupanray;fisnra;ahJtPNzRw;wpj;jpupgtHrpwpaH. nraw;fupa nray;fis nra;J ngUik ngWgtNu ngupaH. mg;gbg;gl;l caHe;j xOf;f mwq;fisg;gw;wp $WtNj kpf caHe;j gz;ghFk;. Mdhy; mt;thW caHe;j xOf;fj;NjhLk; mwj;NjhLk;> tha;ikNahLk; tho;e;Jfhl;LtJ nraw;fupa gz;ghFk;. ehad;khHfspy; gyngupNahHfs; jq;fspd; tho;T eyptile;jNghJk; jhq;fs; gpd;gw;wpa mwq;fisNa Nghw;wp tho;e;Js;sdH. mj;jifa ngupNahHfspd; tho;tpaiy rpj;jupj;Jf; $Wk; ,ay;Ng Nrf;fpohH nra;j kpfg;ngupa mwkhFk;. Vnddpy; jd; E}ypy; Fwpg;gpl;l ngupNahHfs; tho;e;j ,lq;fSf;F Neupy; nrd;WmtHfSld; tho;e;j ngupNahHfspd; nrhw;fs;> cwtpdHfspd; nkhopfs; kw;Wk; fy;ntl;Lfs; Nghd;w Mjhuq;fisf; nfhz;Nl ngupaGuhzk; ,aw;wpdhH Nrf;fpohH. MjdhNyNa ngupaGuhzj;jpw;F“ cz;ikj; jkpo; fhg;gpak; “vd;wrpwg;Gz;L. mwpQHfspd; $w;W mwk; nratpUk;G (Mj;jpr;#b) “kdj;Jf;fz; khrpyd; Mjy; midj;jwd; MFy ePH gpw“ (jpUf;Fws; - 34) caHe;j fUj;JJf;fis cila rhd;NwhHfs; mwj;ij vd;Wk; kwf;fkhl;lhHfs;. fw;wwpe;j rhd;NwhHfSf;F mwr;nray;fis GuptNj Xu kd epk;kjp> tzf;fk;> ed;wp Nghd;w nrhw;fis Kf kyHe;J nrhy;tJk; mwNkvd mwpQHfs; $wpAs;sdH. tWikapYk; cztspj;jmwk; khwd; vd;wngaUilahH> ,isahd;Fbvd;wkugpy; Njhd;wpajhy; ,isahd; Fbkhwd; vd miof;fg;gl;lhH. ,tH rptdbahHfSf;F Njitahd czit mspj;j gpd;dNu jhd; cz;Zk; gof;fj;ij Nkw;nfhz;lhH. nry;tk; kpFe;jpUe;j fhyj;jpy; ,e;jnray;fs; nra;tjd;wpAk;


TdLm 38

nka;apdhy; Jd;gk; tpistpf;Fk;> tWikte;j fhyj;jpYk; mtUila gz;ig khw;wpf;nfhs;stpy;iy. nry;tk; RUq;fpaNghJk; kdk; RUq;fhJfld; Nkypl;Lk; ftiyAwhJmd;GNkyPl;lhy; mbahUf;Fmspf;Fk; tpUe;ijepWj;jhky; njhlHe;jhHmt;thwpUf;ifapy;> “ngw;wk; CHtJk; ,d;wpePba Ngijahs; cld; ,d;wp XH ey;jtj;jtHNtlNknfhL Qhyk; ca;e;jplEz;zpdhH“ (ng - G: 448) kiof;fhyj;jpy; xUehs; cz;gjw;F cztpy;yhky; grp mtiu tUj;j mij mlf;f Kbahky; jtpj;j ehadhH tpUe;jpdiu vjpH nfhz;lhH tPl;by; czNt ,y;iy. Vd; czT jahupg;gjHfhd xU nghUs ;$l tPl;by; ,y;iy> Mdhy; rptdbahuhf te;j tiu cgrupj;J cztspj;jhHek; khwdhH vt;thW ?. tpUe;jpdiu ghHj;jgpd; jd; kidtpia Nehf;f mtH $wpa Nahridg;gbtpijj;j ney;iythup te;J kidtpaplk; nfhLj;jhH> rikf;ftpwfpy;yhky; NghfNtjd; tPl;by; eLNt el;bUe;j xU kuj;J}iz mfw;wp mLg;gpy; itj;Jrikj;jhH> md;dk; jahuhdJ mjw;fhd fwpjhahuhf tpy;iy>khwehadhH kPz;Lk; fodpf;F nrd;WfPiu gwpj;J te;J nfhLf;f> mij rikj;J eLeprpapy;> kioNtisapy; rptdbahuhf te;j vk;ngUkhDf;Nf cztspj;jdH> ,jdhy; kdKte;jrptngUkhd;. md;gNdmd;gHg+ir mspj;JePmzq;fpNdhLk; vd;ngUk; cyfk; va;jp ,Uepjpf; fpotd; jhNd Kg;nghWepjpak; Ve;jp nkhoptopVty; Nfl;g ,d;gk; MHe;J ,Uf;fvd;Nw mUs; nra;jhd; ahtHf;Fk; kpf;fhd;. vd;fpwhH. Mf> rptngUkhNd rptdbahuhf te;J ,isahd; Fbkhw ehadhupd; tpUe;Njhk;giy mtUila tWik epiyapYk; ,d;Gw;W Vw;Wf;nfhz;L tho;j;jp mUs; Gupe;jtH. tWikapYk; Mil mspj;jmwk; fhk;gPyp efuj;jpNy rhypaH Fyj;jpw;F jiytuhf NerehadhH ,Ue;jhH mtH jk; Kilakdj;jpd; nra;ifiag; gukrptDila jpUtbf;F Mf;fp> thf;fpd; nra;ifia gQ;rhl;ruj;jpw;F Mf;fp> ifapd; nra;ifia rptdbahHfSf;F t];jpuKk;> NfhtzKk; nea;Jjk;kplj;jpy; tUk; rptdbahHfSf;F ,ilawhJ nfhLj;J ehs;NjhWk; mtHfis tzq;fpte;jhH. rhypaHNfhf; fhk;gPypj; jiytHNkd;ik jhthjGfo; NerHjd;Nrhnyd;Wq; Nfhupahite; njOe;Njhjpr; rpe;ijAd;dpf; nfhz;lnghUvd;gHnfhsf; nfhLj;Jtho;thH rPykpFe; jpUnjhz;lHf; FilAq; fPSe; jpUe;jpanthd; NfhtzKQ; NrutPe;J ghyidanthspePw;whd; ghjNkj;jpg; guNyhfKOjhz;lghd;ikahNu. Mf jd;dplk; te;j rptdbahHfSf;F Mil toq;Ftij kpf Kf;fpa nrayhf nfhz;ltH NerehadhH. ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; ,t;thW Milfis toq;FtJ mupjhd nrayhfpwJ vd;Nw $wyhk;. Mdhy; NerehadhUf;Nfh Mil nea;Ak; njhopiytplTk; jd;dplk; tUgtUf;FMilfisnea;JjUtjpy; kl;lw;wkfpo;r;rpaile;jtH.


TdLm 39

tWikYk; Fq;FypaJgkpl;lmwk; ml;ltPul;lhdq;fspy; xd;whfjpfOk; jpUf;flt+H $w;Wtidf; fhyhy; cijj;jjpUj;jyk; fyaH vd;Dk; jpUg;ngaUilatH. ,e;j jpUj;jyj;jpy; tho;e;jtH mt;t+upy; cs;smkpHjfNlrUf;FeWkzk; fkOk; Fq;Fypa J}gkhdJ mt;tpiwtDf;Nfad;wp Myak; KOtJk; #o;e;Jepd;Wkdk; gug;gplfyaj;jpy; Fq;Fypak; ,Lk;gzpapy; jiyg;gl;Lepd;whH. “fq;ifePHfypf;Fk; nrd;dpf; fz;Zjy; vk;gpuhw;Fg; nghq;FFq;Fypae; J}gk; nghypTcwg; Nghw;wpr; nry;y mq;FmtHmUspdhNy tWikte;Jmile;jgpd;Dk; jq;fs; ehafHf;Fj; jhk;Kd; nra;gzpjthikca;j;jhH“ (ng. G: 842) tWikte;Jw;wNghJk; jd; nraypy; FiwTwhJ ,iwtDf;Fmizj;Jgf;fj;jpYk; kzk; tPRk;gbFq;Fypag; gzpiarpwg;ghfnra;Jte;jhH. jd; nraypy; FiwTwhJ eilngw Ntz;b ey;y tsk; nghUe;jpa epyq;fisnay;yhk; tpw;Wk; jk;ik ehbte;Jw;w mbikahl;fis gpwUf;Ftpw;Wk; jd;dplkpUe;j gy;NtW jdq;fisnay;yhk; jpUnjhz;bw;fhf gad;gLj;jpdhH. ,tUila ,e;jr;nrayhy; Rw;wj;jhUk; kf;fSk; grpahy; cztpd;wptUe;jpdhHfs;. “,e;newpxOFk; ehspy; ,yk;ghLePLnry;y ey;epyk; Kw;Wk; tpw;Wk; ehbambiktpw;Wk; gy;neLe; jdq;fs; ghsg; gapy;kidtho;f;ifjd;dpy; kd;dpaRw;wj;NjhL kf;fSk; tUe;jpdhHfs; (ng. G: 843) ,e;jtWikahy; jd; fztDila gzp epiwTwhJ epd;WtpLk; vd epidj;Jjhd; kl;Lky;yhJ ngz;fs; midtUk; Gdpjkhf epidf;Fk; khq;fy;aj;ij fow;wpjd; fztdplk; nfhLj;J jpUg;gzpia ,iltplhJ nra;aJizapUe;jhH. vd;Nd mtuJ ,y;ywnewp! gf;jpnewp!! epiwTiu ek; Kd;NdhHfspy; gyHtWikAld; tho;e;Js;sdH. tWikAld; tho;tJ ngupjy;y me;j tWikia nghUl;gLj;jhky; jdJ nfhs;ifia epiwNtw;WjNy rpwg;ghdgz;ghFk;. jkae;jpf;F tWik te;J thl;ba NghJk; ahUila cjtpAk; ehlhky; jdJ fztiu fhg;ghw;wpdhH. `upr;re;jpud; jdJkfd; ,we;jjUthapYk; Ngha;Ngrhky; tha;ikiaepiyehl;bdhH. Mf gf;jpvd;gNjxUmwr;nrahyhFk;. Vnddpy; ,iwtid tzq;Fk; jUzj;jpo; kdjpy; NtWjPa rpe;jidfs; Njhd;Wtjpy;iy. MifahNyNa kdepk;kjpia Njbek; kf;fs; Myaq;fSf;F nry;fpd;wdH. ,f;fl;Liu %yk; ehd; cq;fSf;Fnrhy;Yk; nra;jp kdepk;kjpf;fhfMyak; njhOtJ kl;Lky;yhky; ek;khy; Kbe;j rpWrpW cjtpfis nra;J tho;Nthk;. mJNt rpwe;j mwKkhFk;.


TdLm 40

jkpohpd; Fynja;t topghl;L Kiwfs;

K.n[a;Fkhh;

KONeu Kidth; gl;l Ma;thsh; jkpo;j;Jiw> muR fiyf;fy;Y}hp> jUkGhp

mwpKfk; ek; Kd;Ndhhpd; kuG topapy; te;j cwtpdh;fshy; mike;j mikg;Ng FykhFk;. ,j;jifa Fyj;jpd; nja;tk; Fynja;tkhFk;. FOf;fspd; nja;t topghl;L KiwfSs; Kf;fpakhdJ Fynja;t topghNlahFk;. ,f;Fynja;t topghlhdJ Fyf;Fwp topghl;bd; vr;rkhfTk;> Kd;Ndhh; topghl;bd; mbg;gilahfTk; ,t;tha;T mikfpd;wJ. Fy nja;t topghl;bd; njhlf;fk; Mjpfhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa Fyf;Fwp topghlhdJ md;iwa r%fr; R+oy; mbg;gilapy; nra;Ak; njhopy; hPjpahf FO mikg;igf; nfhz;bUe;jd. Mdhy; gpw;fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpaNj Fynja;t topghlhdJ ,d;iwa r%fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; rhjphPjpahd FO mikg;igAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. tphpe;J gue;j jkpofj;jpy; rhjpag; gz;ghL gythwhd ghpkhzq;fisg; gz;ghl;bd; vy;yhj; jsq;fspYk; CLUtp cs;sd. rkak; vd;Dk; jsj;jpy; mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf topghl;Lf; FO vd;Dk; jsj;jpy; rhjp gz;ghl;bd; gpujpgypg;Gfs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mikg;ghf ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. xt;nthU kdpjDk; jdpg;gl;l tho;f;ifKiwfspy; rhjp FOtpw;F fl;Lg;ghlhtpbDk; rka mbg;gilapy; epr;rak; fl;Lg;gl;Nl tpLfpwhd;. ,jdhy; rhjp mbg;gilapNyNa Fynja;t topghl;Lf;FOf;fs; mikfpd;wd. Kd;Ndhh; topghL nja;tq;fisg; Nghd;W jk;Kd;Ndhh;fSf;Fk; jk;kplk; cilik gz;G ,Ug;gjhff; fUjpa Mjp Fbkf;fs;> mth;fSf;F topghl;L mq;fpfhuk; nfhLj;jdh;. jk; rf;jpf;F mg;ghw;gl;l gpw Mw;wy;fis ek;gpaJ NghyNt jk; Kd;Ndhh;fisAk; ek;gpdh;. xUth; nra;j ey;y nray;fs; mth; ,we;j gpd;Gk; mtUila cwtpdh;fSld; njhlh;G ngWfpd;wd vd;w ek;gpf;ifNa Kd;Ndhh; topghl;bw;F mbg;gilahFk;. Fynja;t topghl;by; jq;fs; Kd;Ndhh; my;yJ ngw;Nwhh; Fwpg;gpl;l rpy fhuzq;fSf;fhf xU nja;tj;ij tzq;fp te;jdh;. jk; ngw;Nwhh; tzq;fpa nja;tk; vd;w xNu fhuzj;jpw;fhfj; jhq;fSk; mj;nja;tj;ij topgl njhlq;fpdh;. jq;fs; Kd;NdhUf;F ed;ik nra;J mth;fisf; fhj;J te;j nja;tk; jq;fSf;Fk; ed;ik nra;Ak; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapNy ,t;topghL mikfpd;wJ. Nfhapy;fspd; mikg;G Kiw Fynja;tq;fSf;fhd topghl;Lj; jyq;fs; ngUe;nja;tf; Nfhapy; mikg;gpy; Kw;wpYk; NtWgl;l epiyapy; mike;Js;sd. rq;f fhyj;jpy; Nfhapy;fs; epakk;> Nfhl;lk;> gs;sp vd;W gy;NtW tifapy; miof;fg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; mf;Nfhapy;fs; mopaj;jf;f nghUl;fshNyNa Mf;fg;gl;ld. ,k;kf;fs; fUq;fw;fshy; fl;lg;gLtijj; jParFzkhff; fUjpdh;. ,Nj gof;f tof;fj;ijAk;> ek;gpf;ifiaAk; Fynja;t topghl;Lf; Nfhapy;fspd; mikg;GKiwfspy; fhzKbfpwJ. ngUk;ghyhd Fynja;tf; Nfhapy;fs; ePh;epiyfSf;F mUfpy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Fsj;jpd; mUfpNyh> fpzw;wpd; mUfpNyh my;yJ ePHtsj;Jld; nropg;ghffg; gRikAld; fhzg;gLk; kh> njd;id Nghd;w kuq;fs; epiwe;j Njhg;gpd; eLNt jhd; Fynja;tq;fSf;Ff; Nfhapy;fs; mike;Js;sd. jkpoh; gz;ghl;L tuyhw;wpy; kuk; mgptpUj;jpf; FwpaPlhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. vdNt ngUk;ghyhd Fynja;tq;fSf;F kuj;jpd; mbapy; Nfhapy; mike;js;sd. ,e;j kuq;fSf;Fk;


TdLm 41

rf;jp ,Ug;gjhf ek;Gk; kf;fs; nja;tq;fSf;Ff; nfhLf;Fk; mNj Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij kuq;fSf;Fk; nfhLf;fpd;wdh;. Fynja;t topghl;by; Fynja;tj;Jld; jy tpUl;rKk; topglg;gLk; Nghf;iff; fhzKbfpwJ. Foe;ijtuk; Ntz;LNthh; Fynja;tf; Nfhapy;fspy; cs;s kuq;fspy; njhl;by; fl;Lfpd;wdh;. topghl;L Kiwfs; ,e;jpahtpd; rka kugpidg; ghh;f;Fk;NghJ ,e;J rkak; gynja;t topghl;L rkakhfNt fhzg;gLfpwJ. xU nja;tj;ij KOKjw; flTs; vd;W gpufldg;gLj;jhJ gynja;tq;fisf; nfhz;L mike;Js;sJ. ,j;jifa rkak; kw;Wk; topghl;L kugpidf; nfhz;l ,e;J rkaj;jpy; xU $whd Fynja;t topghl;by; xU Fwpg;gpl;l r%fk; my;yJ rhjpapd; FOjhd; rka eltbf;iffis eph;tfpf;fpwJ. vdNt ,f;FOtpdhpd; r%f nghUshjhu epiyfs; nrhe;j tpUg;G ntWg;Gfs; Mfpatw;wpw;Nfw;g topghl;L KiwfSk; nghJikg;gLj;j ,ayhjepiyapy; mike;Js;sd. Fynja;t tpohf;fs; ek;gpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; kf;fs; tpUk;gp Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhLk; epfo;r;rpNa tpoh vdg; Nghw;wg;gLfpwJ. ,ijr; nra;jhy; ed;ik fpilf;Fk; ,ijr; nra;ahtpbd; jPik tpisAk; vd;w kuGtop te;j ek;gpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapYk; jkJ Kd;Ndhh;fs; filg;gpbj;J te;j rlq;F kuGfis kPwf;$lhJ vd;w vz;zj;jpd; mbg;gilapYk; mike;j gy;NtW rlq;F epfo;Tfisf; nfhz;Lk; Fynja;tf;Nfhapy; tpohf;fs; eilngWfpd;wd. ,t;tpohf;fspy; epfo;j;Jk; gy;NtW epfo;r;rpfs; ngz; nja;tj;jpw;F xU tifapYk;> Mz; nja;tj;jpw;F NtnwhU tifapy; elj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ngz; nja;tq;fSf;F tpoh eilngWk;NghJ mit fiy rk;ge;jg;gl;l tpohthfTk;>nropg;Gf; FwpaPLfshfTk; mikfpd;wd. fufk; vLj;jy;> Kisg;ghypif vLj;jy;> kJr;rlq;F> G+f;Fop ,wq;Fjy; Nghd;w epfo;TfSk; Mz; nja;tq;fs; Ntl;ilf;Fr; nry;Yjy; (Rliykhld;) fUf;iff; nfhil rhkpahl;lk;> gypapLjy; Nghd;w epfo;TfSk; eilngWfpd;wd. topghl;by; gypapLtJ vd;gjid kdpjdJ ghtq;fisg; gwitfSf;Fk;> tpyq;FfSf;Fk; khw;wyhk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapy; gypapLk; Kiw my;yJ khw;wpaikf;Fk; Kiwapy; gd;wp> ML> Nrty; Nghd;wit Fynja;t tpohf;fspy; gypaplg;gLfpd;wd.

Fynja;tj;jpd; kPJs;s ek;gpf;iffs; ek;gpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; kdpjdpd; cs;kdNk fhuzkhf mikfpd;wd. %isf;F mf kdkhdJ fhuz fhhpaq;fSf;F mg;ghw;gl;l vz;zq;fis czh;j;JfpwJ. %isapy; gjpAk; mt;ntz;zq;fs; cz;ikahfp cWjpg;gLk; NghJ ek;gpf;ifahfpwJ. mr;rj;jpd; fhuzkhfj; Njhd;wpa nja;t topghlhdJ ek;gpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; tsh;e;Js;sJ. Fy nja;tq;fs; kPJ mjpf ek;gpf;ifAs;sth;fs; jq;fs; tho;tpw;Fk; vjph;fhy Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fk; fhuzkhf mikAk; Fynja;tq;fisr; rpwg;gpf;f jq;fs; Foe;ijfSf;Ff; Fynja;tg; ngah;fis itf;fpd;wdh;. Fynja;tg; ngaNuhL ,Uf;Fk; Foe;ijaplk; jParf;jp mZfhJ vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdh;. fhJ Fj;jy;> nkhl;ilabj;jy;> jpUkzk; Nghd;w kq;fy epfo;r;rpfisf; Fynja;tj;jpd; Kd;dpiyapNyNa elj;jg;gLfpd;wd. jpUkz miog;gpjypy; $l Fynja;tj;jpd; ngaiug; Nghl;L ,e;jj; nja;tj;jpd; Jiz vd;Nw mr;rpLfpd;wdh;. KbT xU Fyj;jpdh; my;yJ xU r%fj;jpdh; tzq;Fk; Fy nja;tq;fs; itjPf newp Rl;Lk; ngUe;nja;tq;fNshL njhlh;G nfhs;shjitahFk;. kf;fs; ngUe;nja;tq;fis topgl;lhYk; $l rpWnja;tq;fshd jq;fsJ Fynja;tq;fSf;Nf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; jUfpd;wdh;. kf;fspd;tho;f;ifKiw my;yJ cwTKiw Mfpatw;wpw;Nfw;g Fynja;tq;fs; miktjpdhy; Fynja;tq;fisf;nfhz ;L kf;fspd; cwTKiwfis mwpe;Jnfhs;s KbfpwJ. ,f;Fy nja;t topghl;Lf; FOf;fspd; xw;WikiaAk;> kf;fspd; gz;ghl;ilAk; ,iw ek;gpf;ifiaAk; fhl;Ltjhf mikfpd;wd.


TdLm 42

rh.fe;jrhkp ehty;fspy; cwTfs;

K.N[hjp

KONeu Kidth; gl;l Ma;thsh;> jkpo;j;Jiw> muR fiyf;fy;Y}hp> jUkGhp

Kd;Diu cs;sq;fisAk; ghrq;fisAk; ,izf;Fk; ghyk; cwTfs; kl;LNk. mjpy; FLk;gk;> fhjy;> el;G> gphpT> ghrk; midj;ijAk; Fwpf;Fk; xNu nrhy; cwTfs;. xd;wd;gpd; xd;wd; njhlh;r;rpahf njhlh;tz;b Nghd;W mikag;ngWtJ cwTfs;jhd;. ek; Kd;Ndhh;fs; cynfq;fpYk; nrhe;j ge;jq;fis cwTfs; vd;w xNu thh;j;ijapy; mlf;fpdh;. me;j tifapy; rh.fe;jrhkp ehty;fspy; fhzg;gLk; cwTKiwfis gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;. cwTfs; FLk;gk;jhd; kdpj cwTfspd; Muk;gk;. FLk;gj;jpd; thapyhfNt cwTfs; njhlh;fpd;wd. fztd;-kidtpapilNa Vw;gLk; cwT fhuzkhf gps;is vd;w cwT Muk;gkhfpwJ. gps;isfspilNa mz;zd;> jk;gp> mf;fh> jq;if vd tsh;fpwJ. FLk;gj;ij jhz;b r%fj;jpw;F tUk;NghJ gy;NtW cwTfs; njhlh;fpd;wd. FLk;gk; vd;gNj cwTfshy; gpizf;fg;gl;lJ. cwTfs; Njhd;Wk; ,lkhfTk; FLk;gk; mikfpwJ. fztd;-kidtp cwT> mf;fh-jq;if cwT> mz;zd; - jk;gp cwT> jhj;jh-ghl;b cwT> je;ijAld; gpwe;j cwTfs;> jhAld; gpwe;j cwTfs; vd cwTfs; njhlhpizg;Gfshf cs;sd. mjw;fLj;j epiyapy; cwTfs; Njhd;Wk; ,lkhf gs;sp mikfpwJ. ghy;a cwTfs; rpWtajpy; Vw;gLk; el;GwTfNs gRkuj;jzpg;Nghy vd;Wk; epidtpypUe;J ePq;fh ,lk;ngWfpd;wd. gs;spfspYk;> tPl;bd; mf;fk;> gf;fk; ,Uf;Fk; rpWgps;isfNshL Vw;gLk; cwTfis ehty;fspy; gutyhf fhzg;gLfpd;wd. xt;nthU ehtypYk; jd;Dila ghy;a cwTfis glk;gpbj;Jf;fhl;bAs;shh; ehtyhrphpah;. cwTfspy; tphpry; FLk;gj;jpy; fztd;-kidtpapilNa Ghpe;Jnfhs;Sjy;> xw;Wik ,y;yhjjpd; fhuzkhf tphpry; Vw;gLfpwJ. njhiye;J Nghdth;fs; ehtypy; NtZNfhghy; jpUkzkhfp nrd;idapy; trpj;;J tUfpwhd;. NtZNfhghYld; gs;spg;gUtj;jpy; gofpa rq;fuDk; mNj Chpy; Ntiy ghh;f;fpd;whd;. xNu Ciu rhh;e;J gofpa ez;gh;fs; vd;gjhy; tpLKiw ehl;fspy; jd; ez;gid ghh;f;f nry;fpwhd;. ,e;j epiyapy;> “ thuh thuhk; vJf;F mtd; ,q;Nf th;whd;?” cq;f rpNdfpjh;> cq;fs ghh;f;f th;whh;. vd; rpNefpjd; vd;idg; ghh;f;f th;wJ khjphp ,y;iyNa! gpd;d?” cd;djhd;> mtdf; fz;lJk; ePjhd; gy;y ,spr;rpfpl;L Kd;dhNy te;J epf;fwpNa” 1 – (njhiye;JNghdth;fs;> g.85) vd;W $wp ikjpypia mbf;fpwhd;. ,jid tPl;bd; ntspNa ,Ue;J Nfl;l rq;fud; mjpypUe;J mtd; tPl;bw;F NghtijNa epWj;jptpLfpwhd;. jd; ghy;a tajpy; gofpa me;j el;G tsh;e;j gpwF fztdpd; jtwhd fz;Nzhl;lj;jhy; FLk;g cwTfspy; tphpry;fs; Vw;gLj;Jtij njhiye;J Nghdth;fs; vd;w ehtypy; ntspg;gLj;jp fhl;bAs;shh;.


TdLm 43

FLk;gj;jpy; tWik FLk;gj;jpy; jha;> je;ij ,UtUNk topelj;jp nrd;why;jhd; rpwg;ghf mikAk;. mjpy; ahiu ,oe;jhYk; FLk;gj;jpy; tWik Vw;gLk;. R+hpa tk;rk; vd;w ehtypy; nry;iyah jd; je;ijia ,oe;jjhy; jd; FLk;gj;jpy; tWik Vw;gLtjhy; jhapd; fz;bg;ghy; gs;spia tpl;L epWj;jp Ntiyf;F Nghfr; nrhy;fpwhs;. “ gbj;jnjy;yhk; ,d;dk NghJk;. ehisf;F filf;Fg; Ngh! filf;Fg; Ngh! filf;Fg; Nghfhkh mq;f ,q;f Xbl;Nld;dh fhy Kwpr;rpLNtd; Kwpr;rp. Qhgj;Jy tr;rpf;f” 2 - (R+hpa tk;rk;> g.28) vd jha; fz;bf;fpwhs;. jd; je;ijia ,oe;jjhy; jd;FLk;g tWik fhuzkhf gs;spg;gbg;ig ,of;f NehpLtijAk; Foe;ij njhopyhsh; epiyf;F js;sg;gLtijAk; ehtyhrphpah; ntspg;gLj;jp fhl;bAs;shh;. Kjyhsp - njhopyhsp cwT R+hpa tk;rk; vd;w ehtypy; nry;iyah jd; mf;fhtpd; jpUkzj;jpw;fhf nrhe;j tPl;il tpw;Wtpl;L mjpy; te;j gzk; Nghjhj fhuzj;jpdhy; Mq;fhq;Nf fld; Nfl;fpwhh;fs;. Nfl;l ,lj;jpYk; fpilf;fhj fhuzj;jpdhy; jd; Kjyhspaplk; Nfl;fpwhd;. mth; Ie;E}W &gha; nfhLf;fpwhh;. ahh; nfhLj;jhh;fs; vd;W tpdt> “ vq;f Kjyhsp mk;kh. Kd;D}W &gh fy;ahzj;Jf;Ff; fld; kPjp ,UE}W &gh ,dhk;. rk;gsj;Jy khrk; khrk; gpbr;rpf;Fthq;f” vd;W jd; jhaplk; $Wfpwhd;. “ ahUk; ,y;yhjtq;fSf;F flTs;jhd; Jiz vd;ghq;f mJ rhpah ,Uf;FJ” 3 (R+hpa tk;rk;>g.126) vd;whs;. jdf;F Njit Vw;gLk;NghJ mJ epiwNtwhj epiyapy; jd; Ntiyghh;f;Fk; ,lj;ij ehl NehpLfpwJ. mjdhy; fpilf;fg;ngWk; cjtp %yk; Kjyhsp njhopyhsp cwT Nkk;gLtij R+hpa tk;rk; ehty; thapyhf czu KbfpwJ. Mrphpah; - khzth; cwT khzth;fs; ew;gof;f tof;fq;fis Nkw;nfhz;L Nkk;gl;L jpfOk;NghJ mjid ghuhl;LtJk;> jPa gof;ftof;fq;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ fz;bg;gJk; Mrphpahpd; flikahf jpfo;fpwJ. khjh> gpjh> FU> nja;tk; vd;ghh;fs;. mjpy; je;ijj; jha;f;F mLj;j cwTepiyapy; ,Ug;gtNu Mrphpah; Mthh;. mj;jifa Mrphpah; khzth;fis gz;gLj;Jk; ,lkhf gs;sp jpfo;fpwJ. khzth;fSf;F Jd;gk; Vw;gLk;NghJ mjid jPh;j;J itg;gtuhf Mrphpah; jpfo;fpwhh;. mNjNghy; Mrphpah;fSf;Fk; khzhf;fh;fspd; cjTgth;fshf fhzg;gLfpwhh;fs;. njhiye;JNghdth;fs; ehtypy; fzpj Mrphpah; uq;fhr;rhhp fhtphp Mw;wpy; mbj;J nry;yg;gl;l NghJ fiuapy; gy; Jyf;fpf; nfhz;bUe;j jhNkhjud; mk;GNghy gha;e;J Mrphpaiu fhg;ghw;wpdhd;. jhNkhjud; fzf;fpy; vLf;Fk; kjpg;ngz; Rop. ,jdhy; Mrphpah; Rop jhNkhjud; vd;Nw tFg;gpy; miog;ghh;. jd;id fhg;ghw;wpa Rop jhNkhjuid tFg;gpy; nrd;W ghh;j;J> “ Rop khjphp cjhuzFzk; ,Uf;fpw MSq;f ,Uf;fpwjhyjhd; Nyhfk; ,Uf;fpwJ” 4 (njhiye;JNghdth;fs;> g.23) vd;W jkpohrphpahplk; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;L ntspapy; nrd;whh;. ,jd; %yk; Mrphpah; khzth; cwT gs;spf;F ntspNaAk; njhlh;fpwJ vd;gij Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shh; ehtyhrphpah;. njhopyhsh;fspd; cwT ghku kf;fs; jd; NjitfSf;fhf gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; gy;NtW jsq;fspy; gzpGhpe;J tUfpwhh;fs;. mth;fs; gzpGhpe;J tUk; ,lq;fspYk; cwTfs; Nkk;ghL milfpwJ. mj;jifa ,lq;fspy; gzpGhpgth;fspd; cwTepiyia njhiye;JNghdth;fs;> tprhuizf;fkp\d;> rhahtdk;> R+hpatk;rk;> ngUkio ehl;fs; Nghd;w ehty;fspy; ntspg;gLj;jp fhl;bAs;shh;. tprhuizf; fkp\d; ehtypy; Nghf;Ftuj;J CopaUf;F ele;j gpur;rpidfSf;fhfTk;> mth; ,we;jjw;F ePjp Nfl;Fk; rf Copah;fs; NghuhLfpd;wdh;. rKjhaj;jpy; gzpGhpAk; ,lq;fspYk; cwTfs; njhlh;tij mwpayhk;.


TdLm 44

mf;fh-jk;gp cwT je;ij ,y;yhj FLk;gq;fspy; cs;s Mz; kf;fSf;Fj; je;ijapd; flikia nra;a Ntz;ba $Ljy; Rik te;J Nrh;fpwJ. %j;j ngz; kf;fSf;F jpUkzj;jpw;F rPh; nra;tJk; mjdhy; tWik Vw;gLtJk; epfo;fpwJ. jd; mf;fhtpd; jpUkzj;jpw;F rPh; nra;tjw;fhf jd; nrhe;j tPl;il tpw;Fk; epiy Vw;gLfpwJ. tPl;il tpw;w gzKk; Nghjhj fhuzj;jhy; Mq;fhq;Nf fld; Nfl;Fk; epiy Vw;gLfpwJ. ,j;jidAk; nra;Ak; jk;gpahf R+hpa tk;rk; vd;w ehtypy; ntspg;gLj;jpf; fhl;bAs;shh; ehtyhrphpah;. $lh el;GwT $lh el;G vd;gJ xU xOf;fkhd kdpjid xOf;ff;Nflhd nray;fspy; <Lgl nra;tjhFk;. “ gUFthh; NghDk; gz;gpyhh; Nfz;ik ngUfypw; Fd;wy; ,dpJ” 5 - jpUf;Fws;.811. vd;W $lh el;ig gw;wp ts;Sth; tpsf;fkspf;fpwhh;. R+hpatk;rk; ehtypy; nry;iyah gl;lzj;jpw;F Ntiyf;F nry;Yk;NghJ nry;iyahtpw;F by;ypAld; el;G Vw;gLfpwJ. by;yp nry;iyahtpw;F rhg;ghL thq;fp nfhLg;gJk; jq;f jd; tPl;by; ,lk;nfhLj;Jk; cjTfpwhd;. by;yp rpfnul; gpbg;gJ> Fbg;gof;fk;> jpUkzkhd ngz;Zld; cwT itj;Jf;nfhs;tJ Nghd;w jPa gof;ftof;fq;fis Nkw;nfhs;fpwhd;. by;ypapd; jq;if Nkhp nry;iyahtplk; goFtij ghh;j;J jd; ez;gd; ghGtpw;F jpUkzk; Vw;ghL nra;fpwhd;. Nkhp kWg;G njhptpj;jNghJ mjw;F fhuzk; nry;iyahjhd; vd jPh;khdpj;J “ uh];Nfhy; cdf;Fj; jpd;dr; NrhWk; ,Uf;f ,lKk; nfhLj;jh> nghz;zh Nfl;fw nghz;Z” 6 - R+hpatk;rk;> g.222) vd;W fd;dj;jpy; miwe;J gplwpia gpbj;J js;Sfpwhd;. mtd; ngl;b gLf;iffis rhiyapy; vwpfpwhd;. Muk;gj;jpy; ,th;fs; el;Gld; fhzg;gLfpwhh;fs;. jPath;fsplk; el;G nfhz;lhy; jPa gof;f tof;fq;fisNa fw;Wf;nfhs;thh;fs; vd;gjw;fpzq;f by;yp-ghG el;G mikfpwJ. KbTiu FLk;gj;jpy; njhlq;fpa cwTepiy vt;thW rKjhaj;jpy;> gs;spfspy;> Ntiyghh;f;Fk; ,lq;fspy; vt;thW Nkk;gl;L epw;fpwJ vd;gijAk; FLk;gj;jpy; Vw;gLk; nghUshjhu Fiwtpdhy; Vw;gLk; tWikiaAk;> FLk;g rpijTfisAk; ehtyhrphpah; ntspg;gLj;jpf; fhl;bAs;sij ,f;fl;Liuapd; %yk; mwpayhk;.


TdLm 45

,d;dh ehw;gJ> ,dpait ehw;gjpy; murDf;Fhpa

tho;tpay; mwq;fs;

Kidth; m.gphpah nfsut tphpTiuahsh;> jkpo;j;Jiw> muR fiyf;fy;Y}hp> jUkGhp

ehl;ilAk; kf;fisAk; topelj;jpr; nry;gtd; murd; Mthd;. mj;jifa murd; nrk;ikahd Kiwapy; ePjp jtwhJ Ml;rpia elj;jpr; nry;yNtz;Lk;. rq;f fhyj;jpy; Ml;rpAk;> murpaYk;> Nghh;f;fsKk; murh;fspd; caph;%r;rhf ,Ue;jJ. vdNt Ml;rpia ,of;f Nehpl;lhNyh my;yJ jk; Ml;rpapd; NghJ ePjp jtwpdhNyh> Nghh;f;fsj;jpy; Njhw;whNyh jd; capiuj; Jwg;gth;fshf murh;fs; ,Ue;jdh;. kd;dh; vt;topNah kf;fSk; mt;top vd;gjdhy; kd;dDila Ml;rp nrk;ikAilajhf ,Ue;jJ. mjdhy; kf;fSk; ePjpnewp jtwhJ xw;WikAld; tho;e;jdh;. vdNt> “kd;dd; caph;j;Nj kyh;jiy cyfk;” vd;wpUe;j fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; Njhd;wpa ,t;tpU E}y;fSk; murDf;Fhpa tho;tpay; mwq;fisr; rpytw;iw vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. nrq;Nfhy; Ml;rp xU ehl;il MSk; murd; ehl;L kf;fspd; Njitfis mwpe;J mjidg; G+h;j;jp nra;aNtz;Lk;. mNjNghy; ehl;by; elf;Fk; Fw;wq;fisf; fise;J ehl;ilr; nrk;ikahd Kiwapy; ePjp jtwhJ nra;Nfhy; Ml;rp elj;j Ntz;Lk;. jtpu nfhLq;Nfhy; Ml;rp elj;j$lhJ. xUmurd; nfhLq;Nfhy; Ml;rp elj;jpdhy; me;ehl;by; md;G> mwk;> nfhil vd midj;Jk; mope;JtpLk;. vdNt nfhLq;Nfhy; Ml;rp nra;Ak; kd;dhpd; ehl;by; tho;tJ Jd;gk; jUk;. ,jid>

“nfhLq;Nfhs; kwkd;dh; fPo;tho;j ypd;dh” - ,d;.3. vd;fpwJ. nghJthf kf;fsplj;jpy; gzpT ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; ew;Fzq;fs; midj;Jk; epiwe;J ,Uf;Fk;. ey;y Fzk; nfhz;l kf;fsplj;jpy; ed;kjpg;G ngwKbAk;. kf;fsplj;jpy; ed;kjpg;ig ngw;Wtpl;lhy; kd;dd; nrk;ikahd Ml;rp elj;Jgth; vd;gij> “ gzpahj kd;dh;g; gzp ,d;dh” - ,d;.13. ,dpait ehw;gjpy; murd; vd;gtd; midtiuAk; rkkhff; fUjNtz;Lk;. Ntz;bath;> Ntz;lhjth; vd;w gphpT fUjhJ> rkkhd ePjp> toq;f Ntz;Lk;. eLepiyAld; nrq;Nfhy; Ml;rp elj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gij> “ Nra;ahik Kd;dpdpJ nrq;Nfhy; dhFjy; gw;wpydha;g; gy;Yaph;f;Fk; ghj;Jw;Wg; ghq;fwpjy; ntw;wpNty; Nte;jh;f; fpdpJ” - ,dp.35. vd;w ghly; mb tpsf;FfpwJ. ,jid ts;Sth; Fbkf;fisj; jOtpathW Ml;rpg;GhpAk; murDila ghjq;fisg; nghUe;jp epw;Fk; cyfk;> jz;bj;J mlf;Ftjhfpa Nty; murDf;F ntw;wp jUtjpy;iy. mtDila nrq;Nfhy; Nfhzhky; ,Uf;Fkhdhy; mJNt ntw;wp jUtjhFk;. ehl;ilf; fhj;jy; ehl;bw;F murd; vd;w jiytd; ehl;ilf; fhj;J top elj;jpr; nry;tJNghy> tPl;bw;F Mz; jiytd; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. ehl;bd; jiytdhd murDf;F ehl;ilf; fhg;gJ Kf;fpa flikahFk;. mJNghyNt ehl;L kf;fisAk;> ehl;L tsq;fisAk; jQ;rkhf tUk; Gyth;fisAk; fhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. murd; vd;gtd; jiytd; vd;gjdhy; jdf;Ff; fPo; cs;sth;fisj; jhNd topelj;jpr; nry;y Ntz;Lk;. ehl;by; vg;gpio epfo;e;jhYk; kf;fs; kd;didNa ,fo;e;J NgRth;. vdNt ehl;ilf; fhf;fNtz;Lk; vd;gij>


TdLm 46

“fhg;ghw;wh Nte;j DyF” - ,d;.3. “Kiwapd;wp MSk; muR ,d;dh” - ,d;.5. vd;Wk;> ,dpait ehw;gJ Kiwjtwp ehl;il MSk; murDila Ml;rpiag; gw;wp vLj;Jiuf;Fk;nghOJ>

“ gw;wikah Nte;jd;fPo; thohik Kd;dpdpNj” - ,dp.32. vd;w fUj;ij $WfpwJ. tPuk; Mz; kfd; vd;whNy tPuk; kpf;F ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd;W $Wk;nghOJ ehl;il MSk; kd;dd; vjphpfisAk;> vjphpehl;L gilfisAk; vjph;j;J rkhspf;Fk; jpwikkpf;F ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. rq;f fhyj;jpy; rhjhuz Mz;kfdpd; tPuj;ij khL mlf;Fjy; nfhz;L mwpayhk;. Mdhy; kd;ddpd; tPuj;ij vjphpfis tPo;j;Jtijf; nfhz;L mwpaKbAk;. mt;thW tPo;j;jhky; GwKJfpl;L xLjy; Jd;gk; vd;gij> “fUtpfs; khwpg; Gwq;nfhLj;j ypd;dh” - ,d;.4. ,fop ndOe;jt Nuhl;bd;dh” - ,d;.8. vd;Wk;> tPuk; ,y;yhj murd; Nghh;f;fsj;jpw;F nry;yf;$lhJ vd;gijAk;> “kwkpyh kd;dh; nrUg;GFj ypd;dh” - ,d;.38. vd;W $WfpwJ. gil giltsk; kpFe;j Ml;rpNa ghJfhg;ghd Ml;rp vd;gij ts;Sth; mr;rNk ,y;yhj tPuk;> jho;T ,y;yhj khdk;> ngUik Nrh;f;Fk; ey;top elj;jy;> jiytdpd; ek;gpf;iff;F chpath; Mjy; Mfpa ehd;FNk gilf;F chpa ghJfhg;ghd gz;Gfshf tpsf;Ffpwhh;. gilg; ngUf;fj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l muR mijtpl mjpfkhd gilg;ngUf;fj;ij cila murplk; mbikahjy; Ntz;Lk;. murDk;> kf;fSk; gpwehl;Lf;F mbikahfhky; ,Uf;f Kjypy; jd; gilia typik kpFe;jjhf khw;wNtz;Lk;. ahidg;gil ,y;yhj muridg; ghh;j;jhy; Jd;gk;. kzpfs; mzpahj ahidia kd;dh; nrYj;jpr; nry;tJ Jd;gk;. ahidg; gilfisj; jd; muRf;F cUthf;fpf; nfhs;Sjy; ,dpik vd;W gy ghly; mbfs; $WfpwJ. “ahidapy; kd;diu fhz;l ddpapd;dh” - ,d;.22. “ahid Aila gilfhz;ld; Kd;dpdpNj” - ,dp.4. “kjKof;fq; Nfl;l ypdpJ” - ,dp.15. murh; jd; ehl;ilAk; kf;fisAk; vjphpfsplkpUe;J fhf;fNtz;Lk; vdpy; gil gyj;ij tphpTg;gLj;jNtz;Lk;. mjpYk; ahidg;gil ,d;wpaikahjJ. mjdhy;jhd; ahidg;gil Fwpj;J ,UE}y;fSk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. Nghh; rq;ffhyj;jpy; Nghh; jtph;f;f Kbahj epfo;r;rpahfNt Nghh; ,Ue;jJ. tPuj;ij ntspg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; ,lkhf Nghh;fsj;ij fUjpdh;. Nghhpd; Kbtpy; gy caph;fs; ,wf;f Neh;e;jhYk; mjd; KbT ntw;wpfukhf mika Ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;zpdh;. MfNt jhd; je;ijAk;> fztiuAk; Nghhp;y; ,oe;j xU ngz; fUj;J jd; xw;iwr; rpW kfidAk; NghUf;F mDg;gpaij>

“xU kfd; my;yJ ,y;yhd; nrUKf Nehf;fpr; nry;nfd tpLNl”

vd;W GwehD}W ciuf;fpwJ. Nghhpy; ,wf;Fk; tPuh;fis fhZk; murDf;F mJ Jd;gkhd nray; vd;gij> “kwkdj;jhh; Qhl;gpd; kbe;njhOf ypd;dh” - ,d;.9. Nghh;fsj;jpy; jd; tPuh;fspd; Nghh;jpwidAk;> ahidfs; ntFz;L nra;Ak; Nghh;j;jpwidAk; Xh; murd; fhz;gJ ,d;gk; vd;gij> “jhh;Gid kd;dh; jkf;Fw;w ntQ;rkj;Jr; fhh;tiu ahidf; fjq;fhz;ld;> Kd;dpdpNj” - ,dp.18. vd;w mbfs; czh;j;Jfpd;wd.


TdLm 47

KbTiu ehl;bd; murDf;F me;ehl;bd; Ml;rpAk; gilgyKk; epiwe;jjhf kl;Lkpd;wp> mwnewpAila Ml;rpahfTk; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. nghJkf;fSf;F ghugl;rk; ,d;wp ePjp toq;FtJ> ehl;L kf;fspd; Jd;gj;ij ePf;FtJ> gifahspaplkpUe;J jd; ehl;ilf; fhg;gJ murdpd; Kf;fpa flikahFk;. MfNt murDf;Fhpa mwkhf ehl;ilAk;> ehl;L kf;fisAk; topelj;jpr; nry;Yk; Kiwia ,d;dhehw;gJk;> ,dpait ehw;gJk; $Wfpd;wJ.


TdLm 48

jkpoh;fspd; Ntshz;ikr; rpe;jidfs;

kh.nry;tFkhh;

Kidth; gl;l Ma;thsh;> jkpo;j;Jiw> muR fiyf;fy;Y}hp> jUkGhp

Kd;Diu jkpoh;fs; ,aw;ifNahL ,iae;j tho;f;if tho;e;jdh;. mth;fs; Nkw;nfhz;l Ntshz;ik Fwpj;jr; nra;jpfs; gyTk; rq;f ,yf;fpa E}y;fspy; tputpf;fplf;fpd;wd. goe;jkpoh; epyq;fis mtw;wpd; jd;ikf;F Vw;g fhL> kiy> MW> fly; vd ,aw;ifiar; rhh;e;j Ky;iy> FwpQ;rp> kUjy;> nea;jy; vd ehd;F epyg;ghFghl;ilg; gFj;J> FwpQ;rpAk; Ky;iyAk; jj;jk; ,ay;gpy; khWk; epiyapy; ghiy vd;w epyg;ghFghl;ilAk; Vw;gLj;jpdh;. ,jd; topahf mth;fSila mDgt mwpT> njhopy;El;gk; Kjyhd gy nra;jpfis mwpe;Jnfhs;s KbfpwJ. jkpoh;fspd; Ntshz;ik rpe;jidfs; vq;qdk; mike;jpUe;jJ vd;gij Ma;tNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. epyk; Njh;e;njLj;jy; epyj;ij mbf;fb nrd;W ghh;f;fNtz;Lk;. vdNt epyj;ij tPl;bw;F mUfpy; Njh;e;njLj;jdh;. rpyh; epyk; cs;s ,lj;jpYk; tPL fl;bdh;. ePh; tsj;ijg; nghWj;J ed;nra;> Gd;nra; vd epyk; ghFgLj;jg;gl;lJ. coTj;njhopypd; Kjdpiy jhpR epyq;fisAk; tpisepyq;fshf;fs; ,g;gbr; nra;jhy; ehl;bd; tsk; ngUFk; vd;gij mf;fhy kf;fs; ed;F mwpe;Js;sdh;. cotUf;F epyk; nrhe;jkhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. mg;NghJjhd; cOjYk; ciog;Gk; ed;whf ,Uf;Fk;. VUk; cOjYk; ePh; tsk; fhf;f Vhp> Fsk;> fhy;tha; vd Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhz;lJ Nghy; epytsk; fhf;f vd;d nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;gijAk; njhpe;jpUe;jdh;. epyj;ij ed;F cOJ guhkhpj;J ,Ue;jikia Vh; tiffspd; %yk; mwpayhk;. “taypy; vUg; nghbAotpy; itf;fNt” (82). ,t;thpfspd; top taypy; xU fl;b$l ,y;yhky; nghbAoT nra;Js;sik GydhfpwJ. vdNt Ntshz;ikf;F chpa epyj;ijg; GOjpgl ed;F cOjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jid ts;Sth;> “ njhbg;GOjp f/rh cdf;fpd; gpbj;njUTk; Ntz;lhJ rhyg; gLk;” taypd; juk; kw;Wk; mjpy; gaph; nra;tjw;F Ntz;ba gy;NtW $Wfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L tay; gpd;tUkhW gFf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Mjptay;> ehl;fjpuWf;Fk; tay;> nghpatay;> fz;zhw;Wg;gha;r;ry; vd;gdthk;. epyj;ijg; GOjpg;glg; gz;gLj;Jk; nraNy cOjyhFk;. ntWk; epyj;ij mjd; td;ikj;jd;ik Nghf;f cOjy; Kf;$lw;gs;Stpy; Rl;lg;ngWfpwJ. epyj;ijf;fPwp kz;izg; Gul;bg; GOjpAz;lhfr; nra;tJ nghbAoT vd;W tpsf;FfpwJ. cukply; jpUj;jk; nra;ag;ngw;w epyj;jpidg; ghj;jpfshf mf;fhyj;jpy; gFj;Jg; gaph; nra;jdh;. ghj;jpf;Fs; tsUk; gapNu typikAilajhFk;. ,jid ‘tsg;ghj;jp cs;tUk; td;ik’ vd ehd;kzpf;fbif czh;j;Jk;> ghj;jpfshfTk;> tug;GfshfTk; fl;b mtw;wpd; cs;tsh;f;Fk; gaph;fSf;F vU ,Ljy; kpfTk; Njitahd xd;whFk;. ,jid> “ VhpDk; ed;why; vUtpLjy;@ ,l;lgpd; ePhpDk; ed;W mjd; fhg;G” - F.1038 vd;w Fws; %yk; mwpayhk;. NkYk;


TdLm 49

“ tPwhd Kf;$ly; tpsf;F gz;iz cuNkw;w khwhky; ML nfhz;L tUNtd;” - (77.) vd Mjhuq;fs; tputpf;fplf;fpd;wd. ePhpay; mwptpay; cyfk; vd;gJ caph;fs; cs;slq;fpaJ. caphpfSf;F ePh; %yg;nghUs;. ‘ePhpd;wp mikahJ cyF’ vd;gJ jkpohpd; mwpTf; Nfhl;ghL. ,e;ePUk; thd;kioapd; %yNk ,t;TyF ngWfpd;wJ vd;fpwhh; jpUts;Sth;. kio mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;ig “Foe;ijrhkp khjphpahf” cyfk; KOtJk; nghwpapay; khzth;fshy; fw;fg; ngWfpd;wJ. ePh;epiyfspy; cs;s ePh; fjputd; ntg;gj;jhy; MtpahfpwJ. ,J thdpy; Kfpyhf cUthfpd;wJ. ,k;Kfpy; Fsph;e;J kPz;Lk; kioahf nghope;J ePh; epiyfspy; Njq;Ffpd;wJ. ,J ePh;Row;rp vd;W ePhpaypy; nrhy;yg; ngWfpd;wJ. ,e;ePhpay; mwptpay; (hydrology’s) fUj;J> “cg;G ePiuf; flypypUe;J Kfe;J Mtpahfp> gpd; kioePuhfp ed;dPiug; nghopfpd;wJ. mJNghy; ew;gz;Gilahh; jPjfw;wp khz;Gilatuhf kf;fSf;Fg; gad;gLth;” vDk; mwf;fUj;jpy; fhz VJthfpd;wJ. mw ,yf;fpaj;jpd; ,g;gjpT fly;ePh; FbePh; (ed;dPh;) MFk; gz;GilaJ vdpDk; mwptpay; czh;Tld; xj;jpUf;Fk; cz;ik Gydhfpd;wJ. KbTiu jkpoh; rKjhak; ,aw;ifNahL ,iae;j tho;tpidf; nfhz;lJ. taYk; tay; rhh;e;j gFjpAkhd kUjk; Ntshz;ikia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ. vr;rKjhaKk; Ntshz;ikapd;wp ,aq;fpajpy;iy. ,aq;fTk; KbahJ. ,d;iwf;Fr; rKjhaj;jpd; caph;ehbahf tpsq;Fk; Ntshz;ik mwptpay; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpy; gy;NtW gbfisf; fle;Js;sJ. mtw;Wf;fhd gy;NtW $Wfs; md;iwa ,yf;fpaq;fspy; fhzf;fpilg;gJ tpag;ghf cs;sJ kl;Lkpd;wp ek; Kd;Ndhh;fspd; mDgt mwpitAk; rpe;jidiaAk; czuKbfpwJ.


TdLm 50

GwehD}w;wpy; mwf;$Wfs;

F.kNf\;tud;

Kidth; gl;l Ma;thsh; (KONeuk;) kNdhd;kzpak; Re;judhH gy;fiyf;fofk;> jpUney;Ntyp

kf;fspd; tho;thdJ mftho;T> Gwtho;T vd;w ,UepiyfspNyNa gFf;fg;gLtjhf vy;yhj; jkpo; E}y;fSk; $Wtijf; fhzyhk;. me;j tifapy; midj;Jj; jkpo; E}y;fshYk; ,Uepiyahff; Fwpg;gplg;gl;ltw;Ws; mwk; gw;wpa $Wfis Fwpj;J GwehD}w;wpd; top Muha;tNj ,t;Ma;Tf; fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhf mikag;ngWfpwJ. mwk; tpsf;fk; mwj;ijg; gw;wpg; NgRk; jkpo; E}y;fspy; kpfg;gythf cs;sd. vdpDk; mwk; vd;Dk; nrhy;ypw;Fg; gpd;tUk; tpsf;fk; jug;gLfpwJ. kdpjd; jdf;nfd tiuaWj;Jf; nfhz;l xOf;fKiwfspy; njhFjpNa KO epiw tbtNk mwk; vd;W $Wtu;. gpwtpNjhWk; kdpjidg; gw;wpf; nfhz;L tUk; jPtpidapd; gadhfpa mwpahikia mWj;njwptNj mwk; vd;W Md;kPf Fioj;j kw;nwhU tpsf;fKk; ,jw;Fj; jug;gLtJz;L. Gwk; - tpsf;fk; Gwk; vd;w nrhy;Yf;F ntspaplk;> md;dpak;> Gwj;jpiz> tPuk;> gf;fk;> KJF> gpd;Gwk;> ,lk;> ,iwapyp Nghd;w gy nghUs;fs; cs;s NghjpYk; mikag;ngWfpwJ. mfj;jpw;Fg; Gwdhfr; Rl;lg;ngWk; Gwk; jiytdpd; Gfo;> nfhil> tPuk; Nghd;wtw;iw ikakpl;ljhf mikfpd;wJ. mfg;nghUspy; jiytp Kf;fpa ,lk;ngw Gwg;nghUspy; jiytNd Kjd;ikg; ngWfpd;whd;. Gwg;nghUs; vd;gJ mwk; nra;jy;> nghUs; <l;Ljy;> NghH nra;jy; Nghd;w rKjha tho;f;ifg; gw;wpa nra;jpfisf; $WtJ murhl;rp> tptrhak;> thzpfk;> gpw njhopy;fs; vy;yhk; Gwj;jpNy epfo;td ,itfisg; gw;wpAk;> ,itfs; vg;gb eilngw Ntz;Lnkd;w topKiwfisg; gw;wpAk; Gwj;jhH czUk;gb ciuf;fTk;> thapdhYk; nrhy;yKbAk; vd;gjhy; vy;yhUk; mwpAk;gb nrhy;yTk; nra;aTk; $bar; nra;jpfs; vy;yhk; Gwg;nghUshFk;. mwg;NghH jkpoHfspd; gz;ila fhyg; NghHKiwapy; NghH eltbf;ifapd; njhlf;f epfo;thfNt Mepiu ftHjy; mike;jpUf;fpwJ. Mepiuiaf; ftUk; vjphpfisf; fhtyUk;> CuhUk; vjpHf;f gLnfhiyfs; gy eilngWk; vd;gij (Gwk;. gh.261> 263) ghly;fs; %yk; mwpayhk;. me;j tifapy;> mwtopapy; epd;W NghH nra;Ak; goe;jkpohpd; gz;ghl;Lr; rpwg;gpid czHj;Jk; tpjkhf ,g;ghly; mikfpwJ. 'MTk;> Mdpaw; ghHg;gd khf;fSk;> ngz;bUk;> gpzpAilaPUk; Ngzpj; njd;Gyk; tho;eHf;F mUq;fld; ,Wf;Fk; nghd;Nghw; Gjy;tHg; ngwhm jPUk;> vk;mk;G fbtpLJk;> Ek; muz; NrHkpd; vd" (Gwk;. gh.9> thp.1) mjhtJ> gRf;fs; me;jzHfs; Neha;tha;g;gl;NlhH> gpj;JUf;fs;> KJikaile;NjhH vd ,tHfSf;F jFe;j ghJfhg;G mspj;jg;gpd;dNu NghH Ghpe;j epfo;it ,q;F fhzKbfpwJ. NkYk;>


TdLm 51

'ew;gDty; ehy; Ntjj;J mUQ;rPHj;jpg; ngUq;fz;Ziw ............................................................ tPahr; rpwg;gpd; Nts;tp Kw;wp" 'rpwg;Gila kugpw; nghUSk; ,d;gKk; mwj;J topg;g^ck; Njhw;wk; Nghy" (Gwk;. gh.31> thp.1) vDk; ghly;fs; mwtop kl;LNk rpwg;GilaJ. nghUs;> ,d;gk; ahTk; mwj;jpw;Fg; gpw;gl;ljhfNt fUjg;gLk; vd;gjid ehd;F Ntj tpjpg;gb Nts;tpfs; nra;Ak; kd;dd; czHthnddpy; mtd; mwtopapy; kl;LNk NghH Ghpthd; vd;fpwJ. njhlHe;J> ahidg;gil> Fjpiug;gil> NjHg;gil> fhyhl;gil vd ehd;F gilfs; ,Ug;gpDk;> khl;rpikAila mwnewpapy; epw;gJjhd; muRf;Fk;> murDf;Fk; rpwg;Gila nranyd;W (Gwk;. gh.55) $wpr;nry;tJk; ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. gz;lkhw;W Kiw jk; epyj;jpy; fpilj;jg; nghUis gpw epyj;jtHf;Ff; nfhLj;J mjw;F khw;whf jdf;F Ntz;ba me;epyj;Jg; nghUisg; ngWjy; gz;lkhw;W Kiw vd;gH. ,g;gof;fk; goq;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;jij gy ghly;fspd; top ekf;F ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. mjhtJ> Ntl;ilahbajd; %yk; fpilf;fg;ngw;w khd; jiria Ntl;Ltd; xU ghj;jpuj;jpy; te;J nfhLf;f> MaH Fyg;ngz;fs; japiuf; Flj;jpy; nfhLf;f> coTj;njhopy; GhpAk; NtahsH Fyg;ngz;fs; mitfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L jq;fs; taypy; tpise;j ney;iy mse;J nfhLg;gjhf mikag;ngw;w ,e;epfo;tpd; top goe;jkpohpd; gz;lkhw;WKiwapid mwpayhk;. 'fhd; ciw tho;f;if fjeha; Ntl;Ltd; khd;jir nrhhpe;j tl;bAk;> Ma;kfs; japHnfhL te;j jRk;Gk; epiwa> Vhpd; tho;eH Nghpy; mhpitaH Fsf;fPo; tpise;j fsf;nfhs; ntz;nzy; Kfe;jdH nfhLg;g cfe;jdH ngaUk;" (Gwk;. gh.39> thp.1) ,jidaLj;J> 'kPd; nehLj;J ney; Fit," (Gwk;. gh.343> thp.1) 'fopcg;G Kfe;J fy;ehL kLf;Fk; Miur; rhfhl;L Mo;r;rp Nghf;Fk;" (Gwk;. gh.60> thp.7) vDk; ghly; mbfSk;> kPd; nfhLj;J mjw;F gjpyhf new;fsQ;rpaj;ijg; ngw;wijAk;> flypypUe;J ngw;w cg;ig Vw;wpf;nfhz;L ghuk; kpFe;j tz;bahdJ kiyehl;il Nehf;fpr; nrd;wijAk; $wpajd; %yk; ,q;Fk; ,k;Kiw gpd;gw;wg;gl;Ls;sij ehk; mwpayhk;. epkpj;jk; Fwpj;j ek;gpf;iffs; mwnewpAld; rpwe;j nrq;Nfhd;ikAk; nfhz;l kd;dd; ,Uf;Fkplj;jpy; jPik fhl;Lk; epkpj;jq;fs; Gjpjhfj; Njhd;wpdhYk;> gioa ey;y epkpj;jq;fs; nry;tjhf ,Ue;jhYk; me;ehL mtdJ mwnewpapdhy; ghJfhg;GlNd ,Uf;Fk; vDk; fUj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jk; tpjkhf fPo;tUk; ghly; mikag;ngw;Ws;sJ. 'GJg;Gs; thpDk; gbk;Gs; NghfpDk; tpJg;Gw mwpah Vkf; fhg;gpid!" (Gwk;. gh.20> thp.18) ,jidj; njhlHe;J> 'ehs; md;W Nghfpg;Gs; ,ilj;jl;gg; gjd; md;W Gf;Fj; jpwd; md;W nkhopapDk;> twpJ ngaHFeH my;yH> newp nfhsg ghL Md;W ,uq;Fk; mUtpg; gPLnfO kiyaw; ghb NahNu" (Gwk;. gh.124> thp.1)


TdLm 52

ehs;> ey;y ehs; ,y;iynad;whYk;> gwitAk; jPa epkpj;jj;ijf; fhl;bdhYk;> kd;did fhz;gjw;Fk; chpa fhyg;nghOJ ,Jty;y vd;W nrhy;yg;gl;lhYk;> kd;did ghLk; ,utyHfs; ghprpy; ngwhJ twpNj jpUk;gkhl;lhHfs; vd fhhpapd; ts;sy; jd;ikia Nghw;Wk; tpjkhf fgpyH ghba ghly; ,J. NkYk;> 'Gs;Sk; nghOJk; gopj;jy; my;yij cs;spr; nrd;NwhHg; gopayh" (Gwk;. gh.204> thp.10) vd;w ghly;fspd; %yk;> ,utyH jhd; ehb te;j mk;kd;did gopf;fhJ mjw;F jhk; Gwg;gl;L te;j NeuKk;> jPa epkpj;jKNk fhuzkhFk; vd;W jq;fisj; jhq;fNs gopj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; epiyiaAk; ,jd;top mwpaf; fhz;fpNwhk;. eLey; topghl;L kuG giftHfsplkpUe;J Mepiufis kPl;L te;j jiytd; Nghhpy; tPo;e;j ,lj;jpy; mt;tPuDf;F eLey; itf;fg;gl;lij> gy ghly;fs; $wpr; nry;fpwJ. 'epiu ,tz; je;J> eLfy; Mfpa nty;Nty; tpliy ,d;ikapd; Gyk;gp" (Gwk;. gh.261> thp.15) 'gy;yhj; jpus; epiungaHjug; ngaH je;J ..................................................................................... nfhy;Gdy; rpiwapd; tpyq;fpNahd; fy;Ny" (Gwk;. gh.263> thp.5>8) NkYk;> 'GileL fy;ypd; ehl;gyp A+l;b ed;dPH Ml;b> nea;e;eiwf; nfhsP,a> kq;Fy; khg;Gif kWFld; fkOk;" (Gwk;. gh.329> thp.2) 'xspW Ve;JkUg;gpd; fspW vwpe;J tPo;e;njdf; fy;Ny gutpd; my;yJ> ney; cFj;Jg; guTk; flTSk; ,yNt" (Gwk;. gh.335> thp.10) Nghd;w ghly;fs; KiwNa> Nghhpy; ntw;wpf; nfhz;L jhKk; tPo;e;J eLfy;yhfpa NghH tPuid G+Tk; ney;Yk; nrhhpe;J topgLjy; Ntz;LnkdTk;> eLey;Yf;Fg; gyp nfhLj;J GJePH Ml;b nea;tpsf;F Vw;Wk; KiwapidAk; $wpr; nrd;Ws;sJ. NkYk;> ,we;j cliy ,l;Lf; ftpo;j;J Gijf;f kz;jhop vDk; mfd;w kz;ghj;jpuk; goq;fhyj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;likAk; gy ghly;fspd; top ehk; mwpayhk;. mtw;iw fPo;tUk; ghly;fs; cWjnra;tjhf cs;sJ. 'ftpnre; jhopf; Ftp Gwj;J ,Ue;j" (Gwk;. gh.238> thp.1) 'md;Ndhd; ftpf;Fk; fz;zfd; jhop> tidjy; Ntl;lid Mapd;" (Gwk;. gh.228> thp.12) 'fyk; nra; NfhNt! fyk; nra; NfhNt! ............................................................. <kj;jhop mfypJ Mf tidNkh!" (Gwk;. gh.256> thp.1>5>6) Nkw;nrhy;yg;gl;l ghly;fspd; top> me;j fhyj;jpy; kd;dHfis mtHfs; ,we;j gpd; kz;ghz;lj;jpy; ,l;L Gijj;j tuyhw;W epfo;tpidAk; mwpaKbfpwJ. ,we;J Nghdtpd; nra;Ak; Kiwia Fwpj;jjw;F khwhf> capH NghfhjpUf;Fk; nghUl;L ntz;rpWfLif Gifj;J capH thOk; goq;fhy ghpfhu KiwikAk; vLj;Jf; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ GwehD}w;Wg; ghlypy;. 'Iatp Gifg;gTk; jhq;fhJ xa;nad cWKiw kugpd; Gwk; epd;W ca;f;Fk; $w;wj;J midia" (Gwk;. gh.98> thp.15)


TdLm 53

tpUe;Njhk;gy; VH cOJ cz;gjw;Fhpa czTg; nghUis gapHnra;J tWikia ePf;fpg; gFj;Jz;Zk; tifapy; ,dpa tho;f;ifia tho;e;jtHfs; jhd; rq;ffhy kf;fs;. mtHfs; cotj; njhopYf;F vUJ> fOij Nghd;w tpyq;Ffisg; gad;gLj;jp tuF> nfhs; Nghd;wtw;iw tpijj;J cyf;ifahy; mtw;iw Fj;jpAz;Zk; Kiwiaf; ifahz;lij gy ghly;fs; Rl;br; nry;fpwJ. 'cOJ}H fhis" (Gwk;. gh.322> thp.1) 'fha ney;" (Gwk;. gh.337> thp.14) 'ntstha; fOijg; Gy; ,dk;> G+l;b> nts;is tuFk;> nfhs;Sk; tpj;Jk; itfy; cot!" (Gwk;. gh.392> thp.9) 'Fw;whdh cyf;ifahy; fypr; Rk;ik tpay; Mq;fz;" (Gwk;. gh.22> thp.18) NkYk; coT Nkw;nfhs;Sk; kUj epykhdJ> ePHepiwe;j fodpfs;> nghd;dpiwe;j njUf;fs;> gytif kyHfshyhd Nrhiy Nghd;W fhl;rpaspf;Fk; vd;W me;epyj;jpd; tsikiar; Rl;br; nry;fpwJ. 'VH gue;j tay;> ePH gue;j nrWtpd;> ney; kype;j kidg; nghd; kype;j kWfpd; gLtz;L> MHf;Fk; gd;kyHf; fhtpd;" (Gwk;. gh.338> thp.1) ,t;thwhf> ehy;tif epyq;fspNy ehfhPfk; ed;F nropj;J tUk; epykhfTk;> ePHtsk; epuk;gpajhfTk; kUj epyk; mikag; ngw;wpUe;jhYk;> ,q;F ,Uk;Gj; njhopy;> jr;Rj; njhopy;> kz;ghz;lj; njhopy;> Ntl;ilj; njhopy;> tzpfk; (cg;G) Nghd;w gytifj; njhopy;fspYk; NjHr;rp ngw;wtHfshf rq;f fhyj;J kf;fs; ,Ue;jijAk; GwehD}w;wpd; thapyhf mwpayhk;. ghjPL njhy;fhg;gpaf; fhyj;Jj; jkpo;kf;fs; fly; fle;J nrd;W NghH nra;jjhfj; njhpatpy;iy. Mdhy; rq;f fhyj;Jg; gz;ila kf;fs; gifik nfhz;L jd;id vjpHj;j giftHfSila ehl;il tPjpfs;> Nfhl;il kjpy;fs;> Fjpiufs;> tpisepyq;fs; vd midj;ijAk; ifg;gw;wp mtw;wpd; top nghUs; <l;bAs;sdH. mtHfs; ftHe;J te;jjd; vQ;rpaijNa giftHfs; gad;gLj;jpa nra;jpAk; ,jd;top ngwg;gLfpwJ. mtw;iw czHj;Jk; tpjkhf ,g;ghly;fs; mikag; ngw;Ws;sd. 'tpistay; ftHG Cl;b" (Gwk;. gh.16> thp.4) 'nfhs;tJ nfhz;L> nfhs;sh kpr;rpy; nfhs;gjk; xopa tPrpa GyDk;" (Gwk;. gh.23> thp.6) 'Gs;spdk; ,kpOk; Gfo;rhy; tpistay;" (Gwk;. gh.15> thp.4) epiwthf njhopy;> jpiz Nghd;wtw;wpy; caHT> jho;T Vw;gl;bUe;j NghjpYk;> rhjp nkhopabg;gilapy; caHT jho;T ,y;yhJ tho;e;j tho;it GwehD}w;wpd; thapyhf mwpaKbtNjhL> gz;ilaj; jkpoHfs; tPuj;jpy; rpwe;jtHfshfTk;> <iff;Fzk; nfhz;ltHfshfTk;> fiyfspy; rpwe;J tpsq;fpaijAk;>.mwj;NjhL tho;e;J te;jdh; vd;gJ GydhfpwJ. ghh;it E}y;fs; 1. uhkRg;ukzpak;> t.j.> - GwehD}W %yKk; ciuAk;> jpUkfs; epiyak;> nrd;id> 2000. 2. rhkp rpjk;gudhH> - njhy;fhg;gpaj; jkpoH> epA+ nrQ;Rhp Gf; `T];> nrd;id> 2002. 3. rhkp rpjk;gudhH> - vl;Lj;njhifAk; jkpoHgz;ghLk;> mwpTg; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id> 2003.


TdLm 54

irt itzt ,yf;fpaq;fspy; mwk;

Nfh.N[hjpkzp

cjtpg; Nguhrpupia (jkpo;j;Jiw), gr;rKj;J fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; kfspH fy;Y}up, jUkGup

Kd;Diu ‘jkpo;nkhop-gf;jpnkhop| vd;W miof;fg;gLtNj jkpOf;F rpwg;ghFk;. gf;jp vd;gJ ,iwtopghL kl;L kd;wp jdp kdpj xOf;fj;jpidAk; vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ> jdp kdpj xOf;fNk rKjha xOf;fkhFk;. ,j;jifa mwnewpfis vLj;jpak;Gfpd;w Vuhskhd gf;jp ,yf;fpaq;fs; jkpopy; cs;sd. mwj;jpidAk;> mw xOf;fj;jpidAk; NrHj;Nj gf;jp ,yf;fpaq;fs; vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. mwk; kdpjd; tpyq;FfspypUe;J NtWgLtJ gFj;jwpthy; jhd;> mj;jifa mwpit miltNj mwkhFk;. mw xOf;fk; vd;gJ kdk; kw;Wk; Ik;Gyd;fisAk; xUepiyg;gLj;Jjy;> md;G fhl;ly;> rkj;Jtk; Nghw;wy;> ngha; nrhy;yhik> jpUlhik> ed;wp kwthik> <ifj;jd;ik> nfhilj;jpwk; kw;Wk; NghHj;jpwk; Nghd;w ew;nray;fNs MFk;. ,j;jifa mwr;nray;fisNa irtKk;> itztKk; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. irt rkak; rptngUkhid Nghw;wpg; ghbatHfs; 63 NgH. ehad;khHfs; vd;wiof;ff;$ba ,tHfs; irt rka mwf;fUj;Jf;fisAk;> tho;tpay; newpKiwfisAk> rptngUkhdpd; mw;Gjq;fisAk; kf;fSf;F vLj;Jiuj;jtHfs;> xt;nthUtUk; xt;nthU newpapid jq;fspd; tho;f;if %ykhf kf;fSf;F vLj;Jiuj;Js;sdH. gf;jpAk; ,y;ywKk; irt ehad;khHfspy; xUtuhd fhiuf;fhyk;ikahH gukjj;jd; vd;gtiu jpUkzk; nra;J ,dpNj ,y;ywk; elj;jpatH. xt;nthU ehSk; rptdbatH xUtUf;F cztspg;gijNa rptj;njhz;lhff; fUjpatH. xUehs; mk;ikahupd; fztH mtuplk; ,uz;L khq;fdpfisf; nfhLj;J tpl;Lr; nry;fpuhH mk;ikahH mbtHf;F cztspf;Fk; NghJ xU fdpiaAk; nfhLj;J tpLfpwhH.mk;ikahH jd; fztUf;F cztspf;Fk; NghJ kPjk; ,Ue;j xU fdpia nfhLf;fpwhH. mf;fdpia cz;l mtUila fztH kw;nwhU fdpiaAk; Nfl;fpwhH mg;NghOJ vd;d nra;tnjd;W njupahky; ,iwtdplk;Ngha; mk;ikahH KiwapLfpwhH> ,iwtd; mk;ikahUf;F xU fdpiaf; nfhLf;fpwhH mij cz;l mtUila fztH ,e;jg; gok; NtW Ritiaj; jUfpwJ vd;Wk; $WfpwhH. mjdhy; mk;ikahH ,iwtdplk; Ntz;bg; ngw;w cz;ikia fztuplk; $WfpwhH ,ij ek;ghj mtUila fztH jd; Kd;Nd kPz;Lk; xU fdppia ngwr; nrhy;fpwhH> mt;thNw ,iwtdplk; kPz;Lk; Kiw ,LfpwhH mk;ikahH> ,iwtDk; kPz;Lk; xU fdpia mk;ikahUf;F toq;FfpwhH. ,ijg;ghHj;j gukjj;jd; kpuz;L NghfpwhH. mk;ikahH rptd; kPJ nfhz;l gf;jpahy;> mtUila fztDf;F nja;thk;rk; nghUe;jpatshfNt njupfpwhH. mjdhy; gukjj;jd; mtiu gpupe;J nry;fpwhH. rpy fhyq;fSf;F gpd;dH mk;ikahupd; fztd; ghz;ba ehl;by; NtnwhU ngz;iz kze;jJ njupa tUfpwJ. fhiuf;fhyk;ikahUk; mtuJ cwtpdHfSk; gukjj;jidj; Njbr; nry;fpd;wdH. jd; kidtp> kfSld; mk;ikahiug; gzpe;J tzq;FfpwhH. jd; kfSf;F ,iwak;rk; ngw;w mk;ikapd; ngaiuNa #l;bAs;sjhf $WfpwhH. cwtpdHfSk; fhiuf;fhyk;ikahuplk; ,iwj;jd;ik ,Ug;gij czHfpd;wdH. jd; fztd; Ntz;lhj ,t;Tly; moF nfl;L> jhd; NgapUit mila Ntz;Lk; vd fhiuf;fhyk;ikahH ,iwtdplk; Ntz;LfpwhH> mt;thNw NgAUtk; milfpwhH vd;gjid>


TdLm 55

“ Md mg;NghOJ kd;Ws; MLthH mUspshNy Nky;newp czHT $w Ntz;bw;Nw ngWthH nka;apy; Cd; mil tdg;ig vy;yhk; cjwp vd;Glk;Ng Mf thdKk; kz;Zk; vy;yhk; tzq;F Nga; tbtk; MdhH“ vd;w ngupaGuhzg; ghlypd; %yk; mwpayhk;. NkYk; ,y;ywj;jpy; rpwg;Gw gf;jpNa fhuzk; vd;gJk; GydhfpwJ. md;G Ntl;Lt Fyj;jpy; gpwe;j jpz;zdhH vd;gtH Ntl;ilahl nry;fpd;whH mg;NghJ fhdj;jp kiyapy; tPw;wpUf;Fk; ,iwtid fhz;fpwhH.,iwtd; jdpj;jpUg;gjhf vz;zp tUj;jg;gLfpwhH. ,iwtDf;F cztspf;fTk;> g+ir nra;aTk; epidf;fpwhH mjdhy; ,iwtid ePuhl;l jd; thapy; ePiu vLj;Jf;nfhs;fpwhH> jiyapy; kyHfis ,l;Lf;nfhs;fpwhH > jdf;F fpilj;j ,iwr;rpia Ntfitj;J iffspNy vLj;Jf;nfhs;fpwhH> jd; thapy; cs;s ePiu ckpo;e;J ,iwtDf;F mgpNrfk; nra;fpwhH. jiyapy; Rke;J te;j kyHfis ,iwtDf;F #l;LfpwhH. ,iwr;rpia gilaypl;L tzq;FfpwhH. ,ijf;fz;l mHr;rfH rptNfhrupahH tUj;jg;gl;L ,iwtdplk; KiwapLfpwhH. ,iwtd; mHr;rfH fdtpy; Njhd;wp jpz;zdhupd; md;gpid vLj;Jiuf;fpwhH> kWehs; rptNfhrupahH jpz;zdhupd; gf;jpiaf; fhz fhsj;jp kiyapy; kiwe;J nfhs;fpwhH> jpz;zdhUk; kWehs; fhiy ,iwtDf;F g+ir nra;a tUfpwhH mg;NghOJ ,iwtd; fz;zpy; FUjp tbfpwJ ,ijf;fz;l jpz;zdhH> fjwp Jbj;jhH> Gyk;gpdhH> vd;d nra;tnjd;W njupahky; jtpj;jhH gpd;G jd; fz;fs; epidTf;F tuNt jdJ tyJ fz;iz $Hikahd mk;gpdhy; Njhz;b ,iwtd; fz;zpy; mg;gpdhH> ,ijg;ghHj;j rptNfhrupahH Mr;rpupaj;jpy; %o;fpdhH. kPz;Lk; kw;nwhU fz;zpy; FUjp tbfpwJ mijg;ghHj;j jpz;zdhH jdJ kw;nwhU fz;izAk; Njhz;b itg;gjw;;F Kaw;rpnra;fpwhH> ,iwtd; mtjupj;J jpz;zdhiu Ml;nfhz;lhH vd;gjidAk;> md;gpd; mbg;gil gf;jpNa vd;gjidAk;> “ ,jw;F ,dp vd;fz; mk;ghy; ,lj;J mk;gpd; ve;ijahH fz; mjw;F ,J kUe;jha;g; Gz;ePH epw;fTk; mLf;Fk; vd;W kjHe;J vOk; cs;sj;NjhL kfpo;e;J Kd; ,Ue;J jk;fz; Kjy; ruk; mLj;J thq;F Kjy;tH jk; fz;zpy; mg;g” ng.G- 827 vd;w ngupaGuhzg; ghly; czHj;JfpwJ. ,iwtDf;F fz;fis toq;fpajhy; fz;zg;gehadhH vd;w ngaupid ngw;whH. NghH Vdhjp ehj ehadhH vd;gtH gf;jpapYk;> tPuj;jpYk; rpwe;J tpsq;fpdhH. mtUila gifahsd; mjp#ud; Vdhjpahiu Nghupy; tPo;j;j Kbahky; jtpj;jhd;>thl;gilapy; rpwe;J tpsq;fpa Vdhjpahiu mjp#udhy; Njhw;fbf;f Kbatpy;iy. Mdhy; VdhjpahH gf;jpapy; rpwe;J tpsq;fpatH vd;gJk;> jpUePW ,l;l rptj;njhz;lHfis Jd;GWj;j khl;lhH vd;gJk; midtUf;Fk; njupe;jNj> Mifahy; mjp#ud; clk;ngy;yhk; jpUePW g+rpf; nfhz;L Vdhjpahiu NghHGupa mioj;jhd;. giltPuHfs; ahUk; ,d;wp jdpNa tUk;gb mioj;jhd;. VdhjpahUk; jdpNa NghHGupa nrd;whuH> mUfpy; tUk; tiu jpUePw;iw kiwj;J te;j mjp#ud; mtH mUNf te;jTld; jpUePwzPe;j jd;id ntspg;gLj;jpdhd;. VdhjpahH jpUePw;NwhL te;j


TdLm 56

mjpRuidf; fz;lJk; nfl;lJ Ngh vd;W epidj;J> rptgf;jpahy; mjp#uid Nghupy; tPo;j;jhky; mtd; thSf;F ,iuahdhH vd;gjid. “ fz;lnghONj nfl;Nld; Kd;G ,tHNky; fhzhj ntz;jpUePw;wpd; NghypTNky; fz;Nld; NtW,dpvd; mz;lHgpuhd; rPH mbahH MapdhH vd;W kdk; nfhz;L ,tHjk; nfhs;iff; FUtpopepw;Ngd; vd;W” ng.G: gh.v: 645 vd;w ,g;ghly; Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ. NghHf; fhyj;jpYk; gf;jpia filgpbj;jtH vd;w rpwg;Gk; ,iwtd;kPJ nfhz;l gw;wpdhy; jd; capiuAk; ePj;jtH vd;w ngUikAk; ngw;wtH VdhjpehjehadhH. gf;jp jdp kdpj xOf;fj;ij vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ vd;gij ,jd; %yk; mwpayhk;. itzt rkak; itztj;ij Nghw;wp tsHj;j ngUikf;Fupa Mo;thHfs; nkhj;jk; 12 NgH. itzt rkaj;jpd; newpfisAk;> jpUkhypd; mtjhur; rpwg;GfisAk;> gf;jpahy; Vw;gLk; ed;ikfisAk; vLj;Jiuj;Js;sdH. gf;jp jdp kdpj xOf;fj;jpidNa typAWj;Jfpd;wJ vd;gij gz;zpU Mo;thHfs; nka;gpf;fpd;wdH. rkj;Jtk; itztj;jpy; jpUg;ghzho;thH fij vLj;Jf; $WfpwJ. jpUg;ghzho;thH xUehs; gf;jpapy; nka;kwe;J fhtpupf; fiuapy; ,iwtUs; ghLfpwhH. jpUtuq;fg; ngUkhdpd; mHr;rfH> ngUkhDf;F ePHnfhz;L nry;y Ntz;bAs;sjhy; jpUg;ghzho;thuplk; tpyfpr; nry;YkhW Nfl;fpwhH. gf;jpapy; %o;fpa Mo;thH mijf; fz;L nfhs;sNtapy;iy mjdhy; NfhgKw;w mHr;rfHfs; ahtUk; mtiu fy;yhy; mbj;J Jd;GWj;Jfpd;wdH. ,ij fhzr; rfpahj vk;ngUkhd; new;wpapypUe;J FUjp tbfpwJ. mijf; fz;l murd; Kjyhf ahtUk; fyf;f KWfpd;wdH. jpUg;ghzho;thupd; md;gpid nka;g;gpf;f epidj;j ,iwtd; Nyhf rhuq;f KdptuJ fdtpy; Njhd;wp. “ ek; ghzid jpUj;Njhspy; vOe;jUsr; nra;J nfhz;L thUk;“ - vd;W mUspdhH.mt;thNw mtUk; jpUg;ghzho;thiu jd; Njhspy; Rke;J jpUf;Nfhapy; nfhz;L te;jhH. mt;topNa jpUtuq;fg; ngUkhid Nrtpj;j jpUg;ghzho;thH ,iwtdpd; fz; Kjy; ghjk; tiuAs;s cWg;Gfis rpwg;gpf;Fk; tifapy; ghbdhH vd;gij “ fhl;lNt fz;l ghj fkyey; yhilAe;jp Njl;lUk; cju ge;jk; jpUkhHG fz;lk; nrt;tha; thl;lkpy; fz;fs; Nkdp KdpNawpe; jdpGFe;J ghl;bdhy; fz;L thOk; ghzHjhs; gutpNdhNk" vd;w ,g;ghly; ekf;F rhjpkj NtWghlw;w md;igNa ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ vd;gij mwpTWj;JfpwJ. gf;jp tpg;gpu ehuhazd; vd;w ehkj;jpidf; nfhz;ltH njhz;lubg;nghbaho;thH> ,tH jpUtuq;fg;ngUkhDf;F kyHnjhz;L GuptijNa jd; tho;ehspd; ghf;fpakhff; fUjpatH. fhyg; Nghf;fpy; NjtNjtp vd;w tpiykhjpw;F mbikahfp ,iwtid kwe;jhH> gpd;G kdk; jpUe;jp jhd; nra;j jtiw czHe;J jz;lidahf xt;nthU ehSk; ,iw Myaj;jpw;F nry;Yk; mbatHfs; ghjk; gzpe;Jk;> mtHfspd; mbJfs;fis cz;Lk; tho;e;jhH. ,tUila ed; kdij Vw;Wf;nfhz;l ,iwtd; mtUf;F ,iwj; njhz;lhw;Wk; mUis toq;fpdhH. ,iwaUs; ngw;w ,tH ,iwtidg; Nghw;wp ghly; ghbdhH. “ gr;irkh kiyNghy; Nkdp gtstha;f; fkyr; nrq;fz; mr;Rjh ! mkuH VNw ! MaHjk; nfhOe;Nj ! vz;Zk; ! ,r;Rit jtpu ahd;Ngha; ,e;jpu Nyhfk; MSk; mr;Rit ngwpDk; Ntz;Nld; muq;fkh efU shNd”


TdLm 57

vd;w ghly; tupfs; ,tH jpUtuq;fg; ngUkhdpd; kPJ nfhz;l gf;jpapid nka;gpf;fpwJ> ,g;ghlNy jpUkhy; mbatH ahtuhYk; ghlg;gLfpwJ. MfNt gf;jp vd;gJ kdj;J}a;ikNa vd;w mwj;jpid njhz;lubg; nghbaho;thupd; tho;f;if ekf;F vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. KbTiu ek; Kd;NdhHfs; rkzk;> irtk;> itztk; ngsj;jk; vd gy rkaq;fis gpd;gw;wp tho;e;jpUe;jhYk; mr;rkaq;fs; rhHe;j Mfk E}y;fs; ahTk; mwr;nray;fisNa czHj;Jfpd;wJ vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ. gf;jpNa kdpjid newpg;gLj;JfpwJ vd;gjidAk; ,iwaUs; ngw;wtHfNs mwj;jpid njhlu KbAk; vd;gjidAk; gf;jp ,yf;fpaq;fs; thapyhf ehk; mwpe;J nfhs;fpNwhk;.


TdLm 58

Kidg;ghbahu; ,aw;wpa mwnewpr;rhuk; (top)

czu;j;Jk; mwnewpf; $Wfs;

n[.c~huhzp Kidtu; gl;l Ma;thsu; (KO Neuk;)> jkpo;j;Jiw> muR fiyf;fy;Y}hp> fpU~;zfpup

Kd;Diu jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpy rq;fk; kUtpa fhyk; vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; ,Uz;l fhyj;jpy; rkz ngsj;j rkaq;fs; jkpofj;jpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jp te;jd. ,r;rkaq;fs; MirNa Jd;gj;jpw;Ff; fhuzk;> cyf tho;f;if khiaahdJ mwr;nray;fis nra;J tPLNgW mila Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; cz;ikfis typAWj;jpd. nfhy;yhik> Gyhy; cz;zhik> gpwd;kid Nehf;fhik> jpUlhik> Nfhgk; nfhs;shik Kjypad jiyaha mwq;fshfg; Nghw;wg;gl;ld. ,jid> ts;StUk; xUtu; jd; tho;ehspy; nghwhik> Mir> rpdk;> fLQ;nrhy; vd;Dk; ehd;fpw;Fk; xU rpwpJk; ,lk; juhky; xOfp tUtJ mwkhFk; vd;gjid> mOf;fhW mthntFsp ,d;dhr;nrhy; ehd;Fk; ,Of;fh ,ad;wJ mwk; (Fws;.35) vd;w Fws; top Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. rkzu;fspd; E}y;fSs; mwf;Nfhl;ghLfisAk;> rkz rkaf; Nfhl;ghLfisAk; typAWj;Jk; gy gilg;Gfs; cs;sd. mtw;Ws; gy;NtW rpwg;Gfis cilajhfTk;> kdpj tho;tpw;Fj; Njitahd ew;rpe;jidfisj; njspthf czu;j;Jk; mwk; $Wk; E}y; mwnewpr;rhukhFk;. ,e;E}ypy; cs;s mwnewpf; $Wfis tpsf;Ftjhf ,t;tha;Tf; fl;Liu mikfpwJ. mwnewpr; rhuk; mwnewpr;rhuk; vDk; E}iy ,aw;wpatu; Kidg;ghbahu;> ,tu; gpwe;j Cu; Kidg;ghb> Cupd; ngaNuhL Nru;j;J Kidg;ghbahu; vd toq;fg;gLfpwhu;. mwnewpr;rhuk; mwNk jiyahaJ tPLNgwila mJNt top vd;Wiuf;fpwJ. kdpj tho;f;if Mir tag;gl;lJ nka;> tha;> fz;> %f;F> nrtp vd;Dk; Ik;Gyd;fSk; Jd;gk; juf;$bad. mg;Gyd;fis mtw;wpd; Nghf;fpy; nry;yhky; mlf;fpahz;L jttopapy; epw;gjhy; cliy xopj;J tPLNgw;iw mila KbAk;. Mirfspd; topr; nrd;why; Jd;gq;fis mDgtpf;f NeupLk;. mjdhy; kPz;Lk; gpwe;J Jd;Gw NeupL;k; vd;Dk; cz;ikfisAk;> jtNahfpfspd; ,ay;GfisAk;> ,y;ywj;jpy; cs;s ngz;fSf;F cz;lhd flikfisAk; vLj;Jf; $WfpwJ. mwTiuapd; $Wfs; mwf;fUj;Jf;fisj; jpwKld; vLj;Jf; $WgtidAk;> mf;fUj;Jf;fis kdk; nfhz;L Nfl;gtidAk; vLj;Jf; $wg;gLk; mwj;jpidAk;> mwk; ciug;gjdhy; cz;lhFk; gaidAk; rpwpJk; Fw;wk; Vw;glhj tifapy; Muha;e;jwpa Ntz;Lk;. ,tw;Ws; Vw;gLk; jtWfisf; fise;J ey;ywj;ij epiyngwr; nra;tJ xOf;fj;jhy; cau;e;jpUg;gtu;fs; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba flikahFk; vd;gij mwTiuapd; $Wfshff; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. mwk; Nfl;Fk; Kiw jhd; nrayhw;w ,ayhky; Nrhu;tilAk; Neuj;jpy; mjw;fhfg; goptUk; vd;W mr;rk; nfhs;fpwtDk;> gpwu; jd;idg; Gfo;e;Jiuf;Fk; NghJ mg;GfOiuia ntWg;gtDk;> jPar; nray;fshy; tUk; gopr; nrhy;ypy; ,Ue;J jd;idf; fhj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wtDk;> jd;dhy; ,ad;w


TdLm 59

msT gpwUf;F cjtp nra;Jk; ngupNahu;fspd; ed;ik gaf;Fk; nrhw;fisf; Nfl;L mjd; top elf;fpd;wtDk; mwE}y;fs; $Wk; fUj;Jf;fisf; Nfl;gjw;F cupatdhthd; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ey;ywj;jpd; jd;ik ey;ywj;jpd; jd;ikfshf eyk; tpistpf;Fk; mwr;nray;fis epiyNgW ciladthfr; nra;jy;> nra;af;$ba mwk;> Co;tpid Mfpatw;wpd; jd;ikfis czu;jy;> kdj;jpd; ,ay;G> cyf <LghL> tPLNgW Mfpatw;wpd; jd;ikfis czu;e;J jPik Vw;glhj tz;zk; Jd;gk; tpistpf;Fk; ghtr;nray;fis mopj;jy;> rhd;Nwhu;fspd; ey;nyhOf;fj;Jld; nghUe;Jjy; Mfpatw;iw ey;ywj;jpd; jd;ikfshf mwnewpr;rhuk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. mwTiuapd; gad; Gy;y Tiuj;jy; Gfo;jy; nghUsPjy; ey;y uptnud;W el;ghly; - nrhy;ypd; mwq;Nfs;tp ahyhk; gandd; Wiug;gu; kwq;Nfs;tp khw;wp atu;. (mw.rhuk;-10) mwnewpr;rhuk; Fwpg;gpLk; mwTiufs; kdpjid ghtr; nray;fspypUe;J tpyf;FfpwJ. gyiuAk; ed;ikailar; nra;fpwJ. <ifj; jd;ik> ew;gz;Gfs;> gyUk; ehbtUk; ey;y el;G Mfpa ew;rpe;jidfis tsu;f;fpwJ. gj;J mwq;fs; nka;k;ik nghiwAilik Nkd;ik jtklf;fk; nrk;iknahd; wpd;ik JwTilik - ed;ik jpwk;gh tpuje; jupj;jNyh bd;d mwk;gj;Jk; Md;w Fzk; (mw.rhuk;-12) cz;ik NgRjy;> ve;epiyapYk; nghWikAld; ,Uj;jy;> cau;T nghUe;jpa ngUikAld; ,Uj;jy;> jpahdk; nra;jy;> nka;> tha;> fz;> %f;F> nrtp vd;Dk; Ik;Gyd;fisAk; mlf;fpahSjy; eLT epiyikNahL ,Uj;jy;> jdf;nfd vjidAk; cupiknad;W nfhs;shky; ,Uj;jy;> ey;y nray;fisr; nra;jy;> mwKiwNahL Nkw;nfhs;Sk; tpujj;ij ,ilapNyNa iftplhjpUj;jy; vd;W $wg;gl;l mwq;fs; gj;Jk; Nkd;ikkpf;f Fzkhf miktdthFk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,sikapy; mwk; nra;f ,sik Kjw;Nfhz;L ey;y mwr;nray;fisr; nra;jy; rpwg;G. ew;nrhw;fisg; Ngrp> <if Fzk; nfhz;L> cz;ik top elj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. jPr;nrhw;fisj; jtpu;j;J md;NghL elj;jy; ew;gyd; jUk;. ,jid ey;tpijia ey;y epyj;jpy; tpijj;J ePu;g;gha;r;rp vUtpl;lhy; ew;fjpu; fpilf;Fk; vd;W mwnewpr;rhuk; ,sikr; nray; Fwpj;Jk; mjdhy; milAk; gad; Fwpj;Jk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ. ey;ywk; nra;jhy; tPLNgW fpl;Lk; mwq;fSs; jdf;F xg;Gikahff; $w ,ayhjthW cau;e;J tpsq;FtJ gpw capu;fisg; ghJfhg;gjhFk;. mjid mLj;J mwpT E}y;fis Muha;e;J kdk; mlf;fpj; jttopapy; cs;stu;fSf;F czT Kjypad toq;fpj; jhKk; cz;Zjy; vd;Dk; ,uz;L nray;fshYk; epiwthd Gfio milaKbAk;. mj;jifatid tuNtw;f thDyfk; fhj;jpUf;Fk; vd;gjpypUe;J ey;ywk; gw;wp mwpa KbfpwJ. tPLNgW xUtdplk; fhzg;gLk; ey;y elj;ijahfpa xOf;fk; mtd; fw;wwpe;j mwE}ypy; cs;sjhFk;. gpwu; fz;L ntWf;fj;jf;f fPohd nray;ghLfs; cilatDila fPo;ikf; Fzk; ey;y mwE}y;fs; gapw;rp ,d;ikiaf; fhl;LfpwJ. xt;nthU epiyapYk; NtWgl;L elf;Fk; xOf;fj;jhy; ,iwtid mila ,ayhJ. xUtd; cz;ikahf vjpYk; gw;ww;wtdhf ,Ue;jhy;


TdLm 60

mtd; tPLNgw;W cyfpid milthd; vd;W mwnewpr;rhukhdJ tPL NgW milAk; topapid vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. gpwiuAk; mwnewpg;gb elf;fr; nra;J> jhDk; mwk; jtwhJ ,y;tho;f;if tho;tjhdJ> jtrpaupd; Nehd;igtpl typikahdjhFk; vd;gjid> Mw;wpd; xOf;fp mwdpOf;fh ,y;tho;f;if Nehw;ghupd; Nehd;ik cilj;J (Fws;.48) vd;W ts;Stu; Fwg;gpLfpwhu; mwf;Nfhl;ghL Fzj;jpy; rpwe;jtu;fisj; Njbr; nrd;W mtu;fSf;F Ntz;ba nghUs;fisf; nfhLj;J cjTtJ rpwe;j mwr;nrayhFk;. ew;Fzk; epuk;gpatu;fSf;F ey;ywpT rpwe;j JizahFk;. epiy jtwhj xOf;fk; rpwe;j xOf;fkhFk;. ,k;%d;W mwf;Nfhl;ghLfSk; gopr; nrhw;fs; tuhky; tho;tjw;Fupa topfshFk;. kf;fs; gpwtp vLg;gJ mupjhdJ. mt;thW gpwe;jhYk; kf;fSf;F cs;s czu;thfpa MW mwptpidAk; ngWjy; mupjhdjhFk;. kf;fs; ,dj;jpy; gpwe;J ngw Ntz;ba MW mwptpidAk; ngw;wtu;fs; mwr; nray;fs; nra;tjpy; ,Ue;J rpwpJk; tpyfkhl;lhu;fs; vd;Wk; mNjhL mwf;Nfhl;ghl;;bd; topNa elg;ghu;fs; vd;gijAk; mwf;Nfhl;ghlhf mwnewpr; rhuk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. xUtd; jd; tho;ehspy; nra;a Ntz;ba nray; mwkhFk;. mtd; nra;ahky; fhf;f Ntz;baJ gopr; nrayhFk; vd;gjid> nraw;ghy NjhUk; mwNd xUtw;F caw;ghy NjhUk; gop (Fws;.40) vd;w Fws; top czu;j;Jfpwhu;. fy;tpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vg;gpwg; ghapDk; Vkhg; nghUtw;F kf;fl; gpwg;gpw; gpwpjpy;iy - mg;gpwg;gpy; fw;wYk; fw;wit Nfl;lYk; Nfl;ljd; fz; epw;wYk; $lg;ngwpd; (mw.rhuk;-72) kf;fshfg; gpwg;ngLf;Fk; gpwtpiag; Nghd;W ,d;gk; jUtJ NtW ve;jg; gpwtpapYk; fpilg;gJ ,y;iy vd;Wk;> vj;jifa kf;fs; gpwg;gpy; fw;f Ntz;b xz;nghUs;fisf; $Wk; E}y;fisf; fw;f Ntz;Lk;. ngupNahu; fw;wwpe;j ew;fUj;Jf;fis mtu;fsplk; Nfl;L kdj;jpy; ,Uj;jpf; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. mt;thW ngw;w rpwe;j fUj;Jf;fs; $Wk; topapy; elg;gJk; ed;ik juf;$bajhFk; vd;W fy;tpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mwnewpr;rhuk; $Wfpd;wJ. nghWik jd;id ,fo;e;J gpwu; $wf;$ba fLikahd nrhy; neUg;gpdhy; Rl;lijg; Nghyj; jd; kdj;jpy; Jd;gj;ij mjpfupf;Fk; ,ay;gpdjhFk;. Muha;e;jwpe;j mwpT vd;Dk; ePuhy; mikjpfhj;J mj;Jd;gj;ijf; fisaNtz;Lk;. mt;thW nra;thdhdhy; NtW jtq;fs; vijAk; nra;a Ntz;bajpy;iy vd;W nghWikapd; rpwg;gpid ciuf;fpd;wJ. Gyd;fspd; J}a;ik rpwg;G tha;e;j gpwtp khDlg; gpwtp. ,jd; gad; ey;topapy; <LgLjy;> ,t;top nry;y Gyd;fis xOf;f newpapy; nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. mwf; fUj;Jf;fisf; $wf;$ba ehTk; $Wtijf; Nfl;lwpahj nrtpAk; gpwd; kidtpAld; NrUk; tha;g;ig vjpu;ghu;f;fhj fz;Zk; jPik nra;jtu;fSld; $lg; gif nfhs;shky; ,Uf;Fk; ey;y neQ;rKk; rpwg;G tha;e;jjhFk;. cau;e;j Fzq;fs; nrhy;tdtw;iwf; Fw;wk; ,y;yhky; nrhy;yf; $ba jpwd; Ntz;Lk;. Jd;gk; te;j NghJ mjidf; fz;L kdk; Nrhu;tilahj nghWikf; Fzk; Ntz;Lk;. jd;id ntWg;gtu;fsplKk;


TdLm 61

Nfhgk; nfhz;L Ntw;Wik fUjhj cz;ikahd kdepiy vd;Dk; ,tw;iw Muha;e;J $Wkplj;J ,it %d;Wk; cau;e;j Fzq;fshf mwnewpr;rhuk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. jPikf; Fzq;fs; jd; kidtp jtpug; gpw ngz;fspd; Nky; tpUg;gk; nfhz;ltu;fspd; kdj;jpy; J}a;ik ,Ug;gjpy;iy. capu;fisf; fhf;fhky; mitfisf; nfhd;W mtw;wpd; khkprj;ij cz;gtu;fSf;F capiuf; fhj;jyhfpa nray; ,y;iy. vf;fhyj;jpYk; gpwUila kz;izf; ftu;e;Jf; nfhs;s tpUg;gk; cs;stdplk; mwf;Nfhl;ghL ,Ug;gjpy;iy. ngUik juhj nray;fisr; nra;J jd;idf; fhj;Jf; nfhs;s tpUk;Ggtu;fsplj;jpy; ey;y jt xOf;fk; ,Ug;gjpy;iy vd;W jPikf; Fzq;fisg; gw;wp mwnewpr;rhuk; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. mwnewpNahL tho;tijf; fhl;bYk; capUf;F ed;ik gaf;ff;$ba NtnwJTkpy;iy vd;Wk;> mwnewpiag; Nghw;whky; kwj;jiyf; fhl;bYk; NfL tpistpg;gJ Ntwpy;iy vd;gjid> mwj;JD}cq;F Mf;fKk; ,y;iy mjid kwj;jypd; Cq;fpy;iyNfL (Fws;-32) vd;W Fws; czu;j;Jfpd;wJ. epiyahikia czu Ntz;Lk; Gyd;fspd; top Jd;gk; tUk; fhyj;jpy; jd; cly; cWg;Gfs; Ie;ijAk; Xl;Lf;Fs; mlf;fpf; nfhz;L Jd;gk; neUq;fhky; Mik fhj;Jf; nfhs;fpwJ. kdj;ij mlf;fpdhy; epiyahikia czuKbfpd;wJ. ,it rptj;njhz;L nra;jiyg; Nghd;W njhlu;e;J te;J ,d;gk; jUtJ cWjpahFk; vd;gjd; top epiyahikia czu KbfpwJ. rpwe;j tho;f;if tPl;Lf;F te;j tpUe;jpdu;fisg; Nghw;wp cgrupf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,ue;J ep;w;gtu;fSf;F cjtp nra;aNtz;Lk;. cau;e;j FzKila rhd;Nwhu;fis kjpf;f Ntz;Lk;. kidtpiaAk;> Gjy;tu;fisAk; tpl;Lg; gpupe;Jr; nrd;W ey;ywpT $Wk; E}y;fisf; fw;Wk; jPa nray;fisr; nra;ahky; tho;tJ rpwe;j tho;f;if vd;W mwnewpr;rhuk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. rpwe;j mwk; tho;eh Slk;G typtdg;Gr; nry;fjpAk; J}khz; epiznthOf;fq; fhl;rpAk; - jhkhz;l cz;b nfhLj;jhd; nfhLj;jyhy; Cd; nfhilNahL xd;Wq; nfhilnahg;g jpy; (mw. rhuk;-177) rpwg;Gkpf;f cztpid toq;fpatd; MAl;fhyk;> cly; typik> vopy;> kWikg; gad;> ey;y vz;zk;> xOf;fk;> ew;fhl;rp> Kjypait fpilf;fg; ngWfpwhd;. grpj;jtu;fSf;F czT nfhLg;gij tplr; rpwe;j nfhil vJTk; ,y;iy. vdNt grpj;jtu;fSf;F czT toq;FtJ mwq;fspy; jiyikahdjhFk; vd;W mwnewpr;rhuk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. mwkhdJ rpwg;igj; juf;$baJ. mit nry;tj;ijAk; toq;fty;yJ. mjdhy; mwj;ijtpl capUf;F Mf;fk; jUtJ NtW vJTkpy;iy vd;gjid> rpwg;G <Dk; nry;tKk; <Dk; mwj;jpD}cq;F Mf;fk; vtNdh capu;f;F vd;W ts;Stu; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. mwNk cau;e;jJ ngw;wehs; ngw;wehs; ngw;wjDs; Mw;WWtnjhd;(W) ,w;iwehs; <j;Jz; bdpnjhOfy; - Rw;Wk; ,jdpy; ,NyRil fhNzhk; mjid Kjdpd; mwpilnjupAq; fhy ; (mw. rhuk;-170) nghUl;nry;tj;ijg; ngWk; Nghnjy;yhk; ngw;w nghUl; nry;tj;Jld; nra;a Ntz;ba xd;W mwk; vd;gjid czu Ntz;Lk;. mwj;jpid ,d;Nw nra;Nthk; vd;W epidj;J nghUs;


TdLm 62

,y;yhjtu;fSf;F nfhLj;Jj; jhKk; cz;L ey;topapy; thoNtz;Lk;. vy;yhtw;wpDk; mwNk cau;e;jJ vd;gij mwpa KbfpwJ. jd; tho;ehspy; gpw;fhyj;jpy; ghu;f;fyhk; vd;W js;sp itf;fhky; mwj;ij md;Nw nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mJ ,wf;Fk; fhyj;jpy; mopahj; JizahFk; vd;gjid> md;wwpthk; vd;dhJ mwQ;nra;J kw;wJ nghd;Wq;fhy; nghd;whj; Jiz (Fws;.36) vd;w Fws; top czug;gLfpwJ. mwr;nray;fs; ,ue;J ep;w;gtu;fSf;F mtu;fs; mila ,ayhj nghUs;fisf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,dpa nrhw;fis Ngr Ntz;Lk;. kdjpw;F eyk; jUk; nray;fisr; nra;tjpy; ,Ue;J gpd; thq;ff;$lhJ. rpWikj; jd;ik cila ,d;gq;fis epidj;J mtw;wpd; topr; nry;yf;$lhJ. ,j;jifa nray;fis Nkw;nfhs;tJ kPz;Lk; gpwtp vLf;fhky; ,Ug;gjw;Fupa topahFk; vd;W mwnewpr;rhuk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. KbTiu ey;ywj;ij epiyngwr; nra;tJ xOf;fj;jhy; cau;e;jpUg;gtu;fs; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba flikahFk;. xUtuplk; fhzg;gLk; ey;y elj;ijahfpa xOf;fk; mtu; fw;wwpe;j mwE}ypy; cs;sjhFk;. cz;ik NgRjy;> ve;epiyapYk; nghWikAld; ,Uj;jy;> cau;T nghUe;jpa ngUikAld; ,Uj;jy;> jpahdk; nra;jy;> nka;> tha;> fz;> %f;F> nrtp vd;Dk; Ik;Gyd;fisAk; mlf;fpahSjy; eLTepiyikNahL ,Uj;jy;> jdf;nfd vjidAk; cupiknad;W nfhs;shky; ,Uj;jy;> ey;y nray;fisr; nra;jy; Mfpad rpwe;j mwq;fshf mwnewpr;rhuk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. Nkd;iknghUe;jpa ew;fUj;Jf;fisf; $Wk; mwnewpr;rhuj;ijf; fw;Wk; gpwu; $wf; Nfl;Lk; mjd; cz;ikg; nghUs;fis mwpe;jtd; cWjpgaf;Fk; ey;y newpia mwpe;J tPLNgw;W cyfpid mila KbAk; vd;gjid ,t;tha;T fl;Liu %yk; mwpaKbfpwJ.


TdLm 63

Nkyhz;ik nghd;Dr;rhkpapd; gilg;Gfspy;

mwnewpf; $Wfs;

,uh.Kj;Jyl;Rkp KidtH gl;l Ma;thsH (KONeuk;);> jkpo;j;Jiw> muR MltH fiyf;fy;Y}hp> fpUl;bzfphp

Kd;Diu cyf ,yf;fpaq;fspy; jkpo;nkhop ,yf;fpaq;fSf;F vg;NghJk; jdpr;rpwg;G cz;L. cyf ,yf;fpaq;fs; midj;Jk; fhyj;jpw;Nfw;g ghLnghUis mikj;Jf;nfhz;lJld; ikaf; fUtpidAk; GjpJ> Gjpjhf cUthf;fpf; nfhs;fpd;wd. Mdhy;> jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; midj;Jk; vy;yhf; fhyq;fspYk; xNu ikaf;fUj;ijg; ghLnghUshf itj;J ,aw;wg;ngw;W tUk; ghq;fpidf; fhzKbfpwJ. Vnddpy; vy;yhg; gilg;Gfspy; xNu ikaf;fU ‘mwk; nty;Yk;@ ghtk; Njhw;Fk; vd;w ePjpia czHj;JtjhFk;. vdNt> mwk; vd;gJ vy;yhf; fhyq;fspYk;> vy;yhepiyfspYk; vy;NyhuhYk; cs;s ePjpf; fUj;Jfs; Nkyhz;ik nghd;Dr;rhkp gilg;Gfspy; fhzg;gLfpwd. mwnewp - tpsf;fk; r%fj;jpy; vz;zw;w kuGfSk;> epajpfSk; tof;fj;jpy; cs;sd. epajpfs; nghJkf;fspd; gof;f tof;fq;fshy; cz;lhfpd;wd. ,it mwnewp> xOf;fnewp kw;Wk; ePjpnewp Nghd;witahFk;. ,tw;iw kf;fs; jhq;fNs vspjhf gpd;gw;wpg; nfhs;fpd;wdH. mwnewpahdJ gz;ila kf;fspilNa xUtH kw;nwhUtUld;> nfhz;Ls;s cwTfspd; mbg;gilapy; Njhd;wpaJ. nra;af;$baJ> nra;af; $lhjJ> Vw;ff; $baJ> Vw;ff; $lhjJ vd;git md;iwa r%fj;jpy; kf;fs; jq;fSf;fpilapy; $l;Lf; fUj;Jf;fspd; mbg;gilapy; cUthf;fpf; nfhz;lhd;. mwnewp kuGfSk;> gof;fq;fSk; kpFe;j tYTs;sitahf ,Ue;jJ. kdpj tho;tpypUe;J mt;tho;itr; nrk;ikg;gLj;jp newpg;gLj;Jtd ,yf;fpak; MFk;. vOj;jhsd; jd; tho;tpy; my;yJ gpwH tho;tpy; ele;j epfo;TfisAk;> jhd; fz;LzHe;j tho;tpay; cz;ikfisf; fw;gidAld; fye;J Gidfij ,yf;fpakhfg; gilf;fpwhH. ,yf;fpaq;fis ehty;> rpWfij MFk;. rKjhaj;jpy; elf;Fk; epfo;Tfis mwnewpNahL vOj;jhsd; jd; gilg;Gfis gilj;Js;shH. kdpjHfs; jhk; rhHe;j r%fj;jpy; jj;jkJ tho;f;ifapid vt;tifapy; newpg;gLj;jp tho Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ Fwpj;Jk; newpg;gl;l tho;tpy; vt;tifapy; kfpo;itAk;> epiwitAk; jf;f itj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gjidg; gw;wpAk; Nkyhz;ik nghd;Dr;rhkpapd; ehty;fs; %yk; tho;tpay; nka;k;ikfis Ma;e;J ntspf;nfhzUk; Nehf;fpy; ,f;fl;Liu mikfpwJ. tho;f;ifj; Jizeyk; xU rKjhaj;jpd; mbg;gilf; $whf miktJ FLk;gkhFk;. ,e;jf; FLk;gj;jpy; fztDk; kidtpAk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gq;fshy; ,y;tho;f;if rpwg;GWk;> ,jid> njhy;fhg;gpak;> “ed;ndwpg; glUk; njhd;dyk;” vd;W $WfpwJ. ‘,dp’ vd;w ehtypy; fztd;> kidtp xw;WikAld; cioj;J tho;tpy; Kd;NdwpdH. “tPl;by; xw;Wik ,y;iy vd;why; epk;kjp ,Uf;fhJ. xU rz;il rj;jk; ,y;yhky; xw;WikahfTk;> ituhf;fpakhfTk; tho;e;jhy; ciog;gpYk;> tho;tpYk; ntw;wp ngw KbAk;” vd;gij ,e;ehtypd; %yk; mwpa KbfpwJ.


TdLm 64

NkYk;> “md;Gk; mwDk; ciljhapd; ,y;tho;f;if gz;Gk; gaDk; mJ” (Fws;. 45) vDk; Fwspd; %yk; tho;tpd; rpwg;ig czu KbfpwJ. ‘CHkz;’ vd;w ehtypy; jhioahTk; nrk;gfKk; xw;Wikf;F cjhuzk;. fztd; kidtp ,UtUk; FLk;g tho;f;ifapy; xw;WikAlDk; ,d;g Jd;gq;fis mDrhpj;Jk; tho;e;jdH. ehd; ,d;wp mts; ,y;iy. mts; ,d;wp ehd; ,y;iy vd;Dk; mstpw;F fztd;> kidtp ,UtUk; tho;e;jdH. ,e;epfo;tpid> “clk;nghL caphpil vd;dkw;W md;d kle;ijnahL vk;kpil el;G” (Fws;. 1122) vDk; Fws;top fztd; kidtpf;fhd xw;Wikia Nehf;fj;jf;fJ. khdNk nghpJ rKjhaj;jpy; thOk; xt;nthU kdpjDf;Fk; khdk; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. “cw;w tplj;jp YapHtoq;Fe; jd;ikNahH gw;wyiuf; fz;lhw; gzptNuh - fw;W}z; gpse;jpWt jy;yhw; ngUk;ghue; jhq;fpd; jsHe;J tisANkh jhd;” (xsitahH> mUs;nkhop) vDk; mbfspd; %yk; mwpa KbfpwJ. fy;J}z; kPJ mjpfkhd ghuj;ij Vw;wpdhy; mJ Kwpe;J> fPNo tpONknahopa jsHe;J> tise;J nfhLf;fhJ. mJNghy; khdKs;stHfs; jkf;F xU ,opT te;jhy; jd; capiu tpLthNu md;wp jd;idf; fhg;ghw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf khdj;ij ,of;f khl;lhH. ,jidNa> “ CHkz;” ehtypy; jhioahit rhjpapy; ,Ue;J js;sp itj;jdH. jhioahtplk; ehlhHfs; ahUk; Ngrf;$lhJ. rhjpf;fhuHfs; filapy; ruf;F thq;f KbahJ. rhjpf;Fg; ghj;jpag;gl;l ePH khiyf; fpzw;wpy; ePH ,iwf;f KbahJ. ehtpjH fpilahJ> Vfhyp fpilahJ. ,t;tsT Vd; nrj;jhy; rhjpf;Fg; ghj;jpag;gl;l RLfhl;by; Gijf;ftpl khl;lhHfs;. mij epidf;f epidf;fj;jhd; mtUs; Ntf;fhL. ,jdhy; tPl;iltpl;L ntspNa tuKbahky; jd; khdk; Nghapw;Nw vd;W tUe;jp jd; kidtpAld; NrHe;J jhioahTk; capiu tpl;ldH. tho;tpy; khdj;ij tpl NtW vJTk; nghpjy;y vd;Dk; mwj;ij ,e;ehty; %yk; czu KbfpwJ. NkYk;> “kapHePg;ghd; thohf; fthpkh md;dhH capHePg;gH khdk; thpd;” (Fws;. 969) vDk; Fwspd; %yk; khdk; nghpJ vd;gij Nehf;fj;jf;fJ. Nguhir “Mo tKf;fp Kff;fpD kho;fldPH ehop KfthJ ehdhop - Njhop epjpAq; fztD NeHgbDe; je;jk; tpjpapd; gaNd gad;” (xsitahH mUs;nkhop. 19) vDk; mbfspd; %yk; xsitahH mjpf Mir gad; juhJ vd;gij czHj;jpAs;sdH. flypy; Mokhf ghj;jpuj;ij mOj;jp vLj;jhYk; ghj;jpuj;jpd; msTf;F Nky; ePH fpilf;fhJ. mJNghy; xU ngz;Zf;F ew;FzKs;s fztDk;> nghpa nry;tKk; mika ngw;whYk; mg;ngz; jd; Co;tpidg;gbj;jhd; mDgtpf;f KbAk;. “ Kw;Wif” vDk; ehtypy; Ntyhap jd; kfshd nrhHzj;ij> jd;Dila %j;j kfspd; fztDf;Nf fl;bf; nfhLf;f Mirg;gl;lhs;. ,jdhy; kPz;Lk; Ntyhap uhzp Nghy; ,Uf;f MirgLfpwhs;. ,e;ehtypy; kz;zhirAk;> ngz;zhirAk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ehuhazrhkp jd; kidtpd; jq;ifiaNa nrhj;Jf;fhf Mirf;fhfTk; jpUkzk; nra;a Mirg;gLfpwhd;. ,it Co;tpidapd; gadhf eilngWtjpy;iy.


TdLm 65

xsitahH Nkw;nrhd;d ghlypy; fliyg; Nghy; ,iwtd; mUisAk;> ePH vLf;Fk; ghj;jpuj;ijg; Nghy; ePH vLg;gthpd; Co;tpidAk; Rl;bf; fhl;bAs;shH. ,f;fUj;jpid> “tFj;jhd; tFj;j tifay;yhy; Nfhb njhFj;jhHf;Fk; Ja;j;jy; mhpJ” (Fws;. 377) vDk; Fwspd; %yk; fhzKbfpwJ. coT njhopypd; rpwg;G Mw;wq;fiuapYs;s kuKk;> murd; kjpf;FksTf;Fg; ngUikahf tho;e;j tho;Tk; mope;J Nghfyhk;. Mdhy; coT nra;J thOk; tho;tpw;F vd;Wk; jho;tpy;iy. kw;w njhopy;fSf;F fhy khw;wj;jhy; jho;T Vw;glyhk;. Mdhy; czT jahhpf;Fk; njhopyhjjhy; coTj; njhopYf;F vd;Wk; njha;tpy;iy. ‘,dp’ vd;w ehtypy; [k;Gypq;f ehlhUk; kfhyl;RkpAk; ,uT> gfy; ghHf;fhky; cioj;J tho;tpy; Kd;Ndwpaij mwpa KbfpwJ. [k;Gypq;fk; ciog;gpy; kpfTk; nfl;bf;fhud;. VHf;fyg;ig vd;gJ tptrhak;. tptrhaj;jpd; FwpaPL xU nja;tr;rpiyiag; guhkhpf;fpw khjphp fz;fhzpg;ghd;. xU Nfhop Vwp mjd;Nky; epd;why; $l mtDf;F rfpf;fhJ. nja;tg; GytH jpUts;StH ,jw;fhf xu; mjpfhuj;ij xJf;fp coTj; njhopypd; rpwg;gpid tpsf;fpAs;shH. fPo;tUk; Fwl;ghf;fNs ,jw;Fr; rhd;whFk;. “Rod;Wk;VHg; gpd;dJ cyfk; mjdhy; coe;Jk; coNt jiy” (Fws;. 1031) “cOJz;L tho;thNu tho;thHkw;w nwy;yhk; njhOJz;L gpd;nry; gtH” (Fws;. 1033) vDk; Fwspd; %yk; mwpaKbfpwJ. kdpj tho;f;ifapy; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ ciog;G. tUe;jp cioj;jhYk; coTj; njhopNy caHthdJ. kdpj Neak; xU gilg;gpw;fhd mbg;gilj; J}z;Ljy;fspy; Kjd;ikahdJ kdpj Neak; MFk;. r%fk; mikjpahf tho;tjw;Fk;> ey;y kd epiyNahL tho;f;ifia elj;Jtjw;Fk; xt;nthU jdp kdpjDk; jd;id Nerpg;gijg; Nghy gpwiuAk; Nerpg;gNj mbg;gilf; fhuzkhfpwJ. cyfk; Nghhpd;wp thoTk; cyf kf;fspilNa md;Gj; jiof;f Vw;wj; jho;Tfs; ,y;yhnjhope;J xg;GuT epiyf;fTk; toptFf;Fk; XH cahpa Nfhl;ghl;il kdpjNeak; vd;gH. (rf;Fgha;> Ma;Tf;fl;Liu> g.167). kdpj Neag;gz;ghdJ rpwe;j gz;ghFk;. kdpj Neaj;Jld; nray;gLk; kf;fs; ,r;r%fj;jpy; kpf FiwthfNt cs;sdH. ‘Mfhar;rpwFfs;’ vd;Dk; ehtypy; ghy;r;rhkpaplk; cjtp vd;W ahH Nfl;L te;jhYk; kdpjNeaj;NjhL cjtp nra;thd;. jd; fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s ghf;fpaj;jk;kh vd;gtspd; kfDf;Fr; rhjpr; rhd;wpjo; thq;Ftjw;F gzk; Nfl;ldH. mtw;iw jl;bf; Nfl;L epahakhd Kiwapy; rhd;wpjio thq;fpf; nfhLj;jdH. ,q;qdk; ghy;rhkpapd; kdpjNeaj;ij mwpa KbfpwJ. “kz;Zyfj;jpNy capHfs;jhk; tUe;Jk; tUj;jj;ij xU rpwpnjdpDk; fz;Zwg; ghHj;Jk; nrtpAwf; Nfl;Lk; fzKk; ehd; rfpj;jpl khl;Nld;” (jpUtUl;gh> 6Mk; jpUKiw) vDk; mbfspd; %yk; ts;syhhpd; kdpj Neaj;ij mwpayhk;. njhFg;Giu ,e;jr; rKjhaj;jpy; ed;ikAk;> jPikAk; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; nra;Ak; kf;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wdH. ,e;j ,uz;Lk; fye;J fhZk; ,lk; r%fk; MFk;. xUthplk; ehk; vt;thW ele;Jnfhs;fpNwhNkh mNj Nghy;jhd; mtHfSk; ek;kpilNa ele;J nfhs;thHfs; vd;w fUit ikakhf itj;Jg; gilg;ghsH gy fijfisg; gilj;Js;shH. rKjhaj;jpy; tho;f;ifj; Jizeyk;> khdNk nghpJ> Nguhir> ciog;gpd; rpwg;G> kdpjNeak;> Nghd;w tho;tpd; mwnewpf; $Wfis Nkyhz;ik nghd;Dr;rhkpapd; ehtypd; %yk; ntspg;gLfpwJ vd;gJ ,f;fl;Liuapd; fUj;J MFk;.


TdLm 66

gad;gl;l E}y;fs; 1. Nkyhz;ik nghd;Dr;rhkpapd; ehty;fs; 2. ghpNkyofH ciu> jpUf;Fws; 3. xsitahH> mUs;nkhop 4. njhy;fhg;gpak; 5. ts;syhH> jpUtUl;gh (Mwhk; jpUKiw) 6. rf;Fgha;> Ma;Tf;fl;Liu


TdLm 67

Nghh;f;fhy ,yf;fpaq;fspy; mwk;

F.gtpj;uh

Kidth;gl;l Ma;thsh;> jkpo;j;Jiw> kNdhd;kzpak; Re;judhh; gy;fiyf;fofk;> jpUney;Ntyp

,yf;fpak; rpwe;j tho;f;;iff; Fwpf;Nfhshd mwj;ijf; fhl;LtJ. kdpj tho;f;ifia ikakhff; nfhz;L> kdpjdpd; czh;Tf;Fk; rpe;jidf;Fk; fw;gidf;Fk; tpUe;jhf miktJ ,yf;fpakhFk;. rq;ffhyKjy; jw;fhyk; tiu gy;NtW ,yf;fpaq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;tpyf;fpaq;fs; xt;nthU kdpjDk; tho;tpy; gpd;gw;w Ntz;ba Kiwfis vLj;Jf;$Wtjhf mike;Js;sd. kdpjd; vt;thW thoNtz;Lk;> vtw;iw gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;> vtw;iw gpd;gw;wf; $lhJ vd;Wk; ,yf;fpaq;fs; topahf typAWj;jg;gLfpd;wd. fhye;NjhWk khwpAk; tsh;e;Jk; te;jpUf;fpd;w ,yf;fpaq;fis mwnewp topelj;jpr; nry;fpwJ. jw;fhyj;jpy; ehty;fspy; mwf;$Wfs; vt;thW mike;Js;sd vd;gijAk; ,yq;if cs;ehl;Lg; Nghiug; gw;wp ntspte;Js;s ,yf;fpaq;fs; %yk; Nghhpy; mwq;fs; gpd;gw;wg;gl;ljh vd;gij Muha;tNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. mwk; nghUs; mwk; vd;gJ ey;y gz;ig czh;j;JtJ. ePjp tOthj; jd;ikia Fwpg;gpLk; nrhy;. mwk; vd;gjw;F jh;kk;> Gz;zpak;> xOf;fk;> jtk;> Nehd;G> rkak; vd;w nghUSk; cz;L. NkYk; mwk; vd;gjw;F newp> top> nrt;tpa ,aw;ifg;Nghf;F Nghd;w nghUz;ikfspy; jkpopyf;fpag; ngUk;gug;gpy; ifahsg;gl;L tUfpwJ. xU kdpjf;FO jdf;Fs; cUthf;fpf;nfhs;Sk; newpfs;> ,Wjpahf tFj;Jf; nfhz;l elj;ijfs;;> nra;af;$bait> nra;af;$lhjit> nra;Nj Mf Ntz;bait Mfpad mlq;fpaJ mwkhFk;. kdpj r%fj;jpy njhd;Wnjhl;L kuG topahf te;jit mwq;fs;. ,t;twq;fs; kdpj xOfyhWfspd; Nghf;FfspypUe;J fz;lwpag;gl;lit ,yf;fpaq;fshf vOjpitf;fg;gl;ld. NkYk; ,it rl;lq;fshy; ,y;yhky; kuGfshfTk; nefpo;thditahfTk; mikfpd;wd. ,yf;fpaq;fspy; mwk; kdk;> nkhop> nka;fis jPa newpapy; nry;ytplhky; jLj;J ey;y newpapy; epWj;j ek; ,yf;fpaq;fs; JizGhpfpd;wd. fy;tpiaf; fhl;;;;;;bYk; rpwe;jJ mwxOf;fNk. Mjyhy; mwXOf;fj;jij fw;W mjd; top tho Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfNt ,yf;fpaq;fs; gilf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,yf;fpaj;jjpd; Nehf;fk; mwxOf;fk; vd;w ,yf;fpid ,ak;GtNj ,yf;fpakhFk;. fhye;NjhWk; khWk; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; ghLnghUspy; mwf;$Wfs; kl;LNk khwhky; gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;wd. vdNt kdpjid ey;topg;gLj;JtJk; tpyq;fpypUe;J kdpjid NtWgLj;JtJk; mwNkahFk;. mwnthOf;fj;ij Neubahf czh;j;jhky;> fw;gtUk; Nfl;gtUk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; tifapy; kiwKfkhfTk; czh;j;jg;gLfpwJ. xU fijia nrhy;yp mjd; %ykhf mwg;gaidAk; mwj;jpw;F khWgl;L ele;jth; va;Jk; Jd;gj;ijAk; ntspg;gLj;jp mwNk NkyhdJ nty;Yk; vd;Wk; czh;j;jyhk.; rq;f fhyj;jpy; md;G> mUs;> fUiz> Nghh; Nghd;wtw;wpy; mwxOf;fNk filgpbf;fg;gl;lJ. “,d;gKk; nghUSk; mwDk; vd;whq;F” vd;gJ njhy;fhg;gpa Ehw;gh. r%f newpfis mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk; vd %d;whf gFj;Jf;$WtJ jkpoh; kuG. rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; ,t;Tyfpy; thOk; midj;J caph;fSk; ,d;gj;ij jOtp epw;Fk; vd;gJk; ,d;g Efh;r;rpf;F Njitg;gLk; nghUs; mwnewpapy; ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;gJk; gz;ilj;jkpophpd; tho;tpay; mwnewpahff; $wg;gLfpwJ. ,t;tpyf;fpaq;fs; mfg;nghUs; ,yf;fpaq;fs;> Gwg;nghUs; ,yf;fpaq;fs; vd;W


TdLm 68

,Utifg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. mf,yf;fpaq;fs; jiytd; jiytpw;fpilNa fsT> fw;G tho;f;ifiag; gw;wp NgRfpwJ. Gw,yf;fpaq;fs; Nghh; gw;wpa nra;jpfisg; gw;wp NgRtjhf mike;Js;sd. ntl;rp> tQ;rp> copiQ> Jk;ig> thif> fhQ;rp> ghlhz; Mfpa VO jpizfSs; fhQ;rp> ghlhz;jpizfisj; jtpu Ie;J jpizfSk; Nghh; njhlh;ghdit. fhye;NjhWk; Nghhpy; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;ld. ,j;jifa Nghhpy; mwk; vd;gJ gpd;gw;wg;glNtz;ba xd;whFk;. Nghh;f;fhy ,yf;fpaq;fspy; mwk; jw;fhy ,yf;fpaq;fshd ftpij> fij> ehty; Nghd;wtw;wpYk; ,yq;if cs;ehl;Lg;Nghiug; gw;wpa nra;jpfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;tpyf;fpaq;fs; Nghh; vt;thW eilngw;wd vd;gijAk; Nghhpdhy; Vw;gl;l ,og;Gfisf; $WtjhfTk; mike;Js;sd. 1980 fs; njhlq;fp 2009 tiu eilngw;w ,yq;ifapy; Vw;gl;l cs;ehl;Lg; Nghiug; gw;wpa ,yf;fpaq;fs>; Nghh;g; gpd;dzpapy; tphpthd fhyj;ijAk; epfo;ntspfisf; nfhz;L ehty;fs; ntspte;Js;sd. ,t;tpyf;fpaq;fisg; Nghh;f;fhy ,yf;fpaq;fs; vd;W tifg;gLj;jyhk;. ,itg; Nghiug;gw;wp tpsf;Fk;;;; tpkh;rdk; nra;Ak;. ,jd; %yk; Nghhpy; mwk; gpd;gw;wg;gl;ljh vd;gij Muha Ntz;Lk;. Nghh; Kbe;j gpwF Njhd;wpa ,yf;fpaq;fs; Nghh;f;fhyj;ijAk; NghUf;F gpe;ija tho;itAk; Gyk; ngah;e;j epiyiaAk; Kd;itg;gjhf ehty;fs; mike;Js;sd. mitahtd tpky;Foe;ijNtypd;- frfwzk;> rae;jdpd;- MwhtL> kw;Wk; Mjpiu> jkpo;f;ftpapd; - Copf;fhyk;> Fzftpaofdpd; - eQ;Rz;lfhL> tplNkwpa fdT> mg;ghy; xU epyk;> n]h;kpsh n]a;apj;jpd; - ck;kj; MFk;. ,e;ehty;fs;; Nghhpdhy; Vw;gl;l tpisTfisAk; NghuhdJ mwk; kPwp eilngw;wjhfTk; NkYk; kdpjDila tho;f;ifia khw;wpajhfTk; tpsf;FfpwJ; tpkh;rdk; nra;fpwJ. ,yq;ifapy; rpWk;ghd;ik ,dkhf tho;fpd;w jkpoh; ,dk; jdf;nfd jdpehL Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf Nghuhba epiyiaf; $Wtjhf mike;Js;sJ. ,g;Nghuhl;lj;jpy; gy;NtW jkpo; ,af;fq;fs; <Lgl;ldh;. ,yq;if ,uhZtg;gilf;Fk; jkpo; ,af;fq;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa Nghh; Vw;gl;lJ. ,Wjptiu Nghhpy; tpLjiyg;Gypfs; vd;w jkpopaf;fNk epiynaLj;J epd;wJ. 2009 Mk; Mz;L Ks;sptha;f;fhypy; ,yq;if ,uhZtg;gilf;Fk; tpLjiyg;Gypfs; gilf;Fk; eilngw;w cr;rf;fl;l Nghhpy; ,yq;if ,uhZtk; ntw;wpg;ngw;wjhf mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. tpLjiyg;Gypfs; ,af;fk; Njhy;tpaile;jjhf mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ . Nghh;KiwfSk; tpjpfSk; fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; khwpf;nfhz;Nl tUfpd;wd. thisAk; <l;biaAk; nfhz;L NghhpLk; Nghh;Kiwfs; xUtpjk;. Jg;ghf;fpiaAk; gPuq;fpiaAk; nfhz;L Nghhpl;l Kiw ,d;ndhU tpjk;. Nghhpd; tuyhw;iw Nehf;Fk;NghJ jdpkdpj mwj;jpypUe;J khwp mg;ghtp kf;fisf; nfhd;W Ftpg;gNj Nghhpd; ,yl;rpakhfp ,Uf;fpwJ. mjpYk; Nghh; Fw;wq;fspd; jd;ikAk; ek;ik eLq;fr;nra;fpwJ. ,uhZtk; vd;gJ ehl;ilf; fhg;ghw;WtJ> Njrj;ijg; ghJfhg;gJ vd;w fUj;Jf;fs; ,Ue;jhYk; ,yq;if cs;ehl;Lg; NghuhdJ kf;fSf;F rPuopit Vw;gLj;Jtjhf mike;Js;sJ. ,g;Nghhpdhy; nfhiy> cWg;Gfisr; rpijj;jy;> ghypay; ty;YWT> nghUshjhu ehrk; kw;Wk; Gyk;ngah;T Nghd;wit Vw;gl;;ld. tpky;Foe;ij Ntypd; frfwzk; ehtypy; ,dr;rpf;fy;, MAjg;Nghuhl;lk;> Vo;ik ngz;fSf;F Vw;gl;l Jauq;fs;> jkpo;-K];ypkpd; neUf;fkhd tho;f;if ,af;fq;fspd; tUifahy; rpije;jijf; $Wtjhf mike;Js;sJ. NkYk; ,e;ehty; mg;ghtp kf;fSf;F Vw;gl;l gLnfhiyfs;> jhf;Fjy;fs;> #iwahly;fs;> ,lg;ngah;Tfs;> fl;lha ntspNaw;wq;fs;> fhzhky; Nghjy; Nghd;w tpisTfis glk;gpbj;Jf; fhl;LfpwJ. rae;jdpd; MwhtL ehty; ,e;jpa mikjp fhf;Fk; gil ,yq;iff;F nrd;w fhyj;ij ikakpl;L vOjg;gl;lJ. ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; ,yq;iff;F nrd;wjhy; jkpoPo kf;fSf;F Vw;;gl;l vjph;ghh;g;Gk; Mdhy; vjph;ghh;g;Gf;F khwhf ,e;jpa ,uhZtj;jhy; kf;fSf;F Vw;gl;l tpisTfSk; mt;tpisTfs; Vw;gLj;jpa typAk; tLf;fSk; gw;wp NgRfpwJ. mikjpg;gil epfo;j;jpa ghypay; ty;YwTfisAk; Nghhpdhy; ,lk;ngaUk; neUf;fbfisAk; nrhy;fpwJ. rae;jdpd; kw;nwhU ehtyhd Mjpiuapy; td;dpg;ngUepyj;NjhL xd;wp thoe;jth;fspd; tho;T> Gjpa gpwg;Gfs; [Puzpf;f Kbahj ,wg;GfNshLk; MAjg;Nghuhl;lj;jpd;; vOr;rpiaAk; tPo;r;rpiaAk; NgRtjhf cs;sJ. jpahfq;fSlDk; ,og;Gfs; mh;g;gzpg;Gg; gzpg;GfSld; tPukuzq;fs; vd gyfl;l <o tpLjiy Nghuhl;lkhdJ gy;NtW fhyq;fspy; cl;fhl;rp


TdLm 69

gLnfhiy> rNfhju ,af;f gLnfhiy vd;w kw;nwhU jpirapy; nry;fpwJ. <og;Nghhpy; ,lk;ngWk; gLnfhiyfs;> nfhLe;Jauq;fis rhkhd;a kf;fspd; rhl;rpaq;fshf ,f;fij FWf;F tprhuiz nra;fpwJ. Fzhftpaofdpd; Kjy; ehtyhd eQ;Rz;lfhL tpUg;gkpy;yhky; ,af;fj;jpw;FVw;gl;l xUtdpd; gapw;rpf;fhy mDgtj;ijAk; ,af;fj;jpy; fLikahd gapw;rpfs;> murpay; tFg;Gfs; vd tpsf;FfpwJ. fhjy; FLk;g cwTfshy; cz;lhFk; vz;zq;fs; kdpjiu Nghuhl;lj;jpypUe;J ntspNaw;WfpwJ vd;gij czh;j;Jtjhf mike;Js;sJ. <o tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; <Lgl;l tpLjiyg;Gypfspd; ,uhZt mikg;ig $Wtjhf mike;Js;sJ. ,uz;lhtJ ehtyhd tplNkwpa fdT Nghuhspfspd; kdepiyiar; nrhy;Yk; ehty;. Gdh;tho;T Kfhk; vd;w xd;W ,Ue;jij mwpKfg;gLj;jp Nghhpy; <Lgl;l Nghuhspfs; kw;Wk; mg;ghtp kf;fis ifJ nra;J tprhhpj;jiyAk; fLikahd rpiw tho;T Nghd;wtw;iwAk; $WfpwJ. Gdh;tho;T Kfhkpy; mbg;gil trjpfs; ,y;yhikiaAk; $WfpwJ. Gdh;tho;tpypUe;J jg;gpf;Fk; jpl;lk;> mbiaAk; cijiaAk; jhq;fpf; nfhz;L thOk; epiy> ,Wjpapy; jq;fspd; ,yl;rpakhd jdpehLf; Nfhhpf;if tplNkwpa fdthf ,Ue;jij czh;j;JfpwJ. Fzhftpaofdpd; mg;ghy; xU epyk; vd;w ehtypy; NtT eltbf;ifia ikakhff; nfhz;L ,aw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ. Xahj miyfs; 02 vd;w eltbf;if%yk; fpspnehr;rp efiu Gypfs; ntw;wpf;nfhz;l me;j NghUf;F NjitahdJ NtT eltbf;if. ,e;j NtTf;FO vt;thW jdJ Ntiyiar; nra;J mjd;%yk; ntw;wp ngw;wijAk; $WfpwJ. <oj;jkpoh;fspd; MAjj; jhq;fpa Nghuhl;lk; kw;Wk; Nghhpdhy; Vw;gl;l tpisTfs; NtTf;F Njitahd jpwik> NtTf;Fg; NghFk; NghJ Vw;gLk; tPur;rhTfisAk; fhl;LfpwJ. ]h;kpsh n]a;apj;jpd; ck;kj; vDk; ehty; ngz;fs; Nghuhspahf khwpa gpd;dzpfis $WfpwJ. <og;Nghuhl;lj;jpy; Mz;fs; kl;Lkpy;yhky; ngz;fSk; <Lgl;ldh; vd;gij ,e;ehty; top mwpayhk;. jq;fSf;nfd jdp<ok; Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zj;jpy; tpUg;gj;jpd; Nghpy; ngz;fs; Nghhpy; <Lgl;ldh;. rpyh; tWikapd; NghpYk; fl;lhaj;jpd; NghpYk; Nghhpy; <Lgl;ldh;. Nahfh vd;w ngz; tWikapypUe;J tpLgLtjw;fhf ,af;fj;jpw;F nrd;W Nghuhspahfpwhs;. r%f Nrit nra;Ak; ngz;zhf jtf;Fy; vDk; ,Ryhkpag; ngz; fhzg;gLfpwhs;. ,k;%d;W ngz;fspd; topahf ngz;fSk; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; <Lgl;lij mwpa KbfpwJ. NkYk; Nghh; ,th;fspd; tho;f;ifia vt;thW khw;wpaJ vd;gijAk; Nghhpdhy; ngz;fSf;F cz;lhd ghjpg;Gfis ]h;kpsh n]a;apj; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. ,t;thW Nghh; vt;thW ,Ue;jJ vd;gijAk; Nghhpy; mwk; gpd;gw;wg;glhky; epiwa ,og;Gfs>; cwitg; gphpe;J cs;ehl;bNy mfjpfshf khWk; epiy> Gyk;ngah;tpy; Vw;gLk; rpf;fy;fs;> Gyk;ngah;e;J ntspehLfspy; thOk; #oy;> mq;F Vw;gLk; nghUshjhu gz;ghl;L rpf;fy;fisAk; $Wtjhf mwpaKbfpwJ. nkhj;jj;jpy; ,yq;if cs;ehl;Lg; Nghhpy; mwr;nray;fs; gpd;gw;wg;glhikNa NguopTf;F fhuzkhf mikfpwJ vd;gij ,yf;fpaq;fs; top mwpayhk;. ghh;it Ehy;fs; 1. tpky;Foe;ijNty;> frfwzk;> fhyr;RtL gjpg;gfk;> [_iy 2011. 2. rae;jd>; MwhtL> jkpopdp> brk;gh; 2011. 3. rae;jd>; Mjpiu> jkpopdp> etk;gh; 2015. 4. Fzhftpaofd;> eQ;Rz;lfhL> mfy; gjpg;gfk;> 2015. 5. Fzhftpaofd;> tplNkwpa fdT> mfy; gjpg;gfk;> Nk 2015. 6. Fzhftpaofd;> mg;ghy; xU epyk;> jkpopdp> [dthp 2016. 7. ]h;kpsh n]a;apj;> ck;kj;> fhyr;RtL gjpg;gfk;> etk;gh; 2014.


TdLm 70

gjpw;Wg;gj;jpy; mwnewpf; $Wfs;

f.Rkjp

cjtpg;Nguhrpupah;> jkpo;j;Jiw> ghujpahh; fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; kfspu; fy;Yup jiythry; Mj;J}u;

gjpw;Wg;gj;jpy; mwnewpf; $Wfs; ,yf;fpaq;fs; kdpj tho;tpaiy vLj;Jf;$w ty;yJ. kf;fSf;F mwpTWj;JtNjhL> top elj;JtJk;> kfpo;tpg;gJk; ,yf;fpaq;fs; vdpy; kpifahfh. ,it kl;Lkpd;wp tuyhw;W %yq;fshfTk; nray;gLfpd;wd> mt;tifapy; jkpopd; jkpoHfspd; milahskhf gz;ghl;bd; fUt+ykhf jpfo;td rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs;. mt;tpyf;fpaq;fspy; xd;whd gjpw;Wg;gj;jpy; fhzyhFk; mwnewpf; $Wfis vLj;Jf; $WtNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. mwk;-tpsf;fk; mwk; vDk; nrhy;ypw;F mfuhjpapy; gy;NtW tpsf;fq;fisfhz Kbfpd;wJ. ,Ug;gpDk; vt;Tapw;f;Fk;> vf;fhyj;Jk; jPiknra;ahJ> newpKiw jtwhJ fUizNahL cjTk; tpjj;ijAk;> Kd;NdhH flid ngDjYk;khfpa ey;newpfs; midj;ijAk; mwk; vdr; Rl;lyhk;. “mwnkdg; gLtJ mye;jtHf;F cjTjy;" vd fypj;njhifapd; $w;Wk; ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. gjpw;Wg;gj;J -E}w;Fwpg;Gk; rpwg;Gk; gjpw;Wg;gj;J vl;Lj;njhif E}y;fspy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s GwE}y;fspy; xd;W. njhFj;jtH njhFg;gpj;jtH gw;wpa nra;jpfs; mwpag;gltpy;iy> gjpfj;jpw;F gj;Jg;ghly;fs; tPjk; gj;Jg; gjpfq;fspd; njhFjpahjypd; gjpw;Wg;gj;J vdg; ngw;wJ xt;nthUgj;jpd; njhlf;fj;jpYk; xUgjpfk; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. mg;gjpfj;jpy; ghbatH ghlg;gl;ltH Fwpj;j nra;jpfs; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. ,e;E}ypd; Kjw;gj;Jk; ,Wjpg;gj;Jk; fpilf;fg; ngwtpy;iy. ,j;njhif E}y; NruHfspd; tuyhw;Wr; nra;jpfs;> fy;tpj;jpwk;> kdj;jpd;ik> Gfo;> <if> giltd;ik> NghHtypik> FbNahk;gy; Kiw> Ml;rpj;jpwd; vd Nru kd;dHfspd; rpwg;gpid vLj;Jf;$Wk; ghlhz;jpiz rhHe;j ew;gZty;fshFk;. ,e;E}ypid gjpg;gpj;jtH c.Nt.rhkpehja;aH. ciu vOjpatH R.Jiurhkp gps;isahthH. ghlg;gl;ltHfs;-ghbatHfs; 2 k; gj;J J} ,katuk;gd; J}Fkl;^H fz;zdhH 3 k; gj;J J} gy;ahidnry;nfOFl;Ltd; J}ghiyf; nfsjkdhH 4 k; gj;J J} fsq;fha;f;fz;zpehHKbr;Nruy;J}fhg;gpahw;Wf; fhg;gpadhH. 5 k; gj;J J} fly;gpwNfhl;banrq;Fl;Ltd; J}guzH 6 k; gj;J J} MLNfhl;ghl;Lr;Nruyhjd; J}fhf;ifg;ghbdpahH 7 k; gj;J J} nry;tf;fLq;Nfhthopahjd; J} fgpyH 8 k; gj;J J}jf^Hvwpe;jngUQ;Nruy; ,Uk;nghiw J}muprpy;fpohH 9 k; gj;J J},sQ;Nruy; ,Uk;nghiw J} ngUq;Fd;W}Hf;fpohH. gjpw;Wg;gj;jpy;mwnewpfs; grpg;gpzpNghf;Fk; jd;ik NruHfs; jd;id ehbtUk; ghzHfSf;Fk;> GytHfSf;Fk;> ,utyHfSf;Fk; kl;Lky;yhJ ntw;wpf;F toptFf;Fk; giltPuHfSf;Fk; Cd; cztpidAk;> fs;spidAk; thup toq;fp tpUe;jspj;j fUiz cs;sk; nfhz;ltHfshf jpfo;e;jdH vd;gij.


TdLm 71

“ tapWgrp $u tPayd; “ (2 k; gj;J 10-tJghly;) tUdHtiuahHthuNtz;b tpUe;Jfz; khdh J}zP,aghrtH Cdj; jopj;jthdpdf; nfhOq;Fiw “ Fa;apUNjhWkhdhjhHg;gf;" (3 k; gj;JKjy;ghly; ) vDk; gjpw;Wg;gj;jpd; tupfs; njspTgLfpd;wd . Nrukd;dd; cjpad; Nruyhjd; ghujg; Nghupy; tPuHfSf;F ngUQ;NrhW nfhLj;Jjtpaij “ngUQ;Nrhw;WkpFgjk; tiuahJnfhLj;Njha;“ vDk; GwehD}w;W tupAk; ,jid Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. kd;gijfhj;jy; kf;fis ghJfhg;gJmurHfspd; ,d;wpaikahmwnewpfSs; xd;whFk;. ,jid> “ kd;gijfhg;gtwpTtypAWj;J ed;wpcs;sj;Jrhd;Nwhud;depd; “ (8 k; gj;J 2 k; ghly; ) vDk; ghly; tupfs; top mwpayhk;. “ Kiwnra;Jfhg;ghw;Wk; kd;dtd; kf;fl;F ,iwnad;Witf;fg; gLk;" vd jpUf;FwSk; kf;fisfhg;ghw;Wk; murd; ,iwtDf;F epfuhdtd; vd;gij typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. <jy; Nru kd;dHfs; ehs;NjhWk; jtwhJ nfhLg;gjpYk; Fiwtpd;wp toq;FtjpYk; rpwe;jtHfshf ,Ue;jdH vd;gij “ ,utyHGd;fz; jPuehnlhWk; ciurhdd;fyk; tiutpytPrp" (6 k; gj;J 4 k; ghly; ) vDk; gjpw;Wg; gj;jpd; tupfshy; Gydhfpd;wJ. kwj;jpDk; mwk; gifehl;LFbfisAk; thor; nra;j ngUik kpf;ftH vd;gij “ gLgpzk; gpwq;f E}wpg; giftH nfLFbgapw;wpanfhw;wNte;Nj" (7 k; gj;J 9 k; ghly; ) vDk; tupfSk;> jpiug;nghUs; nfhLj;jirtHfisAk; fhg;gJ jd; fld; vd epidj;J Nghw;wpatH Nru kd;dHfs; vd;gij “ ghLrhdd;fye; j&ck; ehLGwe; jUjdpd;f;FkhHflNd" (6 k; gj;J 9 k; ghly; ) vDk; tupfSk; njspTgLj;Jfpd;wd> ,jpypUe;JNrukd;dHfspd; ,ay;Gk; Gyg;gLfpd;wd. mUs; cs;sk; vt;TapUf;Fk; mUSk; jd;ik nfhz;ltH vd;gijAk;> jQ;rk; mile;jtHfis ghJfhg;gjpy; rpwg;Gw;wpUe;jdH vd;gijAk; “ Ie;Jld; Nghw;wpaitJizahf vt;te; #ohJtpsq;fpanfhs;iff;" vDk; ghly; tupfs; top mwpaKbfpd;wJ. tha;ik giftHfsplKk; Ngha; $whJ> giftHfspd; ,fo;r;rpf;F nrtpkLf;fhJ mwE}y;fs; fhl;Lk; newpKiwg;gb murhz;ldH vd;gjw;F


TdLm 72

“ eifapdk; ngha;ahtha;ikg; giftH GwQ;nrhw; Nfshg; Giuj; nuhz;ikg;" (7 k; gj;J 10tJ ghly;) vDk; gjpw;Wg;gj;jpd; ghly;tupfs; rhd;whfpd;wd. Kd;NdhHfld; mwnewpfspy; Kf;fpagz;ghf fUjg;gLtJ Kd;NdhH flid rpwg;Gw nra;tjhFk;. mt;tifapy; nry;tf; fLq;Nfhthopahjd; Kd;NdhH flid Kiwg;gb nra;jtd; vd;gij

“ ,se;Jizg; Gjy;tupd; Kjpag;Ngzpj; njhy;fldpWj;jnty;Nghuz;zy;" (7 k; gj;J 10 k; ghly;)

vDk; ghly;tupfs; njuptpf;fpd;wd. rhd;whz;ik nrukd;dHfs; jPikiaePf;fp> gpwiu Jd;GWj;jhJ> gpwHnghUistpUk;ghJ> nrk;iknewp epd;W gyUf;F gFj;jspf;Fk; ghd;ikNahL> tpsq;fpaij

“ gpwHgpwHeypahJNtw;Wg;nghUs; Nta;fhJ ikapywptpdHnrt;tpjpdle;Jk; mkHJidg; gpupahJghj;Jz;Lkhf;fs;" (3 k; gj;J 2 k; ghly;)

vDk; ghly;tupfSk;> ngupNahiu Nghw;wpAk;> klNthiu xUj;Jk; mNjNeuj;jpy; rpwpNahiu Gwf;fzpf;fhJ ,Ujpwj;jhiuAk; ifahSk; rhd;NwhHFzj;jpy; rpwe;J Muha;e;J mwpe;J nray;gl;ldH vDk;nra;jp

“ ngupNahHg; Ngzpr; rpwpNahiuaspj;jp epdtapw; gpupe;jey;ypirfdtpDk;" (8 k; gj;J 9 k; ghly;)

vDk; ghly; topGyg;gLfpd;wJ. jd;epiy khwhj;jd;ik ,ug;gtHf;F nfhLg;gjw;fhf iffs; ftpONkmd;wp ,uj;jw;nghUl;L Nrudpd;if jho;tjpy;iy. jq;fs; ehl;by; ,ug;gtHfs; ,y;yhjnghOJ gpwehLfspy; ,Ue;J ,utyHfis NjNuw;wp nfhzHe;Jte;J cgrupf;Fk; gz;gpidngw;wtHfshfTk; jpfo;e;jdH vd;gjidAk;

“ey;ykHf; fle;jepd; nry;Ywo;jlf;if ,ug;NghHf;Fj; ftpj ,y;yijapiu,a kyHgwpahntdf; Nfl;bFkpdpNa" (6 k; gj;J 2 k; ghly;)

“ thuhuhapDkputyHNtz;bj; Njupw; we;jtHf; fhw;gjdy;Fk;" (6 k; gj;J 5 tJghly;)

vDk; nra;As; tupfs; njspTgLj;Jfpd;wd. KbTiu mf;fhykd;dHfs; midtUk; ,ay;ghfNt guprpyHf;Fk; ghzHfSf;Fk;> GytHfSf;Fk; tiuahJ toq;fpdH. vd;gij goe;jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs;top mwpaKbfpd;wJ. mt;tifapy; Nrukd;dHfSk; mr;rPHikapy; khwhjpUe;jdH vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ. grpg;gpzpNghFjy;> kd;gijfhj;jy;> <jy;> giftiug;NgZjy;> mizj;J capHfisAk; Nghw;Wk; fUizcs;sk;> tha;ik> KdfpdhH fld;> Muha;e;Jnray;gLk; rhd;whz;ikFzk; Nghd;w mwnewpfis filg;gpbj;J Ml;rpGupe;jdH vd;gJk;> murHfshf,Ug;gpDk; mwnewpfhj;jy; ,d;wpaikahJ vd;gJk; ,f;fl;Liuapd;top Gydhfpd;wJ.


TdLm 73

jpdkzpapy; ,isQh;kzp Fwpg;gpLk; tho;tpay; mwnewpf;$Wfs;

tp.rpe;J

Kidth; gl;l Ma;thsh; KONeuk;> jkpo;j;Jiw muR kfsph; fiyf; fy;Y}hp> fpUl;bzfphp

“,UspypUe;J ntspr;rj;jpw;F tUtJjhd; tho;tpd; Nehf;fk;” - Rfp.rptk;

tho;f;if vd;gJ tuk;. mg;gb fpilj;jpUf;Fk; tuj;ij rpwe;jKiwapy; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. fly; Nghd;W gue;J fplf;fpwJ tho;f;if. fiuNkhJk; miyfspy; fhy; eide;jTld; tho;itg; Ghpe;J nfhz;ljhf epidf;fpwJ kdpj kdk;. tho;f;if vd;gJ neUf;fbfspd; njhFg;G. gy jilfisf; fle;J jhd; xt;nthU glFk; fiu Nru Ntz;bAs;sJ. tho;tpy; Vw;gLk; jilfisj; jfh;j;njwpa xt;nthhU kdpjDf;Fk; Cf;fk;> jd;dk;gpf;if> ijhpak;> tplhKaw;rp> czh;r;rp Nkyhz;ik Nghd;wtw;iw je;J tho;tpy; kf;fis Nkk;gl itf;fpwJ ,isQh; kzp. tho;f;if gpwg;gpw;Fk; ,wg;gpw;Fk; ,ilapy; CryhLtJ my;y kdpj tho;f;if. kdpjd; jd; tho;ehspy; Mw;w Ntz;ba filikfs;> eilKiwg;gLj;j Ntz;bat tho;tpay; mwq;fs; epiwa cs;sd.

“tho;f;if vd;gJ mfd;W tphpe;J Mok; nfhz;bUf;Fk; gpukhz;lkhd rKj;jpuk; Nghd;wJ” (tho;tpay; fiy g.58)

vDk; thpfs; r%fj;jpw;F Xh; cj;Ntfj;ij mspf;fpd;wJ. tho;f;ifj; jpwd; gbg;G kl;Lk; ,Ue;jhy; ntw;wp tpise;J tpLtjpy;iy. tho;f;ifj; jpwd;fs; mtrpak;. rpyh; gs;spg; gbg;ig Kbf;fhky; epWtdq;fspy; nrk;ikahf epiwa gbj;jth;fSf;F Ntiy tha;g;G toq;Ffpd;wdh;. nghpa epWtdq;fis cUthf;fpa rpyh; th;j;jf Nkyhz;ikia gbf;fhjth;fshf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. gbj;jth;fs; mth;fsplk; if fl;b Ntiy nra;a NehpLfpwJ. Njhy;tpfis Nerpg;Nghk; Mg;ufhk; ypq;fd; kfdpd; MrphpaUf;F vOjpa fbjj;jpy; Vkhw;Wtijtijtpl Njhw;gJ nfsutkhdJ vd;Wk;> Njhw;Fk; NghJ vg;gb nfsutkhf ele;J nfhs;tJ vd;W Nghjpf;Fk;gb Ntz;LNfhs; tpLf;fpwhh;. vy;yhj; Njhy;tpfSk; mw;gkhditay;y. ehk; vy;NyhUk; ntw;wpia tpUk;GfpNwhk;. rpfuj;ijr; Nrh;e;jhy; fpilf;Fk; mq;fPfhuk;> ghpR> ghuhl;L Nghd;wit ek;ik gutrg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ntw;wp ngw;w xUth; vijg; gw;wp NgrpdhYk;; rKjhak; mij mg;gbNa Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpwJ. rkPgj;jpy; ftpQh; ituKj;J fy;Y}hp tpohtpy; fye;J nfhz;lhh;. mg;nghOJ ftpij thrpf;Fk; #oy; Vw;gl;lJ. mtUf;F Kd;dhy; xU khztd; ftpij thrpj;jhd; me;j ftpijf;F vt;tpj ifjl;lYk; cw;rhf tuNtw;Gk; ,y;iy. gpd;dh; ftpQh; ituKj;J ftpij thrpf;f te;jTld; mt;tuq;fNk mjpUk; tifapy; ifjl;ly; Xir kpFe;jpUe;jJ. gpd;dh; ehd; thrpj;j ftpij vd;DilaJ md;W. vdf;F Kd;dh; te;J thrpj;j khztDilaJ. mk;khztd; thrpj;j ftpij vd;DilaJ vd;W $wpdhh;. jhd; thrpj;j ftpijapd; mq;fPfhuk; me;j khztidr; rhUk;. mJ me;j khztd; ciog;gpd; rpe;jidahy; tpise;jit. ,e;j cyfpy;


TdLm 74

gpugyq;fs; kl;LNk Gfo; ngWfpd;wdh;. kw;wth;fs; jpwik ,Ue;Jk; gpd;js;sg;gLfpwhh;fs;. ,e;j r%f #oy; khw;wk; mila Ntz;Lk; vd;W mt;tuq;fpy; ftpQh; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ Muhaj;jf;fit.

“ Njhy;tpf;F Nky; Njhy;tp te;jhy; Njhy;tpNahL NghuhL Njhy;tpf;Nf...... Njhy;tp tUk; tiu...! (,isQh;kzp)

vd;Dk; thpfs; tplhKaw;rpapd; Nkd;ikia kpFtpf;fpd;wJ. ntw;wp ntw;wp xUtdplk; mjpf ek;gpf;if Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. Njhy;tpiaj; jhq;fpg; gpbf;Fk; rf;jpiaf; nfhLf;fpd;wJ. Kaw;rp nra;J nfhz;bUg;gtd; ntw;wpapd; rpfuj;ij vl;b gpbg;ghd;. vy;NyhUk; nrd;w ghijapy; nrd;W ,yf;if miltijtpl ehk; xUghij cUthf;fp mjd;topr; nry;tJ rpwe;jJ.

“vg;nghOJk; eP rhjpf;f KbAk; vd KZKZf;fpwhNah mg;nghONj eP rhjid Nfhl;ilf;Fs; rhjpf;fg;gjw;fhfj; js;sg;gLfpwha;..! (ehspjo;)

,t;thpfs; ,isQh;fsplk; rhjpg;gjw;fhd kdce;Jjiy Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. ntw;wp ngwhjth;fspd; Njhy;tpia tpl Njhy;tp ngwhjth;fspd; ntw;wp Mgj;jhdit. ,j;jhf;fj;jpw;F Ml;gLgth;fs; ntw;wpAk; Njhy;tpAk; xU ehzaj;jpd; ,Ugf;fk; Nghd;wJ. ,uz;ilAk; rhprkkhfg; ghtpf;Fk; czh;it tsh;j;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. cw;rhfg; gazk; gazk; khw;wj;jpw;fhd toptFf;fpwJ. tho;f;if kfpo;r;rpahf khw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;F tpjtpjkhd mDgtq;fs; Njitg;gLfpd;wd. ,isQh;fs; ek;gpf;ifNahL tho;it Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F epiwa gazq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ez;gh;fNshL Nrh;e;J kpjptz;b gazk;> kiyeil gazk;> mUq;fhl;rpafk; Nghd;w ,lq;fSf;F nry;Yk; nghOJ clYk;> cs;sKk; Nkk;gLk;. gazq;fs; ,lh;ghL Vw;gLk; mtw;iw vg;gb rkhspf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w Kjph;r;rpia Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. ,aw;ifNahL ,iae;J tho;fpd;w mDgtj;ij jUfpwJ. ,aw;ifapd; Kd;dhy; ek; gpur;rpid mZittplr; rpwpaJ vd;w njspit cz;lhf;fpwJ. typfisj; jhq;FNthk; ngw;Nwhh;fs; Foe;ijfis jpl;LtJk;> td;ikahff; fz;bg;gJk; jtph;f;f Ntz;Lk;. Foe;ijfs; nra;Ak; Fw;wq;fis gf;Ftkhf ehfhpfkhd Kiwapy; eakhfr; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;. Fiwiaj; jdpg;gl;l KiwapYk; ghuhl;il gyh; Kd;dpiyapy; $w Ntz;Lk;. ,it Foe;ijfsplk; xU nkd;ikahd czh;itAk;> ngw;Nwhh;fsplk; mutizg;igAk; Vw;gLj;Jk;. cly; typfisj; jhq;fpf; nfhs;fpwth;fs; $l kdtypikiag; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;s Kbtjpy;iy. ek;iktpl mLj;jth;fs; Kf;fpak; vd;W epidf;fpw NghJ kfpo;r;rp gyp nfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,d;ndhUth; ek;ik gw;wp ,y;yhjijAk;> nghy;yhjij nrhd;dhy; mjw;fhfehk; mtkhdg;gl Ntz;bajpy;iy. cz;ikahd mtkhdk; ek;kplk; ,Ue;J cUthf Ntz;Lk;. rpd;d tajpy; ,Ue;J typiag; nghpJgLj;jhj #oiy cUthf;fpdhy mjw;fhf kdk; cilfpw tof;fk; Jsph;tplhJ. typfisj; jhq;Fk; NghJ tho;f;ifapy; ehk; vz;zpaijr; rhjpf;f KbAk;. ,uhZtj;jpy; Nghhpd;NghJ fhiy ,oe;jth;fs; typ Fwpj;J mjpfkhf myl;bf;nfhs;tjpy;iy. mjw;Ff; fhuzk; caph; kpQ;rpaNj vd;fpw epk;kjp.

“vijNah Njb! vq;NfNah Xb! gy jilfisf; fle;J gy jpirfspy; ghijfs; jLkhwp jlk;Guz;L tPo;tjw;fhf my;y XLtjw;fhf....! vd; ghijia Nehf;fp....!” (ehspjo;)


TdLm 75

Vkhw;wk;> Gwf;fzpg;G> Njhy;tp> mtkhdk;> cjhrPdq;fs;> epuhfhpg;Gfs;> fhj;jpUj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iw re;jpj;J tsUk; NghJ Foe;ijfspd; kdtypik ghjpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. typAk; xU Kf;fpakhd mDgtk;. rphpg;igg; Nghy fz;zPUk; Njitahd xd;W. mOFk; NghJ Jauj;jpdhy; clypy; cz;lhFk; urhadg; nghUl;fs;; fz;fs; topahf ntsptUfpd;wd. typfisj; jhq;Ffpwth;fs; tuyhW gilf;fpwhh;fs;. epiwthf • Njhy;tp ngWtJk; tho;f;ifapd; Xh; mk;rk;. ek;iktpl jFjpahdth;fs; ngWk; ntw;wpiaj;

nfhz;lhl fw;Wj; jUfpwJ ,isQh;kzp. • tho;tpy; Vw;gLk; gy;NtW ,d;dy;fis vt;tifapy; vjph;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. jilfs; tUk;

NghJ mtw;iw jfh;j;njwpe;J tho;tpd; cr;rj;jpw;F nry;y toptif nra;fpwJ. • gazk; FOthf Nrh;e;J nray;gLjy;> xj;Jioj;jy;> tpl;Lf;nfhLj;jy; Nghd;w jpwd;fis

tsh;f;fpwJ. gazk; Nkw;nfhs;gth;fs; kdhPjpahf Nkk;gLfpwhh;fs;. ,aw;ifNahL ,ize;J thOk; mDgtj;ij gazq;fs; jUfpd;wd.

• ,isQh;fsplk; czh;r;rp Nkyhz;ik ey;topg;gLj;JfpwJ jd;Dila rpe;jid vOj;Jfshy; tUq;fhy r%fj;ij rpw;gkhf nrJf;Ffpd;wJ ,isQh;kzp.


TdLm 76

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; ngz;fspd; r%f epiy

jp.rpth

cjtpg; Nguhrpupau; = tpj;ah ke;jpu; fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; fy;Y}up> fhl;Nlup> Cj;jq;fiu

Kd;Diu jkpo;nkhop tuyhw;wpy; njhd;ikahd ,lj;ijr; rpyg;gjpfhujpfhuk; ngWfpd;wJ. kf;fspd; tho;tpay; newpfis czu;j;Jk; xg;gw;w fhg;gpakhfg; Nghw;;wg;gLfpd;wJ. ‘neQ;ir ms;Sk;’ rpyg;gjpfhuj;ij ,sq;Nfhtbfs; gilj;Jg; ngUik Nru;j;Js;shu;. rq;fk; kUtpa fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa ,f;fhg;gpak; mwg;Gul;rpf;F xU vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghfg; ngz;fspd; nray;ghL rpyk;gpy; mjpfkhfNt ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. fhg;gpag; ngz;fs; jq;fSila tho;f;ifiag; gy gupkhdq;fspy; Kjd;ikg;gLj;jpf; fhl;bAs;sdu;. ,y;ywk; njhlq;fp nghJtho;f;if vdg; gy epiyfspy; mq;fPfhug; gLj;jpAs;sijg; ghu;f;f Kbfpd;wJ. fhg;gpaq;fspy; ngz;fspd; epiyg;ghL vj;jd;ikapy; mike;Js;sJ vd;gij ,f;fl;Liuapy; njspthf mwpayhk;. fhg;gpak; czu;j;Jk; Fykfspu; Fykfspu; fw;Gila ngz;fshff; fhg;gpaj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sdu;.,y;yw newpapidj; jtwhJ Ngzp Nghw;wp te;Js;sij fhzKbfpd;wJ. FLk;gk; vd;w mikg;ig Vw;W nry;gtu;fshf tFf;fg;gl;bUe;jdu;. ,aw;if rk;gtq;fisj; jLj;J epWj;Jk; jd;ik nfhz;ltu;fshff; fhg;gpaj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sij mwpa KbfpwJ. milf;fyf;fhij> nfhiyf;fsf;fhij vd;w ,U fhijfspYk; Fykfspu; ,y;ywr; rpwg;G njspthff; $wg;gLfpwJ. ,y;ywj;ij top elj;j ngz;fSf;Fj; Njitahd trjpfs; nra;J nfhLf;fg;gl;ld. Fyj;ijg;Ngzp ghJfhg;gJ gw;wp gy mwf;fUj;Jf;fs; ngz;fSf;F Xjg;gl;lJ. jk;ik ehbtUk tpUe;jpdu; mwNthu; Nghd;Nwhiu cgrupj;J tho ,y;ywnewp czu;j;jg;gl;lJ vd;gijj; njupe;J nfhs;s KbfpwJ.

‘‘ fUg;Gepiy ePjpapdhy; fy;ehl;l NtZka;ah uhrfw;G ePjpapdhy; nfhs;splq; fyehl;l NtZka;ah’’ 1

,r;nra;jpiaf; fijg;ghlypy; fhzKbfpwJ. fhtpup miz fl;Lfpd;wNghJ ngUf;nfLf;Fk; Cw;W ePiu fw;Gila ngz;fshy; kl;LNk jLj;J epWj;j KbAk; vd khrhj;jhd; $Wthd.; MfNt fw;Gila ngz;fSf;F ,aw;ifAk; nja;tKk; fl;Lg;gLk; vd;gijf; Nfhtyd; fijg;ghlypy; ghu;f;fpNwhk;. Fykfspu; mwNthiuAk; tpUe;jpdiuAk; cgrupj;J tho jq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ldu;. jk; Fyg;ngz;fs; nghd;> nghUs; ngw;W ,d;Gw;W tho tif nra;ag;gl;lJ. ngupNahupfs; ngz;fSf;Fr; nry;tq;fisf; nfhLj;Jj; jdpf;Fbj;jdkhf tho top mikj;Jf; nfhLj;jdu;. ‘‘tpUe;J Gwe;j&ck; ngUe;jz; tho;f;ifAk; NtWgL jpUtpd; tPW ngwf;fhz’’ 2 vd;gijr; rpyk;G typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. ,J Nghd;Nw fz;zfpAk; FLk;g newpiaf; filgpbj;J tho;f;if elj;jpdhs;. vl;bapd; kidtp gl;bdpahy; thLfpd;w Nehd;gpfSf;F cztspj;j nra;jpia mwpa KbfpwJ. Fykfspu; ,y;yw newpapy; jq;fis cl;gLj;jp fw;Gila ngz;fshf ,lk; ngw;Ws;sijg; Gupe;J nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ.


TdLm 77

rpyk;G typAWj;Jk; nghJkfspu; nghJkfspu; nry;thf;F fhg;gpaq;fspy; mjpfkhfg; Ngrg;gLfpd;wJ. nghJ kfspuhd guj;ijau; rpyk;gpy; ngUk; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sdu;. jhk; tpUk;gpa MltUld; ,Uf;Fk; cupik ngw;wpUe;jdu;. ,isau; jpupAk; njUtpy;; khiyia tpiy $wp Mltiug; ngWk; Kiw ,Ue;jJ. fhg;gpaj;jpy; guj;ijau; GiuNahbg;Nghd Xu; mq;fkhf jpfo;e;Js;sijg; ghu;f;f KbfpwJ. jdf;Fupatidj; jk; tpUg;gg;gbj; Nju;T nra;Jf;nfhs;Sk; cupik ,Ue;jJ. rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; ,w;guj;ij> fhjw;guj;ij vd guj;ijau;fspd; epiyg;ghL mjpfkhf ,Ue;Js;sJ. kdq;ftu;e;j kzthsidj; jk; kidf;F mioj;Jf; fztd; Nghd;W itj;J tho;e;J te;jdu; vd rpyk;gpy; mwpayhFk;. ‘‘nghUl; nghUshu; Gd;eyk; Njhahu; mUl;nghUs; MAs; mwptpdu;’’ 3 vd;W guj;ijau; epiyiaf; Fws; typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. jkf;Fj; Njitahd nghUis miltjpy; Fwpf;Nfhshf ,Ue;jdu;. ,g;ngha;ahd ,d;gj;jpidr; rhd;Nwhu;fs; tpUk;gkhl;lhu;fs;. vd;gijf; Fws; czu;j;JfpwJ. Fwpg;ghf guj;ijaupd; nray;ghL tpupe;jpUe;jJ vd;gijf; $wyhk;. fiy Mu;tk; mjpfkhf mtu;fsplk; ,izag;ngw;wpUe;jJ. rpWtajpy; ehl;bak; fw;W ‘jiyf;Nfhyp’ vd;w gl;lj;ijg; ngw;wdu;. Mz; kfNdhL gy tpohf;fspy; fye;J nfhz;ldu;. nghJ kfspiu ehbtUk; Mltuplk; nghUs; ,y;yhj #oypy; mbj;Jj; Juj;jp tpLtijf; fijg; ghly;fspy; %yk; njupe;J nfhs;sKbfpwJ. guj;ijau; r%fk; ,yf;fpaq;fspypUe;J fhg;gpak; tiu GiuNahbar; r%fkhf tpsq;fpAs;sdh;. rpyk;gpy; mwpahyhFk; ngz; topghL fhg;gpaj;jpy; ngz; nja;t topghL ngz;fis ikag;gLj;jpNa Ngrg;gLfpd;wJ. ngz; nja;tq;fis tzq;Ftjd; %yk; jq;fSila ,y;ywKk; FyKk; ngUFk; vd;w ek;gpf;if fhg;gpaq;fspy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. jq;fisj; jPikapypUe;J tpLtpj;J ed;ik cz;lhf;Fk; vd;gjpy; cWjpahf ,Ue;Js;sdu;. ngz; nja;tq;fshd ,af;fp> Iia> kzpNkfiy> jPf;flTs;> fly;nja;tk;> kJuhgjpj; nja;tk; vdg; gy nja;tq;fis topgl;L te;Js;sij mwpa KbfpwJ. ngz;izj; nja;tkhfTk; fd;dpahfTk; cUtfg;gLj;jpf; $WtJ kpfg; goq;fhy kughf cs;sJ. ,k;kuG rpyk;gpYk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ngz; topghLk; G+jtopghLk; rpyk;gpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.

‘‘ grpAk; gpzpAk; gifAk; ePq;fp trpAk; tsDk; Ruf;f’’ 4

grpAk; gpzpAk; gifAk; ePq;fp tsk; ngw;w tho kwf;Fb ngz;bu; Muthuj;NjhL G+jtopg;ghl;bidf; nfhz;lhbdu;. ngz;fs; fztNdhL tho;tjw;Fg; gy Nehd;gpid Nkw;nfhz;ldu;. ,g;G+j topg;ghl;bidg; gopj;Jg; NgRtjhy; ehsq;fb G+jk; Jd;GWj;Jk; vd ek;gpdu;. %lek;gpf;ifapy; jq;fis <LgLj;jpf; nfhz;lijf; fhzKbfpwJ. ngz; kf;fspd; tpisahl;;L nghJthf kfspu; Mly;> ghly; Nghd;wtw;wpy; mjpf <LghL nfhz;bUg;gijg; gy ,yf;fpaq;fspy; ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;. mJ NghyNt fhg;gpaq;fspy; ngz;fSf;F Mly;> fiyAzu;r;rp> mjpfkhfNt ,Ue;Js;sJ. ngz;kf;fs; jk; NjhopfNshL tpisahb cs;sijf; fhg;gpaj;jpy; mwpayhk;. kJiu khefug; ngz;bu; itfiwg; nghOjpy; ,d;Gw;Wg; gy nghOJ Nghf;F tpisahl;Lfis Mb kfpo;e;Js;sij mwpAk;NghJ ngz;fSf;Ff; fiyj;Jiwapy; mjpf <LghL ,Ue;jpUg;gij ek;khy; czuKbfpwJ. jk; fhjyNdhL $b Gdy; tpisahl;bid Mb kfpo;e;jdu;. vd;gijr; rpyk;G top njupe;Jnfhs;s KbfpwJ.

‘‘Fd;wf; FuitnahL nfhbr;rpau; ghlYk; ntd;wpr; nrt;Nts; Ntyd; ghzpAk; jpidf;FW ts;isAk; Gidj;njO tpspAk;’’ 5


TdLm 78

Fd;wf;FuitAk; nfhbr;rpau; MlYk; ntw;wp nghUe;jp Ntydpd; ntwpahlYk; ,ize;J ghb Mb kfpo;e;jdu;. Nruehl;Lf; FwkfspUk; Nrhoehl;L kfspUk; Mb kfpo;e;Js;sijr; rpyk;gpd; %yk; czu Kbfpd;wJ. ngz;fspd; mzpfyd;fs; rpyk;gpy; mzpfyd;fspy; rpwg;G tpupthfg; Ngrg;gLfpd;wJ. Mjpfhyj;jpy; FwpQ;rp epy kf;fsplj;jpy; mzpnra;Ak; tof;fk; ,Ue;Js;sijr; rq;fg; ghlyfspy; mwpa KbfpwJ. cly; KOJk; fhjzp> fOj;jzp> ,Lg;gzp> ifazp vd gy mzpfyd;fis mzpe;J moFg;gLjpf; nfhz;ldu;. khiyg; nghOjpy; kq;fy kfspu; tpsf;Nfw;Wk; gof;fk; mike;jpUe;jJ. mzpfyd; G+z;lJ moFf;Fk; kjpg;gpw;FKupaJ kl;Lkpd;wp> rpy rkaq;fspy; ek;gpf;ifiag; nghWj;Jk; mzpag;gl;L tUfpd;wd. rpyk;G> Nkfyhguzk;> kq;fy mzp> Fz;lyk;> Kj;jhuk;> xl;bahzk;> fyhgk;> tpuprpif nts;sp> nghd;fhg;G Mfpatw;iwg; ngz;fs; mzpe;jpUe;jdu;. ‘‘xU fho; Kj;jnkhL cw;wij vtd;nfhy; jpq;fs; Kj;J mUk;Gk; rpWF ,il tUe;jTk; ,q;F ,it mzpe;jdu; vd; cw;wdu; nfhy;’’ 6 rpyk;gpy; ngz;fspd; mzpfyd; gw;wp $wg;gLfpwJ. xw;iwtl Kj;JkhiyAk; Kj;J mUk;G Nghd;w mzpfyd;fisj; jq;fs; Nkdpapy; ,l;L moFg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L ,d;Gw;W ,y;yw tho;f;ifiaf; fspj;jdu; vd;gij mwpa KbfpwJ. ngz;fspd; murpay; <LghL ngz;fspd; nray;ghL vy;yh epiyapYk; Kjd;ikg;gLj;jpNa mike;Js;sJ. mJNghd;Nw murpay; Mu;tk; mjpfk; ,Ue;jijr; rpyk;G top czuKbfpwJ. kd;dDf;F kf;fsplj;jpy; ,Ue;j <LghL Nghd;Nw ngz;fSf;Fr; rKjhaj;jpd; kPJ mjpf gw;W ,Ue;jJ. murpay; EZf;fk; xUq;Nf ngw;wpUe;j Nte;ju;fs; ngz;fsplj;jpy; murpay; MNyhridf; Nfl;Ls;sijf; fhg;gpaq;fspy; mwpa KbfpwJ.

‘‘capUld; nrd;w xU kfs; jd;dpDk; nrapUlk; te;j ,r;Nrapio jd;dpDk; ed;Djy; tpaf;Fk; eyj;Njhu; ahu;’’ 7

fw;gpd; fdyhy; jPNahiu mopj;J mUs; Nehf;fy; ey;Nyhiuf; fhj;J rKjhaj;jpy; gj;jpdpfs; tho top nra;jts; fz;zfp. mg;gj;jpdp flTSf;F topghL nra;jy; vd;gJ Nghw;WjYf;F cupajhFk;. topghL gw;wp nrq;Fl;Ltdpd; kidtp Ntz;khs; $wpAs;shu;. mJNghd;Nw ghz;ba kd;ddpd; kidtp Fw;wk; Gupe;jtu;fSf;Ff; fLikahd jz;lidAk; tprhuizAk; toq;fpAs;sijf; fhg;gpaj;jpy; ghu;f;f Kbfpd;wJ. ngz;fspd; nray;Kiw vy;yh epiyfspYk; Kjd;ikg;gl;Ls;sij czu KbfpwJ. KbTiu rpyg;gjpfhuj;;jpy; ngz;fspd; epiyg;ghL vy;yhj; jd;ikapYk; cau;e;J ,Ug;gijf; fhzKbfpwJ. md;iwag; ngz;fs; vy;yh mwq;fisAk; nry;tq;fisAk; ngw;W ,d;Gw;W tho;e;jijf; fhg;gpak; thapyhfg; Gupe;Jnfhs;s KbfpwJ. ,sq;Nfhtbfs; ngz; kf;fspd; Nkd;ikiaj; njspthf gilj;Jf; fhl;bAs;shu;. ,y;;ywk; vd;w mikg;G njhlq;fp murpay; tiu jdJ gjptpidf; fhg;gpaj;jpy; gjpj;Js;sij Nehf;f KbfpwJ. MltUf;F ,izahfj; jq;fis epiyg;gLj;jpf; fhl;bAs;sijj; njspthf czu Kbfpd;wJ. mbf;Fwpg;G 1. Nfhtyd; fij g. 61 2. rpyg;gjpfhuk; fh. 86-87 3. jpUf;Fws; - 914 4. rpyg;gjpfhuk; fh. 72-73 5. NkyJ fh. 24-25 6. NkyJ fh. 70-72 7. NkyJ fh. 107-109


TdLm 79

jkpopyf;fpaq;fs; fhl;Lk; mwnewpf; $Wfs;

jpUkjp.F.nr.ru];tjp>vk;.V.>vk;;.gpy;.>vk;.vl;.> [UGC-NET] gFjpNeu Kidth; gl;l Ma;thsh;> jkpo;j;Jiw

gr;irag;gd; kfsph; fy;Y}up> fhQ;rpGuk

Kd;Diu jkpopyf;fpak; mfk;> Gwk; gw;wp mike;jdthFk;. <uhapukhz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng jkpopyf;fpak; ,yf;fz> ,yf;fpag; ghFghLfshy; nropj;J fhye;NjhWk; gy;NtW tsu;r;rpg; gbepiyfisg; ngw;W tsu;e;J tUfpd;wJ. Mz;> ngz; kdTzu;Tfisg; Gyg;gLj;Jtjhf mfg;ghly;fs; mike;Js;sd. Gwg;ghly;fs; gz;ilj;jkpou; ,d;gpay; tho;f;ifia tiuaWj;J tPuk;> nfhil Nghd;w Gwg; gz;GfisAk;> mwnewpfisAk; vLj;jpak;GfpwJ. mt;tifapy; jkpopyf;fpaq;fspy; fhzyhFk;; mwnewpf; $Wfisg; gw;wp Muha;tjhf ,f;fl;Liu mikfpwJ. gz;ila ,yf;fpaq;fs; Gwj;Nj Njhd;Wk; fhl;rpfisAk; mfj;Nj Njhd;Wk; fUj;JfisAk; Gide;J epd;W etpy;njhWk; ,d;gk; jUk; mopahj moF Xtpaq;fs; “ gz;ila ,yf;fpaq;fs;” MFk;. mf;fhyj; jkpou;fs; fhjiyAk;> NghiuAk; jk; ,U fz;fshfg; Nghw;wpdu;. rq;fg; ghly;fshd gj;Jg;ghl;Lk;> vl;Lj;njhifAk; mfj;ijAk; Gwj;ijAk; ghLtd Mapd. rq;fg; Gyth;fs; “ahk; ngw;w ,d;gk; ngWf ,t;itafk;” vd;Dk; rpwe;j Fwpf;Nfhspd; mbg;gilapy; ekf;fspj;j ghly;fs; fly; NfhSf;Fk;> fiwahDf;Fk;> fhy nts;sj;jpw;Fk; vQ;rp epd;w ghly;fNs rq;fg; ghly;fshf cs;sd vd;W tuyhw;W mwpQu;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;. gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs; rq;fk; kUtpa fhyj;Jj; Njhd;wpa gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fis “ePjpE}y;fs;” vd;Wk;> “mw E}y;fs;” vd;Wk; miof;Fk; fUj;J kpfTk; nghUj;jKilaJ. Gjpndl;L E}y;fspy; gd;dpuz;L E}y;fs; mwj;ijAk; vQ;rpa MW E}y;fs; ePjpAld; $ba mfTzu;Tg; ghly;fshfTk; ghbAs;sikiaf; fhzKbfpwJ. rq;fk; kUtpa fhyj;J E}y;fis epidtpw;nfhs;Sk; tifapy; “ehyb ehd;kzp ehdhw;g ije;jpizKg;@ ghy; fLfq; Nfhitgonkhop - kh%yk;@ ,d;dpiy fhQ;rpAlNdyhjp nad;gNt@ ife;epiyNahlhq; fPo;f;fzf;F” vd;Dk; ntz;gh gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fis mwpe;jpl cjTfpwJ. rq;ffhyj;jpy; jkpo; kf;fSf;F fy;tp fw;Fk; tha;g;G kWf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. mJrkak; kf;fis ey;topg;gLj;j tpUk;gpa jkpo;r; rhd;Nwhh;fs; xNu xU nrhy;ypy;> xNu xU njhlupy; fhjpy; tpOe;J neQ;rpy; epw;Fk; tpjkhf mw ,yf;fpaq;fisg; gilj;jspj;jdh;. ,jid “CUld; giff;fpd; NtUld; nfLk;” -nfhd;iw Nte;jd;-6 > “Fw;wk; ghh;f;fpd; Rw;wk; ,y;iy” -nfhd;iw Nte;jd;-18 vd tUk; vspa njhlh;fshy; mwpaKbfpwJ. mwnewpAk; mwptpaYk; ey;yJ vJ nfl;lJ vJ vd;gij mwpe;Jnfhs;Sk; jpwd; Foe;ijfspd; taJ> fy;tp> Rw;Wr; #oy; Mfpatw;why; mikfpwJ. ,jpy; fy;tp vd;w ,lj;jpNyNa mw ,yf;fpaj; Njhw;wKk;> gq;Fk; njhlq;Ffpd;wd. ,JFwpj;j Ma;T Kbtpid “,yz;ld; jp nlapyp nlyfpuhg;” vd;Dk; ,jo; ntspapl;lJ. mjhtJ Foe;ijfs; MW tajpNyNa ey;yth;fSf;F ey;yJ nra;aj; Jbg;gijAk;> nfl;lth;fisf; fz;L ntWg;gijAk; Muha;r;rp KbTfs; ntspg;gLj;jpaJ.


TdLm 80

,k;Kbtpid Nguhrpupah; fud;tpd;> Nguhrpupah; ghy;GSk; MfpNahh; jk; Nrhjid %yk; cWjpg;gLj;jpAs;sdh;. jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; mwnewpfs; rq;f ,yf;fpakhfpa vl;Lj;njhifapy;; Ie;J E}y;fs; mfj;ijAk; ,uz;L E}y;fs; Gwj;ijAk; xU E}y; mfKk; GwKk; rhu;e;jitfshfg; gFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mtw;Ws; GwehD}Wk;> gjpw;Wg;gj;Jk; Gwg;nghUis mbnahw;wpa gy;NtW mwnewpf; fUj;Jfis tpsf;Fk; ePjp ,yf;fpaq;fshfg; Nghw;wg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. “Ke;ijapUe;J el;Nlhu; nfhLg;gpd;@ eQ;Rk; cz;gu; edpehfupfu;” (ew;wpiz-355:6-7) vd;W ew;wpizAk;> “ gz;ngdg; gLtJ ghlwpe;J xOFjy;” (fypj;njhif-133:8) vd;W fypj;njhifAk; caupa Fwpf;Nfhis typAWj;Jfpd;wd. NkYk; xUtDf;F xUj;jp vd;w cau;thd mwnewpf; nfhs;ifia

“,k;ik khwp kWikahapDk; ePahfpau; vd; fztid ahdhfpau; epd; neQ;R Neu;gtNs” - FWe;njhif-49:3-5

vd;w FWe;njhifg; ghlybfs; rKjha mwj;jpw;F ey;ynjhU vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf mike;J> rpwe;j tho;tpay; mwj;ij typAWj;jp Nghjpf;fpd;wJ. Iq;FWE}W Iq;FWE}W tho;tpaYf;Fk; cyfpaYf;Fk; ,iae;j gy ey;y fUj;Jfis tpsf;Fk; tifapy; rpwe;J tpsq;FfpwJ. ,jid “ney;gy nghypf nghd;ngupJ rpwf;f” @ “tpisf taNy tUf ,utyu;” @ “ghy;gy CWf gfLgy rpwf;f” @ giftu; Gy;yhu;f ghu;g;ghu; XJf” @ “ grpapy;yhFf gpzp Nrz; ePq;Ff” @ “Nte;J tif jzpf ahz;L gy ee;Jf” @ mwk; edprpwf;f my;yJ nfLf” (Iq;FWE}W-Ntl;ifg;gj;J:1-7) vd;Dk; ghlybfs; tay;fspy; mjpfg;gbahd ney; tpise;J nry;tk; ngUfp jk;ikj; Njb tUk; ,utyh;fSf;F nfhLj;J cjTk; <if mwj;ijf; fhl;LfpwJ. jha;g; gRtpw;F ghy; Cw Ntz;Lk;> cOk; vUJfs; ngUf Ntz;Lk;> jha;> gifth; ,we;J ghh;g;ghh; Xjpj; jUk; Gy;Yzit cz;z Ntz;Lk; vd;w nghJ mwf; fUj;Jfisf; fhzKbfpwJ. ,t;Tyfpy; grpg;gpzp> gif ePq;fp mwnewpfs; rpwf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij typAWj;jp mikfpd;wd. GwehD}W rq;fg; ghly;fs; mwj;NjhL $ba ePjpia epiyehl;b epw;fpd;wd. rq;f fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dh; Njhd;wpa ghly;fSk; ePjpiaNa epiyehl;ba jd;ikiaf; fhZifapy; nghJik mwkhf epd;W cytpa jd;ikia mwpaKbfpwJ. ,jid

“epyk; ngaupDk; epd; nrhw;ngauhy;” -GwehD}W-3:14 “tho;jy; Ntz;bg; ngha; $Nwd;@ nka; $Wty;” -GwehD}W-139:5-6 “mw newp Kjw;Nw murpd; nfhw;wk;” -GwehD}W-55:10 “epyk; Gil ngau;tjhapDk;> xUtd; nra;jp nfhd;Nwhu;f;F ca;jp ,y;” -GwehD}W-34:5-6

vd;Dk; ghlybfshy; ,t;Tyfpy; caph; tho Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf ,t;Tyj;ijNa jUfpNwd; vd;whYk; tha;ikiaf; iftplf; $lhJ> xUtd; nra;j ed;wpia kwe;Jtplf; $lhJ vd;Dk; cah;e;j mwnewpr; rpe;jidfis mwpaKbfpwJ. NkYk; Nghu;f;fsj;jpYk; nrk;khu;;e;j ePjpia epiyehl;ba ngUkf;fs; gz;ilj; jkpo; kd;du;fs; vd;gij>

“MTk; Mdpay; ghu;g;gd khf;fSk; ngz;bUk; gpzpAilaPUk; Ngzpj; ………………………………… mwj;jhW EtYk; G+l;ifAk;” -GwehD}W-9:1-6


TdLm 81

vd;w nel;bikahhpd; ghly; topNa gz;ilf;fhyg; Nghh; mwj;ijf; fhzKbfpwJ “ney;Yk; capud;Nw@ ePUk; capud;Nw kd;dd; capu;j;Nj kyu;jiy cyfk;” -GwehD}W-186:1-2 “vt;top ey;ytu; Mltu; mt;top ey;iy thopa epyNd” -GwehD}W-187:3-4

Mfpa ghlybfs; %yk; cyf caph;fisf; fhg;gJ ney;Yk;> ePUk; kl;Lky;yhJ> kd;dDk; xOf;f newpepd;W ey;yhl;rp nra;a Ntz;Lk;> Mlth;fs; ey;topapypUe;J cyfj;ij Mf;fk; ngwr;nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; mwnewpfisAk; mwpaKbfpwJ. NkYk; fy;tpia Nghjpf;Fk; FUtpw;F cupa cjtpfisr; nra;J fw;Fk; mwnewpia>

“cw;Wop cjtpAk; cWnghUs; nfhLj;Jk; gpw;iw epiy KdpahJ fw;wy; ed;Nw” -GwehD}W-183:1-2

vd;w ghlybfs; fy;tpapd; rpwg;igAk;> fw;f Ntz;ba NjitiaAk; epidT+l;LfpwJ. NkYk; jdf;nfd thohJ gpwu;f;nfd thONthu; xU rpyuhtJ ,Ug;gjdhy;jhd; ,t;Tyfk; epiy ngw;Ws;sJ vd;w $w;W flYs; kha;e;j ,sk; ngUtOjpapd; rpe;jid epidf;Fe;NjhWk; neQ;ir nefpo;tpf;fpd;wd. ,jid

“cz;lhy; mk;k> ,t;Tyfk;-,e;jpuh; mkpo;jk; ,iatjhapDk;> ,dpnjdj; ……………………………………….. gpwu;f;nfd KaYeu; cz;ikahNd” -GwehD}W-182:1-9

vd;Dk; ghly; topNa jdf;nfd thohky;> gpwu;f;nfd tho;tNj ngUikiaf; nfhLf;Fk; vd;w mwnewpr; rpe;jidia ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

“ahJk; CNu ahtUk; Nfspu;@ jPJk; ed;Wk; gpwh; ju thuh” -GwehD}W-192:1-2

vd;Dk; GwehD}w;Wg; Gytd ; fzpad; G+q;Fd;wdhupd; ghlybfs; cyf kf;fs; midtiuAk; cwthf kjpf;Fk; fUj;Njhl;lj;ijAk;> midtUf;Fk; ey;yijNa nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;w czh;itAk; cUthf;Ffpd;wJ.

rq;fg; Gytu;fs; Gyikj; jpwk; kpf;ftu;fs; vdTk;> guprpYf;fhf kl;Lk; Gfo;e;J ghLk; jd;ikaw;wtu; vdTk; ngUQ;rpj;jpudhupd; GwehD}w;Wg; ghly; xd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

“Fd;Wk; kiyAk; gygpd; xopa te;jndd;> guprpy; nfhz;lndd; nrytpw;F vd ………………………………………… Jiz msT mwpe;J> ey;fpdu; tpbNd” -GwehD}W-208:1-9

vd;w ghly; thapyhf jhd; muridf; fhzhky; nghUisg; ngw;wpl tzpfg; Gytd; my;yd; vd;W Fwpg;gpLjiyf; fhzyhk;. jFjpawpe;J nfhLf;Fk; nghUs; jpidasNtDk; mJNt jdf;F ,dpik jUtjhFk; vd;W $Wk; jkpo;g; Gytdpd; jdpj; jd;ik tho;tpay; mwq;fis tiuaWg;gjhf cs;sJ. vy;Nyhu;f;Fk; nfhLj;Jj; jhDk; ngWk; mwTzu;it GwehD}w;wpy;

“epd; eae;J ciweu;f;Fk;> eP eae;J ciweu;f;Fk; gd;khz; fw;gpd; fpis KjNyhu;f;Fk;> ……………………………………… jpUe;JNty; Fkzd; ey;fpa tsNd” -GwehD}W-163:1-9

vd;Dk; ghlybfspy; Fkzdpd; ngUQ;nry;tj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLtijAk;> mNjrkak; jhk; ngw;w nry;tk; vy;Nyhu;f;Fk; gad;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w mwnewpiaAk; typAWj;JfpwJ. ,d;dh ehw;gJ ,e;E}ypd; Mrpupah; fp.gp. ehd;fhk; E}w;whz;by; tho;e;j fgpyh; Mthh;. mwf;fUj;Jfis xt;nthd;whf epuy;gLj;jp mt;nthd;iwAk; “,d;dh” vd;W Kbf;Fk; GJik mf;fhyj;jpy;


TdLm 82

Njhd;wpapUe;jij ,d;dh ehw;gJ vd;Dk; E}w; ngaUk;> me;E}ypy; mike;Js;s ghf;fSk; fhl;Lfpd;wd. ,jid> “ ge;jkpy; yhj kidapd; tdg;gpd;dh

je;ijapy; yhj Gjy;t dofpd;dh” -,d;dh ehw;gJ-1:1-2 “cz;zhJ itf;Fk; nghUs; itg;gpd;dh@ ez;zhg; gifth; Gzh;r;rp edpapd;dh” -,d;dh ehw;gJ-16:1-2 “Cidj;jpd;W Cidg; ngUf;Fjy; Kd;dpd;dh” -,d;dh ehw;gJ-22:2 jPikAilatu; maypUj;jy; ,d;dh” -,d;dh ehw;gJ-24:2 “ gupahh;f;Fj; jhk;cw;w $w;W,d;dh@ ,d;dh” - ,d;dh ehw;gJ-26:3

Mfpa ghlybfshy; Rw;wkpy;yhj FLk;g cwTKiwfs; Fwpj;Jk;> jhDk; cz;zhky; gpwUf;F nfhLf;fhkYk; ghJfhj;J itj;Js;sij fz;bg;gijAk;> giftuJ $lh el;igAk;> gpw capiuf; nfhd;W jpd;W jd; Cid tsh;g;gijf; fz;bf;Fk; “caph;f;nfhs;shik” newpiaAk;> jPath;fsplj;jpy; neUq;fp el;Gnfhz;L gofpdhy; jPikNa tpisAk; vd;gijAk;> md;G nfhs;shjth;fSf;Fj; jhk; mile;j Jd;gj;ij nrhy;tJ Jd;gj;ijj; jUk; Mfpa mwnewpf; fUj;Jfs; ,d;dh ehw;gjpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. KbTiu rq;ffhy ,yf;fpaq;fSk;> rq;fk; kUtpa fhyj;J ,yf;fpaq;fSk; mwnewpf; $Wfis tiuaWf;fpd;wd. NkYk; epjp vd;gNj epajp> Nfhl;ghL vd;W toq;fg;gl;L gpd;dh; “ePjp” vd toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. kdpjd; vg;gb Ntz;LkhdhYk; thoyhk; vd;wpy;yhky;> ,g;gbj;jhd; tho Ntz;Lk; vd;w mwnewpf; $Wfis tud;Kiwg;gLj;jp cyf mikjpf;F top tFf;Fk; Mw;wiyj; jkpopYs;s mw ,yf;fpaq;fs; ngw;Ws;sd. JizE}w;gl;bay; 1. r%ftpay; ghhitapy; mw ,yf;fpaf; fsQ;rpak;> f.g.mwthzd;>jkpo;f; Nfhl;lk;> nrd;id -

600 029> Kjy; gjpg;G - 2008. 2. rq;f ,yf;fpak; (%yk; KOtJk;) r.Nt.Rg;gpukzpad; kzpthrfu; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id- 600

108> Kjy; gjpg;G - jprk;gu; - 2006. 3. GwehD}W %yKk; njspTiuAk;> ciuahrpupah; t.j.uhkRg;gpukzpak;.>vk;.V.>

jpUkfs; epiyak;> nrd;id - 600 017> Kjy; gjpg;G-#d;-2000.


TdLm 83

jpUf;Fwspy; Jwtwtpay; $Wk; mwf;fUj;Jf;fs;

ng.rilanyl;Rkp

jkpopay; Jiw> KJfiy Kjyhk; Mz;L kNdhd;kzpak; Re;judhH gy;fiyf;fofk;> jpUney;Ntyp

Kd;Diu ‘Fws;’ vd;Dk; ghl;L tifapdhy; E}iy Mf;fpapUg;gjhy;> Fws; vd;gJ fUtpahF ngauha; ,UtUila E}Yf;Fk; ngauhf toq;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ. ‘jpU’ vd;gJ ,e;E}ypd; rpwg;Gf; fUjpf; $Wk; milnkhopahFk;. rq;f fhyj;jpy; ‘jpU’ vd;Dk; milngw;w kw;nwhU E}y; ‘jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil’ MFk;. ‘Fws;’‘ jpUf;Fws;’ vd;gd jpUts;Sth; fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpw;gl;Lj; Njhd;wpa tof;fha ,d;Wk; toq;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ. ts;Sth; jk; E}ypid %d;W $Wfshfg; gFj;J mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gq;fis czh;j;jp Kg;ghy; vdg;ngahpl;lhh;. ghypd; cl;gphpthf ,ay;> mjpfhug;gFg;Gk; mjpfhuj;jpw;Fg; gj;Jf; Fwg;ghf;fSk; tFj;Js;s Kiw jpl;lkplg;gl;ljhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,it midj;Jk; mwf;fUj;Jf;fisNa $WfpwJ. Jwtwtpay; ePj;jhh; ngUik mwd; typAWj;jy; vdg; ghapuj;J}s; Jwtwk; ,y;ywk; gw;wp nghJthf ,U mjpfhuq;fs; mikj;Jj; njhlh;e;J ‘,y;tho;f;if’ Kjy; Gfo; <whf ,UgJ mjpfhuj;jhy; ,y;yw ,ay;Gfis ts;Sth; tpsf;fp te;jdh;. ‘nka;Azh;jy;’<whfg; gjpd;%d;W mjpfhuq;fshy; Jwtwk; gw;wp tpsf;fk; jUfpwhh;. ,y;ywj;jpy; xUtd; tOthJ xOfp> mwpTilatuha;g; gpwtpj;Jd;gj;jpw;F mQ;rp> tPL Ngw;wpid milAk; nghUl;Lg; gw;wptpl;l Jwe;jth;fSf;Fhpa mwkhFk;. gjpd;%d;W mjpfhuq;fisAk; ‘tpujk;’ >‘Qhdk;’ vd ,U $WgLj;jpf; fhl;Lfpd;whh;. ghpNkyofh; tpujkhtJ tpidf;Fw;wk; ePq;fp me;jf; fhuzq;fs; J}a thjypd; nghUl;L mj;JwNthuhy; fhf;fg;gLfpwJ. “fd;dpd;d mwk; nra;Ntd;> ,d;dpd;d ghtq;fs; xopNtd;” vd;W jj;jk; Mw;wYf;Fj;jf;fg;gb tiuaWj;Jf; nfhz;L nrayhw;Wk; epiyNa tpujepiy> mtw;Ws; rpytw;iwNa vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. JwT JwT vd;gJ gw;Ws;sj;ijj; Jwf;fyhk;. “Gwkhfpa nry;tj;jpd; fz;Zk; mfkhfpa ahf;ifapd; fz;Zk; gw;wpid mtw;wpd; epiyahik Nehf;fp tpLjy;” vd tpsf;Fk; ghpNkyofh;. ,jid ts;StUk; ‘ahd; vdnjd;Dk; nrUf;F mWg;ghd; vd;W nkhopfpd;whh;. JwthtJ xUtd; jtk; gz;zhepd;w fhyj;J ahfhapDk; xU njhlh;ghL cs;sjhapDk;> mjidg; gw;ww;wj; Jwj;jy; ,J kaf;f kw;whh;f;F tUtJ xd;whjypd; mjd; gpd; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;W kzf;Flth; $Wfpwhh;. JwthtJ epiyahik mwpe;jhy; %d;W tif MirAk; tpl;Lj; Jwtwj;jpNy epw;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ghpjp $Wfpwhh;. Gwkhfpa-JwTf;Fr; nry;tk; Gwkhjypd; nry;tj;ijg; Gwnkd;whh;. ,J ‘vdJ’vd;Dk; gw;W ,y;ywk; tpl;Lj; Jwtwk; nfhs;Sjy; JwT vy;yhg; nghUSk; tpLjy;. mjhtJ nry;tq;fs; NghpNyAk; jd;Dlk;gpd; NghpNyAk; cz;lhd gw;iw tpLjy; vd;fpwhh; ky;yh;.

“ahjdpd; ahjdpd; ePq;fpahd; Nehjy; mjdpd; mjdpd; ,yd;.” (Fws;: 341)

nghUl;gw;W midj;ijAk; xU Nru tpl Kbahjtw;Ftpl;l msT Jd;gkpy;iy vd;W kzf;Flth;> ghpNkyofh; ciwfs; njhptpf;fpd;wd. %d;W tif Mirfis tpLjy; vd;gJ ghpjpahhpd; ciuahFk;. gz;Gilahd; jPtpidfisr; nra;ahky; ePf;fp E}y;fs; tpjpf;Fk;


TdLm 84

ey;tpidfisNa nra;thdhapDk; me;ey;tpidfSf;Fs;Sk; muR mkuUyftho;T Kjypa rpw;wpd;gk; gathj ey;tpidfisNa nra;jy; Ntz;Lk; mjw;fhf Kw;Wk; Jwf;f ,ayhjhapd;> Jwe;j msT Jd;gkpy;iy vd;fpwhh; fhspq;fh;.

“ Ntz;bDz; ghfj; Jwf;f Jwe;jgpd; <z;baw; ghy gy” (Fws;: 342)

jd; caph;f;F Mf;fk; cz;lhfNtz;bd; vd;fpwhh; kzf;Flth;. ,d;gq;fs; Ntz;bd; Jwf;f vd;fpwhh; kzf;Flth;. gpwtpf;Fhpa tpj;jhfpa tpidAk; gaDk; Jwf;f vd;fpwhh; fhspq;fh;. ,k;ikf;fh? kWikf;fh? vd;W tiunra;ahJ caph;f;F Mf;fk; Ntz;bd; vd;w vd;w Fwpg;ghYk;> Nky;tpidfs; ,k;ikf;fhad;wpj; Jwe;jyhfpa ,k;iktpid ,k;ikf;fhfhikapDk; kWikf;Nf JwT gad;jUk; vd;w Jzpthy; nghJikapw; $wpdhh;. kzf;Flth; Jwe;jhh;. ,k;ikapNyNa va;Jk; ,d;gq;fs; gythk;. mjdhy; Jwf;f vd;fpwhh; ghpNkoyfh;. Jwtpdpd;W nra;a Ntz;ba jtQhdq;fs; gy vLj;;j ,g;gpwtpapNyNa tPL Ngw;iw tpUk;gpdhy; ‘fhyk;’ cz;lhfj; Jwf;f vd;fpwhh; tujuhrg;gps;is.

“mly;Ntz;Lk; Ie;jd; Gyj;ij tply;Ntz;Lk; Ntz;ba vy;yhk; xUq;F.” (Fws;: 343)

nghwpfs; Ie;jpDf;Fk; Efh;r;rpahfpa Ie;J vd;wJ ‘nka;> tha;> fz;> %f;F> nrtpahfpa mwpfUtpfs; Ie;jpd; Efh;r;rpahfpa Rit xsp CW Xir ehw;wk; vd;gd ,tw;w mlNtz;Lk;. ,jw;fhf Efh;r;rpf;F ,lkhfpa nghUs;fisAk; clNd tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh; kzf;Flth;. Gyd;fise;Jk; nghwptopr; nry;yhky; ml Ntz;Lk;. Gy czh;Tfis tpl Ntz;Lk; Rit Gyd;fNs nghwptopr; nrd;W Ik;Gy czh;Tfisailfpd;wd. Mjyhy; Gyd;fis mopf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh; ghpjp. Gyd; vd;gJ xU gz;G Rit Kjy; Ie;Jkhk; ,it gz;ghjypd; gz;gpahd; cliy tpl;Lg; gphpf;f KbahJ gz;gpw;F moptpy;iy vd;fpwhh; rptQhd Rthkpfs;. nghwpfspd; Ik;Gyj;ijAk; tplNtz;Lk; vd;fpwhh;fs; kzf;FlthUk;> ghpNkyofUk;. nghwpfshy; Nghfg; nghUspd; kPJ glh;jyhy; tpise;j Rit Kjypa czh;TfisAk; Urpfz;l G+id chpia chpiaj; jhTjy; NghyTk; cs;sk; Nghfg; nghUisr; nrd;W gw;wp mjidNa vz;zpapUj;jy; tPL Ngw;wpw;F ,ilAwhfypd; mitaidj;ijAk; xUq;F tply; Ntz;Lk;.

“,ay;ghL Nehd;gpw;nfhd; wpd;ik cilik kayhF kw;Wk; ngah;j;J” . (Fws;: 344)

xU nghUSk; ,y;yhjy; vd;fpwhh; kzf;Flth;. gw;wg;gLtnjhU nghUSk; ,y;yhik vd;fpwhh; ghpNkyofh;. xU nghUz; NkYk; gw;wpd;ik vd;fpwhh; ftpuhrh;. jtQ; nra;thh;f;F ,ay;G xU nghUSk; ,y;yhikNa MFk;. nghUSilik kPsTk; kaf;fj;ij kaf;fj;ij tpistpf;Fk; vd Nehpa nghUSk; fhzyhk;.

“kw;We; njhlh;g;gh nltd;nfhy; gpwg;gWf;fy; cw;whh;f; Flk;G kpif.” (Fws;: 345)

clk;Gk; kpif vd;gjw;F gpwg;gWf;ff; fUtpahd clk;Gk; vd;fpwhh; ghpNkyofh;. kpif-Fw;wk; mjd; tpisT gif. MfNt cly; jtj;jpw;Fg; gytiffspy; gifahFk; vd;gJ ghpjpAiu. ,e;jphpa Rfkhd GyDfh;r;rpj; njhlh;GfNsad;wp NtWk; xU njhlh;G mJ clk;Gj; njhlh;Gjhd; Ntnwhd;Wk; ,y;iy vd;W fUj;jikar; nra;fpwJ fhspq;fh; ciu. Gwg; gw;iwAk; $lhnjd tpyf;fp gpwtpaWf;Fk; fUtpahf kl;Lk; vLj;j cliyg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vdf; fUJgth; ,uhkypq;fdhh;.

“ahndd njd;Dk; nrWf;fWg;ghd; thNdhh;f; Fah;e;j cyfk; GLk;.” (Fws;: 346)

ahd; vd;Wk; vdJ vd;Wk; epidf;fpw kaf;fj;ij mWf;Fk; mtd; Njth;f;F Nkyhfpa cyfj;jpd; fz;Nz nry;thd; vd;gJ kzf;Flth; $w;W. ahd; vd;Wk; vdJ vd;Wk; nry;fpd;w nrUf;fUg;ghd; GFk; thNdhh;f;F cah;e;j rptNyhfk; vd;fpwhh; ghpjp. jhdy;yhjTlk;ig vdJ vd;Wk; jd;NdhL ,y;yhj nghUis vdjpy;iy vd;gth; thNdhh;f;Fk; fpl;lhj mhpa tPl;Lyfj;ij va;Jthd; vd;gJ ghpNkyofh;.


TdLm 85

“gw;wp tplhm ,Lk;igfs; gw;wpidg; gw;wp tplhm jth;f;F” . (Fws;: 347)

nghUs;fisg; gw;wp tplhjtiuj; Jd;gq;fs; tplhJ gw;wp epw;Fk; vd;fpwhh; kzf;Flth;. %d;W tif MirfisAk; Jwe;J jgR gz;Zk; NghJ mJ rLjpapNy gypf;Fk; vd;gJ ghpjp $w;W. ,Utifg; gw;wpidAk; ,Wfg; gw;wp tplhjhiu gpwtpj;Jd;gq;fs; ,Wfg;gw;wptplhJ vd;fpwhh; fhspq;fh;.

“jiyg;gl;lhh; jPuj; Jwe;jhh; kaq;fp tiyg;gl;lhh; kw;iw ath;.” (Fws;: 348)

gw;iwj; Jwe;jhh; Kf;jpiaj; jiyg;gl;lhh; vd;gJ kzf;Flth; ghpjp> Qhdj;jhy; Nkw;gl;lth; %d;W tif Mirfisj; Jwe;jhh; Kw;Wj; Jwe;jhh; tPl;bidj; jiyg;gl;lhh; vd;fpwhh; ghpNkyofh;. vy;yhg; gw;wpidAk; ePq;fg; gz;zpj; Jwe;jth;fs; Nkhl;rj;ij mile;jth;fs; vd;fpwhh; ky;yh;.

“ gw;ww;w fz;Nz gpwg;gWf;Fk; kw;W epiyahik fhzg; gLk;.” (Fws;: 349)

xUtd; ,Utifg; gw;Wk; mw;wnghONj mg;gw;wWjp mtd; gpwg;ig mWf;Fk; vd;fpwhh; ghpNkyofh;. %d;W tif MirfisAk; Jwe;Njhh;f;F gpwg;G ,y;iy – ghpjp $w;W. xUtd; ,uz;L tif MirfisAk; mw;wNghNj nghy;yhj gpwg;ig mWg;ghd; vd;fpwhh; ftpuhrh;.

“ gw;Wf gw;ww;whd; gw;wpid mg;gw;iwg; gw;Wf gw;W tplw;F” (Fws;: 350)

gw;wpid mWj;jhtJ gw;wpidg; gw;Wf vd;fpwhh; kzf;Flth;> gw;ww;whd; =ghjj;ijg; gw;Wf vd;fpwhh; ghpjp. Mirfshfpa gw;iw tpLfpwjw;Fr; rfy Mrh ghrq;fisAk; mWj;Jtpl;l [pNd];tudpd; ghjq;fisg; gw;Wf vd;fpwhh; ftpuhrh;. KbTiu epiyahik czh;T kpf;f xUtd; jtk; nra;Akhapd; mf;fhyj;J VjhapDk; xU njhlh;ghL Njhd;wf; $Lk;. mjidAk; gw;ww;Wj; Jwf;f Ntz;LtJ JwT. %tif MirfisAk; tpLjy; kz;> ngz;> nghd; ,itfNs %tif Mirfshff; Fwpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; Nky; nfhz;l gw;iwj; Jwj;jNy JwT. ,y;ywk; tpl;Lj; Jwtwq; nfhs;Sjy; vd;gJ vspa nray; md;W. mfk;> Gwk;> ,itfspy; ve;j xU gw;W epiyAk; ,y;yhj epiyapy; Jwtwk; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,y;ywk; ey;ywkhf ,Ue;j gpd;Ng midj;J gw;WfisAk; tpl;Ltpl;L Jwtwk; Nkw;nfhs;tJ epiwthd xU jt epiyapidf; nfhLf;Fk;. nry;tq;fs; NghpNyAk;> jd;Dlk; gpd; NghpNyAk; cz;lhd gw;Wfis KOikahf tpl;Ltpl;lhy; kl;LNk NkNyhh; va;jpa jtepiy tho;it Nkw;nfhz;L tPLNgW mila KbAk;. E}w;gl;bay; 1. ftpuhr gz;bjh;> jpUf;Fws;. 2. NjtNead;.Q> jpUf;Fws; jkpo; kuG. 3. mUzhryf;ftpuhah;> jpUf;Fws; njspnghUs; trdk;. 4. tujuhrdhh;.K> jpUf;Fws; njspTiu. 5. Nfhtpe;jrhkp.K> jpUf;Fws; eaTiu. 6. NfhghyfpU~;zkhr;rhhpahh;> jpUf;Fws; ghpNkyfoh; ciuAld; Fwpg;GiuAk;. 7. Rg;gpukzpak; gps;is.fh> jpUf;Fws; nghopg;Giu. 8. myNkY.fh.m> jpUf;Fws; kzptpsf;f ciu.


TdLm 86

rkzf; fhg;gpaq;fspy; mwnewpf; $Wfs;

[p.rd;kjp

Kidtu; gl;l Ma;thsu; (gFjp Neuk;)> KJfiyj; jkpoha;Tj;Jiw Kj;Juq;fk; muR fiyf; fy;Y}up (jd;dhl;rp)> Xl;Nlup> NtY}u;

Kd;Diu cyfj;jpy; gpwe;J tho;fpd;w gpw capupdq;fistpl kdpju;fs; Nkk;gl;ltu;fshfNt ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wdu;. kdpju;fis gpwtw;wpypUe;J Nkk;gLj;JtJ mtu;fsplk; cs;s gFj;jwpAk; jd;iknfhz;l ‘Mwhk; mwpNt’ ,jw;F fhuzkhf cs;sd. kdpj tho;tpy; jk;ikr; Rw;wpAs;s #oy;fisAk;> tho;tpay; mwq;fisAk; mwpe;J nfhz;Lk; eilKiw tho;f;ifapy; ey;ywq;fis Vw;Wf; nfhz;L mjw;Fj; jFe;jthW Gupe;J nfhz;Lk; tho;tjpy;jhd; kdpju;fspd; ,d;g tho;f;if cs;sd. jkpo; kz;zpy; tho;e;j rhd;Nwhu;fSk;> Gytu;fSk; kdpj tho;f;ifapy; gpd;gw;wg;gl Ntz;ba ey;ywq;fs; vit vd;gjid jhk; vOjpa ghf;fspNy Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sdu;. jkpo;f; fhg;gpaf; flypy; rkzf; nfhs;iffisj; jhq;fpAk;> rkzg; Gytu;fshy; vOjg;gl;Lk; ngUikfs; gy ngw;w rkzf; fhg;gpaq;fspNy kdpj tho;f;iff;Fj; Njitahd ey; mwq;fs; gy $wg;gl;Ls;sd. ey;ywq;fNs kdpj tho;tpw;F tpOkpaq;fshfTk; khDl tho;f;if rpwg;Gw tho;e;jjw;fhd milahskhfTk; jpfo;fpd;wd. rkzf; fhg;gpaq;fspd; top khDlj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd ey;ywf; $Wfs; vit vd;gjid ntspg;gLj;JtjhfNt ,f;fl;Liu mikfpwJ. tho;tpay; mwq;fs; kdpj tho;f;if vd;gJ gpwg;gpw;Fk;> gpd; tUk; ,wg;gpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l xU fhy tiuaiuapidf; nfhz;l tho;epiyahfNt mike;jpUf;fpwJ. kdpjd; jhd; tho;fpd;w fhyj;jpy; gpd;gw;wp xOf Ntz;ba ew;nray;fs; vit vd;gijAk; ePf;f Ntz;ba jPr;nray;fs; Fwpj;Jk; mwptJ tho;tpay; flikahfpwJ. ey;ywf; $Wfs; gytw;iw ekJ Kd;Ndhu;fs; ,yf;fpaq;fspYk;> tha;nkhopf; fUj;Jf;fshfTk; $wpAs;sdu;. xU jdpkdpjd; r%fj;jpy; kfpo;r;rpAld; thoTk;> kjpg;Gld; jpfoTk; fhuzkhtJ mj;jdpkdpjd; gpd;gw;wp xOFk; ey;ywq;fshFk;> xU jdpkdpjd; ey;ywq;fisg; gpd;gw;wp tho;tjhy; gpd;du; mr;r%fNk ey;nyhOf;fj;ijf; filgpbj;J thOk; epiyf;F khwptpLk; vd;gij czu;e;Nj mwnewpr; rhd;Nwhu; gyu; jkJ E}ypy; ey;ywq;fisf; Fwpj;J vOjpAs;sdu;. ey;ywj;ijg; gpd;gw;wp thOk; kdpjd; milAk; ed;ik vd;d vd;gjidf; $w te;j jpUts;Stu; fPo; tUk; Fwspy; ntspg;gLj;Jfpwhu;.

“mwj;jhW ,Jntd Ntz;lh rptpif nghWj;jhndhL Cu;e;jhd; ,il” (jpUf;Fws;: 37)

ed;ik jUk; nray;fisr; nra;J mwj;jpd;gb tho;gtdpd; tho;f;if vg;gb ,Uf;Fk; vd;W $wg; GFNthkhdhy; gy;yf;fpy; mku;e;J nry;gtDf;Fk; mg;gy;yf;fpidj; J}f;fpr; nry;gtDf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s NtWghLjhd; ey;ywj;jpd; gad; vd;W ,uz;Nl mbfspy; Kbf;fpwhu; jpUts;Stu;. ey;ywq;fis Nkw;nfhz;L tho;e;jtd; gy;yf;fpy; ,d;gkhf mku;e;J nry;fpwhd;. ey;ywj;ijg; gpd;gw;whjtu; mg;gy;yf;fpidr; Rke;J nry;fpd;wdu;. ,JNt mwj;jpd; gad;> NtW Muha;r;rp Njitapy;iy vd;gNj ,jd; fUj;jhf cs;sJ. ,yf;fpaq;fspy; jiyik E}yhfTk; jkpo; kiwahfTk; jpfOk; jpUf;Fwspy; jpUts;Stu; ehd;fhtJ mjpfhukhf ‘mwd; typAWj;jy;’ vd;W mwj;jpw;fhf xJf;fp ‘mwk;’ vd;gJ vd;d vd;gjid gj;Jf; Fwl;ghtpy; ntspg;gLj;jpapUg;gJ jkpou;fs; mwj;jpw;Fj; jUk; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf; $WtjhfNt cs;sd.


TdLm 87

ey;ywj;ij gpd;gw;wpdhy; cdf;F kfpo;itj; jUk; vd;w jpUts;Stu; mjid kwg;gjhy; vd;d NeupLk; vd;gjidAk; fPo;tUk; Fwspy; $Wfpwhu;.

“mwj;jpD}q;F Mf;fKk; ,y;iy mjid kwj;jypd; Cq;fpy;iy NfL” (jpUf;Fws;: 32)

mwj;jpidg; gpd;gw;wp tho;tjhy; xUtdJ tho;f;if Nkd;ik (Mf;fk;) milAk; vd;Wk; mwj;jpid kwe;J jtW nra;jhndd;why; mijtpl (NfL) Jd;gk; NtW vJTk; mtDf;F ,Uf;fhJ vd;gjidf; $wp ey;ywj;jpd;top Mw;Wg;gLj;Jfpwhu; ts;Stu;. ‘mwk;’ – nrhy; tpsf;fk; ‘mwk;’ vd;Dk; nrhy; jkpo; nkhopapy; nghJr; nrhy;yhf cs;sJ. mwk; vd;w nrhy;ypw;F mfuhjp jUk; tpsf;fk;

“flik; jUkk; ; fw;G; ,y;ywk; ; Jwtwk; ; ew;NgW; mwE}y; ; mwf;flTs; ; kdj;jpy; Fw;wkpy;yhik” (jkpo; mfuhjp: gf;: 33)

kdpjd; jdJ flikapidr; nra;tJk;> gpwUf;Fj; jhdkhf nfhLg;gjhy; tUk; ju;kg; gyDk; fw;gpidg; ghJfhj;J tho;fpd;w ,y;ywk;> Jwtwk; MfpadTk; ,it Nghd;w gpwTNk mwkhf mfuhjpfs; $Wfpd;wd. mwk; vd;gJ Kg;gj;jpapuz;lhfTk; nrhy;yg;gLtJ tof;fk; mtw;Ws; rpy fPo;tUkhW $wg;gLfpwJ.

“MJyu;f;Fr; rhiy> XJthu;f;FzT; mWrkaj;jhu;f;F cz;b; gRTf;F thAiw; rpiwapypUg;NghUf;F czT nfhLj;jy;; ; gpwUf;Ff; nfhLj;Jg; gpd; jhd; cz;zy; (Iak;) ; MjuT ,y;yhjtUf;F NrhW mspj;jy; ; kfT tsu;j;jy; ; kfg;ghy; thu;j;jy;; Neha;f;F kUe;J nfhLj;jy; ; jz;zPu; ge;jy;; ; ; tpyq;fpw;F czT tpiy nfhLj;J capu; fhj;jy; ; fd;dpfhjhdk;….” (jkpo; mfuhjp - gf;:312)

vd;W mwq;fisg; gw;wp mfuhjpfSk; ,d;Dk; gy E}y;fs; tpsf;fj;jpid etpy;fpd;wd. mwk; vd;gJ nghJthf Kd;Ndhu; kughf njhlu;e;J gy ehSk; gpd;gw;wg;gl;L te;jitfshfTk; fhyj;jpw;F Vw;gg; Gjpjhf te;J ,ize;J nfhz;l ey;ywq;fshfTk; cs;sd. rkzf; fhg;gpaq;fspy; njhlu;e;J typAWj;jg;gl;L te;j ey;ywf; $Wfshf mf;fhg;gpaq;fspd; top ekf;F fpilg;git “nfhy;yhik> fs;shik> gpwdpy; tpioahik> epiyahik> tpidf;nfhs;if> JwT” Mfpait rkzf; fhg;gpaq;fspy; mjpf mstpy; typAWj;jg;gl;l ey;ywq;fshf fpilf;fg; ngWfpd;wd. nfhy;yhik kdpjdpd; jiyikahd mwk; vJntd;why; mJ gpw capu;fisf; nfhy;yhjpUj;jNy rpwe;j ey;ywkhf mikAk;. mJNt rhd;Nwhu; $wpa fUj;J vd;fpwJ tisahgjp fhg;gpak;> “cyFld; tpsq;f cau; rPu;j;jp epiy nrhy;ypd; epiyapy; fjp ehd;fpd; ,ilepd;W jLkhWk; myfpy; Jau; mQ;rpd; capu; mQ;rtUk; tQ;rf; nfhiy xupapd; vd;W edp $wpdu; mwpe;jhu;” (tisahgjp: gh: 34) cyfj;jpy; cs;stu;fs; jd;id kpfr; rpwe;jtd; vd;W Nghw;w Ntz;Lk; vd epidj;jhYk;> tpyq;F> eufu;> kdpju;> Njtu; vd;Dk; ehd;F gpwtpf;fjpapy; nrd;W Jd;gj;jpy; coyhkYk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd;why; capu;fSf;F mjpf Jd;gj;jpidf; nfhLf;Fk; capu;f;nfhiyr; nra;tij tpl;nlhopAq;fs; vd;Wk; ,f;fUj;ijj;jhd; fy;tp Nfs;tpfspy; rpwe;j ngupNahu;fs; $wpdhu;fs; vd;fpwJ ghly;. “ahDapu; tho;j nyz;zp naupatu; jk;ikf; nfhy;ypd; thDa upd;g Nkyhy; tUnewp jpupA kd;wp CDapupd;g nkz;zp naz;zkw; nwhd;W kpd;wp khDlu; tho;T kz;zpd; kupj;jpL kpay;gpw; wd;Nw>”

(aNrhju fhtpak;: gh:140)


TdLm 88

jhd; capu; tho;tjw;fhf kdpjd; kw;nwhU capiuf; nfhy;tjhf ,Ue;jhy; mtDf;F tUk; ,d;gq;fs; midj;Jk; Jd;gkhf khwptpLk; vd;Wk; clk;Gld; ,Uf;Fk; capupd; ,d;gj;ij kl;Lk; fUjp kw;w capu;;fSf;F tUk; Jd;gj;jpid rpwpJk; ghuhky; nfhiyj; njhopy; nra;J thOk; tho;f;ifahdJ tpiue;J mope;J NghFk; vd;W tpsf;FfpwJ aNrhjuf;fhtpag; ghly;. Mjyhy; kf;fNs nfhiyj; njhopy; nra;ahjPu;fs; mjid tpl;nlhopAq;fs;. mJNt jiyrpwe;j mwkhf mikAk; vd;Wk; khtpdhy; nra;J gypapLtJ $lj; jtW. vt;TapiuAk; nfhy;Yjy; vd;Dk; vz;zk; kf;fSf;Fj; Njhd;wf; $lhJ vd;W nfhy;yhikapid typAWj;JfpwJ aNrhju fhtpak;. fs;shik xUtUf;F cupa nghUisj; jpULjy; tho;tpy; jtwhd nrayhf Md;Nwhu;fshy; $wg;gl;Ls;sd.

“ ...Nfhapw; rpyk;G nfhz;l fs;td; fy;nyd; Ngu; Cu;f; fhtyu;f; fue;J> vd; rpy;iyr; rpWFby; mfj;J ,Ue;Njhd;” (rpyg;gjpfhuk;: mb: 145 -147)

vd;W ghz;bkhNjtpapd; fhw;rpyk;gpidj; jpUba nghw;nfhy;yd; jpUl;bid kiwf;f rpyk;gpid tpw;f te;j Nfhtyd; kPJ gopiar; Rkj;jp Njtpapd; rpyk;igj; jpUbatd; ,tNd vdf;$wp nfhiyf;F toptFj;jhd; ,jw;Ff; fhuzk; Kd;tpidg; gadhf ,Ue;jhYk; nghw;nfhy;ydpd; fs;sj;jdNk KOKjw; fhuzkhf mike;jJ.

“fs;sd;kpd; fs thapd ahitAk; nfhs;sd;kpd; ............” (tisahgjp: gh: 17)

fsthlhjPu;fs;> fsthbf; nfhz;LtUk; nghUs;fisAk; thq;fhjPu;fs; vd;Wk; fsTj; njhopypy; kdk; tpUk;ghjthW ghu;j;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;fpwJ tisahgjpf; fhg;gpak;.

“ gPL ,y; nra;jpfshy; fstpy; gpwu; tPby; gy;nghUs; nfhz;l gad; vdf; $bf; fhnyhL iffisg; gw;wp itj;J Xly; ,d;wp ciyaf; Fiwf;FNk” (tisahgjp: gh:31)

jpUbatd; ngUik ,oe;J gopr;nrhy; mile;J fhtyu;fshy; gpbf;fg;gl;L iffspYk;> fhy;fspYk; tpyq;fpl;L Xlhjgb gpzpj;J mbj;J Jd;GWj;Jk; jz;lidf;F cupatu; Mtu; vd;W vr;rupj;J kf;fis ey;topg;gLj;JfpwJ tisahgjpf; fhg;gpak;. gpwdpy; tpioahik ,y;yw tho;tpy; ey;ywk; vJntd;why; gpwd; kidtpia tpUk;ghky; tho;tjhFk;>

“ngz;zpd; Mfpa Ngu; mUu; G+kpAs; vz;zk; kpf;ftu; vz;zpDk; vz;zyhu; gpd;dp epd;w ngUtpis Nky;tUk; vd;dJ MapDk; Vjpy; ngz; ePf;Ftd;” (tisahgjp: gh: 15)

gpwu; kidtpia tpUk;Gjyhy; jPtpidf;F Ml;gLtu;. gpwd;kid tpUk;Gjy; ngUe;Jd;gk; te;J NrUk.; Mjyhy; mjid ePf;Fq;fs; vd ey;ywj;ijf; $WfpwJ tisahgjpf; fhg;gpak;. epiyahik kdpj tho;f;if epiyNgW cilaJ my;y> vg;nghOJ Ntz;LkhdhYk; epiyaw;Wg; NghFk;> Mifahy; jd; tho;ehspy; kdpjd; Jd;gq;fs; epiwe;j #oy; ,Ue;jhYk; mj;Jd;gj;jpYk; ,dpikahd jUzq;fis mDgtpf;fhky; ,Ue;JtpLjy; $lhJ> epiyapy;yhj cyfpy; ,d;g tho;it mDgtpg;gNj rpwe;j mwk; vd;fpwJ #shkzp>

“Mid Jug;g tuTiw aho;Fop ehdtpu; gw;WG ehY nkhUtNdhu; Njdp do;Jsp ef;Fe; jpwe;jJ khDl upd;g kjpj;jid nfhz;zP.” (#shkzp: gh: 1988)


TdLm 89

vd;Dk; ghlypy; ahid Jwj;jpf; nfhz;L tUifapy; Xbte;j mtd; ehfq;fSila gho; mile;j fpzw;wpy; tPo;e;jhd;> fpzw;wpDs; nfhbfisg; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L njhq;fpapUf;Fk; Neuj;jpy; kuf;fpisapy; fl;ba Njdpapd; $l;bypUe;J nrhl;Lk; Njidr; Ritj;J kfpo;e;jhd;> ,Jjhd; tho;f;if> Jd;gk; te;jhYk; epiyapy;yhj ,t;Tyfpy; Jd;gj;ij epidj;J tUe;jhky; fpilf;Fk; Njidg; gUfp ,d;gk; miltNj tho;tpd; epiyahik vd;Dk; mwj;ij czu;j;JfpwJ. tpidf;nfhs;if kdpjd; jhd; thOk; ,g;gpwtpapy; ey;yijr; nra;jhy; mLj;J tUk; gpwtpapYk; ew;gyd;fis milayhk; vd;Wk; jtW nra;jhy; cupa jz;lidf; fpilf;Fk; vd;Wk; $Wfpd;wd.

“fhtyd; nrq;Nfhy; tis,a> tPo;e;jdd;> Nfhtyd; gz;il Co;tpid cUj;J – vd;.” (rpyg;gjpfhuk;: mb:216>217)

Nfhtyd; ,wg;gpw;Ff; fhuzk; Kd;tpidg; gaNd MFk;. vd;fpwJ rpyg;gjpfhuk;> “ ....rpy;ywp tpidf NsDe; jpUtwg; ngUik ahNy ty;ypjpd; kiwe;J Nghfp khDlk; gha td;Nw” (aNrhju fhtpak;: gh: 257)

rpy mwpa Ntz;ba tpidfis mwpe;J i[d mwg; ngUikahy; gwit clk;gpy; ,Ue;J ePq;fp kdpj clk;igg; ngw;Nwhk; ,jw;F Kw;gpwg;gpy; nra;j tpidNa fhuzk; vd;fpwJ aNrhju fhtpak;. JwT tho;tpd; ,Wjpf; fl;lkhfTk;> mwq;fSs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;wJkhf miktJ JwthFk;. mth vd;Dk; Mirapid ePf;Fjy; JwthFk;.

“ca;j;J xd;wp eu;je;J co cOJ Mw;wTk; tpj;jpd;wpg; igq;$o; tpisf;Fwy; vd; xf;Fk; nka;j;jtk; ,y;yhd; nghUNshL Nghfq;fl;F va;j;J coe;Nj jhd; ,lu;g;ghL khNw” (tisahgjp: gh: 46)

epyj;ij cohky;> tpijf;fhky; tpisr;riy vjpu;ghu;g;gJ vt;thW cs;sNjh! mJNghy Jwtpw;Fr; nry;yhky; mjd; gyid vjpu;ghu;g;gJ MFk;. tpisr;ry; fhz tpijf;f Ntz;Lk>; ,d;g eyk; ngw JwT nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwJ tisahgjpf; fhg;gpak;. KbTiu kdpj tho;tpaypy; ey;ywq;fNs xU kdpjid kdpjdhf khw;WfpwJ. rkzf; fhg;gpaq;fspy; ey;ywq;fshff; nfhy;yhik> fs;shik> gpwdpy; tpioahik> JwT Mfpait $wg;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;ey;ywf; $Wfis kdpjd; filgpbj;J tho;tNj khDl tpOkpakhf gupzkpj;J jpfo;fpd;wd. Jiz E}y;fs; 1. jpUf;Fws; -gupNkyofu; ciu – gjp: 2012 – G+k;Gfhu; gjpg;gfk;. 2. ntw;wpj; jkpo; mfuhjp – gjp: 2011 – kzpthrfu; gjpg;gfk;. 3. tisahgjp – Qh. khzpf;fthrfd; - gjp: 2011 – ckhgjpg;gfk;. 4. aNrhju fhtpak; - xsit.R.Jiurhkpg;gps;is – gjp:2010 5. rpyg;gjpfhuk; - GypA+u; Nfrpfd; - gjp: 2003 6. #shkzp – rhujh gjpg;gfk; - gjp: 2015


TdLm 90

Iq;FWE}W; ,Uj;jy; - $w;Wk; mikg;GKiwAk;

Kidtu;.K.n[fjPrd;

cjtpg; Nguhrpupau;> jkpopay; Jiw kNdhd;kzpak; Re;judhu; gy;fiyf;fofk;> jpUney;Ntyp

Iq;FWE}w;W Ky;iyj; jpizapd; E}W ghly;fisAk; Ngadhu; ghbAs;shu;. ,g;ghly;fs; gj;Jg;gj;jhfg; gFf;fg;ngw;Wg; gj;J jiyg;Gfspd;fPo; njhFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mg;gj;Jf;fshtd: nrtpypf;$w;Wg; gj;J> fpotd; gUtk; ghuhl;Lg; gj;J> tpuTg;gj;J> Gwtzpg; gj;J> ghriwg; gj;J> gUtq; fz;L fpoj;jpAiuj;j gj;J> Njhop tw;GWj;j gj;J> ghzd; gj;J> Nju;tpaq; nfhz;l gj;J> tuT rpwg;Giuj;j gj;J. ,g;gj;Jf;fspy; jiytd; $w;wpy; 36 ghly;fSk;> jiytp $w;wpy; 14 ghly;fSk;> Njhop $w;wpy; 38 ghly;fSk;> nrtpyp $w;wpy; 10 ghly;fSk;> ghzd; $w;wpy; 1 ghlYk;> fhjy; czu;e;Njhu; $w;wpy; 1 ghlYk; ghlg;gl;Ls;sd. Gytd; ghba ghly;fSs; khe;ju;fspd; #oiy> gz;Gfis> czu;Tfis mtu;fspd; $Wk; fUj;jhfNt Fwpg;gpLjiyf; $w;W vd;gu;. $w;W vd;gJ $Wjy;> nrhy;Yjy;> tpsf;Fjy;> njspTgLj;Jjy;> Gupjiy cz;lhf;Fjy; Mfpa jd;ikfspy; miktjhFk;. ghly;fspy; cs;s $w;wpid ciuahly; epiyapy; ehlfg;ghq;F vd xUrhuhu; fUJfpd;wdu;. fsT> fw;G ,iae;j mftho;tpy; khe;ju;fspd; $w;wpy; mj;jpiz rhu;e;Jk; mjd; cupg;nghUs; rhu;e;Jk; typAWj;jg;gLfpd;wd. Ky;iyj; jpizapy; ikakhd ,Uj;jypyhd fw;Gj;jpwj;jpid> me;epy khe;ju;fs; jq;fs; $w;Wf;fspy; thapyhf ghlg;gl;Ls;s mikg;gpid $w;W rhu;e;J epWTjNy ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhfpwJ. ,Uj;jy; - tpsf;fk; Ky;iyj; jpizapd; cupg;nghUs; ,Uj;jYk; ,Uj;jy; epkpj;jKkhFk; (njhy;. nghUs;.> E}w;.16). ,Uj;jy; vd;gJ jiytdpd; gpupitj; jhq;fpf;nfhz;L jiytp nghWj;jpUj;jYk;> fhj;jpUj;jYk; MFk;. jiytDk; jiytpAk; Nru;e;jpUj;jYk; Ky;iyf;FupajhFk;. ,jidj; jkpoz;zy;> “nghUs; NjLtjw;Nfh> Nghu; nra;tjw;Nfh gpupAq;fhyk; Nfhilg; gUtkhjypd; mg;gFjp tpistw;w twz;l epykhfTk;> jiytd; jpUk;Gq;fhy; kiog;gUtkhjypd;> mt;top Ky;iy epykhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;> top xd;NwahapDk; Ky;iy> ghiy ,uz;Lf;Fk; ,ilNaahd NtWghL gUtepiy khw;wq;fshy; Vw;gl;ljhFk;” (rq;fkuG> g.248) vd;W $Wfpwhu;. Ntdpw; fhyj;jpy; jiytd; Nghu;j;njhopy; fhuzkhfg; gpupjy; ghiyj;jpizf;F cupajhFk;. fhu;fhy tutpw;Fg; gpd;Gk; $ly; epfohky; gpupe;jpUj;jyhy; Ky;iyj;jpizapy; $lYf;fhff; fhj;jpUj;jy; epfOfpwJ. fhykhw;wk;> gUtkhw;wk; epfo;e;j NghjpYk; khe;ju;fspd; #oy; khwhjjhy; gpupjypd; njhlu;r;rpahf ,Uj;jy; epfo;fpwJ. MfNt gpupjYf;Fk; ,Uj;jYf;Fk; ,iaGs;sJ. ,jdhy; Ky;iyj;jpizapy; ghiyj;jpizapd; cupg;nghUshd ,Uj;jYf;Fg; gpupjy; mbg;gilahfpwJ. gpupe;J nrd;w jiytd; kPz;Lk; tUk; tiuapy; Mw;wpapUj;jy; Ky;iyepyj; jiytpf;Ff; flikahfpwJ. tpidapd; nghUl;Lr; nrd;w jiytd; tpidf;fsj;jpy; jiytpia vz;zp Mw;wpapUj;jYk;> mtd; tUifia vjpu;ghu;j;Jj; jiytp jd; ,y;yj;jpy; Mw;wpapUj;jYk; Ky;iyj;jpiz khe;ju;fspd; ,ay;ghfpwJ. Mw;wpapUj;jypy; khe;ju;fspd; fw;Gj;jpwk; fhzyhfpwJ. fw;gpid typAWj;Jtjd; epkpj;jq;fs; Ky;iyf;Fupa xOf;fkhFk;. epkpj;jk; vDkplj;J> “xt;NthnuhOf;fj;ij aLj;J Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; KjYk; KbTkhfj; njhFj;J mt;nthOf;fj;jpw;F ,d;wpaikahj; njhlu;Giladtw;iwr; Rl;Ltjhk;.” (njhy;fhg;gpag; nghUl;glyg; Gj;Jiu> g.48) vd NrhkRe;ju ghujpahu; $wpAs;s fUj;J vz;zj;jf;fJ. Ky;iy epyj;jpy; fhu;g;gUtk; fz;L jiytp Mw;whJ tUe;Jifapy; Njhop> ‘,J gUtkd;W’ vdf;


TdLm 91

Fwpg;gpl;Lj; Njw;WjYk;> jiytd; ghriwf;fz; Mw;whJ $WjYkhd epkpj;jq;fs; ,Uj;jYf;F cupadthFk;. ,Uj;jypy; fw;G newp rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; fw;Gf;F Ky;iy kyu; ,iaGglf; $wg;gLfpwJ. Ky;iyj;jpiz fw;G Ky;iy> Ky;iy rhd;w fw;G vd czu;j;jg;gLfpwJ. ,jid ek;gpafg;nghUs;>

“fstpd; topte;j fw;Gk; nghw;gik fstpd;top thuhf; fw;Gnkd; whq;F Kw;glf; fpse;j fw;gpU tifj;Nj” (E}w;.55)

vd tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. fw;G tho;T fsT ntspg;gl;L kzk; nfhs;Sjy;> jkuhy; kzk; nfhs;Sjy; vd;wpU epiyfspy; epfOfpwJ. ,t;thW cyfnewpapy; xd;wpize;j jiytDk; jiytpAk; Gzu;r;rpapy; cs;sk; kfpo;e;J> Clypy; CbAk;> gpupthy; xOfpAk; tho;nta;Jfpd;wdu;. ,jidj; njhy;fhg;gpak;>

“kiwntspg; gLjYe; jkupw; ngWjYk; ,itKj yhfpa ,andwp jpupahJ kypTk; GytpAk; ClYk; czu;Tk; gpupnthL Gzu;e;J fw;ngdg; gLNk” (njhy;. nghUs;.> E}w;.488)

vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,y;yw khe;ju; ,UtUk; ,aw;if gpwohJ ,d;gk; Ja;j;jiy tho;tpay; newpahf czu;j;JfpwJ. FLk;g tho;tpidf; Fwpf;Fk; fw;G vd;w nrhy;> mjd; newp fhyg;Nghf;fpy; ngz;Zf;Fz;lhd xOf;fj;jpd; FwpaPlhff; fUf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. “fztdplj;jpy; md;ghw; jOtpa ,y;yw khz;G kfspu;f;F khe;ju;khl;L epfOk; kdepfo;r;rp mJTk; kdj;jhd; czuf;fplg;gJ. kdj;jhw; czu;e;j fw;G nja;tj;jpNyw;wp gpizj;J jd; fztidj; nja;tnkd;W czu;tNjhu; Nkw;Nfhs; (njhy;fhg;gpak; nghUspay; ciutsk;> g.107). vd;W f.nts;is thuhzhu; tpsf;fkspf;fpwhu;. \ ‘fw;G topg;gl;lts; guj;ij Vj;jpDk;’ (njhy;. nghUs;.> E}w;.229)> ‘fw;Gk; fhkKk; ew;ghy; xOf;fKk;’ (njhy;. nghUs;.> E}w;.150)> vdf; fw;G ngz;ikf;F czu;j;jg;gLfpwJ. vdpDk; njhy;fhg;gpak; $Wk; fw;G ,UghyUf;Fk; nghJthdjhFk;. ‘fw;G capiutpl> ehiz tplr; rpwe;jJ’ (njhy;. nghUs;.> E}w;.111). ,f;fw;gpidg; Gyd;fhl;rpapNyh> ep&gzj;jpNyh mwpaKbahJ. cs;sj;jpy; Jspu;j;J cs;s ntspg;ghlha; miktjhy;> “ehl;ba kugpd; neQ;Rnfhspd; my;yJ fhl;lyhfhg; nghUs;” (njhy;. nghUs;.> E}w;.243) vdj; njhy;fhg;gpau; $WtJ vz;zj;jf;fJ. ,f; fw;gpid ep&gdj;jpd; nghUl;L mfta Vf;fj;jpidj; jiytd; jiytpau; fw;gpd;top ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. ,UtUk; ,d;Gw;W xUtiu vz;zp xUtUk;> xUtUf;fhf kw;nwhUtUk; capuha;> czu;tha; ,Uj;jy; epfo;j;Jtjhy; Ky;iyj;jpiz fw;Gf;F cupajhfpwJ. mj;jpiz rhu;e;j kyUk; fw;gpw;Fr; rhd;whfpwJ. $bapUj;jy; kdpj tho;tpy; cau;epiy ,d;gkhf czug;gLtJ. jiytd; jiytp ,UtUk; $bapUj;jyhFk;. ,d;g tho;Tk; mtw;wpd; GidTfSk; rq;f mfg; ghly;fspd; ghLnghUshFk;. Gzu;jypd; ,d;gk; $bapUf;Fk; fhyj;J czug;gLtijtplg; gpupe;jpUf;ifapy; epide;J tUe;JkhW Iq;FWE}w;W Ky;iyj;jpizg; ghly;fs; ghlg;ngw;Ws;sd. fhjy; nra;J jpUkzk; Gupe;J mfkhe;ju;fspd; ,y;ywg; ghq;fpid mwpatUk; nrtpyp> mtu;fs; $bapUj;jiyf; fz;L ,d;Gw;W mjid ew;whaplk; $Wtjhfr; nrtpyp $w;Wg; gj;Jg; ghly;fs; czu;j;Jfpd;wd. cld;Nghf;fpd;topf; fw;G tho;T Nkw;nfhz;l mfkhe;ju;fspd; ,d;g tho;tpidf; fz;l nrtpyp cs;sk; kfpo;fpwhs;. jiytDk; jiytpAk; jd; ,y;yw tho;f;ifapy; ,dpJ kfpo;e;jpUe;jdu; (Iq;.401>402). FWQ;rpupg;gpid cila Gjy;td; rpWNjupid cUl;b kfpOk; jspu;eil fz;ldu; (Iq;.403). jiytp jdJ Foe;ijf;Fg; ghY}l;l jiytd; mt;tpUtiuAk; Nru;j;J mizj;jhd; (Iq;.404). jiytp rpwe;j kidf;F cupatshdhs; (Iq;.405). kfd; tpisahba nghOJfspy; jiytd; jiytpiaj; jOtp ,d;gk; nfhz;lhd; (Iq;.406). ghzu;


TdLm 92

,irj;j Ky;iyahopd; ,iriaf; Nfl;Lj; jiytDk;> jiytpAk; jOtp ,d;Gw;wdu; (Iq;.407). Gjy;tNdhL ,ize;J kfpo;e;jpUe;jdu;: ,d;Gw;wdu; (Iq;.408). Gjy;tidj; jOtpapUe;jj; jhiaf; fz;l jiytd; Gjy;tidAk;> jhiaAk; Nru;j;Jj; jOtp ,d;Gw;wpUe;jhd; (Iq;.409). ,j;jifa fhl;rpfspy; md;gpy; gpize;j jiytd; jiytpapd; fw;G tho;tpidr; nrtpyp fhz;fpwhs;: ,d;GWfpwhs;. ,jidj; ‘JdpjPu; nfhs;if’ vd;fpwhs;.

“,dpjpUe; jdNd neLe;jif JdpjPu; nfhs;ifj;jd; Gjy;tndhL nghype;Nj” (Iq;.408)

‘JdpjPu;f; nfhs;if’ vd;gJ Jd;gj;jpidj; jPu;j;j nfhs;ifahFk;. ‘nfhs;if’ vd;w nrhy;ypw;Ff; fw;G> Nfhs;epiy (njhy;. nghUs;. E}w;. 149) Mfpa nghUz;ikfis ,sk;G+uzu; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. ,q;F Fwpj;j ‘nfhs;if’ vd;gJ xj;j md;gpdu; $b ,y;yw tho;tpy; Jd;gk; jPu;e;j ,d;gk; ngw;W cyfpay; rhu;e;j gad;ngWjiyf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,jid> “cyfpd;GWk;gb vO gpwg;Gk; jPait jPz;lh” (ngh.Nt. NrhkRe;judhu; (c.M.)> Iq;FWE}W> gf;.669–670.) vdg; ngh.Nt. NrhkRe;judhu; $Wfpwhu;. jiytd; jiytpapd; ,d;g tho;T cyfpaypy; mikjy; Ntz;Lk;. mtu;jk; ,d;gk; jPait mZfhjjhapd; ngWk; rpwg;gpw;FupajhFk;. MfNt> nrtpyp ,t;tpd;gj;ijj; ‘JdpjPu;f; nfhs;if’ vdf; Fwpj;Js;shs; vd czuyhk;. $w;Wf;fspy; ,Uj;jy; mfj;jpizg; ghly;fSs; khe;ju;fspd; #oiy> gz;Gfis> czu;Tfis mtu;fspd; $Wk; fUj;jhfNt Fwpg;gpLjiyf; $w;W vd;gu;. $w;W vd;gJ $Wjy;> nrhy;Yjy;> tpsf;Fjy;> njspTgLj;Jjy;> Gupjiy cz;lhf;Fjy; Mfpa jd;ikj;jhdjhFk;. ghly;fspy; cs;s $w;wpid ciuahly; gz;Gfis ehlfg;ghq;F vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLNthu; cz;L. fsT> fw;G ,iae;j mftho;tpy; khe;ju;fspd; $w;wpw;fhd vy;iyfisj; njhy;fhg;gpak; tiuaWf;fpd;wJ (njhy;.nghUs;.>E}w;. 237). Iq;FWE}w;W Ky;iyg; ghly;fspy; jiytd;> jiytp> Njhop> nrtpyp> ghzd;> fhjy; czu;e;Njhu; Mfpa khe;ju;fspd; $w;WfNs ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. thapyhfr; nray;gLk; khe;ju;fs; jk;Kila $w;Wf;fis ntspg;gilahfNt $Wtu; (njhy;. nghUs;.> E}w;.237). jk;Kila nfhs;ifapypUe;J khWglhky; $w;W epfo;j;Jtu; (njhy;. nghUs;.> E}w;.73). khe;ju;fs; nrhy;nyjpu; nkhope;j $w;Wf;fis ciuj;jNghJk; my;y $w;Wk; epfo;j;jpAs;sdu; (njhy;. nghUs;.> E}w;.108). (my;y $w;nwd;gJ> ‘Nfl;Nghupy;yh fpstp’ vdj; njspayhk;) Iq;FWE}w;wpy; tUk; khe;ju;fspd; $w;Wf;fis> jdpf;$w;W> FOf;$w;W> tUzidf; $w;W vdg; gFf;fyhk;. ,f;$w;Wf;fs; Njw;Wjy;> J}J tpLj;jy;> Iak; jPu;j;jy;> gpupTj; Jd;gk; ePf;Fjy;> jhDw;w ,d;g Jd;gj;jpidg; gpwuplk; $Wjy; Mfpa czu;T epiyfspy; epfo;e;Js;sd. jdpf;$w;W Iq;FWE}w;W Ky;iyj;jpizapy; jiytd;> jiytp> Njhop> nrtpyp> ghzd; MfpNahupd; jdpf;$w;Wg; ghly;fs; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. jdpf;$w;W ghly;fis K.kzpNty;> ‘Nfl;Nghupy;yhf; fpstp’ (jkpo; ,yf;fpa mfg;nghUs; kuGfs;> g.2) vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. mfkhe;ju;fs; jq;fsJ ,y;tho;tpy; gz;gpw;Nfw;gTk; fhuz fhupa ,iagpw;Nfw;gTk; jdpf;$w;W epfo;j;Jfpd;wdu;. ,jid mkpu;jnfsup> “FWfpa ghly;fspy; FOf; $w;Wf;fis epfo;j;JtJ mtu;fsJ csg;ghq;Fk; cyfpay; newpAk; Gyg;gLfpwJ. rq;fg; ghly;fspy; ehlfj; jdpAiuahlNy kpFjpAk; mike;Js;sJ. mJ NgRNthupd; kdepiy my;yJ gz;igNa fhl;lty;yJ. Nfl;Nghupd; czu;Tfisf; fpsj;jty;yJ md;W” (rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; ciuahly;> g.118) vdf;$Wk; fUj;J fhl;lj;jf;fJ. fpotd; fpoj;jpaupd; ,y;ywg; ghq;fpid mwpar;nrd;w nrtpyp> mtu;fsplk; md;Gw;w cyfpay; newpiaf; fz;ljhf ew;whaplk; $Wfpwhs;. Nfl;Nghuhf ew;wha; ,Ue;jtplj;Jk; ,g;ghly;fis mtsJ jdpf;$w;whff; fUjKbfpwJ. khe;ju;fspd; md;G tho;;f;if fz;L jd;Ds;sk; nefpo;r;rpAWfpwhs;. ghzd; ,dpa ahopir kPl;l> khiyg;nghOjpy; jiytp Gjy;tidj; jOtpapUf;fpwhs;. ,UtiuAk; Nru;j;Jj; jiytd; jOtpapUf;fpwhd;. ,k; khiyg;nghOjpw;F epfuhd NtnwhU nghOjpy;iy (Iq;.416) vd cs;sk; nefpo;fpwhs;. ,j;jifa


TdLm 93

ghly;fs; jdpnkhop ciuahlyhf mike;jpUf;fpd;wd. nrtpyp $w;Wg; gj;jpy; tUk; gj;Jg; ghly;fspy; xd;gJ ghly;fs; ew;wha; Nfl;gjhf mike;Js;sd. ,Wjpg; ghly; nrtpyp jd;Ds; cte;j jdpf;$w;whf mike;Js;sJ. jiytd;> Nte;jd; tpLj;j njhopypd;ghy; gpupe;J nry;fpwhd;. mtd; tpLj;j tpidKbahjjhy; ghriwapy; jq;Ffpwhd;. jiytpiaf; fhzhky; Jd;GWk; #oypy; jdpnkhop NgRfpwhd;. jiytd; gUtj;jpy; tuhky; fhyk; jho;j;Jifapy; Mw;whikahy; griy glu;;e;J> Jd;gk; jPuhky; jiytp tUe;Jifapy; jdpf;$w;W epfo;j;Jfpwhs;.

“khw;wUe; jhid Nehf;fp ahw;wT kpUj;jy; Nte;jdJ njhopNy” (Iq;.451) “ngUQ;rpd Nte;jDk; ghriw Kdpah dpUq;fyp ntw;gd; W}Je; Njhd;wh jijapiy thio KOKj yira ,d;dh thilA kiyf;F nkd;dh Fntd;nfh yspnad; ahNd” (Iq;.460) “nkd;Nwh sha;ftpd; kiwa nghd;Gid gPuj; jyu;nra; jd;Nw” (Iq;.452) “ ghzu; ngUkfd; gpupe;njd khzy kpoe;jntd; fz;Nghd; wdNt” (Iq;.458)

vdtUk; ghlybfs;> Jd;gj;jpy; tUe;jpa nghOJ epfo;e;j jdpf;$w;whf miktijf; fhzKbfpwJ. ,j; jdpf;$w;wpidj; jiytp jd; kdNthl;lq;fisg; Gyg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> Mw;whikiaj; Njw;Wtjw;Fk; epfo;j;Jtjhff; fUjKbfpwJ. FOf;$w;W Ky;iyj;jpizapy; xU ghlypy; kl;LNk FOf;$w;W mike;Js;sJ. khe;ju;fSk; thapy;fSk; jk; kdNthl;lq;fisg; gupkhwpf; nfhs;tjw;Ff; FOf;$w;W mikfpd;wJ. kd;dd; Nghu;g; ghriwg;gzp mwptpj;Jk; mj;njhopw;Fj; jiytd; nry;yhf; fhyq;fspy; fhjy; czu;e;Njhu; epfo;j;Jfpd;wdu;. ,jidf; FOf;$w;W vdyhk;. jiytpapd; md;Gk;> mtsJ gizj;NjhSk; jiytid Nte;jd; mwptpj;j tpidf;Fr; nry;yhky; jLj;J tpl;ld vdf; $Wtjhfj; njupfpwJ. ,f;fUj;jike;j ghly; tUkhW:

“khiy ntz;fho; fhtyu; tPr eWk;G+k; Gwtp ndhLq;FKa ypupAk; Gd;Gy ehld; klkf zyq;fpsu; gizj;Njhs; tpyq;fpd nryNt” (Iq;.421)

Njw;Wjy; Njw;Wjy; vd;gJ ,U #oy;fspy; mike;Js;sJ. Nghu;tapw; gpupe;J nrd;w jiytid vz;zpj; jiytp tUkplj;Jk;> Nte;jd; tpLj;j ghriwg;gzp ePs;ifapy; jiytd; JaUWkplj;Jk; Njw;Wjy; epfo;fpwJ. NkYk; jiytd; nrd;w topj;jlk; Jd;gk; kpFe;jJ vdj; jiytp Jd;GWk;NghJ mtisj; Njhop Njw;Wfpwhs;. mtd; nrd;w top Jd;gk; jUtjy;y vdf;$wpj; Njw;Wfpwhs;. ‘ed;Nw fhjyu; nrd;w MNw’ (Iq;.431-440) vd;W Kjybahf mike;j gj;Jg; ghly;fspYk; Njw;Wjy; nkhopfpwhs;. jiytdpd; topj;jlk; ghiy my;y: topj;jlk; twl;rpAilaJ my;y: mg;gFjp Nrhiyfshy; epiwe;jit: kapy;fs; jd;ngilAld; tpisahLfpd;wd: khd;fs; jd; gpizAld; Js;sp kfpo;fpd;wd: Ky;iy> jstk;> nfhd;iw> nea;jy;> FUe;jk;> Njhd;wp kyu;fs; kyu;e;Js;sd vdf; $wpj; Njw;Wfpwhs;. fhu;fhy tuthff; fUjp tUe;jpa jiytpiaf; fz;lj; Njhop> ‘tk;g khup nghopfpwJ. ,jidf; fhu;fhyk; vd kaq;fhNj’ (Iq;.462) vdj; Njw;Wfpwhs;.


TdLm 94

J}J tpLj;jypy; $w;W ghzd; gj;Jg; ghly;fs; J}Jg; nghUspy; ghlg;gl;Ls;sd. tUe;jpa jiytDf;Fk; jiytpf;FkpilNa epyTk; #oiy vLj;Jiug;gNj ,j;J}jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. J}J mfj;jpy; jtpu;f;f KbahjjhfpwJ. ,j;J}jpidr; rq;fr; r%fk; Vw;Wk;> vjpu;nkhope;Jk;> nrtpkLj;Jk; epfo;j;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,it jdpf;$w;W tifiar; rhu;e;jit. J}J khe;juhd ghzu;fs; Nfl;Nghuhf ,Ue;J khe;ju;fspd; czu;Tfis cs;thq;fpAs;sdu;. Iq;FWE}w;wpy; 471-480 Mfpa gj;Jg; ghly;fs; J}J rhu;;e;jdthf mwpaKbfpwJ. J}jhf te;j ghzidf; Nfl;Nghdhf epWj;jpj; Njhop $w;whf ,uz;L ghly;fSk; (Iq;.471> 472)> jiytp $w;whf %d;W ghly;fSk; (Iq;.473> 474> 476)> jiytd; $w;whf %d;W ghly;fSk; (Iq;.477> 478> 479)> jiytp Nfl;Nghuhfg; ghzdplk; Njhop $wpajhf xU ghlYk; (Iq;.475) ghlg;gl;Ls;sd. ,k;khe;ju;fspd; $w;WfspYs;s czu;Tfisf; Nfl;Nghdhf ,Ue;j ghzd;> jiytdplk; jhd; neUq;fpf; $wpajhf Iq;FWE}w;wpy; 480 MtJ ghly; ghlg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g;ghly; ghzd; gj;jpy; ,Wjpapy; jiytdplk; J}jha; nrd;Wiuj;j $w;whf mikfpwJ.

“epdf;fpahk; ghzU ky;Ny nkkf;F ePAq; FUrpiy ay;iy khNjh epd;ntq; fhjyp jd;kidg; Gyk;gp aPupj Oz;f ZFj;j G+ry; Nfl;L kUsh NjhNa” (Iq;.480)

,f;$w;wpy; ghzDf;Fk; jiytDf;F ,ilNa neUq;fpa Mo;e;jfd;w el;G Gyg;gLfpd;wJ. ghriwj; njhopypdpd;W kPz;L jiytpapd; Mw;whik ePf;fr; nry;y Ntz;Lk; vdj; jiytidg; ghzd; typAWj;Jfpwhd;. <upjo; cz;fz; ePu; cFj;j G+ry; Nfl;L mUs;tha; vd;W jiytid tw;GWj;Jfpwhd;. KbTiu Ky;iyj; jpizapYs;s E}W ghly;fspy; Ik;gJ ghly;fs; jd;Ds;Ns cte;j jdpf;$w;Wfshfg; ghlg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jpy; nrtpyp> jiytd; $w;Wf;fspy; ,d;gj;jpy; jpisg;gjhd $bapUj;jiyg; ghLfpwJ. jiytp $w;Wf;fspy; Mw;whikahy; epfOk; ,Uj;jiyAk;> Njhop $w;Wf;fspy; Mw;whjpUj;jiyAk; Mw;Wtpj;jyhfTk; ghlw;nghUs; mike;Js;sijf; fhzKbfpwJ. ghzd; $w;Wf;fspy; jiytd; ghzdpd; el;GwTk;> ,y;tho;f;ifapd; ePNuhl;lfj;ijj; J}jpd; %yk; typAWj;Jtjhf mikfpwJ. khe;ju;fspd; $w;Wf;fspy; ,Uj;jy; jd;ikAk;> mftaf; fw;Gj;jpwDk;> xg;g cau;e;j xOf;fnewpAk;> md;gpd; Gyg;ghLk; ghlypy; ikakhf mike;J Ky;iyj; jpizapd; gz;gpw;F mwd;Nru;g;gij mwpaKbfpwJ.


TdLm 95

esntz;gh vLj;Jiuf;Fk; rKjha mwk;

f.N[hjpKUfd;

cjtpg; Nguhrphpau;> jkpopay; Jiw kNdhd;kzpak; Re;judhh; gy;fiyf;fofk;> jpUney;Ntyp

kdpj tho;f;ifapy; kdpjd; jhd; ngw;w nfhs;iffis Nehf;fpr; nry;y rpy r%f ,yf;fpaq;fs; gad;gLfpd;wJ. ,yf;fpaq;fs; fhl;lf; $ba xspapd; Jizf;nfhz;L gbg;Nghh; mf;Fwpg;gpl;l r%jhaj;jpD}Nl top ele;Jr; nrd;W cz;ikia czh;fpd;wdh;. ,jdhy; r%f mtyj;ij ntspf;fhl;LtijAk;> Jd;gg;gLtijAk; ghpT nra;Ak;> mtw;iw czUk; mDgtj;ij rpy ,yf;fpaq;fs; ntspf;fhl;LtjhfTk; mikfpd;wJ. kf;fs; Xhplj;jpy; $b cwT KiwfNshL gpizf;fg;gl;L thOk; FO mikg;Ng r%fk; vdg;gLfpwJ. “r%fk; vd;gJ kf;fis kpf neUf;fkhfg; gpizf;fty;y fl;Lg;ghLila murpay;> rkak; Nghd;w epWtdq;fspy; jq;fis ,uz;lw ,izj;Jf; nfhz;L rpy tpjpKiwfSf;F cl;gl;L Fwpg;gpl;l ,lj;jpy; $b thOk; kf;fs; FO” vd;W g. jkpourp Gjpa jiyKiw ghh;itAk; gilg;Gk; (g.30) tpsf;fk; jUfpwhh;. kdpjd; jd;de;jdpahf tho;gtd; my;yd;. $bthOk; ,ay;Gilatd;. kdpj tho;T r%jhar; #oy;fshNyNa eph;zapf;fg;gLfpd;wd. kdpj MSif r%jhaj;jpd; kPJk;> r%jhaj;jpd; MSif jdpkdpjd; kPJk;> ,Wfg; gbe;J xd;iwnahd;W khw;wpf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,yf;fpaKk; r%jhaKk; vg;NghJk; ,ize;Nj fhzg;gLk;. r%ff; $Wfis mbg;gilaf; nfhz;lNj ,yf;fpak; MFk;. r%jhak; vd;gJ gy FLk;gq;fspd; njhFg;G MFk;. mjpy; Kiwahd cwT epiyfs; fhzg;gLk; ,jd; mbg;gilapy; jhd; FLk;gk; vd;w mikg;G cUthfpwJ. “r%jhak; vd;gJ cwT epiyfspd; mikg;G KiwahFk;. kdpj ,dj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; cwT epiyfspd; mikg;G KiwNa xU KiwikNa xU ghzpNa r%jhak; vdg;gLk” ;. vd;W r%jha cwT Kiwf;F gh];fud;. Gjpa jiyKiw ghh;itAk; gilg;Gk; (g.30); $Wk; fUj;J Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. kf;fspd; vz;zq;fshYk;> gbf;f tof;fq;fshYk;> Vw;gLk;> XOf;fk; mth;fs; thOk; r%jhaj;jpd; jd;ikapid vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. “rkak;> gz;ghL> mwptpay;> murpay;> ehl;Lg;gw;W Kjypatw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L thOk; kf;fs; $l;lj;ijNa r%jhak;” vd jpUehTf;fuR f.j. jkpo;r; rKjhaj;jpd; Njhw;wKk; vd;w njhptpf;fpd;whh;. kdpjd; jdf;fhf tiuaWj;Jf; nfhz;l xOf;f newpapd; njhFjpfspd; KOikahd tbtk; mwk;. gpwpT NjhWk; kdpjidg; gw;wpf; nfhz;L tUk; tpistpd; gadhfpa mwpahikia mWj;njwptNj mwk; vd;w tpsf;fk; Md;kPf Kiwapy; jug;gLfpd;wJ. mij gF;Jf; $Wjy; vspjd;W mwnkd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUis tiuaWj;J tpsf;fk; jUtJ Nghy gy rpf;fy;fs; Njhd;Wfpd;wd. fhuzk; mr;nrhy; fhyg;Nghf;fpy; gy;NtW nghUs;fis czh;j;Jk; nrwpT tha;e;j nrhy;yhfr; rpwg;Gw;W tpsq;FfpwJ mwk; vd;w nrhy;. esntz;ghtpy; #jpy; jd;ikahf mwj;ij vLj;Jiuf;Fk; NghJ>

“mwj;ij Nth; fy;Yk; mUeufpw; Nrh;f;Fk; jpwj;ij nfhz;lUshj; Nja;f;Fk;” (218)

vd #J mwj;ij NtNuhL mopf;Fk; vd;fpwJ.


TdLm 96

xU kdpjd; mwnewpAld; vt;thW tho Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk;> xU kdpjd; vt;thW thof;$lhJ vd;gijAk; vLj;Jiug;gNj esntz;gh. esd; kd;ddpd; eplj ehl;L r%jha kf;fs; epykfisg; Nghy nghWikAld; ,Ug;gijAk;> mwptpy; rpwe;jth;fshf ,Ug;gijAk; Rl;bAs;shh;. esehl;L kf;fisr; rhh;e;jth;fs; vg;nghOJk; cz;ik newpapy; ,Ue;J tpyfhky; ,Ug;gij $Wfpwhh;. ,jid>

“fyq;Ftd khspifNky; fhhpifahh; fz;Nz tpyq;Ftd nka;e;newpia tpl;L” (22:3-4)

vd;w thpfs; vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wd. khtpe;j r%jha kf;fs; E}y;fiy gapw;rp cilath;fs;> kfsph;fspd; kdjpy; tQ;rff; FzKk; ,y;yhky; ,Ug;gijAk;> gpr;irnaLj;jiy mwpahjth;fshf ,Ug;gijAk; mwpa KbfpwJ. esdpd; Ml;rpapidf; $Wk; NghJ gr;irf;fpspfSk; gUe;Jk; vt;thW gifia ePf;fp thOk; mstpw;F ntz;nfhw;wf; Filapd; fPo; eplj ehl;bid Mz;ltd; vd;gij

“jhjtpo;g+e; jhuhd; jdpf;fhj;jhd; - khjh; mU$l;Lk; itq;fpspAk; Mly; gUe;Jk; xU $l;by; tho cyF” (26:2-4)

,t;thpfs; fhz;gpf;fpd;wd. esd; jkae;jpapd; jpUkzj;jpd; NghJ Nrhjpld; fzf;F ghh;f;Fk; tof;fk; tPkehl;bilNa fhzg;gLfpwJ. fypkfd; jd; Mirapid epiwNtw;wplTk; esd;> jkae;jpiag; gphpf;fTk; jf;f jUdk; ghh;j;J fhj;Jf; nfhz;Ls;shd;. gpwh; kidahis mila epidj;J fyp> esd; jkae;jpapd; gd;dpuz;L fhy tho;it fopj;Jk; fhj;Jf; nfhz;Ls;shd;.

“Mz; (L) ,uz;L M(W) vy;iy msTk; jphpe;NjAk; fhz;jifa ntq;fypAk; fhz;(F) ,yhd; - ePz;lGfo;r; nre;newpahy; ghh;f;fhj;j nrq;Nfhy; epyNte;jd; jd;newpahy; Nt(W) Xh; jtW” (209:1-4)

vd;w mbfs; tpsq;fr; nra;fpwJ. GfNoe;jpahh; #jpdhy; tuf;$ba jPikapid

“fhjy; ft(W) Mly; fs;Sz;ly; ngha;k; nkhopjy; <jy; kYj;jy; ,itfz;lha; - Nghjpy; rpidahik itFk; jpUehlh nrk;ik epiahik g+z;lhh; newp”

,t;thpfspy; vLj;Jiuf;fpwhh;. #jpid NkNyhh; tpUk;ghh;> ey;Nthh; tpUk;ghh;> #jhLtij Nkw;nfhs;gth;fs; tpiy kfsphplj;J Mir itj;jtUk; neQ;rpy; tQ;rid cilah;fshf ,UNghh;fs; vd rhd;Nwhh;fs; $WtijAk; gjpT nra;fpwhh;. #jhl;lj;jpy; esd; gazg; nghUs;fisAk; gl;bay; ,l;L fhl;Lfpwhh; GfNoe;jp. #jhl;lj;jpy; ,uj;jpd khiy> ehy;tifg;gil> gzpg;ngz;fis ,bj;jy;> ehl;ilAk; ,Wjpapy; Njhw;W epd;whd; esd;. esdpd; epiy fz;l fypAk; Gl;fuDk; #jpy; gzag; nghUshf jkae;jpia itj;J tpisahl esdplk; ciuf;fpd;wdh;. Mdhy; esNdh jd; kidahis gzakhf itf;fhky; ehl;ilNa tpl;L ntwpNawp esid kPz;Lk; mwnewpapid jtwhj kd;ddhf fhl;Lfpwhh;. Ntld;> jkae;jpia Xh; murFyg; ngz; vd;W njhpe;Jk; mtd; kPJ nfhz;l ,r;irahy; ghk;gplk; ,Ue;J fhj;jtd;> jd; mwnewpapy; ,Ue;J tpyfpr; nry;tijAk; Mrphpah;

“,e;J Ejyp vopy;Nehf;fp VNjhjd; rpe;ij fUjpr; rpiyNtld; - ige;njhb eP NghJtha; vd;DlNd vd;whd;” (gh.308:1-3)

,e;j thpfspd; %yk; Rl;bfhl;Lfpwhh;.


TdLm 97

mNahj;jpapd; kd;ddhd ,UJgd;dd; jkae;jpia jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s vz;zpdhd; Mdhy; Ratuj;jpy; jkae;jp esdpd; fOj;jpy; khiyapid mzptpj;jhs;. esd; jae;jpiag; gphpe;J thFfd; vd;Wk; ngahpy; mNahj;jpia miljYk; gpd; esid jkae;jp NjLtJk; jkae;jp jd; ,uz;lhtJ Ratur; nra;jpia mwptpf;fr; nra;jYk; fijapid vLj;Jr; nry;fpwhh;. jd; fztd; esd; ehl;ilAk; #jhl;lj;jpy; ,oe;j gpd; fw;G newpAld; NtnwhU Miz epidf;fhky; mwj;Jld; ,Ue;jikAk; ntspg;gLj;jpAs;shh; ntz;ghtpd; Mrphpah;. esntz;gh vd;Wk; ,f;fpisf;fijapd; mwpjhd rpy ek;gpf;iffs;> njhopy;> gpwh;kid Nehf;fhik> vd;w fUj;Jf;fSk; ,lk; ngWfpwJ. ,f;fijapy; fhg;gpaf; $whd mwk; kw;Wk; ,d;gk; kl;LNk mjpfkhf ,lk;ngWfpwJ. gpd; ,f;fij rhgtpNkhr;rdj;Jf;Fk; topfhl;Ltjhf mikfpwJ.


TdLm 98

kzpNkfiy fpisf;fijfspd; ngsj;j mwf;fUj;Jfs;

Kidtu; R.Ngr;rpak;khs;

jkpopay; Jiw> cjtpg; Nguhrpupau; kNdhd;kzpak; Re;judhu; gy;fiyf;fofk;> jpUney;Ntyp

Kd;Diu kzpNkfiyapy; Kjd;ikf; fijf;Fj; Jizahf gyf;fpisf;fijfs; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. ,f;fpisf;fijfs; Kw;gpwg;Gf; $Wjy;> rpy Fwpg;gpl;l epfo;TfSf;Ff; fhuz fhhpak; fw;gpj;jy; rpy ek;gpf;iffs; my;yJ tpyf;FfSf;F tpsf;fk; mspj;jy; Mfpatw;wpw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg; ngw;Ws;sd. ,f;fpisf;fijfs; Fwpj;J Kj;Jrz;Kfk; ,uh.gpNukhTk; ,ize;J ,ul;ilf; fhg;gpaf; fpisf;fijfSk; Jizf;fijfSk; vd;w E}ypid ntsapl;Ls;sdh;. ,e;E}ypy; fpisf;fijfis tifik mbg;gilapy; NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;lhky; mjd; ,ay;Gfis fz;lwpe;J mit vt;tifahdf; fij tbtj;ijr; rhh;e;jit vd;gijf; fz;lwpe;J tpsf;fpAs;sdh;. NkYk; ,f;fpisf;fijfs; fhg;gpa tuyhw;iw rhh;e;J nry;tij tpl ngsj;j mwf;fUj;Jfis NgRfpwJ. ,f;fUj;Jfis tpsf;Ftij Nehf;fkhf nfhz;Ls;sJ. fpisf;fijfspd; Njhw;wk; fpNuf;f murpay; ,yf;fpa Qhdpahd ‘mhp];lhl;by;” Kjd; Kjyhff; ‘fpisf;fij’ gw;wpa rpe;jidiag; goq;fhyj;jpNyNa Njhw;Wtpj;jhh;. ,tNu fpisf;fijiag; gw;wpa ,yf;fzj;ijAk; je;J tpsf;fpAs;shh;. ,f;fpisf;fijia ,th; ‘Episode” vd;w fpNuf;fr; nrhy;yhy; Fwpj;jhh;. (Kj;Jrz;Kfk;> ,uh.gpNukh>2014:2) ftpijf; fiyAk; Nghyr; nra;Ak; Kiwapy; gilf;fg;gLk; fiyahjyhy; mJ ikaepfo;r;rp xd;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L gilf;fg;ngWjy; Ntz;Lk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;l ikaf;fij KOik tha;e;jjhf mika mjidr; Rw;wpg; gpd;dg;gLk; fpisf;fijfSk; ikaf; fijapypUe;J gphpj;Jf;fhz KbahjthW fl;likg;G epiyapy; xd;wplNtz;Lk;. ,tw;wpy; xd;iw ePf;fpdhYk;> ,lkhwp mikj;jhYk;> mjd; KOikj; jd;ik rpije;J fl;likg;Gf; Fiye;JtpLk;. ePf;fptpl;lhYk;> Nrh;j;Jf; nfhz;lhYk;. mjd; KOikf;Fk; vt;tpjj; jPq;Fk; tpistpf;fhj fpisf;fij> mjd; fl;likg;NghL caph;njhlh;Gila cWg;ghf tpsq;f KbahJ vd;fpwhh; mhp];lhl;by; (Kj;Jrz;Kfk;. ,u.gpNukh>2014:3) MfNt> fpisf;fij vd;gJ fhg;gpa ikaf; fijAld; ,ize;j> mjhtJ xd;wpa fijahfNt tuNtz;Lk; vd;fpwhh;. xd;whj fpisf;fijiaf; ,th; Nghw;wtpy;iy vd;W njhpfpwJ. jtpu> fhg;gpaf; fl;likg;G nrwpthf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy;> fpisf;fij ikaf;fijAld; jpwk;gl ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk; mhp];lhl;by; Rl;Lfpwhh;. (NkyJ : 2014) mhp];lhl;bYf;Fg; gpd;dh; fhg;gpa ,yf;fzq;fisg; gw;wp Muha;e;j gp;Nsl;Nlh> Mgh;fpuhk;gp> rp.vk;. ngsuh> vg;> vy;. Yfh]; nfh; Nghd;w INuhg;gpa ,yf;fpa mwpQh;fs; fpisf;fijfisf; fhg;gpa cWg;ghfr; Rl;br; nrd;wpUf;fpd;wdh;. gpd;G te;j Mq;fpyf; fiyr;nrhy; mfuhjpfSk; fijf;fsQ;rpaq;fSk; ,t;twpQh;fs; Rl;br; nrd;w fpisf;fijfis Ma;e;J> fpisf;fijfSf;fhd nghJ tpsf;fq;fis ey;FapUf;fpd;wd. Vwf;Fiwa me;E}y;fs; fPo;f;fz;l tpsf;fj;ijNa fpisf;fijfSf;F jUfpd;wd. xU epfo;r;rp my;yJ xU fhl;rp vLj;Jiuf;Fk; ghq;fpy; $wg;gl;bUf;Fk;. %yf;fijapypUe;J ,ay;ghfj; Njhd;wpAk;> Mdhy; mjpypUe;J jdpikg;gLj;Jk; tpjkhfTk; mike;jpUf;Fk;. fpisf;fij> xU kdpjd; tho;f;ifapy; ele;j xU epfo;r;rpahfTk; mikayhk;. fpisf;fij> %yf;fijg; gpd;dYld; xU rpy Neuq;fspy; xd;wp tUfpwJ. (NkyJ 2014)


TdLm 99

fpisf;fijg; gw;wpa %d;W khWg;gl;l vz;zq;fs; fhye;NjhWk; ,yf;fpa tifkhw;wk; Vw;gLtJ Nghy;> fpisf;fijg;gw;wpa vz;z khw;wKk;> mjhtJ fUj;J khw;wKk;> me;je;jf; fhy ,yf;fpar; R+oYf;Nfw;g ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ. fhg;gpa fhyj;jpw;Fr; rw;W Kw;gl;l fhyj;jpy;>fpNuf;f mty ehlfq;fspy; ,uz;L ghly;fSf;F ,ilNa mikf;fg;gl;l gFjpiaf; fpisf;fij vd;w ngauhy; Fwpg;gpl;ldh;. ,e;jf; fUj;J jkpOf;Fg; nghUe;jhJ. fhg;gpa fhyj;jpy; fhg;gpa ikaf;fijapD}Nl nrhy;yg;gl;bUf;Fk; kw;nwhU fijiaf; fpisf;fijahff; Fwpj;jdh;. ,e;j vz;zj;jpd; mbg;gilapNyNa fhg;gpaf; fpisf;fijahff; Fwpj;jdh;. ,e;j vz;zj;jpd; mbg;gilapNyNa fhg;gpaf; fpisf;fijfisg; gphpj;J Ma;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,d;iwa Gjpa ,yf;fpa fhyj;jpy;> ehtypy; tUk; Jiz khe;jh;fspd; fijfs; fpisf;fijfshff; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j> %d;W fhy vz;z Xl;lj;ijAk; Fog;gpf;nfhs;Sjy; MfhJ. ehty; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; tUk; fpisf;fijia Ma;gth;fs;. fhg;gpaf; fhyf; fUj;ijg; nghUj;jp Ma;jy; $lhJ. mJNghyNt> fhg;gpaf; fpisf;fijiag; gw;wp Ma;T nra;gth;fSk;> ,f;fhy ehty; ,yf;fpa vz;zj;ijg; GFj;jp Ma;jy; $lhJ. ,tw;iwj; jdpj;jdpahf mit tUk; ,yf;fpa tifapd; R+o;eiyapy; Ma;jy; Ntz;Lk;. (Kj;Jrz;Kfk;> ,uh.gpNukh>2014:18) fpisf;fijfspd; ,yf;fzk; njhlh;e;J tpsf;f eilapy; nrhy;yg;gLk; fhg;gpa ikaf;fijapD}Nl mikAk; xU fij epfo;r;rp. xU epfo;r;rp my;yJ fhl;rp fijg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mJ> ntspg;gilahfNt ghpzkspj;Jj; Njhd;Wk;. mjhtJ> fijahdJ gbg;gthpd; Cf;fj;jpw;F tplg;glhJ. fhg;gpag; GytuhNyNa tpthpf;fg;gl;l jd; ikajha; mike;jpUf;Fk;. ngUk;ghYk; $w;WKiwap;y; mike;jpUf;Fk; kpfr;rpWghd;ik khWgl;Lk; mikayhk;. $w;Wf;Fhpatuhff; fhg;gpag; ghj;jpuq;fNsh> fhg;gpag; GytNuh mikth;.fhg;gpaf; fpisf;fijfs; ele;j fijahfNt mike;jpUf;Fk;. ngUk;ghYk; fhg;gpak; ele;j fhyj;jpw;F Kd;G ele;jjhf mike;jpUf;Fk;. rpWghd;ik ,lq;fspy; fhg;gpak; ele;j fhyj;jpy; ele;jpUe;jhYk; elf;fpd;w epfo;r;rpahf mikahky;> ele;j epfo;r;rpahfNt mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,e;ehd;ifAk; fpisf;fijfisg; gphpj;jwptjw;F gad;gLk; mbg;gil ,yf;fzkhff; nfhs;syhk;. (Kj;Jr;rz;Kfk;. ,uh. gpNukh> 2014:9-10) kzpNkfiyf; fhg;gpaj;jpy; gj;njhd;gJ fpisf; fijfs; clypd; cWg;Gfshf mike;J epw;fpd;wd. ,f;fhg;gpaj;ijf; fpisf;fijfshy;; fl;lg;gl;l fhg;gpak; vd;Nw $wyhk;. me;j mstpw;Ff; fpisf;fijfs; ikaf;fijia mOj;jp jhk; NkNyhq;fp epw;fpd;wd. kzpNkfiyapy; mike;jpUf;Fk; fpisf;fijfs; fhg;gpa tuhyhw;Wf;fhf> fhg;gpag; Nghf;Ff;Fr; rpwg;Gk; Mf;fKk; jUtd vd;gijtpl> fhg;gpag; Gythpd; nfhs;ifahd ngsj;jk; NgRjy; vd;w nfhs;iff;F rpwg;Gk; Mf;fKk; je;J epw;fpd;wd. rhj;jdhh; jd; ngsj;j kjf; nfhs;iffis tpsf;fg; ngUghd;ikahd fpisf;fijfis vLj;jhz;Ls;shh;. ,f;fpisf;fijfisr; rhj;jdhh; fw;ghh; kdq;nfhs;SkhW gilj;Js;shh; vd;gijtpl> jd; fUj;Jf;fs; rpwf;FkhW gilj;Js;shh; vd;gNj nghUe;Jk;. fpisf;fijfspd; ngah; 1. Rjkjp fij (Kw;gFjp) 2.Rjkjp fij (gpw;gFjp) 3. rf;futhsf; Nfhl;lk; 4. kzpNkfiyapd; Kw;gpwg;Gf; fij – 1 5. kzpNkfiyapd; Kw;gpwg;Gf; fij> Rjkjp khjtp Mfpa ,Uthpd; Kw;gpwg;Gf;fij> 7. tpRthkpj;jpud; fij 8. MGj;jpud; fij 9. Mjpiu fij 10. rhJtd; fij 11. fharz;bif tuyhW 12. cjaFkhud; Kw;gpwg;Gf; fij 13. fe;jpw; ghitapd; tuyhW 14. kUjpapd; fij 15. tprhif – jUkjj;jd; fij 16. gPyptis – neLKbf;fps;sp tuyhW 17. fz;zfp Nfhtyd; Kw;gpwg;Gf;fij 18. Kd;Ndhd; Nfhtyd; fij kzpNkfyh nja;tj;jpw;Fk; Nfhtyd; guk;giuf;Fk; njhlh;G Vw;gl;l tuyhW. Rjkjp> jdpj;J kyh; nfha;ar; nrd;wjhy; jhd; mile;j Jd;gj;ij ,f;fijapd; %yk; vLj;Jr; nrhy;Yfpwhs;. ,f;fij> mf;fhyr; rKjhar; R+oiyg; gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ. ngz; xUj;jp jdpj;Jr; nry;tjpdhy; Vw;gLk; Jd;gj;ij Mrphpah; ,f;fijapd; %yk; fhl;Lfpwhh;. fhg;gpaj; jiytp kdgyj;ijAk; ,f;fij kiwKfkhf Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ. ,g;gbg;gl;l rKjhaj;jpy;>


TdLm 100

JwTG+z;l Nkfiy> rKjhaj;ij vjph;j;J epd;W> njhz;L nra;fpwhs; vd;fpwNghJ> mts; Jwtpd; rpwg;G ekf;Fj; njs;spjpd; GhpfpwJ. Jizikg; ghj;jpukhd Rjkjpiag; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s ,f;fij ekf;F cjTfpwJ. Rjkjp> Nkfiyaplk; nfhz;Ls;s md;gpd; Moj;ijAk; Nkk;ghl;ilAk; ,f;fijiaf; $Wtjd; %yk; Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbfpwJ. Jizikg; ghj;jpuj;jpd; fij vd;w epiyapy; ,J ,ay;ghff; fhg;gpaj;Jld; ,ize;J epd;W> fpisf;fijahfj; jpfo;fpwJ. Rjkjp fij - gpw;gpwg;G (gpw;gFjp) Kw;$wpa fijapd; njhlh;r;rp vd;whYk;> ,ijj; jdp xU fpisf;fijahff; nfhs;syhk;. rhj;jdhh; Rjkjp tho;f;ifia ,UNtW gFjpahf;fp> ,U NtW Nehf;fpy; fhg;gpaj;jpy; vLj;jhz;Ls;shh;. Nehf;fKk;> fijg;gFjpAk; NtWgLtjhy;> ,ijj; jdp xU fpisf; fijahff; nfhs;s KbfpwJ. fhg;gpaj; jiytdhd cjaFkhudplk;> Rjkjp jd; gpd; tho;f;iff; fijia vLj;Jf; $Wfpwhs;. ,f;fijia> rhj;jdhh;> Gj;jkjj;ijg; Nghw;Wtjw;fhf typa gilj;Jr; fhl;bAs;shh;. Rjkjpapd; je;ij nfsrpfd;> kfisf; fhzhky; kzk; tUe;jpdhd;. fd;dpahFkhpf;F ePuhlr; nry;Yk; topapNy fhtphpg;G+k;gl;bdj;ij aile;jhd.; rq;fKfj; JiwapNy ePuhbtpl;L tUk;NghJ topapNy Rjkjpiaf; fz;lhd;. mtsplk; nfhz;l md;gpdhy; mtd; RjkjpAlNdNa jq;fptpLfpwhd;. nfsrpfd; gpr;ir vLj;JtUk; czitf; nfhz;L Rjkjpiaf; fhj;Jte;jhd;. xUehs; mtd; gpr;irf;Fg; NghFk; NghJ> ,sk; fd;iwAila gR xd;W mtid Kl;btpl;lJ. mtd; tapW fpope;J Fly; rhpe;jJ. mtd; rhpe;j Fliyf; ifapNy jhq;fpf; nfhz;L Rjkjp jq;fpapUe;J rkzg; gs;spapNy GFe;jhd;. jd;ikf; fhf;Fk;gb Kiwapl;lhd;. rkz Kdpth;fs; mtd; KiwaPl;ilf; nfLf;;ftpy;iy. mtidAk;> RjkjpiaAk; ntspapNy js;sp tplNt ,jdhy; Jf;fk; mile;j nfsrpfd; RjkjpAk; tha;tpl;Lg; Gyk;gpf;nfhz;L tPjp topNa nrd;wdh;. mg;nghOJ gpr;irg; ghj;jpuj;ijr; ifapy; Ve;jp te;j rq;fjUkd; vd;Dk; ngsj;j Kdptd; mth;fisf; fz;L kdk; tUe;jp neUq;fp gpr;irg; ghj;jpuj;ijf; Rjkjpapd; ifapNy nfhLf;fpwhd;. nfsrpidj; NjhspNy J}f;fpr; nrd;W Gj;j rq;fj;jpNy Nrh;j;Jf; fhg;ghw;Wfpwhd;. ,f;fij Gj;jh;fSf;Fk; rkzh;fSf;Fk; cs;s Ntw;Wikiaf; $WfpwJ. ngj;jh;fisg; Gfo;e;jJ ,f;fijAk;> Jizfjh khe;jhpd; tho;f;ifiag; NgRtjhy; fhg;gpa ikaf;fijAld; ,ize;J epd;W> fpisf;fijahfj; jpfo;fpwJ. ,we;j capiu vj;nja;tj;jhYk; caph;ngwr; nra;a KbahJ .mt;Taph; jd; tpidf;Nfw;g kWgpwtp vLf;Fk; vd;w ngsj;j jj;Jtj;ij ,f;fij tpsf;fp epw;fpwJ.,f;fij %yk; fPo;f;fz;l ngsj;jf; nfhs;iffisg; NgRfpwhh;. rhj;jdhh;.Kw;gpwg;gpy; nra;j jPtpidahdJ kWgpwg;gpy; cWj;J te;J jPJk; ed;Wk; gpwh; ju thuh vd;w fUj;ij ,f;fij czh;j;JfpwJ. nfhiy mwk; Mk; vDk; nfhLe;njhopy; khf;fs; mtyg; gbw;Wiw Mq;fJ vd;w fUj;ijAk; ,f;fij $WfpwJ. mjhtJ> kd;;gijapd; Jah;jPhf;Fk; nghUl;L> Nts;tpf; fsj;jpy; xh; capUf;fhf kw;nwhU capiug; gypapLtJ mwkhfhJ mJ jPtpidNa MFk;. mjdhy; tpistJ Jd;gNk vd;gijAk; ,f;fij czh;j;JfpwJ. ,f;fUj;J ghh;g;gd kj mwpahikia vLj;Jiug;gjhFk;. nja;tj;jplk; tuk; Nfl;L epd;why;> mJ gopgl;Nlhh; Jah; jPh;f;Fk; tuj;ij toq;Fk; vd;w me;jzhpd; ek;gpf;if tuj;ij toq;Fk; vdr; rk;ghjp nja;tj;jpd; $w;W %yk; czu itf;fpwhh; rhj;jdhh;. ,we;Jgl;l capiuj; jpUk;gTk; gpwg;gpf;f KbahJ. mJ tpidf;Nfw;g kWgpwg;G vLf;Fk; vd;gij ,f;fij KbT $wp epw;fpwJ. rhj;jdhh;> xU jPtpu rkathjpahf ,Ue;jhYk;> rpwe;j gFj;jwpthjpahfTk; jpfo;tij ,f;fij vLj;Jf;fhl;LfpwJ. fhg;gpa ikaf;fij Xl;lj;jpw;F> ,f;fpisf;fij ve;jtpjj;jpYk; cWJizg; Ghpatpy;iy vd;whYk;> mk;ikaf; fij NgRk;. rkaj;ij ,f;fij NgRtjhYk;> fhg;gpaf;fij khe;jUs; xUj;jpahd kzpNkfyh nja;tk; ,f;fijiaf; $WtjhYk;> ,J fhg;gpaj;Jld; ,ize;J epw;fpwJ.


TdLm 101

kzpNkfiyapd; Kw;gpwg;Gf; fij-1 kzpNkfiy> jd; fhe;jsQ; nrq;ifiaj; jiyNky; Ftpj;J> Gj;j gPbifia> ,lKiw>tyKiw Rw;wp tzq;fp vOe;J> Kw;gpwg;ig tOtpd;wp czh;j;jpagpd;> jdf;F kWgpwtpapy; ,g;gpwtp czh;j;jpa gpukjUkd; vd;w Kdptid mff;fz; Kd; Kd;d;piyg;gLj;jp> jd; Kw;gpwg;G tuyhw;iwf; $Wfpwhh;. ,g;gbf; fhg;gpag; ghj;jpuky;yhj xU ghj;jpuk; fpisf;fijiaf; Nfl;gjhf kw;w ve;jf; fpisf;fijANk mikatpy;iy vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;f xd;whFk;. ,f;fij> Kw;gpwtpapy; kzpNkfiy ,yf;Fkp vd;w ngaUld;> ,utpth;kd; vd;w murDf;Fk;> mKjgjp vd;Dk; murpf;Fk; kfshf ,Ue;J tsh;tijf; $WfpwJ. gpd; ,uhFyd; vd;gtd; kidtpahfp mtd; jpl;btplk; fbj;J ,wf;f> mtDld; ,ts; caph;Jwe;jjhff; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. gpukjUkd; vd;w Kdptd; mUshy; Kw;gpwtpapNyNa ,g;gpwtpapy; elg;gijAk; ,yf;Fkp mwpe;jpUe;jhs;. kzpNkiyapd; Kw;gpwg;G fij – 2 kzpNkfiy> kzpNkfyh nja;tj;jplk;> ,f;fijiar; nrhy;YfpwJ. Mdhy; ,f;fij KOf;f KOf;f cjaFkhuidg; gw;wpg; Ngrtpy;iy. Nkfiy cjaFkhud; Mfpa ,UtUk; Kw;gpwg;gpy; Nrh;e;J mDgtpj;j xU epfo;r;rpiaf; $WfpwJ. Nkfiy Kw;gpwg;gpy; rhJrf;fuid cztpl;L cgrhpj;jyhy; ,g;gpwtpapd; gadhfpa ey;tpidia mDgtpf;fpwhs; vdf; fij $WfpwJ. ngsj;Jj; Jwtpfis cgrhpj;jy; vd;gJ rpwe;j ey;tpidahFk; vd;W ,f;fij %yk; rhj;jdhh; vLj;Jiuf;fpwhh;. Kw;gpwg;gpy; ,uhFydhf tpsq;fpatd; jhd; ,g;gpwg;gpy; cja Fkhudhfg; gpwg;ngLj;Js;shd; vd;W ,f;fij Kbtpy; kzpNkfyh nja;tk; $WfpwJ. Kjypy; $wpa Kw;gpwg;Gf; fijapd; njhlh;r;rp ,f;fij vd;whYk;> nrhy;Yk; Nehf;fk; khWgLtjhy; ,ijj; jdp xU fpisf;fijahff; nfhs;s KbfpwJ. khjtp Rjkjp Mfpa ,Uthpd; Kw;gpwg;Gf; fij ,f;fij ,UgFjpahf ,UNtW ,lj;jpy; Ngrg;gLfpwJ. Kw;gpwg;G tuyhw;iwf; $wp tpidgaid czu itf;Fk; Nehf;fj;jpNyNa ,t;tpU gFjpfSk; mike;jpUg;gjhy; ,tw;iw xNu fpisf;fijahff; nfhs;syhk;. Kw;gFjpfis kzpNkfyh nja;tk; kzpNkfiy Nfl;fr; nrhy;fpwJ. gpw;gFjpia mwtz mbfs; Nkfiy> khjtp> Rjkjp Nfl;fr; nrhy;fpwhh;. fhuzkpy;yhky;> ,g;gbf; fijg; gFjpiag; gphpj;J ,UNtW ,lj;jpy; ,UNtW $w;wpy; nrhy;ypapUg;gjhy; fhg;gpa xUikAk;. fhg;gpaf; fl;Lf;Nfhg;Gk; rpijfpwJ. Rjkjp> khjtp ,UtUk; Kw;gpwg;gpy; jhiu> tPiu vd;W ,yf;Fkpapd; rNfhjhpfshfg; gpwe;J> gpd; Jr;rakd;dd; kidtpahfp> mwtz mbfs; ey;Yiuahy; ghj gq;fa kiyia tyk; te;J ey;tpidg; gad; ngw;wij Kw;gFjp $WfpwJ. ,uz;lhtJ gFjp> jhiu tPiu rNfhjhpfs; ,we;Jgl;l tpjj;ijf; $WfpwJ.Kd; gpwtpaypy; jhiu tPiu rNfhjupfs; ghjfq;fa kiyiar; Rw;wpa ey;tpidahy; ,g;gpwtpapy; ntt;NtW ,lj;Jg; gpwe;Jk;> kzpNkfiyAld; md;Gj; njhlh;Gilath;fshfg; gpwe;Js;sdh; vd;gij ,f;fij %yk; rhj;jdhh; gilj;Jf; fhl;Lfpwhh;. ,f;fij ngsj;j fUj;jhd tpidg;gad; $Wk;Nehf;fpYk;> ngsj;j ek;gpf;ifahd Gj;jd; fhybr; RtL gbe;j kiyia tzq;fp vOtjhy; tUk; ew;Ngw;iwf; $Wk; Nehf;fpYk; vLj;jhsg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. fhg;gpaj; Jiz khe;jh;fspd; Kw;gpwg;Gf; fijiag; NgRtjhy; ,ij xl;ba fijahff; nfhs;s KbfpwJ. tpRthkpj;jpud; fij grpg;gpzp vd;Dk; nfhLikiag; Ngrte;j fij ,J. ngsj;j kjf; nfhs;ifapy;> Vioia kl;Lk; my;y> cah;e;NjhiuAk; Vd; Kw;Wk; Jwe;j KdptiuAk; ghjpf;fpwJ vd;gij ,f;fij %yk; rhj;jdhh; gilj;Jf; fhl;;Lfpwhh;. ,f;fijiaj; jPtjpyif kzpNkfiyf;F vLj;Jr; nrhy;YfpwJ. tpRthkpj;jpu Kdptd; grpg;gpzpapd; nfhLikahy; cz;Zk; czT tiffspy; ahnjhd;Wk; ngw Kbahky; ,we;j ehapidj; jpd;dg; GFe;jhd;;.,f;fij %yk; $wp> ,g;gbg;gl;l nfhba grpg;gpzpiaj; jPh;f;f Ntz;Lk; eP vdj; jPtjpyif kzpNkfiyaplk; $WfpwJ. fij Kbtpy;mj;nja;tk; mwk; $WfpwJ. ,t;thpfs; ngsj;Jf; nfhs;ifahd grpg;gpzp ePf;Fjy; vd;w


TdLm 102

mhpa mwj;ij tpsf;fp epw;fpwJ. ,f;fpisf;fij> fhg;gpa ikaf;fij NgRk; ngsj;jkjf; nfhs;ifiag; NgRtjhy; fhg;gpaj;Jld; ,ize;J epw;fpwJ. ikaf; fijAld; rkaj; njhlh;ghy; kl;;Lk; ,iztjhYk;> fhg;gpaj;jpy; ,jd; gad;ghL mt;tplj;jpNyNa Kbe;J tpLtjhYk; ,ij Cd;W fpisf;fijahfNt nfhs;s KbfpwJ. MGj;jpud; fij mwtz mbfs; mKjRugp ey;fpa MGj;jpud; tuyhw;iw kzpNkfiyaplk; $Wfpwhh.; MGj;jpudpd; gpwg;G> tsh;g;G> mtd; mKjRugp ngw;w tuyhW> mjd; %yk; mw;whh; grp jPh;j;j nra;if> gpd;G ‘mKjRugpiag; gad;gLj;j Kayhky; NghdJ” mijf; NfhKfpg; ngha;ifapy; ,wg;G tiu ele;jtw;iw ,f;fijapd; %yk; rhj;jdhh; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpwhh;. ,J jtpu kWgpwtpy; MGj;jpud; tapw;wpy; gpwe;J> gpd;G kd;dd; MdJ vd;w epfo;r;rpfisAk; ,izj;Jf; $Wfpwhh;. ,uhFyd; ,uhFyd; fijapy; Rthpy; cs;s ghitahdJ jhd; NgRtijf; fhg;gpaj; jiytpahd Nkfiy ek;g Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf> jd; tuyhw;iwj; jhNd $WfpwJ. fhg;gpaj;jpy; ,f;fpisf;fijapd; gad;ghL kpff;FiwT. Nkfiy fe;jpw;ghitapd; tuyhw;iwf; Nfl;gjhy; jhd;> Iak; ePq;fp> mj;nja;tj;jpd; nkhopia ek;Gfpwhs; .,jd; gad;ghL Njhd;wpa R+oypNyNa Kw;Wg;ngw;WtpLtjhy; ,ij Cd;W fpisf;fijahff; nfhs;s KbfpwJ. je;ij ,l;ldd; epid ijay; epd; JwtpAk; (fh.29>31-35) mwtz mbfs; kzpNkfiyf;Ff; $Wtjhf ,f;fij mike;Js;sJ. rhj;jdhh;> kzpNkfyh nja;tk; Nfhtyd; FLk;gj;jpw;Fr; nra;Ak; cjtpf;Ff; fhuzkhf ,f;fijiag; gilj;Jf; fhl;bAs;shh;. gy mwq;fs; nra;j Nfhtydpd; Kd;Ndhd; xUtd;> flYs; nry;Yk;NghJ kuf;fyk; %o;fpa epiyapy; VOehs; rhthJ ,Uf;fpwhd;. mJfz;L> ,e;jpuf; fk;gsk; eLq;f> mtd; tha;ikia czh;ej ,e;jpud; kzpNkfyh nja;tj;ij mDg;gp mk;Kd;Ndhidf; fhg;ghw;Wfpwhd;. md;W Kjy;> mf;Fyj;jpdUf;Nf mj;nja;tk;cjtpnra;J tUtjhf ,f;fijr; Rl;LfpwJ.,f;fijia ,sq;Nfhtbfs; rpyk;gpYk; vLj;jhz;Ls;shh;. mq;F khly kiwNahd; thapyhf fpisf;fijf;Fs; xU epfo;r;rpahf $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. (fh.18>80-81) vdf; Nfhtyd; $wp> Nkfiyf;F mj;nja;tk; ngah; itj;jjhf khlyd; $Wfpwhd;. mr;nra;jpia ,q;Ff; fhuzk; Nehf;fpr; rhj;jdhh; fpisf; fijahf;fpg; gilj;Js;shh;. fhg;gpaj; njhlf;fk; Kjy; kzpNkfiyf;F cjtpa kzpNkfyh nja;tk; ahh;.? mtSf;F mj;nja;tk; Vd; rpwg;ghf cjTfpwJ vd;gJ Nghd;w thrfh; kdjpy; vOk; vz;zq;fSf;F> tpil nrhy;tjha; ,g;gb xU njhlh;Gs;sJ vdf; fhl;b> me;efo;r;rpia xU fpisf;fijahf;fp ,Uf;fpwhh;. fhg;gpaj;jpd; gy jpUg;gq;fSf;Ff; fhuzkhd kzpNkfyh nja;tj;jpd; tuyhW NgRtjhy; ,f;fij ,ay;ghf fhg;gpaj;Jld; xd;wp epd;W> xl;ba fpisf;fijahfj; jpfo;fpwJ. fpisf;fijfspd; nraw;ghL kzpNkfiyr; fhg;gpaj;jpy;> fpisf;fijfspd; Ml;rpiag; gw;wpa nghJthd fUj;ijf; $Wjy; mtrpakhd xd;whFk;. rpyg;gjpfhuj;ij tpl %d;Nw fpisf;fijfs; jhd; ,f;fhg;gpaj;jpy; mjpfk; ,lk;ngWfpwJ vd;whYk; ,jpy; fpisf;fijfs; $wg;gLk; nkhj;j mbfs; $LjyhdJ MFk;. kzpNkfiyf; fhg;gpaj;jpd; nkhj;j 4768 mbfs; Mapuj;jpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l mbfs; fpisf;fijapd; gFjpAk; mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ Mf ikaf;fijapd; ghjpg;gq;fpid fpisf;fijfSk;> rkaf; gFjpfSk; gpbj;Jf; nfhs;tjhy; ikaf;fij mOj;jg;ggl;LtpLfpwJ. fhg;gpaj;jpy; ikaf;fij Kjy; epiyAk;> fpisf;fij gb epiyiaAk; ngw;Wj; jpfoNtz;Lk;. Mdhy;> MGj;jpud; fijiag; nghWj;j tiu fpisf;fij gbepiyngwhky; Kjy; epiy ngWfpwJ. ,jdhy; ikaf;fijf;Nf chpa rpwg;G kzpNkfiyf; fhg;gpaj;ijg; Ngzg;glhky; Ngha;tpLfpwJ. ikaf;fijapD}Nl rhj;jdhh;. mbf;fb fpisf;fijfis kpf tpupthf vLj;jhs;tjpdhy; ikaf;fij ,ilaPLg;gl;L njhlh;r;rp mWgl;L rpije;J epw;fpwJ. mjdhNyjhd; rpyg;gjpfhuk; Nghd;w fhg;gpaq;fs; jUk; ,yf;fpar; RitNa ,f;fhg;gpaj;jpdhy; ju Kbatpy;iy.


TdLm 103

NkYk; fpisf;fijf;Fk; fhg;gpaf; fl;Lf;Nfhg;gpwFk; ,ilNa cs;sj; njhlh;ig ,f;fhg;gpaj;jpd; %yk; ed;fwpayhk;. .fpisf;fijia msNthL RUf;fkhf vLj;jhshtpby; ,f;fhg;gpa mikjp nfLk; vd;gjw;F ,f;fhg;gpak; rhd;whf mikfpwJ. kzpNkfiyf; fhg;gpaf; fpisf;fijfspd; rpy ,ay;Gfs; fpisf;fijfspd; mikg;G mitg; gilg;gl;bUf;Fk; tpjKk; fhg;gpaj;jpw;Ff; fhg;gpak; NtWgl mikAk; ngsj;jk; Ngr vOe;j fhg;gpak; Mjyhy;;> mk;kjk; Nghw;Wk; tpidf;Nfhl;ghl;il typAWj;j ,f;fpisf; fijfs; vLj;jhsg;gl;Ls;sd. kzpNkfiyf; fhg;gpaj;jpy;19 fpisf;fijfspy; 13 fpisf;fijfs; ngsj;jf; Nfhl;ghLfisg; NgRfpd;wd. ,tw;wpy; 5 fijfs; ngsj;jk; NgRtjw;nfd;Nw vLj;jhsg;gl;bUe;jhYk;> mjpy; typa ngsj;jf; fUj;ij rhj;jdhh; jpzpj;Jg; NgrpAs;shh;. kzpNkfiyapy; ,lk; ngw;wpUf;fpd;w midj;Jf; fpisf;fijfSNk ghj;jpuf; $whfNt mike;Js;sd. ,tw;wpy; VOfijfs; nja;tg; ghj;jpuf; $w;whf mike;Js;sd.fhg;gpaj;jpy; fpisf;fijfis mjpf msT Nfl;gJ kzpNkfiyNa. 19 fpisf;fijfspy; 15 fpisf;fijfisf; Nfl;gJ kzpNkfiyNa rhj;jdhh; ,g;gbg; gilj;Jf; fhl;bUg;gjw;Ff; fuhzk; cz;L. gy fijfs; ngsj;jf; fUj;ijAk;> ePjpfisAk; NgRtjhy; JwT g+z;l Nkfiy ,tw;iwf; Nfl;L gbg;gbahf cs;sk; gz;gl;L Kbtpy; xU rpwe;j Jwtpahf rhj;jdhuy; cUthf;fg;gl;bUfpwhs;. kzpNkfiyapy; fpisf;fijfspd; mikg;G Xh;msTg;gl;ld my;y. kpfg;nghpa fpisf;fijahd MGj;jpud; fij 260 thpfSk; kpfr;rpwpa fpisf;fijahd tpRthkpj;jpud; fij 13 thpfspYk; Ngrg;gLfpd;wd/ kw;wf; fpisf;fijfs; rpy ePz;Lk; rpy FWfpAk; rpy eLj;jukhfTk; mike;Js;sd. ‘MGj;jpud; fij’ fpisf;fij mikg;gpypUe;J rw;W khWgl;L mike;jpUf;Fk; fijahFk;. ,jw;F fhg;gpag; Gyth; MGj;jpud; tuthw;wpd; kPJ nfhz;bUe;j gw;Nw fhuzkhfpwJ. Rjkjp vd;w Jizg;ghj;jpuj;jpd; fijNa> ,U NtW Nehf;fpy;> ,UNtW ,lj;jpy; ,UNtW fpisf;fijahfg;; rhj;jdhh; gilj;Js;shh;. tprhif, kUjp vd;w ,U ngz;fspd; fijfis xNu Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf xNu ,lj;jpy;> ,UNtW fpisf;fijahfg; gilj;Js;shh; rhj;jdhh;. fz;zfp Nfhtyd; Kw;gpwg;Gf; fij rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; $wpapUg;gJ Nghy;> ,f;fhg;gpaj;jpYk; fpisf;fijiaj; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; rhj;jdhh;> ,jpy; fz;zfpg; ghj;jpuj;ij> ngsj;jk; NgRgtshfg; gilj;Jf; fhl;bAs;shh;. rpyk;gpy; rpy thpfspy; nfhy;yg;gl;l Nfhtydpd; guk;giuiar; Nrh;e;j Kd;Ndhh; xUtd; fijiar; rhj;jdhh; fhg;;gpa mikjp fUjp fpisf;fijahfg; gilj;Js;shh;. Nfhjik fpisf;fisapy; Gj;jdplk; jd; kfDf;F caph;gpr;ir Ntz;b mKk; ngz;zpd; fijia rpy khWghLfSld; rhj;jdhh;. fpisf;fijf;F nfhLj;j Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mth;> mf;fpisf;fij ghj;jpuq;fspd; ngah; mwpayhk;. kzpNkfiyapy; ,g;gb mike;j fijfs; nkhj;jk; MW MFk;. MGj;jpud; jpwk; mwptpj;jfhij> Mjpiu gpr;irapl;l fhij> fe;jpw;ghit tUtJiwj;j fhij> MGj;jpuNdhL mile;j fhij> MGj;jpuNdhL kzpg;gy;ytk; mile;j fhij vd;w Ie;Jk; fpisg; ghj;jpug; ngaiuf; nfhz;L jpfo;fpd;wd. rf;futhsf; Nfhl;lk; ciuj;j fhij fpisf;fijg; nghUisNa jiyg;ghff; nfhz;L jpfo;fpd;wd. rhj;jdhh;> %d;W fpisf;fijfisg; gFjp gFjpahfg; gphpj;Jf; $wpf; fijapd; xUikg;ghl;il rpijj;Js;shh;. rhj;jdhh;> fhg;gpaf;fpisf; fijfisf; $wp> mjpypypUe;J ePjpf; fUj;Jf;fis ca;j;Jzu itj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;w nfhs;ifapy; ek;gpf;ifapy;yhjth;. vdNt> fpisf;fijfspy; Mq;fhq;Nf fijg; Nghf;if epWj;jp tpl;L mwk; NgRfpwhh;. ,g;Nghf;if khw;wpf; fhg;gpaq;fspy; fhz;gjhpJ. kzpNkfiyf; fhg;gpaj;jpy; MGj;jpud; fij xd;iw kl;LNk xd;wpa fijahff; nfhs;s KbfpwJ. jtpu> ,f;fhg;gpaj;jpy; cs;s kw;wf; fpisf;fijfis xl;ba fijahfTk;> Cd;W fijahfTk; nfhs;s KbfpwJ. xl;ba fij xd;gjhfTk; Cd;W fij xd;gjhfTk; rk mstpy; mike;Js;sJ. nra;j tpidapd; gaz miljy; kWgpwtp gw;wpa ek;gpf;if grpg;gpzp ePf;FjNy mwk;. rhj;jdhh;> gpw kjq;fisf; fhl;bYk; me;jz kjj;ijNa mjpfk; rhLfpwhh; KbTiu kzpNkfiyf; fhg;gpaj;jpy; fhzf;$ba fpisf;fijfs; midj;Jk; ikaf; fjhg;ghj;jpuq;fs;> Jizikg; ghj;jpuq;fspd; Kw;gpwg;gpd; gad;> fij khe;jh;fspd; tuyhW>


TdLm 104

ngsj;j rka nja;tq;fspd; Njhw;wk; Nghd;wit njhlh;Gilait. kzpNkfiy fhg;gpaj;jpy; 19 fpisf;fijfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Kj;Jrz;Kfk; Fwpg;gpLtJ Nghy ,it Kjd;ik fijAld; njhlh;gw;Wk; fhg;gpa Xl;lj;ij rpijg;gjhfTk; mikfpd;wd. fhg;gpaf;fijAld; gyf;fpisf;fijfs; type;J Nrh;f;fg;gl;lJ vd;w czh;itj; jUfpd;wJ. Jiz E}w;gl;bay; 1. ghh;j;jrhujp. Nfh, 2014 : kzpNkfiy fhg;gpa khz;G : ehk; jkpoh; gjpg;gfk;> kJiu. 2. Kj;Jrz;Kfk;> gpNukh. ,uh 2014 : ,ul;ilf;fhg;gpaf; fpisf;fijfSk;

: epa+nrQ;Rhp Gf; fT];> : jpUney;Ntyp.


TdLm 105

KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp $Wk; xOf;f newpfs;

nry;td;.F.gpujP];tud;> vk;.V.> Ma;T khzth;> jkpoha;Tj;Jiw> = tpj;ah ke;jph; fiy (k) mwptpay; fy;Y}hp

fhl;Nlhp> Cj;jq;fiu

Kd;Diu jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; mwnewpfis jhq;fp epw;Fk; E}y;fspy; KJnkhopf;fhQ;rpAk; xd;W. ,J gjpndz; fPo;fzf;F E}y;fspYs;s 11-mw E}y;fspy; xd;whFk;. KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp $Wk; xOf;f newpfs; Fwpj;J ,q;F fhz;Nghk;. xOf;fk; xU kdpjd; jhd; thOk; tho;f;ifapy; xU newpia tFj;J mij gpd;gw;wp thOk; epiyNa xOf;fk; MFk;. xOf;f tpjpfs; vDk; nrhy;yhly; %yk; ,ij mwpayhk;. jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; rq;ffhy kf;fspd; tho;f;if Kiw gz;ghL> czT> cil> ciwAs; Nghd;wtw;iw fl;likj;J tho;jij gpw;fhy kf;fSk; mwpAk; gbAk;, mj;jifa xOf;f newpfis gpd;gw;wp ehk; thOk; epiy Fwpj;Jk; ekf;F vLj;J $WfpwJ. xOf;fk; ,uz;L tifahf gphpj;J mwpag;gLfpwJ. mit 1. mf xOf;fk; 2. Gw xOf;fk; mf xOf;fk; kdpjdpd; ,y;tho;f;ifapy; gpd;gw;wNtz;ba tpUe;Njhk;gy;, mwNthiu ghJfhj;jy; me;jziu Nghw;Wjy; Nghd;wtw;iw $WtJ mf xOf;fk; MFk;. Gw xOf;fk; kdpjd; Gw gFjpapy; fy;tp> tPuk;> nfhil> Nghh;> el;G Nghd;w Gw epfo;Tfis $WtJ Gw xOf;fkhFk;. fy;tpiatpl xOf;fk; rpwe;jJ “Mh;fyp cyfj;J kf;fl; nfy;yhk; Xjypw; rpwe;jd; nwhOf;f Kilik” flyhy; #Og;gl;l ,t;Tyfpy; thOk; kf;fs; midtUf;Fk; fy;tp fw;wiy tplTk; xOf;fNk rpwe;jJ vd;W KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp $WfpwJ. cah; Fbapy; gpwj;jy;>cah; fy;tp ngw;wpUj;jy;>cah; nry;tk; ngw;wpUj;jy; Mfpa midj;ij fhl;bYk; xOf;fj;NjhL ,Uj;jNy rpwe;jJ vd;W mwE}y;fs; $Wfpd;w nghJ rpe;jidahfTk; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. vdNt caphpDk; NkyhdJ xOf;fNk vd;W jkpo; mw E}y;fs; $Wfpd;wd. caphpDk; Nkyhd xOf;fk; “xOf;fk; tpOg;gk; juyhd; xOf;fk; caphpDk; Xk;gg; gLk;” xUth; newp gpwyhky; thOk; xOf;fNk mtUf;F ew;ngaiuAk;,GfioAk; jUk;. vdNt xOf;fkhdJ ek; capiu tpl Nkyhd nghUshf kjpf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;W jkpo;kiwapy; nre;ehg;Nghjh; $Wfpwhh;. ,jd; %yk; kdpjd; caph; tho;jiyf; fhl;bYk; xOf;f czh;NthL tho;jNy Kf;fpak; vd;W mwE}y;fspy; %j;j E}yhfpa jpUf;Fws; $WfpwJ. vdNt xOf;f


TdLm 106

czh;T ,d;wp thOk; tho;f;if tpyq;F epiyf;F xg;ghdJ> xOf;fKila tho;Nt kdpj tho;f;if vd;W jkpo; mw E}y;fs; $Wfpd;wd. xOf;fNk Nkd;ikj;jUk; “xOf;fj;jpd; va;Jth; Nkd;ik ,Of;fj;jpd; va;Jth; va;jhg; gop.” kdpjd; nry;tk;> tPuk;> Gfo; Mfpa vJ ,y;yhky; ,Ue;jYk; mtid ve;j gopAk; NruhJ. Mdhy; xOf;f czh;T ,d;wp tho;e;jhy; mtid gop njhw;wpf;nfhs;Sk;. xOf;f newp jtwhky; tho;e;J nry;tk;> tPuk;> Gfo; Mfpad ,y;iy vd;whYk; mtid ve;j gopAk; NruhJ. ,jd;%yk; xOf;fNk tho;tpd; mbj;jsk; vd;W gy jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; giwrhw;Wfpd;wd. xOf;fNk cah;T jUk; “mOf;fhW cilahd;fz; Mf;fk;Nghd;W ,y;iy xOf;fk; ,yhd;fz; cah;T.” Fw;wk; ,y;yhjtdpd; nrayhy; Vw;gLk; Vw;wkhd tho;f;if Nghy ,t;Tyfpy; rpwe;j tho;f;if ,y;iy. mJNghy xOf;fk; ,y;yhjtdplj;J cah;T vd;gNj ,y;iy. Mdhy; me;j xOf;fj;jpdhy; ngWk; cah;Tf;F epfUk; ,t;Tyfpy; vJTNk ,y;iy vd;W jkpo; Ntjj;jpy; nja;tGyth; $Wfpwhh;. Fw;wKilatd; Mf;fk; ngWtJk;> xOf;fk; ,y;yhjtd; cah;T ngWtJk; ,t;Tyfpy; epiyf;fhj xd;W MFk;. vdNt cah;T Ntz;Lk;nkdpy; xOf;fk; xd;Nw top vd;W mwE}y;fs; $Wfpd;wd. nry;tj;jpYk; xOf;fNk rpwe;jJ “tz;ikapw; rpwe;jd;W tha;ik Ailik.” gzk;> Gfo;> epyk;> Mguzk;> gjtp Mfpa tskhd tho;f;ifia tpl rpwe;jJ cz;ikNa NgrNtz;Lk; vd;w xOf;f newp vd;gij KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp $WfpwJ. mjpf fy;tp> cah;Fb gpwg;G> nfhLj;j nfhil Mfpa gy rpwg;Gfs; ,Ue;jhYk; xOf;f newpfspy; cz;ik vDk; newp gpwyhJ ,Ue;jhahdhy; mJNt cd;id ,t;Tyfpy; epiyj;J GfNohL Ngrg;gLk;. vdNt tsq;fNshL tho;tij tplTk; tha;ik newpNahL tho;jNy rpwe;jJ vd;W mw E}y;fs; $Wfpd;wd. xOf;fkw;wth; fy;yhjtNu “cyfj;NjhL xl;l xOfy; gyfw;Wk; fy;yhh; mwptpyh jhh;.” cyf eilKiwfshd xOf;fq;fis gpd;gw;wp thohjth;; vj;jifa cah;e;j fy;tpia fw;wtuhdhYk; mth; mwptw;wtuhfNt kjpf;fg;gLth;. ,jpy; fy;tpia tplTk; xOf;fNk cah;thdJ vd;W cyf nghJkiw $WfpwJ. vdNt xOf;fkhd tho;f;ifNa xU kdpjdpd; epiyia jph;khdpf;Fk;. mij tpLj;J cah;Fb> cah; fy;tp> nry;tk; Mfpad ,Ue;Jk; xOf;fkpy;iy vdpy; mth;fs; mwptpy;yhjth;fNs vd;W jkpo; ePjpE}y;fs; $Wfpd;wd;. xOf;fNk Gfioj;jUk; “tPq;fy; Ntz;LNthd; gy;Gfo; jz;lhd;.” xUth; jd;id gpwh; Gfo Ntz;Lk; vd epidj;jhy; mjw;F mth; fy;tp> tPuk;> nry;tk; Mfpatw;wpy; rpwe;J ,Uj;jiytpl xOf;f newp jtwhjtiu Ngw;wp> jhDk; xOf;f newpfisg; gpd;gw;wp tho;e;jhNyNa mtid ,t;TyfKk; thDyfKk; GfOk;. vdNt xOf;fNk xUtiu GfOtjw;Fhpa top vd;W jkpopd; mwnewp E}y;fs; ekf;F giwrhw;Wfpd;wd. mijNghy; xOf;f kdKilath;fis Nghw;wp mth; topia gpd;gw;wp ele;jhNyNa jhDk; Gfog;gLk; xOf;fKilatdhf khwyhk; vd;W KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp $WfpwJ. xOf;fKilahiu NrUjy; rpwg;G “ney;Yf;F ,iwj;jePh; tha;f;fhy; top Xb – Mq;Nf Gy;Yf;Fk; nghrpAkhk; njhy; cyfpy; ey;yth; xUth; cyNwy; mth;nghUl;L vy;yhUf;Fk; nga;Ak; kio” - (xsit)


TdLm 107

ney; taYf;F gha;r;rg;gLk; jz;zPh; mNjhL Nrh;e;j Gy;Yf;Fk; gad;gLtJNghy ,t;Tyfpy; xOf;fkhf thYk; rhd;Nwhh;fSf;fhd gaid mtUld; Nrh;e;J thOk; rpyUk; milfpd;wdh;. ,e;j cyfk; vg;nghOJ Njhd;wpaJ vd;W mwpa KbahjJ mjpy; ,aw;ifapd; nfhilahd kioAk; ey;y xOf;fkhd kdpjh;fSf;F nga;J mtiu rhh;e;j VidNahiuAk; thoitj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ,jd;%yk; ehk; xOf;f newpfis gpwUf;F $w Kbatpy;iy vd;whYk; Vw;fdNt $wg;gl;l newpia gpd;gw;wp thoyhk;. xOf;f newpfis gpd;gw;w Kbatpy;iy vd;whYk; mj;jifa rpwe;j xOf;f newpahsh;fSld; Nrh;e;jhtJ thoNtz;Lk; vd;W ek; mw E}y;fs; thapyhf ehk; mwpaKbfpwJ. ey;ytwpd; xOf;fj;jpw;fhf ,t;Tyfpy; ,aw;ifAk; fl;Lg;gl;L jd; ,ay;ig khw;wp gaidj; jUk; vdpy; mijtpl xU rpwg;G ,t;Tyfpy; ,Uf;f KbahJ. tpz;Zyfk; vspJ “Mh;fyp Ayfj;J kf;fl; nfy;yhk; Gfo;nta; Nahh;f;Fg; Gj;Njzh nlspJ” flyhy; #og;gl;l ,t;Tyfpy; midj;J jug;G kf;fshYk; Gfog;gLk; mwr;nray;fis nra;J> eLTepiyapy; epw;gJ vd;gJ xOf;f newpfspNyNa cah;e;j newpahFk;. mt;thW eLepiyapy; ,Ue;J vj;jifa #oypYk; khwhky; ,Wjptiu tUk; Jd;gq;fis nghWj;J newpjtwhky; tho;gth;fs; tpz;zpYs;s Njth;fis Ml;rp nra;Ak; ,e;jpugjtpf;F vspikahf nry;th;. Mj;jifa rpwe;j epiyia jUtJ xOf;fk; xd;Nw vd;W ek;Kila jkpo; mwnewp E}y;fs; $Wfpd;wd. kdpjid kdpjd; Ml;rpnra;j epiyiatpl gy klq;F cah;e;j flTs;fs; thOk; NjtNyhfj;ij MSk; gjtp kpf vspjpy; fpilf;Fk;. vdNt xOf;fk; xUtUf;F cah;itAk;> rpwg;igAk; jUk; vd;gij ,q;F KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp $WfpwJ. <jy; xOf;fk; “ ,ug;Nghh;f; fPjypd; va;JQ; rpwg;gpy;iy” xOf;f newpfspy; mfj;jpy; $wg;gLk; tpUe;Njhk;gy;> mwNthiu ghJfhj;jy; Nghy Gwj;jpy; ,ug;Nghh;f;F ,y;iy vdW $whky; nfhLg;gjhd <jy; gz;G xU rpwe;j mwkhFk;. mwg;gz;Gfs; midj;JNk rpwe;jNj Mdhy; midj;jpYk; Nkyhd rpwg;Gfis nfhz;lJ tUikapYs;Nshh;f;F nghUSjtp nra;jy; vd;fpwJ jkpo; kiwE}y;fs;. ,ij jhUq;fs; vd;W ek;ik ek;gp Ntz;b Nfl;Nghh;f;F ,y;iy vd;W $Wjy; jtW. jk;kplk; jkJ Njitf;F mjpfkhf cs;s nghUis ,y;yhjth;fSf;F nfhLj;J cjTtNj rpwg;GfSf;nfy;yhk; Kjd;ikahd rpwg;G vd;W KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp $WfpWJ. “<u Kilik <ifap dwpg” xUth; ey;y> ,uf;fKila gz;gpdh; vd;gij mwpa gpwUf;F nra;Ak; cjTk; kdij nfhz;Nl ehk; mwpayhk;. mj;jifatuhf gpwh; Jd;gk; fz;L kdk; tUe;jp jd;dhy; Kbe;j cjtpfisr; nra;Nthhpd; gzpahdJ ,iwtDf;F nra;Ak; jpUg;gzpiatpl NkyhdJ vdW jkpopd; mwnewp E}y;fs; $Wfpd;Wd. xOf;fNk Jiz “ ghpe;J Xk;gpf; fhf;f xOf;fk; njhpe;JXk;gpj; NjhpDk; m/Nj Jiz” gFj;jwpTld; Muha;e;J ghh;j;jy; ek; tho;f;ifapy; ekf;F Jizahf ,Ug;gJ xOf;fNk. ek; cwtpdNuh> gjtpNah> nry;tNkh> GfNoh> ek;ik vq;Fk; ghJfhf;f Jizahf ,Uf;fhJ. ehk; xOf;f newp gpwyhky; thOk; tho;f;ifNa ek;ik ve;j #oypYk;> ve;j Mgj;jpypUe;Jk; ghJfhf;Fk;. vdNt ek;ik fhf;Fk; xOf;fj;ij ve;epiyapYk; ehk; fhf;fNtz;Lk;. mg;gb xOf;fj;ij fhj;J te;Njhkhdhy; ,dp ehk; gpwf;Fk; mj;jid gpwtpapYk; mJ ek;ik fhf;Fk; vd;W nja;tE}ypy; ngUehtyh; $Wfpwhh;. “ed;wpf;F tpj;jhFk; ey;nyhOf;fk; jPnahOf;fk; vd;Wk; ,Lk;ig jUk;.”


TdLm 108

ehk; xOf;f czh;NthL gpwUf;F nra;Ak; cjtpahdJ xU tpijiag; Nghy jhtukhf tsu tsu nghpa mstpy; ekf;F ed;ikiaj; jUk; vd;Wk;> Jd;gj;ij jUk; nraiy ePf;fNtz;Lk; vd;Wk; cj;jpuNtjk; $WfpwJ. “muk;NghYk; $h;ika NuD kuk;Nghy;th; kf;fl;gz;G ,y;yh jth.;” $h;ikf;F cjhuzkhf $wg;gl;l muk; Nghy $h;ikahd mwpT nfhz;ltuhdhYk; xOf;fk; vDk; kdpjDf;Nf chpj;jhd nghJg;gz;G ,y;iy vd;why; mth; kdpjdhf kjpf;fg;glkhl;lhh;. vdNt mwpT> fy;tp Nghd;w midj;ijAk;tpl xOf;f newpNa typikahf ghJfhf;Fk; vd;Wk;> xOf;fkpd;wp gy MAjq;fSk;> mwpTk; nfhz;bUe;jYk; mit gadw;wJ vd;W jpUf;Fwspy; jpUts;Sth; ngUkhd; $Wfpwhh;. KbTiu jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; ngUk;ghYk; rq;ffhy kf;fspd; xOf;f newpfis gw;wpNa $WfpwJ. Gjpndz; fPo;fzf;fYs;s 11-mw E}y;fspy; rpwe;j mwfUj;Jfis jhq;fpa KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp $Wk; xOf;fk; Fwpj;J ,q;F tpsf;fpNdhk;.


TdLm 109

jpUf;Fwspy; nghUspay; newp

Kidth; f.utpr;re;jpud;

jkpo; cjtpg;Nguhrphpah;;> lhf;lh; Mh;.Nf.v];. fy;Y}hp> ,e;jpyp> fs;sf;Fwpr;rp

Kd;Diu kdpjdpd; tho;tpw;F Mjhukhf tpsq;FtJ nghUshFk;. mjdhy; jhd; nghUs; + Mjhuk; vd ngah; ngw;wJ. kdpjdpd; mf tho;tpw;F ,d;gKk; Gw tho;tpw;F nghUSk; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. mj;jifa nghUis kdpjd; mwj;jpd; topNa <l;b mg;nghUspd; topNa ,d;gj;ij mila ts;Std;> mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk; vd;Dk; Kg;ghy;fis KiwNa itj;jhh;. nghUs; ,y;yhky; Xh; mZTk; mirahJ jFjpaw;w xUtiuf;$l jFjpAilatdha; khw;wpf;fhl;Lk; Mw;wy; nghUSf;Fz;L ,jid czh;j;j ts;Stg; ngUe;jif nra;f nghUis vd <uhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dh; tFj;jUspdhh;. ,jd; nghUl;Nl nghUisg; gw;wp 70 mjpfhuq;fis ,aw;wp Kd;Ndw;w ghijf;F %y fhuzkha; cs;shh;. mj;jifa nghUshjuj;ijg; gw;wp ts;Sth; topepd;W Muha;tNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. jpUf;Fws; jpUf;Fws; gjpnzd; fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fspy; xd;W ,e;E}y; mwj;Jg;ghy; 38 mjpfhuq;fisAk;> nghUl;ghy; 70 mjpfhuq;fisAk;> fhkj;Jg;ghy; 25 mjpfhuq;fisAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,it xd;gJ ,ayhfTk; 1330 Fws; ntz;ghf;fisAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. jpUts;Sth; cUt glk; tiue;jth; NtZNfhghy; rh;kh jpUts;Sth; ehzak; 1818-,y; vy;yP]; Jiu ntspapl;lhh; Xiyr;Rtbapy; ,Ue;J khw;wpath; jzpiftprhfg; ngUkhs; ehd; jkpo; gapd;wikf;Ff; fhuzk; jpUf;Fws; - fhe;jp jpUf;Fws; cUrpahtpy; fpnuk;spd; khspifapy; mZj;Jisf;fhj Ruq;f ghJfhg;G ngl;lfj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. tpf;Nlhhpah kfhuhzp fhiyapy; vOe;jJk; gapYk; E}y; jpUf;Fws; ,yj;jpd; - tPuhkhKdpth;> Mq;fpyk; [p.A.Nghg;> t.Nt.R n[h;kdp – lhf;lh; fpuhy;> Urpah- lhf;lh; a+hpay;Nrht; gpnuQ;R – Vhpay;> ,e;jp – mg;ghjPl;rpjh;. nghUs; tpsf;fk; nghUs; vd;why; ahJk; xd;W> nrhw;nghUs;> fhhpak;> nka;ik> mwpT> gad;> nry;tk;> nghd;> Rzq;F> t];J> cz;ikf;fUj;J> jj;Jtk;> ed;F kjpf;fg;gLtJ> nfhs;if> mwk;> Nkhl;rk;> flTs;> jputpak;> gygz;lk;> Gj;jpud;> je;jpuk;> cgNkak;> cWjp> mfKk;> GwKkhfpaj; jpizg;gphpT> jiyik vd nghUs;gLtjhf jkpo; nyf;rpfd; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.1 nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpf;Fj; jil ehfhpfj;jpd; ngauhy; tsUk; ehLfSf;F gy;NtW nghshjhuj; jilfs; cs;sd. mtw;;wpy; gRikg;Gul;rp> czTr;rpf;fy;> Ntshz;ikapd; gq;F> njhopw;nfhs;if> njhopy;fspd; gq;F> ngUe;njhopy;fs;> rpWnjhopy; tsh;r;rp> Nghf;Ftuj;J> kf;fs; njhif tsh;r;rp> njhopw;rq;fk;> ehl;L tUkhdk;> gd;dhl;L tzpfj;jpd; gq;F Nghd;wit ngUe;jilf;fw;fsha; cs;sd. ,e;jpahtpd; epiy 1986-Mk; Mz;L cyf tq;fpapy; ntspaplg;gl;l cyf Kd;Ndw;w mwpf;ifapy; 128 ehLfspd; ruhrhp tUtha; xg;gpl;ljpy; ,e;jpahtpw;F 144 ,lk; cs;sJ.


TdLm 110

nghUspaypy; mwk; ve;j xU kdpjDk; mwj;jpd; %yk; nghUs; <l;l Ntz;Lk; vdf; $wpa ts;Stg; ngUe;jif eLepiyapd;wp gpwh; nghUisf; ftu tpUk;gpdhy; m/J mtdJ Fbiaf; nfLf;Fk; vd;gij> “eLT,d;wp ed;nghUs; nt/fpd; Fbnghd;wpf; Fw;wKk; Mq;Nf jUk;” 2 vd;fpwhh;. NkYk; mwk; vJntdpy; gpwh; nghUisf; fthuik vd;gij> “mwd;mwpe;J nt/fh mwpTilahhr; NrUk; jpwd;mwpe;J Mq;Nf jpU” 3 vd;fpwhh;. nghUl;fUtp xUtd; <l;Lk; nghUs; gifthpd; nrUf;iff; nfLf;fty;y ths; mijtplf; $h;ikahdJ ,y;iy vd;gij> “nra;f nghUis nrWeh; nrUf;fmWf;Fk; v/Fmjdpd; $hpaJ ,y;” 4 vd;fpwhh;. nrtpypj;jha; xUtd; eLepiynahL ,Ue;J md;gpdhy; ngwg;gl;l mUs; vd;Dk; Foe;ijg; nghUs; vd;W Gfo;e;J nrhy;yg;gLk; nry;tj;ijAila nrtpypj;jhahy; tsUk; vd;gij> “mUs;vd;Dk; md;G<d;Fotp nghUs; vd;Dk; nry;tr; nrtpypahy; cz;L” 5 vd;fpwhh;. KjyPL tzpfk; nra;a tpUk;GNthh; Kjypy; Kjw;nghUs; Njit mt;thW KjyPL nra;ahky; ve;jg; nghUisAk; ngwKbahJ vd;gij> “Kjy; ,yhh;f;F Cjpak; ,y;iy” 6 vd;fpwhh;. NkYk; xU njhopiyj; njhLq;ftjw;F Kd; mr;nrayhy; tUk; ed;ikj; jPikfis Muha;e;J Kbj;jg;gpd; gad;fisg; gw;wp vz;z Ntz;Lk; vd;gij>

“moptJ}ck; MtJ}ck; Mfp topgaf;Fk; CjpaKk; #o;e;J nray;” 7

vd;fpwhh;.NkYk; gpd;dh;f; fpilf;ff; $ba ,yhgj;ij vjph; Nehf;fp %yjdj;ij ,of;Fk; nraiy mwpTilNahh; nra;akhl;lhh;. ,jid> “Mf;fk;fUjp Kjy; ,of;Fk; nra;tpid Cf;fhh; mwpTil ahh;” 8 vd;Dk; Fwl;ghthy; mwpaKbfpwJ Nkyk; xUtDf;Fg; nghUs; tUk;top rpwpjhf ,Ue;jhYk; nryT nghpjhfhjNghJ NfL ,y;iy vd;gij> “MfhW msT,l;bJ MapDk; NfL,y;iy NghFMW mfyhf; fil” 9

vd;fpwhh;. xUth; nghUs; tUk; topfisg; ngUfr; nra;J mtw;why; tsj;ij Vw;gLj;jp Nkw;nfhz;L ,ila+Wfis ePf;f ty;ytNd nraiyr; nra;a ty;ytd; vd;gij> “thhp ngUf;fp tsk;gLj;J cw;wit Muha;thd; nra;f tpid” 10 vd;fpwhh;. ts;Sth; rpwe;jg; nghUis ey;topNa <l;batDf;F kw;w mwKk; ,d;gKk; xU Nruf;fpl;Lk; nghUshFk; vd;gij> “xd;nghUs; fho;g;g ,aw;wpahh;f;F vz;nghUs; Vid ,uz;Lk; xUq;F” 11 vd;fpwhh; jpUts;Sth;.


TdLm 111

nghUs; ,y;yhh;f;F xUtdpd; tho;f;iff;F nghUs; kpfkpf mtrpak; nghUs; ,y;iy vd;why; tho;f;ifia ,dpNj elj;j ,ayhJ> xUtDf;F mUs; ,y;iy vd;why; NkYyfj;jpy; ,lk; ,y;iy. mJNghy; nghUs; ,y;iy vd;why; mtDf;F ,t;Tyfk; ,y;iy vd;gij> “mUs; ,y;yhh;f;F mt;Tyfk; ,y;iy nghUs; ,y;yhh;f;F ,t;Tyfk; ,y;yhfp ahq;F” 12

vd jpwk;gl $Wfpwhh;. Nkyk; mj;jifia nghUis ,oe;Jtpl;lhYk; xU fhyj;jpy; mg;nghUisg; ngWthh; vd;gij> “nghUs; mw;whh; G+g;gh; xUfhy;” 13 vd;fpwhh;. gFj;Jz; xUtd; jdJ Kaw;rpahy; <l;ba nghUs; mtdJ jFjpAila rhd;Nwhh;f;F cgfhuk; nra;tjw;F vd;gij> “jhd;Mw;wpj; je;j nghUnsy;yhk; jf;fhh;f;F Ntshz;ik nrajw; nghUl;L” 14 vd;fpwhh; ts;Sth;. Nkyk; <l;bag; nghUisg; gFj;Jz;L> jhDk; cz;L gy caph;fisf; fhg;gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd mwE}Nyhh; $Wthh; vd;gij> “ gFj;Jz;L gy;Yaph; Xk;Gjy; E}Nyhh; njhFj;jtw;Ws; vy;yhk; jiy” 15

vd;fpwhh;. gop> ghtq;fSf;F mQ;rp <l;bag; nghUis midtUld; gFj;Jz;Zk; ,y;yj;jhDila tho;f;if fsq;fkw;wJ vd;gij> “ gopaQ;rpg; ghj;J}z; cilj;JMapd; ,y;tho;f;if topvQ;ry; vQ;Qhd;Wk; ,y;” 16 vd;fpwhh; ts;Sth;. ed;ik xUtd; nry;tk; ngw;wjdhy; milaf;$ba ed;ik ahnjd;why; jd; Rw;wj;jhuhy; jhd; #og;gLk; tifapy; mth;fisj; jOtp tho;tjhFk; vd;gij> “Rw;wj;jhy; Rw;wg; glxOjy; nry;tk;jhd; ngw;wj;jhy; ngw;w gad;” 17 vd;fpwhh;. xUtd; <l;bag;nghUisr; Nrh;j;J> jpwk; mwpe;J jPiknahd;Wk; ,y;yhky; Nrh;j;jg; nghUs; xUtDf;F mwj;ijAk;> ,d;gj;ijAk; nfhLf;Fk; vd;gij> “mwk;<Dk; ,d;gKk;<Dk; jpwd; mwpe;J

jPJ,d;wp te;j nghUs;” 18 vd;fpwhh;. rpwe;jg; nghUs; xU nghUshf kjpf;fj; jfhjtiuAk; kjpf;fr; nra;Ak; nry;tj;ijj; jtpu ,t;Tyfpy; rpwe;j nghUs; vJTk; ,y;iy vd;gij> “nghUs; my;ytiug; nghUs;Mfr; nra;Ak; nghUs;my;yJ ,y;iy nghUs;” 19

vd;fpwhh;. NkYk; nry;tk; vd;W rpeg;gpj;Jf; $wg;gLk; mizahj tpsf;F epidj;j ehl;bw;Ff; $wg;gLk; nrd;W gif vd;Dk; ,Uis mopf;Fk; vd;gij> “nghUs;vd;Dk; ngha;ahtpsf;fk; ,Us; mWf;Fk; vz;zpa Njaj;Jr; nrd;W” 20 vd;Wk; Fwl;ghthy; mwpaKbfpwJ. NkYk; nghUisg; ngw;w xUtd; nra;Ak; nray; kiykPJ Vwp epd;W ahizfs; Nghh; Ghptij mr;rkpd;wpf; fhz;gjhFk; ,jid>


TdLm 112

“Fd;WVwp ahidg;Nghh;fz;Lmw;why; jd;ifj;J xd;W cz;lhfr; nra;thd; tpid” 21

vd;fpwhh;. Njitaw;w nghUs; xUtdplk; mUNshLk; md;NghLk; tuhj nry;tj;ijg; ngw;W kfpohky; ePf;fptpl Ntz;Lk; vd;gij> “mUNshLk; md;NghLk; thuhg; nghUs;Mf;fk; Gy;yhh; Gus tply;” 22 vd;fpwhh;. ve;j xU nghUisg; ngw Ntz;LkhdYk; mjpy; eLepiyik ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. gz;G ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW gz;gpy;yhjtd; ngw;w nry;tkhdJ rpwe;j ghyhdJ itf;fg;gl;l ghj;jpuj;jpd; Fw;wj;jpdhy; ,ay;G jphpe;J nfLtJNghy; gad;glhky; nfLk; vd;gij> “ gz;G,yhd; ngw;w ngUQ;nry;tk; ez;ghy; fyk;jPik ahy;jphpe; Jmw;W” 23

vd;fpwhh;. NkYk; Fw;wkhd nray;fis kdj;jhy; epidg;gJk; ghtk;. Mjyhy; gpwd; nghUis mtDf;Fj; njhpahky; tQ;ridhay; fth;tJ jPik vd;gij> “cs;sj;jhy; cs;shYk;jPNj gpwd; nghUis fs;sj;jhy; fs;Nthk; vdy;” 24 vd;fpwhh;. tWik gy;NtW tifapy; <l;ba nghUs; #jhl;lj;jpd; %yk; fhyk; mjpy; fopAkhdhy; nry;tj;ijAk; ew;ngaiuAk; nfLf;Fk; vd;gij> “ gofpa nry;tKk; gz;Gk; nfLf;Fk; fofj;Jf; fhiy Gfpd;” 25 Vd;fpwhh; ts;Sth;. NkYk; #jhl;lj;jpd; %yk; Gfo;> fy;tp> nry;tk;> czT> cil ePq;Fk; ,jid> “cilnry;tk; Cz;xsp fy;tpvd;W Ie;Jk; Milahthk; Mak; nfhspd;” 26 vd;fpwhh;. thzpfk; thzpfk; nra;Ak; xUth; gpwh; nghUisAk; jk; nghUs;Nghy; Ngw;wpr; nra;jhy; mJNt thzpfk; nra;Nthh;f;F rpwe;j KiwahFk; ,jid> “thzpfk; nra;Nthh;f;F thzpfk; Ngzpg; gpwTk; jk;Nghy; nrapd;” 27 vd;whh; nre;ehg; Gyth;. Kbtiu nghUs; Nrh;f;f tpUk;GNthd; nghUs; tuk; topia mwpe;J cz;lhf;FtjpYk; mt;thW tUk; nghUis Nrkpj;Jk;> ghJgj;Jk;> jf;f topapy; nrytpLjyk; Kiwahf nray;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,JNt ehL ty;yurhf topNfhYk;. nghUs; ,y;yhiu vy;Nyhuk; ,fo;th;. nghUSilahiug; Gfo;thh; mj;jifag; nghUisg; Nghw;wp tzpfj;ij thzpfkhf khw;wp Kd;Ndw;wk; milNthk;. rhd;nwd; tpsf;fk; 1.jkpo; nyf;rpfd; g.2935> 2.jpUf;Fws; 171> 3.179> 4.759> 5.757> 6.449> 7.461> 8.463> 9.478> 10.512> 11.760> 12.247> 13.248> 14.212> 15.322> 16.44> 17.524> 18.754> 19.751> 20.753> 21.758> 22.755> 23.1000> 24.282> 25.937> 26.939> 27.120.


TdLm 113

ehybahh; fhl;Lk; <if

rh.gphpah> vk;.V.>vk;./gpy;.>gp.vl;.>

cjtpg;Nguhrpah;> jkpo;j;Jiw> gr;rKj;J fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; kfsph; fy;Y}hp> jUkGhp

Kd;Diu rKjhaj;ijAk;> kdpjidAk; ed;ndwpg;gLj;Jk; xOf;fnewpNa mwkhFk;. ew;nray;fs; midj;Jk; mwj;jpd; ghw;gLtdjhFk;. cyf ,yf;fpaq;fspypUe;J jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;ij jdpj;Jtg;gLj;jp fhl;LtJ mw ,yf;fpaNk. ,j;jifa mwepiyapy; rpwg;ghdjhf Nghw;wg;gLtJ ,y;iynad ,ue;Njhh;f;F cjtpnra;Ak; <if gz;ghFk;. ehybahhpy; ,lk;ngWk; <ifnewpapid MuhAk; Nehf;fpy; ,f;fl;Liu mikfpwJ. <if tpsf;fk; ,ug;ghh;f;nfhd;W <jy;@ mth; Ntz;LtJ <jy;. mth; Nfl;gjw;F Kd;ghfNt mth; Kff;Fwpg;G mwpe;J vt;tifg; gaDk; fUjhJ <tNj <if. ,j;jifa gz;Gfs; xUq;F Nrh;e;jNj <if mwkhFk;. tho;tpay; mwq;fs; gy ,Ue;jhYk; twpath;fSf;F nfhLf;Fk; rpwe;j gz;Ng <ifahFk;. vt;tpj vjph;g;ghh;g;Gk;> jpUk;gg;ngWk; jd;ikAk; mw;wJ <if. jha; ,oe;j gps;isfs;> kidtpia ,oe;j jiytd;> tha;Ngr Kbahj Cikfs;> thzpfk; nra;J jd;nghUis ,oe;jth;fs;> czT cz;gjw;Nf MjuT ,y;yhjth;fs;> ghh;itaw;Nwhh; ,th;fNs <jYf;F chpath;fshf mw ,yf;fpaq;fspy; $wg;gl;bUg;gpDk;> ek;Kila Kd;Ndhh;fs; vt;tpjg; ghFghLkpd;wp> midj;J caph;fSf;Fk; <if nra;j nra;jpfs; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. mfuhjp tpsf;fk; nfhil> nghd;> fw;gfk;> ,z;L> Gypnjhlf;fp> fhil> fhw;W> Nkfk;> fw;gf kuk;> ,y;yhik> <jy;> nfhLj;jy;> fz;lq;nfhb (nka;ag;gd; mfuhjp> g.168) ,t;thW <if vd;w nrhy;Yf;F gy;NtW nghUs;fs; cs;sij mfuhjpapd; thapyhf mwpayhk;. <ifapd; rpwg;G kdpjh;fs; jd;Dila MAspy; ghjpia nry;tk; <l;liyAk;> mij kw;wth;fSf;F gfph;e;jspj;jiyAk; flikahf nfhz;L tho;e;J te;jNjhLkl;Lky;yhky; fz;iz ,ikf;fhg;gJ Nghy; <ifia fhj;J te;jdh;. ,y;yhjtUf;F nghUs; nfhLj;jNy <if vdg;gLk;. kw;wth;fSf;Ff; nfhLg;gnjy;yhk; gad; fUjpr;nra;tjhFk;. “twpahh;f;nfhd;W <tNj <ifkw; nwy;yhk;

Fwpnajph;g;ig ePu Jilj;J” vd;fpwhh; ts;Sth;. nry;tk; epiwa ,Uf;Fk;NghJ thhp toq;fpaijg; Nghy ey;y Fzk; cilath;fis kfpo;r;rpAld; tuNtw;fr; nrhh;fj;jpd; fjTfs; $l %lg;glhJ jpwe;jpUf;Fk;. ,d;W ,Ue;J ehis mopAk; jd;ikAs;s nry;tq;fis ,utyh;fSf;F Kfk; kyh;e;J nfhLg;gjhy; gUe;Jld; njhlh;e;J nry;Yk; mjd; epoiyg;Nghy cah;e;j tpz;Zyfpy; Nkyhd ed;ikia jUtJ cWjpahFk;. “ gUe;NjhLW eponyhd;Wah; gadPd;wd” - (Njk;ghtzp-efug;glyk;;.63) Vio> vspath;fSf;F nghUs; nfhLg;gjpy; Nghl;b>Nghh; Vw;gl;lNj xopa gifahy;; Nghh; cUthdjpy;iy> “epiwthd; nghUs; ,Lthh; Nghuy;yJ gifapy;yJ” - (Njk;ghtzp.66)


TdLm 114

,g;ghlypd; top rpwe;j mwkhd <if gz;gpw;fhf Nghl;bNghl;l nra;jpia mwpayhk;. “Kd;NdNu rhk;ehs; Kdpjf;f %g;Gs ............................................. .................................. ifj;Jz;lhk; Ngho;J” - (ehyb.92)

ehk; thof;$ba ehl;fs; kpfTk; FiwT. mjpYk; cly;eyf;NfLk;> KJikAk; rhFk; ehSk; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,g;gb Jah;R+o;e;j tho;f;ifapd; eLNt ehk; gzj;jpw;fhf miytij tpl;LmidtUlDk; gfph;e;Jz;L thOk; tho;f;ifia thoNtz;Lk; vd;gij ehybahh; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. “mwid kwNty;” vd;w xsitapd; $w;W ,q;F Nehf;fj;jf;fJ. tWikapd; fz; thb JaUgth;fs; ,t;Tyfpy; gyh; mth;fSf;F <if kdg;ghd;ikNahL cjTgth;fs; rpyNu> vt;tsT jhd; nry;tj;ij gpwh; mwpahjthWk;> mLj;jth;fSf;F nfhLf;fhkYk;> G+l;bitj;jhYk;> ePq;f Ntz;ba Neuj;jpy; ePq;fptpLk;. “ <ahh; Njl;;ilj; jPahh; nfhs;thh;” - (nfhd;iwNte;jd;.4) <if vd;gJ ,utyUf;F jhdhf Kd;te;J nfhLg;gJ. ghhpapd; nfhilj;jd;ikia Gfo;e;J ghbAs;shh; fgpyh;. gpd;tUkhW> gyk; epiwe;j ghhpapd; nry;tq;fis %Nte;jh;fSk; Nrh;e;J Nghh; nra;J nty;yf; fUjpdhYk; KbahJ. ,j;jifa rpwg;Gg; nghUe;jpa ghhp rpwpa ahio kPl;b ,irg;ghb tUk; ghzh;fSf;F ehl;ilAk; Fd;iwAk; Nrh;j;J ghprhfj; je;jhd; vd;gij> “tpiuxyp $e;jy; Ek; tpwypah; gpd;tu MbdPh; ghbdPh; nrypNd ehLk; Fd;Wk; xUq;F <Ak;Nk” - (Gwk;.109) vd;w GwehD}w;W mbfs; thapyhf mwpayhk;. “Vw;wifk; khw;whik vd;dhDe;jhk; tiuah jhw;whjhh;f; fPtjhk; Mz;fld;” - (ehyb.98) vd;w thpfSf;F Vw;g jk;ik ehb tUgth;fSf;F Njitahditfis thhp toq;ff;$ba epiyapy; Mz;fs; ,Ue;Js;shh;fs;. nrq;Fl;ltdpd; <ifg; gz;gpid> “jPQ;NrW tpise;j kzpepw kl;lk; Xk;gh tPifapd; tz;kfpo; Rue;J Nfhbah; ngUq;fpid tho thbay;” jdf;nfdr; rpwpJk; fUjhJ <Ak; ,ay;gpdhy; kpf;f kfpo;r;rpapid tPuh;f;Fk;> Nghh;f;fsk; ghLk; nghUeh;> ghzh; KjypNahh;f;Fk;> $j;juJ nghpa Rw;wk; ctf;Fk; gbahf nfhLj;J cjtpatd;. Nrud; nrq;Fl;Ltd; vd;gij guzh; ntspg;gLj;jpAs;shh;. “,wg;gr; rpwpnjd;dh jpy;nyd;dh njd;Wk; mwg;gad; ahh;khl;LQ; nra;f” - (ehyb.99) ,y;iy vd;W tUgth;fSf;F nfhLj;J cjTtJ rpwe;j mwkhFk;. tPLfs; NjhWk; ifNae;jp tUgth;fSf;F rpwpjhf ,Lfpd;w gpr;ir mg;ghj;jpuk; KOtJk; epiwe;J tpLtJ Nghy <if nra;gth;fspd; rpwg;G nghpajhfNt fUjg;gLk; vd;fpwJ ehybahh;. “ngah;ghy; kionga;ahf; fz;Zk; cyfk; nraw;ghy; nra;ah tpbDk;” - (ehyb> 97) kio nga;a Ntz;ba fhyj;jpy; nga;ahky; Nghdhy; cyfk; epiyj;jpUf;fhJ. mNjg;Nghd;W> jUkk; vd;w xU mwg;gz;G ,y;yhtpbd; cyfpy; cs;s caph;fs; vg;gb caph; gpiof;Fk; vd;gij vz;zp xt;nthUtUk; <if nra;a Ntz;Lk;. xUtd; jPq;fhd nraypy; <Lgl;lhy; mtd; Co;tpid gaid mDgtpg;ghd;. mJg;Nghy <if nra;gtdpd; Gfo; kWikapYk; epiyf;Fk;. <ahikapd; ,opT ,uf;fKw;W jhdk; mspf;fhj fUkpfs; Raeyj;NjhL Nrh;j;J itj;j nry;tj;ij nfhbath;fs; mgfhpj;J nry;th;.


TdLm 115

“,k;kpahprpj; JizahDk; itfYk; Ek;kpy; ,iat nfhLj;Jz;kpd;” - (ehyb.94) Vio vspath;fSf;F gpb mhprpahtJ nfhLj;J cjtNtz;Lk;. mg;gb nfhLj;J cjthjtd; ,g;gpwtpapy; rikj;J cz;zKbahJ gpr;ir vLf;Fk; epiyf;F js;sg;gLthd;. “el;lhh;f;Fk; es;shj jth;f;Fk; cstiuahy; ....................................... ml;Lz;luy;” - (ehyb.271) ehk; cz;Zk; czit jk;NkhL el;G nfhz;lth;f;Fk; el;gpy;yhjth;fSf;Fk;; gfph;e;jspj;J cz;zhky; mij kiwj;J itg;gth;fSf;F tPl;Lyff; fjT milf;fg;gLk;. ,g;gpwg;gpYk; kWgpwg;gpYk; mLj;jth;fSf;F <e;JthoNtz;Lk;. tWikapy; thbath;fSf;F nfhLj;Jjt Kbahjepiyapy; ,Ue;jhy; mjw;fhf mLj;jth;fsplk; ,ue;J ahrfk; Nfl;fhky; ,Ug;gJ kpfr; rpwe;j mwkhFk;. “,d;ikapdpd;dhj jpy;iyapy; nyd;dhj td;ikapd; td;ghl;l jpy;” - (ehd;kzpf;fbif.133) xUtDf;F fy;tpAk; nry;tKk; tho;tpy; cah;thf fpilg;gijg;Nghy; jk;kplk; ,ue;J Nfl;gth;f;F ,y;iy vd;dhj FzKk; rpwe;j gz;ghf fUjg;gLfpwJ. gpwUf;F cjtp thOk; nghpath;fs; CUs;Ns cah;e;j ,lj;jpy; midtUk; te;J gad;ngWk; tifapy; ,Uf;Fk; gidkuk; Nghd;wth;fs;. “eLT+Us; Ntjpif Rw;Wf;Nfhl; Gf;f gLgid ad;dh; gyh;er;r tho;thh;” - (ehyb.96) gpwUf;F cjtp thohjth;fs; xUtUf;Fk; gad;glhJ. CUf;F ntspNa RLfhl;by; ,Uf;Fk; ntw;Wg; gidkuk; Nghd;wth;fs;. “ts;sy;fspd;ik ghprpyh;f;F Kd;dpd;dh tz;ikapyhsh; tdg;gpd;dh thq;fpd;dh” - (,d;dhehw;gJ.10> g.236) ,t;Tyfpy; <if Fzk; ,y;yhjth;fspd; gzk; ,utyUf;F kpfTk; Jd;gj;ij jUk;. <if Fzkpy;yhjth;fSila moF Jd;gkhk; vd;gij ,d;dhehw;gJ top mwpayhk;. “jUkj;ij xU ehSk; kwf;f Ntz;lh” - (cyfePjp) vd;w xsitapd; $w;wpw;F ,dq;f ek; tho;tpy; <ifia filg;gpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. Kurpd; xyp xU fhjk; J}uk; Nfl;gJ NghyTk;> ,bapd; Xir gy iky;fs; nrd;W NrUtijg; Nghy gpwUf;F cjTk; rhd;Nwhh;fspd; Gfo; %d;W cyfq;fSf;Fk; nrd;W NrUk;. ,j;jifa ngUq;Fzk; cilath;fspd; Gfo; vy;iyf; fle;J epw;Fk;. Mjyhy;> kw;wth;fSf;F nfhLj;J jhDk; cz;L tho;tNj tho;f;ifahFk;. <if Fzk; vd;gJ jdpkdpjr; rpe;jidapy; Njhd;wp rKjhag; gaDilajhf mikfpd;wJ. tWikapy; thLgth;fSf;F cjTk;NghJ mr;nray; cah;e;jjhf kjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. tWikapy; thLk; ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh; jhd; ngw;W te;j nghUisj; jd; kidtpaplk; nfhLj;J mjid jk; Rw;wjhUf;F gfph;e;jspf;fr; nrhy;fpwhh;;. “nry;tj;Jg; gaNd <jy; Ja;g;Ngk; vdpNd jg;Ge gyNt” - (Gwk;.189-78) vd;fpwJ GwehD}W. KbTiu <if vd;gJ kdKte;J nfhLg;gJ. rpgp rf;futh;j;jp Gwhtpd; Jd;gj;ij jPh;g;gjw;fhf jd;Dila jiriaNa <e;jhh;. Ky;iyf;F Njh; nfhLj;jhd; ghhp. kapYf;F Nghh;it je;jtd; Ngfd;. ,g;gb m/wpiz caph;fspd; epiyfisAk; fz;L <e;jth;fs; ek; Kd;Ndhh;. mk;kugpNy te;j ehKk; ek; tho;f;ifapy; <ifia filg;gpbj;J tho;e;J te;Njhkhdhy; ,t;Tyfpy; <if vd;gJ midthplKk; epiyj;J epw;Fk;. ,d;wsTk; kdpjNeaj;JlDk; <if gz;GlDk; thOk; rhd;Nwhh;fs; ,g;G+Tyfpy; cs;sdh; vd;gij ehk; kWf;fKbahJ. Mjyhy; <ifia ek; tho;ehspy; filg;gpbj;Njhkhdhy; ,k;ikahfp kWikapYk; nja;tj;jpw;F xg;ghf kjpf;fg;gLgthh;fs; vd;gjpy; vt;tpj IaKk; ,y;iy.


TdLm 116

ePjp E}y;fs; czHj;Jk; epiyahik mwk;

�ைனவ� க.இராஜா இைண�ேபராசி�ய ம�� தைலவ ,வி�யா ம�தி கைல ம�� அறிவிய� க��

கா�ேட�, ஊ�த!கைர, கி"�#னகி� (மா.)

,t;Tyfpy; epiyahdJ vd;gJ vJTk; fpilahJ. vy;yhk; mope;J Nghff; $ba jd;ik cilajhfNt fUjg;gLk;. ehybapy; jdpj;jdpahf nry;tk; epiyahik> ,sik epiyahik> ahf;if epiyahik vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. Mdhy; ts;StNuh epiyahik vd;Nw Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. gpw;fhy ePjp E}y;fSk; epiyahikia mjpfk; NgRfpd;wd. MfNt gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F kw;Wk; gpw;fhy ePjp E}y;fs; czHj;Jk; epiyahikia xg;gpLtjhf ,f;fl;Liu mikfpd;wJ. epiyahikiag; gw;wp ghpNkyofh; jdJ ciuapy;> “Njhw;wk; cilad ahTk; epiyAjy; ,ythk; jd;ik kaq;fpa topg;Ngha;j; Njhpd; Gdy; Nghyj; Njhd;wp> nky; czh;e;jtopf; fapw;wpy; muT Nghyf; nfLjypd; ngha; vd;ghUk;. epiy NtWghL tUjyhy; fze;NjhWk; gpwe;J ,wf;Fk; vd;ghUk;. xU thw;whd; NtWgLjYk; xU thw;whdd; NtWglhikAk; cilikahd; epiyAjYk; epiyahdikAk; xUq;Nf cila vd;ghFk; vdg; nghUl;ngw;wpf; $Wthh; gy jpwj;jhh; Mth;> vy;yhh;f;Fk; mtw;wJ epiyahik cld;ghL Mjypd; <z;L mjidNa $Wfpd;whh;. ,/J czh;e;Jop my;yJ nghUs;fs; gw;W tplhJ Mjypd; ,J Kd;itf;fg;gl;lJ” (ghpNkyofH (c.M)> jpUf;Fws;> g.144) vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. “kaf;fj;jpdhy; ‘jhd;’ (ehd;) vd;W epidj;J ,Uf;fpd;w ahf;ifiaAk; jdJ (vdJ) vd;W epidj;J ,Uf;fpdw nghUSk; epiy epy;yhikiaf; $wy;” (vLj;jhsg;gl;lJ> f.g. mwthzd; (c.M)> jpUf;Fws;> g.149) vd;W epiyahikiag; gw;wp kzf;FltH Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH. “nry;tk;> ahf;if> ,sik ,Jfy; epiy my;y” (NkyJ> g.149) vd;W ghpjpkhH fiyQH jdJ ciuapy; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH. nry;tUk; mtHjk; jiyKiwapdUk; vr;rhpf;ifahfTk; ftdkhfTk; njhlHe;J ,Ug;ghH vdpy; mtUk;> mtH FLk;gj;jhUk; nry;t epiyapy; ,Ue;J jho;tJ ,y;iy. may;ehLfspYk;> ,e;jpahtpYk; $l Ik;gJ Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G nry;t epiyia mile;Jtpl;L nghpa FLk;gq;fs; ,d;Wk; jhohky; ,Uf;fpd;wd. NkYk; cr;rj;ij Nehf;fp caHe;J nfhz;L cs;sd. nry;tk; epiyahik vd;w fUj;J Ntshz;ikia kl;Lk; ek;gp ,Ue;j> me;j Ntshz;ikf;F kioia kl;Lk; ek;gp ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa xd;whFk;. kio ,y;yhky; NghdhYk; kpFjpahfg; nghope;jhYk; Ntshz;ik mope;JtpLk;. Ntshz;ikia kl;Lk; njhopyhff; nfhz;Ls;s jdpegUk;> FLk;gq;fSk;> ehLfSk; gpd;diltpy; ,Ug;gjw;Ff; fhuzk; ,JNt. tzpfepiy nropj;j gpwF ,f;fUJNfhs; ngha;j;Jtpl;lJ. je;ij kpfTk; fw;W ,Ug;ghNuahdhy; mtUila kfd; je;ijiag; Nghy; fw;fyhk;. fw;fhkYk; Nghfyhk;. je;ijapd; fy;tp mwpT jiyKiwapdHf;Fj; jhdhfj; njhlHtjpy;iy. njhlu tha;g;Gk; ,y;iy. Mdhy; je;ij NrHj;J itj;J ,Uf;Fk; nry;tk; jiyKiwf;Fk; njhlHfpwJ. mJ epiyg;gJ jiyKiwapdhpd; ifapy; cs;sJ. je;ijapd; fy;tpepiyik mila Kbahj FLk;gj;jpdH> je;ij NrHj;j nry;tj;ij mila KbAk;É Efu KbAk; vd;gNj elg;G.


TdLm 117

nry;tk; epiyahik nry;tk; Xhplj;jpy; epiyahf ,Ug;gjpy;iy. mWRitahfpa czit> kidtp md;NghL nghUe;jp cz;gpf;f> Kd; ftsj;ij ePf;fpg; gpd; ftsj;ij cz;l ngUQ;nry;tKk;> mr;nry;tk; mopa tWik cilatuhfp> NtNwhH ,lj;jpy; Ngha;f; $iog; gpr;irnaLg;ghHfs; vd;why; nry;tkhfpa xU nghUs; epiyaha; cs;sjhf kdjpy; itj;J vz;zj;jf;f jd;ik cilajd;W. ,jid> “ kWrpif ePf;fpAz; lhUk; - twpQuha;r; nrd;wpUg;ghH Xhplj;Jf; $o; vdpd; nry;tk; xd;W” ehyb.6. vd;Dk; ghly; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ,g;ghly; mWRit czit kidtp tpUg;gj;Jld; nfhLf;f mij fztd; nry;tk; ,Uf;Fk; nrUf;fpy; cztpid mtkjpj;jy; $lhJ vd;gij czHj;JfpwJ. nry;tk; vd;gJ vthplj;Jk; epiyj;J epw;gjpy;iy. nry;tkhdJ tz;bapd; rf;fuj;ijj; Nghy; khwp khwpr; Rod;W tUk; jd;ikAilajhFk;. ,jidNa ts;StUk;> “ mw;fh ,ay;gpw;Wr; nry;tk; mJngw;why; mjw;Fg Mq;Nf nray;” Fws;.333. vd;w Fws; %yk; nry;tk; epue;jukhf xNu ,lj;jpy; jq;Fk; ,ay;gpid cilaJ md;W vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH. nry;tk; epiyahik vd;gjw;F fhyj;jpw;F Vw;g vy;yhg; nghUSk; nrd;WtpLfpd;wd. Mdhy; tho;fpd;w fhyj;jpy; nry;tj;jpd; %ykhf mwnewpapidr; nra;Njhkhdhy; me;j GfohdJ vd;Wk; epiyj;J epw;Fk; vdyhk;. ,t;Tyfpy; ,iwtidj; jtpu gpw nry;tk; vJTk; epiyaw;wJ. mjw;fhfNtjhd; nry;tk; vdg; ngahpl;ldH. vj;njhopiyr; nra;J nry;tj;ij ngUf;fpdhYk; ,Wjpapy; ,iwtd; vd;Dk; nry;tj;ij te;jiltH vd;gij> “ kaf;fw; ehLkpd; thdtH Nrhidg;

ngaw;nfhz;ly; Nghyg; ngUQ;nry;tkhNk” (g. mUzhr;ryk;> jpUke;jpuf; Nfhl;ghL> g.36) vdj; jpUke;jpuk; nry;tj;jpidg; gw;wpf; $WfpwJ. nry;tk; my;yhjtw;iwr; nry;tk; vdf; fUjp kaq;fp epw;fhky; nja;tNk rpwe;j nry;tk; vdf; fUjp ,iwtdhfpa nry;t Qhdj;ijg; ngw;Wr; rpwg;Gld; thoyhk; vdj; jpU%yH $Wfpd;whH. ehk; ,g;nghOJ nry;tk; cilatHfs; vd;W vz;zp kfpo;e;J> jhk; ,dpr; nry;Yk; kWik cyfj;ij epidahj mw;g Gj;jpAilatHfsJ ngUQ;nry;tk;> ,utpy; fhpa Nkfk; tha; jpwe;jjdhy; cz;lhfpa kpd;diyg; Nghyr; rpwpJ fhyk; Njhd;wp epd;W clNd jhd; ,Ue;j ,lKk; Njhd;whky; mope;Jg; NghFk; vd;gij> “ nry;tHahk; vd;Wjhk; nry;Top naz;zhj Gy;ywp thsH ngUQ;nry;tk;” ehyb.8. vd;Dk; thpfs; czHj;Jfpd;wd. $j;J elf;Fk; ehlf muq;if Nehf;fpg; Nghl;b Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L kf;fs; $l;lk; $Lk; tha;g;G mikapd; nry;tKk; mt;thNw NrUk;. $j;J Kbe;j fzj;jpy; kf;fs; xt;nthUtuhff; fiye;Jr; nry;tijg; Nghyr; NrHe;j nry;tKk; mopAk; vd;W ts;StH nry;tj;jpd; epiyahikia> “ $j;jhl;L mitf;Fohj; jw;Nw> ngUQ;nry;tk; Nghf;Fk; mJtpspe; jw;W” Fws;.332. vd;w Fws; top czHj;JfpwhH. guk;giur; nry;tUk; rhd;NwhUk; nfl;L twpauhjy; cz;L. Ntirahpd; gps;isfSk; fPo;kf;fSk; nry;tk; cilatuhjy; cz;L. Filiaj; jiuapy; itj;jpUf;Fk; nghOJ mjd; ifg;gpb fPNo njhl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;. kioapNy> ntapypNy gpbf;Fk; NghJ Filapd; ifg;gpb fPNoAk;> NkNyAk; fhyj;jpw;Fj; jf ,lk;khWjy; Nghy cyfKk; fPOk; NkYkhf khwpf;nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;. ,jid>


TdLm 118

“ cilg; ngUQ;nry;tUk; rhd;NwhUk; nfl;L Gilg; ngz;bH kf;fSk; fPOk;ngUfp” ehyb.368. vd;w ghly; %yk; nry;te;jUk;> rhd;NwhUk; tWik cilatHfshfTk;> fPNohH nry;te;juhfTk; khw;wk; milAk;. vdNt nry;tk; epiyahdJ my;y vd;gij czHj;JfpwJ. tWtha;f;F kpQ;rpa nryT nra;apd; mJ nry;tj;jpw;F ,Wthahf mikAk; vd;gij> “ ............ ......... ........... J}f;F,y; kpFjp ,Wtha nry;tq;fs;” ehd;kzp.19. vd;Dk; nra;Asbfs; czHj;Jfpd;wJ. nry;tk; epiyahf ,y;yhky; fiujy; tho;f;ifj; njg;gj;ij miyf;fopf;Fk; topahFk;. ,jid> “ gpizr; nry;tk; khz;G ,d;W ,aq;fy; Gid,y; epiy fyFkhW” jphp.88. vd;W ,r;nra;As; czHj;JfpwJ. kiy Nghd;W ngUQ; nry;tj;ijg; ngw;wpUe;jtH xNu ehspy; midj;Jk; ,oe;J mope;jhYk; moptH vd;gij> “ Fd;W mj;jid ,Uepjpiag; gilj;NjhH md;iwg; gfNy mopapDk; moptH” ntw;wp.53. vd;w ghly;thpfs; %yk; czug;gLfpd;wJ. xUtDf;F Mgj;J te;jhy; mjpypUe;J tpLgl mhpa nghUl;fs; Ntz;Lk;. nry;tq;fspd; jiytpahfpa jpUkfs; mUfpy; ,Ue;jhy; Mgj;J Vd; tug;NghfpwJ. Mgj;J tUk; NghJ jpUkfSk; tpyfptpLths;. mtDld; ,Uf;Fk; vy;yhg; nghUSk; Ngha;tpLk;. ,jid> “ ......... ........... ........... Mgj;J te;j ytS apUthk nyg;nghUSk; me;Njh Tld;Ngh kwp” ePjpntz;gh.45. vd;w thpfs; %yk; Jd;gk; JizfNshLk; tUk;. nry;tk; vd;Wk; epiyapy;yhjJ vd;gjid czuKbfpd;wJ. ahf;if epiyahik ahf;if epiyahik vd;gJ kuzk; cWjp vd;w ngsj;jj;jpd; kWtbtk;. vdpDk;> kuzk; tiu tho;tJ cWjp. mt;tho;it ey;tho;thf mikj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. kw;wtHf;Fg; gad;gLk; tha;g;ghf mikj;Jf;; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,Uj;jy; rKjhaj;jpw;F ey;yJ. ,q;F ,uT te;Nj jPUk; vd;gjw;fhfg; gfy; ntspr;rj;jpYk; fjTfisg; G+l;bj; jpiur; rPiyfshy; %b ,Ul;ilr; nraw;ifahf cUthf;fp tho;tJ mwpTilikahfhJ. ahf;if epiyahik vd;gJ kdpjdpd; clk;gpy; Vw;gLfpd;w khWghL MFk;. kdpjdpd; gpwg;G Kjy; ,wg;G tiuapyhd khWjiy czHj;JtNj ahf;if epiyahik vdg;gLk;. ehk; NtW ek; cly; NtW vd QhdpaHfs; gyUk; $wpapUe;jhYk; clk;G> capH vd vjd; kPJk; gw;wpy;yhky; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ jpU%yH fUj;jhFk;. kdpjDila filrp fhyj;jpy; ,t;Tlk;ig tpl;L capH gphpAk; NghJ clyhdJ epiyapy;yhky; nray;gLfpwJ. kdpj capuhdJ clk;ig tpl;L ePq;fpaJk; ntWk; $L vd;Wjhd; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;. Njhy;jhd; kpQ;Rk;. vdNt ,e;j ntw;W clk;gpd; kPJ Mir nfs;shky; gw;Wfis tpl;lhy; kdpj ,dkhdJ Nfhb ed;ik milAk;. clk;gpd; moNf capUf;F Mgj;J vdf; fUjhky; rpyH clk;gpd; kPJ mjpfg;gbahd ftdj;ijr; nrYj;jp clk;gpd; kPJ myq;fhuk; nra;Jnfhs;fpd;wdH. myq;fhuk; nra;ag;gl;l clk;gpd; mofhdJ vd;Wk; epiyj;J epw;gjpy;iy. me;j clk;gpd; kPJ Mir nfhs;shky; tpyfp ,Uj;jNy eyk; gaf;Fk; vd;gij>


TdLm 119

“ Ky;iy Kif KWty; Kj;njd;wpit gpjw;Wk; fy;yhg;Gd; khf;fs; ftw;w tpLNtNdH” ehyb.45. vd;Dk; ghlybfs; clk;G epiyahikapid czHj;Jfpd;wd. clk;ghdJ kiyapd; Nky; mire;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w Nkfk; Nghy; ,e;j epyj;jpy; fhzg;gl;L> fz;l nghONj epiyapy;yhky; capH xope;J Ngha;tpLk;. Mjyhy; clk;ig cWjpAilajhfg; ngw;wtHfs;. jhk; ngw;w clk;gpdhy; jf;f mwg;gaid Njbf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,jid> “ ........ .......... .............. ahf;if kiyahL kQ;RNghy; Njhd;wp kw;whq;Nf epiyahJ ePj;J tpLk;” ehyb.28. vd;w ghlybfs; %yk; clyhdJ ,t;Tyfpy; fz;lTlNdNa fhzhky; mope;J Ngha;tpLk; vd;w nra;jpia czuKbfpd;wJ. ,ijg;Nghd;Nw ts;StUk;> “ Flk;ig jdpj;J xopag; Gs;gwe;jw;Nw clk;nghL caphpil el;G” Fws;.338. vd;w Fws; top Kl;ilapy; ,Ue;J FQ;R rpwF Kisj;jgpd; Kl;iliag; Gwf;fzpj;J tpl;Lg; gwe;JtpLjy; Nghy capUk; clk;ig tpl;L xUehs; gphpe;J NghFk;. mJ jpUk;g tUtjpy;iy. clk;Gf;Fk; capUf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s njhlHG mt;tsTjhd; vd;W clk;G epiyahikiag; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH. NkYk; capUf;Fk; clYf;Fk; CNl cs;s njhlHG ve;j Neuj;jpYk; Kbe;Jtplyhk; vd;gij mwpahjtHfs; vjpH fhyj;jpy; nra;a Ntz;ba Nfhbf;fzf;fhd jpl;lq;fisj; jPl;Lfpd;whHfs; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH. xt;nthU ehSk; ek; tho;ehis ntl;bf; Fiwf;Fk; ths; vd;gij vtUk; czHtJ fpilahJ. vkd; xUtUila tho;ehs; fhyk; KbAk; NghJ mthplk; cs;s tsik> Gfo;> ty;yhz;ik> moF> gUt ,sik> caHe;j Fbgpwg;G Kjyhdtw;iwg; ghHj;J mtw;Wf;F kjpg;gspj;J jd; nraiy iftpl;Lg; NghFk; jd;ik fpilahJ. vdNt ,t;Tyfpy; ehk; thOk; tho;ehspy; mwq;fisr; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gij> “ kjpj;jQ;rp khWk/jpd;ikahy;> $w;wk; Fjpj;Ja;e;J mwpthNuh ,y;” go.173. vd;w gonkhop %yk; mwpaKbfpd;wJ. ,e;j clyhdJ Rlg;glhj kz;izg; Nghd;wJ. kio nghope;jTld; kz; fiue;J tpLtJ Nghd;W ,t;Tliy tpl;L capH gphpe;J nrd;WtpLk;. vdNt ahf;ifahdJ epiyahdJ ,y;iy vd;gijj; jpU%yH> “ jpz;nzd;W ,Ue;jJ jPtpid NrHe;jJ tpz;zpd;W ePHtpopd; kPz;Lk; kz;Mdhw;Nghy;” jpUke;.143. vd;w ghly;top czHj;JfpwhH. xNu jd;ikAila kz;zhy; Md ,uz;L ghj;jpuq;fisr; nra;J xd;wpid jPapdhy; Rlg;gl;Lk;> kw;nwhd;W gr;irahf fhzg;gl;lJ. xU ghj;jpuk; jPapdhy; Rlg;gl;ljhy; cWjp cilajhf ,Ue;jJ. ,d;ndhU ghj;jpuk; gr;irkz; Rlg;glhky; ,Ue;jJ. mJ kio nga;jTld; jz;zPhpy; fiue;J kPz;Lk; fspkz;NzhL kz;zhff; fye;Jtpl;lJ. ,J Nghyj;jhd; mopaf; $ba ,e;j clk;gpd; kPJ kf;fs; midtUk; kpFjpahfg; gw;W nfhz;L nray;gLfpd;wdH. ,e;j clyhdJ GOf;fSk;> Neha;fSk; nfhz;L ,Uf;ff; $baJ vd;gij> “ .......... ........... ........... ,t;Tlk;G nghy;yhg; GO kypNeha; Gd;Fuk;ig> ey;yhH” ey;.7. vd;w ghly; %yk; xsitahH Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH. ve;j tifahy; rpe;jpj;Jg; ghHj;jhYk; ,e;j clk;G nfl;l GOf;fSk;> Vuhskhd gpzpfSk; $bapUf;Fk; rpWikf;Fhpa Fbirahf ,Uf;fpwJ. ey;ytHfs; ,jid mwpe;J jhkiu ,iy jz;zPH Nghy tho;f;ifNahL xd;whky; ,Ug;gH.


TdLm 120

jpUkzf; Nfhyj;jpy; ,Ue;j ngz;fs; jpBnud kuzKw;w jk; fzthpd; gpzj;ijj; jOtp mOJ jpUkz MiliaNa gpzj;jpw;Fg; NghLk; Nfhb Milahf Mfpf; $l;b Kbe;j $e;jiy mtyj;jpd; milahskhf tphpj;Jg; NghLk; epiy tuyhk; vd;W ahf;if epiyahikiag; gw;wp mjptPu uhk ghz;bad;> “ kzmzp mzpe;j kfspH Mq;Nf gpzmzp mzpe;Jjk; nfhOeiuj; joP,” ntw;wp.56. vd;w ghly; top czHj;Jfpd;whH. jpUf;Fwspy; $wg;gl;Ls;s fUj;Jf;fisg; gpd;gw;wpNa ehybahhpy; gy fUj;Jf;fs; Njhd;wpAs;sd vd;gJk; jpUf;Fwisg; gpd;gw;wpNa gpw;fhyj;jpy midj;J ePjp E}y;fSk; Njhd;wpAs;sd vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ. khw;wj;ijj; jtpu ,t;Tyfpy; khwhjJ vJTk; ,y;iy. vy;yhk; mope;J Nghff;$baJ vd;gjNa gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fSk; gpw;fhy ePjp E}y;fSk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.


TdLm 121

rq;f fhy mwg;Nghh;fSk; kwg;Nghh;fSk;;;;;;

,uh.,uhkJiu> vk;.V.> vk;./gpy;.>

cjtpg;Nguhrphpah;> jkpoha;Tj;Jiw> = tpj;ah ke;jph; fiy (k) mwptpay; fy;Y}hp fhl;Nlhp> Cj;jq;fiu

xU kdpjd; kdpjdhf tho;tjw;F kpFe;j Jizahf tpsq;FtJ mtd; filgpbf;Fk; mwq;fNs fhuzkhfj; jpfo;fpd;wJ. ey;y mwq;fisf; filgpbj;jhy; ey;YyF milthd;. jPa mwq;fisf; filgpbj;jhy; eufk; milthd; vd;gJ rhd;NwhHfspd; thf;F. mjd;gb ey;yit vit vd;gNj mwj;jpd; ,d;wpaikahikf;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. mwk; vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Kjd;ikahdjhf Nghw;wg;gl;lJ vd;gjw;F gtze;jp mbfs; rhd;W gfh;fpwhh; “ cWjpg; nghUs;fs; mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk;> tPL” (ed;.10) ,e;ehd;fDs; Kjyplk; ngWk; mwk;. kdpj tuyhw;Wld; njhlh;GilajhFk;. “mwkhf kD Kjypa E}y;fspy; tpjpj;jd nra;jYk; tpyf;fpad xopjYkhFk;. m/J xOf;fk;> tof;F> jz;lnkd %tifg;gLk;.” (jpUf;Fws; %yKk; ghpNkyofH ciuAk;> g.1) “,tw;Ws; tof;Fe; jz;lKk; cyf newp epWj;Jjw; gaj;jthtjy;yJ xOf;fk;Nghy kf;fSaph;f;F cWjp gaj;jw; rpwg;gpythfyhDk; mitjhk; E}yhNdad;wp czh;T kpFjpahDe;Nja tpaw;ifahDk; mwpag;gLjyhDk;> mtw;iw nahOj;J> <z;Lj; nja;tg; Gyikj; jpUts;Stuhw; rpwg;Gila xOf;fNk mwnkd vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ” (NkyJ> g.2) vd;ghh; ghpNkyofh;. “mwkhtJ caph;fSf;F ,jkhtd nra;jYk; rj;jpak; nrhy;YjYk;> jhd jUkq;fisr; nra;jYkhk;” (ehybahH ciutsk;> Kjy; ghfk;> g.86) vd;W ehybahhpd; tpsf;fTiu Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. mwk; vd;Dk; nrhy;ypw;F 1. ey;tpid 2. Iak; (gpr;ir) 3. Viofl;F ,ytrkhff; nfhLg;gJ 4. Nehahspfl;F ,ytrkhf kUe;jPif 5. eykhdJ 6. ,d;gk; (Rfk;) 7. jFjpahdJ 8. fw;G 9. Nehd;G 10. mwg;gad; (Gz;zpak;) 11. rkak; 12. Xjp (Qhdk;) 13. mwr;rhiy 14. mwj;nja;tk; 15. eLepiyawk; NgZk; $w;Wtd; Nghd;w gjpide;J tifahd nghUs;fisg; Ngufu Kjyp tpsf;fk; jUfpd;wJ. “mwk; vd;Dk; nrhy;ypw;Fj; jkpopy; vl;L tifahd nghUs;fs; toq;fp tUfpd;wd. nghJthf mJ ew;gz;G my;yJ ey;nyhOf;fk; vd;Dk; nghUspNyNa jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; toq;fg;ngw;wpUg;gij ehk; fhZfpd;Nwhk;. NkYk; tof;fk;> ePjp> flik> <if> mwf;flTs;> Gz;zpak;> rkak; Nghd;w nghUs;fspYk; toq;fp tUfpwJ”

(f.j. jpUehTf;fuR> jpUf;Fws; ePjp ,yf;fpak;> g.24) vd;W tpsf;fk; mspg;ghH f.j.jpUehTf;fuR. mwj;jpw;F tpsf;fkhf> “ mwnkdg; gLt jpahnjdf; Nfl;gpd; kwth jpJNfs; kd;DapHf; nfy;yhk; cz;bA KilA KiwAS ky;yJ fz;ljpy;” (kzpNkfiy.25:228-231) vd;W kzpNkfiy nkhopfpd;wJ. rq;f fhyj;jkpoh;fs ; mftho;f;ifAk; Gwtho;f;ifAk; ,U fz;fshff; fUjpdh;. Nghh; nra;tJ Mz;fSf;F moF kw;Wk; tPuk; vd;W fUjg;gl;lJ. vl;Lj;jpf;Fk; Nghh; nra;J tPuj;ijAk; GfioAk; cyfpw;F epiy ehl;b Kd;Ndhbahfj; jpfo;e;jth;fs; jkpoh;fs;. jkpoh;fspilNa Nghh; %z;lNghJ mij jLf;f Gyth;fs; Kad;wdh;. %Nte;jh;fs; FWepy kd;dh;fs; filnaO ts;sy;fs; MfpNahh; Nghh; epfo;j;Jk; NghJ mwg;Nghiu epfo;j;jpdh;. kf;fspilNa kwg;Nghh; ,aw;ifahfNt fhzg;gl;lJ.


TdLm 122

mwg;Nghh;fs; mwg;Nghh; vd;gJ Nghh; njhlq;Ftjw;F Kd;Gk; njhlq;fpajw;Fg; gpd;Gk; Nghh; newpKiwfisf; filgpbj;J epfo;j;JtjhFk;. epkpj;jk; fhZjy;> khiy mzpjy;> KuR miwjy;> FWepy kd;dh;fspd; Jiz Ntz;Ljy; fhty; kuq;fis mopj;jy; ghriw mikj;jy;> ehl;il jPaply;> gil tpLjy;> ngz;fs;> GwKJfpl;L XLgtd;> CdKw;Nwhh; Mfpath;fspd; kPJ Nghh; njhLf;fhky; ,Uj;jy; Nghd;wit mwg;Nghh;fspd; jd;ikahFk;. epkpj;jk; fhZjy; NghUf;Fr; nry;YKd; kd;dh;fs; kzk; tPRk; kyh;fis ney;Yld; J}tp ifj;njhOJ tzq;fp ew;nrhw;fisf; Nfl;gh;. ney;Yk; ePUk; nrhhpe;J ew;nrhw;fisf;Nfl;l KJ ngz;bh; gyh; ,Ue;jdh;. epkpj;jk; ghh;j;J gilfisj; jahh; nra;j tPuh;fs; ,Ue;jdh;. “ ned;dP nuwpe;J tphpr;rp Nahh;f;Fk; nrk;KJ ngz;bd;” 7 (Gwk;> gh.25:6-7) “ ……………. Gs;Nshh;j;J gilaikj; njOe;j ngUe;Nr ahlth;” (Gwk;> gh.25:6-7) khiy mzpjy; epkpj;jk; ghh;j;j gpwF jz;Zikia Kof;fpj; jd; Nghh; tPuh;fis mioj;J> milahsg;G+f;fisr; #l;b> jhDk; ngha;ifapy; ePuhb Nghh;f;Nfhyk; nfhs;Sjy; kughFk;. ghz;ba neLQ;nropad; ,j;jF Nfhyk; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. mofhd mj;jp khiyiar; NrhoDk;> gdk;G+ khiyiar; NruDk; #bapUe;jdh;. “ ,Uk;gdk; Nghe;ijj; njhLq; fUQ;rpid autha; Ntk;gp dq;Fioj; njhpaYk; …… …… …… …… fz;zhh; fz;zpf; fhpfhy; tstd;” (nghUeh;> gh.143–148) KuR miwjy; Nghh; KuR mr;rj;ij tpistpg;gJ. FUjp gyp nfhs;Sk; Nghh; Kurj;ij ePuhl;b> nky;ypa G+f;fshy; gug;gpa fl;by; kPJ itg;gh;. J}Jth;fs;> tPuh;fs; thOk; ,le;njhWk; KuR miwe;J mwptpg;gh;. “ tUfjpy; ty;Ny tUfjpy; ty;nyd Nte;JtpL tpOj;J} jhq;fhq; fpirg;g” (Gwk;> gh.284 :1-2) nropad;> $lypy; Nru Nrho kd;dh;fspd; ngUk; giliaj; jhf;fpaNghJ kd;dh; Gwq;fz;l nra;jp kf;fSf;F Kuriwe;J njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ. “ Kurk; nghWf;Fdh; ,d;ikapd; ,Ue;J tspe;jd” (Gwk;> gh.63:7-8) FWepy kd;dh;fspd; Jiz %Nte;jh;fSf;F FWepy kd;dh;fs; JizGhpe;jdh;. fhhp vd;Dk; rpw;wurdpd; Jizia %Nte;jh;fSk; Ntz;bdh;. jhk; cz;l nrQ;Nrhw;Wf;fld; jPh;f;fg; gyh; murDf;Fj; Jizahf ,Ue;jdh;. “ %tU nshUtd; Wg;gh fpanud Vj;jpdh; j&cq; $No” (NkyJ> gh.122:5-6) “ NrhW tha;j; njhope;Njhh;” (Ky;iyg;> gh.72) vd;Dk; thpfs; kd;dh;fspd; flid czh;j;JfpwJ. fhty; kuk; mopj;jy; gifaurd; fhty; kuj;ij ntl;b tPo;j;JtJ kuG. Ntq;if> Gd;id> Ntk;G Mfpa kuq;fs; ntw;wpiar; rpwg;gpf;Fk; kuq;fs;. ,uTg; gfyhf mk;kuq;fis tPuh;fs; fhg;ghw;wpdh;. ,k;kuj;ij ‘fb kuk;’ vd;W mioj;jdh;. ghz;bad; jiyahyq;fhdj;J nrW ntd;w neLQ;nropad; jd;


TdLm 123

gifthpd; fhty; kuq;fis mopj;jhd;. ,ikatuk;gd; neLQ;Nruyhjd; jd; gifthpd; fhty; kuk; flk;gpid mbNahL mopj;jhd;. “ fbfhtp dpiy njhiyr;rp” - (kJiuf;> gh.153) “ gyh; nkhrpj; Njhk;gpa jpus;G+q;flk;gpd; fbAil KOKj Wkpa Ntha;” - (gjpw;> gh.11:12-13) “ thath; tPo thshpd; kaf;fp ,lq;fth; fLk;gp duRjiy gzpg;gf; flk;GKj wbe;j fLQ;rpd Nte;Nj” - (gjpw;> gh.12:1-3) ghriw mikj;jy; kd;dh;fs; ghriw mikj;J> jq;fp Nghh; nra;tJ kuG. ghriw $jph;g;ghriw> Ntdpw; ghriw vd ,Utifg;gLk;. ghriw Ch; Nghyj; Njhd;Wk;. ,jid ‘fl;^h;’ vd;gh;. “ NtW Gyj;J ,Wj;j fl;^h;” (gjpw;> gh.68:2) jPapLjy; gilnaLj;Jr; nrd;w kd;dh; gifth; ehl;il jPapl;L nfhSj;jpdh;. neLQ;nropad; gifth; ehL nfLk;gb jPapl;L nfhSj;jpdhd;. ehl;il jPapl;ljhy; vOe;j GifahdJ ghz;bad; gy;ahfrhiy KJFLkpg; ngUtOjpapd; khiy thbaJ. giftuJ kUj epyj;ij Nrhod; ,uhr #ak; Ntl;l ngUew;fps;sp jPia Cl;b mopj;jhd;. “ fhnyd;d fbJuhma; ehLnfl nthpgug;gp ahyq;fhdj; jQ;RtutpWj; juRgl tkUof;fp” 15 “ thLf tpiwtepd; fd;dp nahd;dhh; ehLRL fko;Gif nahpj;j yhNd” - (Gwk;> gh.6:21-22) “ ngUe;jz;gid ghohf Vked;dh nlhs;nshp A+l;bid” - (Gwk;> gh.16:16-17) GytUk; Nghh; KiwAk; Gyth;fs; murh;fSf;F tPu czh;it Cl;bdh;. Nrhod; cUtg; g/NwhpsQ;Nrl; nrd;dpapd; gifth;fspd; ehL ‘jhia ,oe;j Foe;ijg;Nghy MFf’ vd;whh; guzh;. NfhT+h;f;fpohh; Nrhod; fps;sp tstid ‘Gyth;fs; ck;ik Nehf;f> ePNah gifth;fspd; epyj;ij Nehf;fpdha;’ vd;whh;. khq;Fb kUjdhh; neLQ;nropadpd; tPuj;ij ‘cd;id gzpe;J Ml;rp nra;ahj ehL nfl;L ghohfptpl;ld’ vd;whh;. (kJiuf;> gh.125-128) Gyth;fs; murDf;fhf gifthplk; J}J nry;tJ kuG. mjpakhd; xsitahiu njhz;il khdplk; J}J tpl;lhd;. xsitahh; njhz;il khdplk;> “ ,t;Nty; gPyp azpe;J khiy #l;bf; fz;bu Nzhd;fho; jpUj;jp nea; azpe;J …… …… …… …… giftiuf; Fj;jp NfhLEjp rpijj;J” (Gwk;> gh.95) vd;W $wpdhh;. ,U ngU Nte;jh;fisAk; rkhjhdg;gLj;JtJk; Gythpd; flikahFk;. Nrhod; neLq;fps;spapd; ciwA+iw Nrhod; eyq;fps;sp Kw;Wifapl;lhd;. mjidawpe;j NfhT+h;f;fpohh; xNu Fyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa ,UtiuAk; rkhjhdg;gLj;jpdhh;. kwg;Nghh; gz;ilf;fhyj;jpy; jkpoh;fs; kwg;gz;Gld; jpfo;jdh;. Nrtw; Nfhop> Ml;Lf;fplh> fhis Mfpatw;iw Nkhjtpl;L ghh;j;J kfpo;e;jdh;. xU jha; jd; kfdpd; khh;gpy; tPug;Gz; fz;lNghJ ghy; CwpaJ. vd; kfd; GwKJfpl;L XbapUg;ghdhapd; vd; nfhq;iffis mWg;Ngd; vd;whs;. xU jha; vd; kfd; Nghh; fsj;jpy; Njhd;Wthd; vd;whs;. kw;nwhU jha; gifth; ahidfis ntl;b kPs;tJ mtDila (kfd;) flik vd;whs;.


TdLm 124

“ Njhd;Wtd; khNjh Nghh;f;fsj;jhNd” - (Gwk;>gh.86:6) “ fspnwwpe;J ngah;jy; fhisf;Ff;flNd” - (Gwk;> gh.312:6) KbTiu ghriw mikj;jy;> gil Kiwahf nrYj;Jjy;. Nghhpd; NghJ gRf;fisAk; ghh;g;gdh;fisAk; ngz;fisAk; Kjpath;fs;> GwKJfpl;L XLgth;fisAk; MAjk; ,y;yhjth;fisAk; tpl;L tpLjy; Nghd;w Nghh; newp Kiwfisj; jkpoh;fs; filg;gpbj;jdh;.


TdLm 125

GwehD}W Fwpg;gpLk; Gutyh;fspd; mwnewpfs;

k.Mde;jts;sp

Kidth; gl;l Ma;thsh; (KONeuk;)> muR kfsph; fiyf;fy;Y}hp> fpUl;bzfphp

goe;jkpo; ,yf;fpakhfj; jpfOk; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; gy rpwg;Gfisf; nfhz;L jpfo;fpwJ. ,J gz;ila jkpoh;fspd; tho;f;ifia mfk;> Gwk; vd;w ,U gz;ghl;Lf; $Wfspd; fPo; mikj;Jf; $WtjhFk;. rq;f ,yf;fpaf; fhyj;ij ‘tPuAff; fhyk;’ vd;W mwpQh;fs; Nghw;Wfpd;wdh;. rq;f fhy kf;fspd; Nghh;> tPuk;> nfhil Nghd;wtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLk; GwehD}w;wpy; Gutyh;fspd; mwnewpfs; gw;wpar; nra;jpfis Fwpg;gpLk; tifapy; ,t;tha;Tf; fl;Liu mikfpwJ. mwk; mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk;> tPL Mfpa ehd;F cWjpg;nghUs;fis nfhz;ljhf ,yf;fpaq;fs; tpsq;Ffpd;wd. ,jpy; Kjd;ikahdjhf tpsq;Fk; mwk; midj;J nray;ghLfSf;Fk; njhlf;fkhf tpsq;FfpwJ. mwk; vd;gjw;F flik> Nehd;G> jUkk;> fw;G> ,y;ywk;> Jwtwk;> ey;tpid> mwE}y;> mwf;flTs;> jUkNjtij vd;W fofj; jkpofuhjp (g.60) nghUs; je;Js;sJ. ,jdhy; mwk; vd;gJ ey;y nray;fspd; njhFjp vd;gJ ngwg;gLfpwJ. kdpjDila tho;f;iff;F cah;it mspj;J eyk; ngw cWJizahf ,Ug;gJ mwkhFk;. Rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; ‘murpay; gpioj;Njhh;f;F mwk; $w;whFk;’ vd;Dk; cz;ikia ,sq;Nfhtbfs; svd;gij typAWj;jpAs;shh;. mwk; vdg;gLtJ cyfpy; thOk; caph;fs; midj;jpw;Fk; czT> cil> ,Ug;gplk; Mfpait fpilf;fr; nra;tjhFk;. ,jid> “ mwnkdg; gLtJ ahnjdf; Nfl;gpd; kwthJ ,J Nfs; kd;Daph;f; nfy;yhk; cz;bAk; cilAk; ciwASk; my;yJ fz;lJ ,y;” (kzp.kzpgy;y.228-231) vd;w kzpNkfiy mbfshy; mwpa Kbfpd;wd. mwr;nray;fspdhy; nghUsPl;b mjd; %yk; ,d;gk; mila Ntz;Lk; vd;gjid> “ ,d;gKk; nghUSk; mwDk; vd;whq;F md;nghL Gzh;e;j Ie;jpiz kUq;fpd;” (njhy;.fs.89) vd;W njhy;fhg;gpah; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. thOk; caph;f;F Jizahf> ehs;NjhWk; mwQ;nra;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gij jpUts;Sth;> “ md;wwpthk; vd;dhJ mwQ;nra;f kw;wJ nghd;Wq;fhy; nghd;whj; Jiz” (Fws;.36) vd;w Fwspy; nrhy;ypr; nrd;Ws;shh;. ,jdhy; mwnewpfspd; jd;ikfs; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;s Kbe;jJ. Gutyh;fs; Gutyd; vd;gtd; jd;id ehb tUk; midj;J ,utyh;fSf;Fk; mstpy;yhJ nfhLj;jDg;Gk; mwnewpg; gz;G epiwe;jtd; Mthd;. Gutyd; vd;gjw;F ‘murd;> fhg;Nghd;> nfhilahsd;’ vd;W mfuhjpapy; nghUs; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. mt;tifapy; GwehD}w;wpy; murh;fs;> rpw;W}h; jiytd;>


TdLm 126

kidahs; MfpNahh; Gutyh;fshfj; jpfo;fpwhh;fs;. murh;fs; mwnewpapy; nray;gl;l tpjj;ij Fwpg;gpLk; tifapy;> “mwnewp Kjw;Nw murpd; nfhw;wk;” (Gwk;.55@12) vd;w mb mike;Jf; fhzg;gLfpwJ. murh;fspd; nfhil nfhil vd;gJ jd;dplk; ,Uf;Fk; nghUis ve;jnthU vjph;ghh;g;Gk; ,d;wp kw;wth;fSf;F thhp toq;FtjhFk;. ghz;bad; fUq;if xs;thl; ngUk;ngah; tOjp jd;id ehb tUk; ,utyh;fspd; kdf;fUj;ij Kff;Fwpg;ghy; mwpe;J mth;fspd; tWikiaj; jPh;j;J itf;Fk; rpwg;Gilatd; (Gwk;.3@24-25). Nrukhd; fLq;Nfh thopahjd; jdf;nfd;W nghUs;fisf; nfhs;shJ nfhil toq;Fk; cs;sk; gilj;jtd; (Gwk;.8@4). jd;id ghb tUk; ,utyh;fSf;F Fjpiu> ahid> Njh;> ehL> Ch;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw Fiwtpy;yhJf; nfhLf;Fk; ,ay;Gilatd; Ma; mz;bud; (Gwk;.240@1-3). gprpuhe;ijahh; ghLeh;> MLeh;> mwNthh;> jpwNthh;> kfsph;> ike;jh;> cah;e;Njhh; vd midtiuAk; Nghw;wp ghJfhj;jr; nra;jpfs; (Gwk;.221@1-5) midj;ijAk; GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;fs; njhptpf;fpd;wd. tpUe;Njhk;gy; tpUe;Njhk;gy; vd;gJ jd;id ehb tUk; GjpNahh;f;F cztspg;gjhFk;. murd; vd;Dk; Gutyd; jd;dplk; tUk; ,utyh;fSf;F czT> cil> ,Ug;gplk; je;J rpwg;gpj;Js;shd;. ,utyh;fspd; grpg;Nghf;Fk; ,th;fspd; rpwg;ig> “ ghz; ctg;gg; grp jPh;j;Njhd;” (Gwk;.239@17) “ ntspaJ cB,> vd;grp fise;NjhNd” (Gwk;.385@7) “ ,UkUe;J tpisf;Fk; ey;ehl;Lg; nghUed;” (Gwk;.70@10) vd;w mbfs; Rl;Lfpd;wd. ,t;tbfs; ek;gp neLQ;nropad; ghzh; kfpOk;gb mthpd; grpiag; Nghf;fpaijAk;> mk;gh;fpohd; mUte;ij> fy;yhldhhpd; grpj;Jd;gk; fise;jijAk;> fps;sp tstd; jz;zPh;> czT Mfpa ,U kUe;ijg; grpg;gpzpf;Fj; jUk; ey;y ehl;bidAilatd; vd;gijAk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. mjpakhdpd; Rw;wj;jhh; jq;fsplk; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ czT nfhLj;Jk;> ,y;yhj NghJ ,Ug;gijg; gfph;e;J> cld; cz;Zk; jd;ikAilath;fshf ,Ug;gij> “ cz;lhapd; gjk; nfhLj;J> ,y;yhapd; cld; cz;Zk;” (Gwk;.95@6-7) vd;Dk; mbfspy; xsitahh; ghbapUf;fpwhh;. rpw;W}hpy; thOk; jiytd; xUtd;> jd;dplk; cs;s czT kpff; Fiwe;j msT ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> mjpf vz;zpf;ifapyhd tpUe;jpdh; te;jik fz;L ftiyAwhky;> ,y;yhs; Nghy> ge;jypd; fPo; cztpid Kiwahf toq;Fk; ty;ytdhfj; jpfo;e;jhd; vd;gij> “ cs;sJ jtr;rpwpJ MapDk; kpfg;gyh; vd;dhs;> ePs;neLk; ge;jh; Cz;Kiw Cl;Lk; ,w;nghyp kf^cg; Nghy> rpw;rpy thpirapd; mspf;fTk; ty;yd;” (Gwk;.331@6-10) vd;W ciwA+h; KJ$j;jdhh; ghbAs;shh;. ,j;jiytDf;F “,w;nghyp kf^cg; Nghy” vd;Dk; ctikiag; Gyth; Rl;bAs;sJ jiytdpd; kidtpf;FhpajhFk;. kidahs; jd;dplk; ,Ue;j czTg; nghUl;fs; ,utyh;fSf;F toq;fpj; jPh;e;J tpl;likahy;> tpijg;gjw;F vdf; nfhz;l jpidia kidNahs; cuypd;fz; nga;J> rpwpJk; Gwj;Nj nry;yhky; czthf;fp toq;fpa rpwg;ig> “ Fuy; czq;F tpijj;jpid cuy; tha;g;nga;J rpwpJ Gwg;gl;ld;Nwh ,yNs” (Gwk;.333@12-13)


TdLm 127

vd;Dk; mbfs; njspTg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. mkpo;jj;ijr; Ritahy; ntd;W> kzk; epiwe;j jhspg;gpidAila cztpid tUk; tpUe;jpdh;f;F mstpy;yhJ mspj;J kfpOk; Fy kfsphpd; tho;f “ mkpo;J ml;L Mdhf; fko;Fa; mbrpy; tUeh;f;F tiuah tir ,y;tho;f;if” (Gwk;.10@7-8) vd;w mbfs; vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wd. ,ue;J tUgth;fSf;F ,y;iynad;W nrhy;yhj kidahspd; khz;ig> “Cz; xyp mutnkhL if J}thNs” (334@7) vd;w mb czh;j;JfpwJ. ,t;thW ghpRk;> czTk; ngw;w ,utyh;fs; nghOijAk; gz;izAk; kwe;jdh;. fhiyapy; ,irj;jw;Fhpa kUjg; gz;iz khiyapYk;> khiyapy; ,irj;jw;Fhpa nrt;topg; gz;iz fhiyapYk; khwpkhwpg; ghLfpd;wdh;. ,jid> “ khiy kUjk; gz;zp fhiy iftop kUq;fpd; nrt;top gz;zp tuT vkh; kiwe;jdh; - mJ eP GuTf; fld; G+z;l tz;ikahNd” (Gwk;.149@2-5) vd;w td;guzh; ghlyhy; mwpa ,ay;fpwJ. ,jdhy; Gutyh;fs; ,utyh;fspd; tWik jPug; nghUl;fis nfhLj;JjtpaJk;> tpUe;Njhk;gpa ghq;Fk; mwpag;gLfpd;wd. njhFg;Giu • mwk; ey;y nray;fspd; njhFjpahff; fhzg;gLtJ vd;gJ ngwg;gLfpwJ. • mwk; vdg;gLtJ cyfpy; thOk; caph;fs; midj;jpw;Fk; mbg;gilj; Njitfshd czT>

cil> ,Ug;gplk; Mfpatw;iw epiwT nra;tJ vd;gij ,yf;fpaq;fs; top mwpag;gLfpwJ. • murh;fs;> rpw;W}h; jiytd;> kidahs; MfpNahh; Gutyh;fshf ,Ue;Js;sij GwehD}w;Wg;

ghly;fs; njhptpj;Js;sd. • murh;fs; ,utyh;fspd; jFjpawpe;J> Kff;Fwpg;Gzh;e;J> jdf;nfd nghUs; nfhs;shJ

nfhil toq;fpAk;> tpUe;Njhk;gpAk; ,Ue;Js;sdh; vd;gJ ngwg;gLfpd;wd. • rpw;W}h;j; jiytd; tpUe;jpdh;fSf;F ,Uf;Fk; czit gfph;e;jspj;jr; rpwg;igAk;> mkpo;jk;

Nghd;w Ritahd cztpid tUk; tpUe;jpdh;fSf;F kfpo;e;jspf;Fk; kidahspd; jd;ikiaAk; gw;wp njhpe;J nfhs;s Kbe;jJ. ,jdhy; GwehD}w;wpd; topahf Gutyh;fspd; mwnewpg; gz;Gfs; mwpe;J nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.


TdLm 128

Mog;gjpe;j mwnewpfs;

gh.rk;gj;Fkhu;

Kidtu; gl;lMa;thsu;, jQ;irjkpo;g; gy;fiyf; fofk; vz;.18> %d;whtJnjU> ee;jptuk;> $LthQ;Nrup mQ;ry;> fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk;

rpe;jpj;J nrayhw;Wk; ty;yik nfhz;lJ kdpj ,dk;. fhy; Nghdg; Nghf;fpy; vy;yhk; ehNlhbfshfj; jpupe;jtu;fs;. jdpj;J ,aq;Fjiyf; fhl;bYk; FOthfkhwp xj;Jk;> cjtpAk; tho;jypd; typikiaAk;> kfpo;itAk; czu;e;Jf; nfhz;ldu;. r%fkhf thoj; njhlq;fpdhu;fs;. r%fj;jpw;F jd; gq;fspg;ig KOikahfj; jaf;fkpd;wp> tOthky; toq;fpdhu;fs;. ,jdpy; vt;tpjr; RaeyKk; fpilahJ. cs;Nehf;fkpy;yhkYk; kw;wtu;fSf;Fj; Jd;gk; mspf;fhkYk; tho;;e;j tho;f;ifj; juk;kpf;fJ. tho;tpaypd; mupa ,j;jifag;gz;GfNs> ehfuPfk; vdyhk;. kw;w capu;fisAk;> kdjpidAk; Jd;gg;gLj;jhj cau;e;j ehfuPfj;jpd; tpOkpaq;fNs> mwnewpf;$Wfshf ehk; ghu;f;fpNwhk;. tho;tpd; cd;djkhf tho;e;j gz;Gfs;> me;je;jf; fhyq;fspd; fz;zhbfshfj; jpfOfpd;wd. ,yf;fpaq;fs;> jq;fSf;Fs; ,jid thq;fpg;gjpj;J> mLj;j jiyKiwf;F vLj;Jr; nry;fpd;wd. jkpou;fspd; nrt;tpah; gz;Gfs;> jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; midj;jpYk; gjpj;Js;sijf; fhz;fpNwhk;. njhy;fhg;gpak; njhl;Ljw;fhyk; tiu ,yf;fpaq;fs; ntspg;gLj;Jk; mwnewpf; fUj;Jf;fs; Fwpj;j Ma;tpy;> gjpndd; fPo;fzf;F E}y;fspy; fgpyupd; “,d;dhehw;gJ” ghly;fspy; nghjpe;Js;s ‘mwf;fUj;Jf;fis tpsf;fKiwapy; Ma;tNj Nehf;fkhFk;. cz;ik czu;jy; ,yf;fpaq;fis mZFk; NghJNkk; Nghf;fhfg; ghu;f;fhky;> ,dpa jkpopd; Mo;e;j nghUspy; fhzg;gLk;> nrt;tpa kiwfUj;jpidg; gFj;Jzu;jy; Ntz;Lk;. Gwj;Nj vspikapy; fUj;JGyg;gbDk;> mfj;Nj fhZk; njspT mtrpak;. “cyFld; jpupjUk; gyu;Gfo; ey;ypir tha;nkhopf; fgpyd;” - (mfk; - 78) vd ef;fPuUk;> “ngha;ah ehtpw; fgpyd;” - (Gwk; - 174) vd khNwhf;fj;JriyahUk;> eg;gfgpyiug; gw;wpg; ghbapUg;gJ> mtu;jk; tha;ik ciuj;jiyAk;> kdj;J}a;ikNahL jplkha; vLj;Jiuf;Fk; jpwidAk; mwpe;J cl;GFjy; Ntz;Lk;. fl;likg;G “,d;dhehw;gJ” - flTs; tho;j;Jld; ehw;gj;njhU ntz;ghf;fisf; nfhz;lJ. xt;nthU ghlYk; ehd;F tupfisf; nfhz;Lk;> xt;nthUtupapYk; xUfUj;jpid ‘,d;dh’ vdTk; ,ak;GfpwJ. ‘$lhJ’ vd vjpu;kiwapy; mOe;jf; $WtjpypUe;J tho;f;ifapy; ‘jtpu;j;jy;’ vd;gjw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspf;fpwJ. Kfj;jpy; mbj;jhw;Nghy;> kdk; typf;f “nra;ahNj” vd mjpfhuj;NjhL nrhy;y Ntz;ba fLikahd nghUs;fis> ‘,dpikad;W’ jFjpad;W vd;Dk; fUj;jpidf; nfhz;L ‘,d;dh’ vd nkd;ikahfg; Gyg;gLj;jpapUg;gJ> vjpu;kiwia> Neu;kiwahff; ifahSk; je;jpukhFk;. gf;Ftkha; nkhopjypd; gz;Gk; Gyg;gLfpwJ. tho;tpy; Jd;gq;fisj; jtpu;j;Jtpl;lhy; kPjk; epiyg;gJ ,d;gNk. kf;fs; nghJthf ,d;gk; kl;LNk ngw;wpl tpiotu;. Mf Jd;gj;jpd; %yq;fisf; fz;lwpe;J> mitfs; njspglj;


TdLm 129

njhFj;J toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. nghJthf kiw nghUsha;f; fUj;Jf;fs; mjpfkpd;wp ,d;dhehw;gJ gbj;jTld; Gupjij;jUk; tifapy; vspikahfj; njhFf;fg;gl;Ls;s rq;ffhy ,yf;fpakhFk;. ,y;ywg;gw;W FLk;gj;jpdNuhL md;G nrYj;jpthOk; \,y;ywtho;f;if’vd;gJ gpd;dpg; gpize;J rpf;fyhf;fpf; nfhs;syhky;> gl;Lk; glhkYk; ,irNthL mwtop epd;W tho;jyhFk;. khw;Wg;ghu;itapy; mjPjgw;W nfhz;blhky;> mjpypUe;J tpLgl;L> mWj;J mNjhL ,ize;J tho;tJkhFk;. ,j;jifa mbg;gil tho;f;ifnewpia czuhjjhy; jhd;> vjpu;ghu;g;Gfs; mjpfupf;fpd;wd. epiwNtwhj epiyapy; Vkhw;wkhfpj; Jd;gj;ij jUfpwJ. “ ge;jkpy; yhjkidapd; tdg;gpd;dh je;ijapy; yhjGjy;tdopfpd;dh me;jzupy;ypUe; J}zpd;dhthq;fpd;dh ke;jpuk; thahtpbd;” - (,d;.eh.gh - 1) Rw;wkpy;yhj ,y;tho;f;ifapd; moFk;> je;ijapy;yhj kf;fs; moFk;> JwNthu; ,Uf;ftPl;bypUe;J cz;ZjYk;> ke;jpuq;fs; gadspf;fhtpl;lhYk; Jd;gkhFk; vdg; nghJthfg; nghUSiuf;fpwJ. ehk;> ekJ FLk;gj;J cwTfisnay;yhk; ek;Kila cwTfs; vdf; nfhz;L epiyahikia mofhdjha; vz;ZfpNWhk;. Mdhy; filepiytiu tUk; cwT vJ vd;gjpy; njsptpd;ikahy; Vw;gLk; gw;W> mjd; gpupthy; Jd;gj;ijNaj; jUk;. cjpj;j capu;fs; vq;fpUe;J gpupe;Jte;jNjh> mjNDhL kPz;Lk; ,izjNy ,ay;G. Mf ek;NkhLte;J ek;ikf; nfhz;L Nru;g;gNj cz;ikahd cwthFk;. nka;ahd topiaf; fhl;lf; $baje;ijNa topfhl;bahk;. je;ij vd;gjw;F FU vdg; nghUshfTk; nfhs;syhk;. tho;tpd; rupahd topiaf; fhl;Ljw;fhd Mrpupau; ,y;yhj khztd; tho;T mofpdjhapDk; Jd;gNk gaf;Fk;. ,Wjp ,yf;fpDf;F ek;NkhL cld;tu ,ayhwtPl;Lj; JwNthu; cld; czT cz;L nfhz;L ,Ue;Jk; newpfs; gpod;W elf;Fk; NghJ nrg;gpLk; thu;j;ijfs; gadspf;fhJ Jd;gNk ey;Fk; vd;Wk; nghUs; nfhs;syhk;. Njhoik nfhz;lhLjy; cs;sr; nropg;Gf;Fk;> kdpjkhz;gpw;Fk; khe;ju;fs;> khag;gw;WfspypUe;J tpLgl;L> el;Gf; nfhs;s Ntz;bag; nghUz;ikfisf; fz;L> mNjhL Njhoikf; nfhz;bly; ed;whFk;. “ cz;zhJitf;Fk; ngUk;nghUs; itg;gpd;dh ez;zhg; giftu; Gzu;r;rpedpapd;dh fz;zpnyhUtd; tdg;gpd;dhthq;fpd;dh vz;zpyhd; nra;Aq; fzf;F” - (,d;.eh.gh.-16) mz;lg; ngUntspaha;> ePf;fkw epiwe;jpUf;Fk; nka;g;nghUis> fpilj;jw;fupag; Gijaiy czu;e;Jnfhs;shJ ,Uj;jy;> ,dpJ ,y;iy. epahaj;jpw;F vjpuhditfNshL cs;sk; nghUe;jhj giffNshL nfhs;Sk; Njhoik> kpfTk; ,dpjd;W. jdf;Fs; Nehf;fp jd;idNa mwpAk; mff;fz; ghu;it nfhs;shjtu;> Gwf;fz;fshy; mofpidf; fz;lhYk; thoyhk; vd;W vz;Zgtd; fzf;F ,dpjhfhJ gpioahFk; vd;Dk; tho;tpd; mbehjj;ij eakhf tpsf;Ffpwhu; fgpyu;;. kaf;fk; njspjy; ngupahNuhbahj;jnjhlu;tpLjypd;dh mupaitnra;JnkdTiuj;jypd;dh - (,d;.eh.gh - 26) Qhdk; czu;e;j rhd;Nwhu;fisj; Njbg;Ngha;> tOthJ ele;jply; Ntz;Lk;. jtpu;j;J ngupahupd; njhlu;gpid tpLtJ Jd;gj;ijNa mspf;Fk;. jdJ epiyapidg; gFj;JzuhJ> nra;a ,ayhj nraw;fupa nray;fis nra;J Kbg;Ngd; vdr; nrayhy; ntspg;gLj;jhky;> nrhy;Yjy; kl;Lk; ,dpajd;W vd midtUk; jd;id Ra Ma;T nra;Jf; nfhs;sNtz;Lk; vd fgpyh; newpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s typAWj;Jfpwhh;.


TdLm 130

“ fs;Sz;ghd; $Wq; fUkg; nghUspd;dh Ks;Silf; fhl;bdlj;jddpapd;dh….” – (,d;. eh. gh– 33) ‘fs;Sz;ghd; vd;gjw;F ‘fs; cz;gtd;’ vdf; nfhs;shJ> kaf;fk; Ntz;ba mtdpd; Nehf;fkha;> Ie;J Gyd;fspd; <h;g;gpd; kaf;fj;jpdhy;>nka;ia czuhJ Gwj;J rpw;wpd;gq;fSf;Fr; nra;Ak; nray;fspd; gadhfpa tpisT Jd;gj;ijj;jhd; toq;Fk;. ,j;jifa Nghf;F> Kl;fs; #o;e;j fhl;bdpy; ele;JNghtJ kpfTk; Jd;gj;ijj; juf;$bajw;F xg;ghFk;. jdf;Fj;jhNd tutioj;Jf; nfhz;l nray; tpisTfshFk; vdr; rhLfpwhh; fgpyh;. ghijiaj; NjL kdpjdpd; mwpTj; Njly; mtrpakhdJ. xd;iwf; fz;Ltpbd; mg;gbNa epd;W Ritj;Jf; nfhz;by;yhky;> mjdpDk; Nkyhd cz;ikiaj; NjbLk; Kaw;rp Kf;fpak;. cah;epiy cz;ikg; nghUis> KOikaha; czu Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; ,yf;fpid milAk;tiu Muha;r;rp ePz;L nfhz;Nl ,Uj;jy; mtrpak;. “……… JiwawpahdPupope;JNghFjypd;dh…” (,d;.eh.gh-37) nrd;W Nru Ntz;baf; fiug;gf;fj;ij mwpe;J nfhs;shky; ePhpy; ,wq;fpr; nry;Yjy; khngUk; Jd;gj;ijNa mspf;Fk;. “ mlf;fKilatd; kPspikapd;dh Jlf;fkpyhjtd; ww;nrUf; fpd;dh milf;fyk; tt;Tjypd;dhthq; fpd;dh mlf;ftlq;fhjhu; nrhy;.” – (,d;.eh.gh.40) Ik;nghwpfisAk; mlf;fp MSk; jpwd; nfhz;l cah;e;Njhuhf ,Ue;jhYk;> mth;fs; nfhs;Sk; ngUkpjKk;> Kaw;rpNa ,y;yhjtd; nfhs;Sk; jw;ngUikAk;> ek;gpf;ifNahL jk;kplk; milf;fykhf xg;gilj;jg; nghUisf; fth;e;J nfhs;SjYk;> mwptpy; rpwe;Njhu>; Vw;Fk; jpwdpy;yhjtUf;Fr; nrhy;Yk; nrhy; $l ,dpajd;W vd;Nw tho;tpaypd; Ez;zpa gz;Gfis> fgpyu; vLj;Jiuf;fpwhh;. KbTiu cyfpd; r%f cau; tpyq;fpdkhdJ kdpj ,dk;> r%ff; fl;likg;ig tYg;gLj;jjhd; kw;wth;f;F cjtpAk;> kw;wtu;fspd; cjtpiaj; jhd; ngw;Wk; njhlq;fpaJ jhd; cwTKiw. Raeykpy;yhJ midtUf;Fk; nghJthdjhfTk;> vr;#o;epiyapYk; kw;NwhUf;Fj;> Jd;gk; Vw;gLj;jhj epiyapYk; nray;ghLfs; ,Ue;jd. ehfhPfj;jpd; cah;thfj; jpfo;e;jkhDlj;jpy;> ‘Raeyk;’ fyg;G Vw;gl;l gpd;jhd;> newpKiwfspypUe;J tpyfp> Gwg;gw;Wfspd; mjpfkhd ce;JjyhYk;> NguhirapdhYk; ‘mwk;’ gpod;W Nghfj; njhlq;fpaJ vdyhk;. gz;ilaj; jkpoh;fspd; tho;tpy; rhjhuz> ,ay;ghd> jd;ikfspNyNa xOf;ff;Nfhl;ghLfs; kpspu;e;jpUe;jd. ,yf;fpaq;fSk; xspu;e;jg; gz;Gfisg; gpujpgypj;jd. gpw;fhy tho;tpy; %jhijau;fs; fz;l tho;tpay; tpOkpaq;fisg; gpd;gw;Wjypy; FiwghLfs; Vw;gl;ld. ,jdhy; mwnewpfisj; jpUk;g vLj;Jr; nrhy;y Ntz;ba fl;lhak; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. rl;lq;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;L newpg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; jtWfs; kpFjpahfpf; nfhz;Nl tUfpwJ. ,e;epiy khwpl Ntz;Lnkdpy; jdpkdpj xOf;fk; ,d;wpaikahjJ. capupd; Njhw;wKk;> KbTk; gw;wpa mwpTepiyapy; njsptpd;ikNa> rpf;fYf;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. Gw ,d;gq;fspd; rpw;wpd;gq;fis fle;J> Nghpd;gg; ngUntspapy; ,iza> %yg;nghUisj; jtpu ,ilg;nghUl;fs; Ntz;lhk;vd;gijczh;e;jhNy‘mwnewpfs;’jhdhf ,ioe;Jg; NghFk;. Kjd;ik E}y; rq;f ,yf;fpak; %yKk; ciuAk;> njhFjp-5> gjpndd; fPo;fzf;F E}y;fs;> njhFg;ghrphpau;: v];.nfskhhP];tup> rhujhgjpg;gfk;> nrd;id– 14> Kjw;gjpg;G– Mf];L 2012.


TdLm 131

gjpw;Wg;gj;J fgpyH ghlypy; tho;tpay; newp

jpUkjp. g.rpj;uhNjtp cjtpg; Nguhrpupia KJfiy (k) jkpoha;Tj;Jiw rz;Kfh njhopw;rhiy fiy mwptpay; fy;Y}up

jpUtz;zhkiy

Kd;Diu nre;jkpo; nkhopapd; jPQ;Ritapid ,dpJ tpsf;Fk; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; xd;whfj; jpfOk; gjpw;Wg;gj;J xU njhif E}yhFk;. Mapuj;njz;Z}W Mz;LfSf;F Kd; Nruehl;il Ml;rp Gupe;j Nrukd;dH gjpd;kiuAk; GytH gjpd;kH gj;Jg;gj;jhf ghba ghly;fspd; njhFjp E}Ny gjpw;Wg;gj;J MFk;. ,j;njhif E}ypYs;s vy;yhg;ghly;fSk; Nru Nte;jHfspd; fy;tpj;jpwk;> kdj;jpd;ik> Gfo; Nehf;F> <ifj;jpwk;> FbNahk;gy; Kiw Mfpatw;iw tpsf;FfpwJ. ,Ugj;J Ie;J Mz;Lfs; Ml;rp nra;j nry;tf;fLq;Nfh thopahjid tho;j;jpg; ghbAs;shH fgpyH. gjpw;Wg;gj;jpy; Vohk; gj;J ghba fgpyH ghly;fspy; cs;s tho;tpay;newpiaf; fhz;gNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. fgpyupd; gz;gl;l Fzeyd;fs; rq;fj;njhif E}y;fspw; fhzg;gLk; rhd;NwhHfSs; rhd;NwhH guTk; rhy;G kpf;ftUs; fgpyH rpwe;jtuhthH. ,tH gjpw;Wg;gj;jpy; Vohk; gj;jpy; nry;tf;fLq;Nfh thopahjidr; rpwg;gpj;Jg; ghbAs;shH. ahNd guprpyd; vd;Dk; me;jzd; vdj;jhNk jk;ik me;jzndd;W $wpf;nfhs;fpwhH. ,tH me;jzupy; jiyaha me;jzund tpiotH. ,tH gwk;G ehl;L thjt+upy; gpwe;jtH. thjt+H fy;ntl;Lf;fNs ,jid “njd; gwk;G ehl;Lj; jpUthjt+H" vd;W Fwpf;fpd;wd. fgpyupd; el;GzHT njd; gwk;Gehl;Lj; jpUthjt+Uf;F Nte;jdhd Nts; ghupf;Ff; fgpyH capHj;JiztuhtH. mtd; ,we;j gpd; mtd; kfspiuf; fgpyH jd; kf;fshff; nfhz;L nrd;W jpUf;NfhtpY}upy; kiyakhd; kf;fSf;F kzk; Guptpj;j nra;jp cyfwpe;jitahFk;. fgpyH nry;tf;fLq;Nfhitg; Gfo;e;J ghLk;NghJ thHj;ijf;F thHj;ij ghupts;siyg; Gfo;e;J ghbAs;shH. mtH ghupapd; kPJ nfhz;l md;Gk;> el;GzHTk;> ghupapd; nfhilj;jd;ikAk;> ghupapd; rpwe;j Fzeyd;fSk;> ghupapd; ntw;wpr;rpwg;GfSk;> ghupapd; ehL Nghd;w gy rpwg;Gfisj; jdJ ghly;fspy; ghbAs;shH. fgpyH ghupapd; ehl;L tsj;ij> gyhg;goKk; kuj;jpNy Kw;wpg; gOj;Jf; fdpfpwNghJ> ntl;Lg;gl;lJ Nghy; mJ ntbf;Fk; mjd; Risfspy; ,Ue;J Njd; tbAk;> thilf;fhw;W mjd; kzj;ij ntF njhiyT mbj;Jf;nfhz;L nry;Yk; tsj;ij cilaJ ghupts;sypd; gwk;G kiyapUf;Fk; ehL vd;W ghLfpwhH. “gyh mk; gOj;j gRk; Gz; mupay; thil J}f;Fk; ehL nfO ntUtpwy;" (gjpw;Wg;gj;J - Vohk;gj;J>;) fgpyupd; jd;khd Fzk; nry;tf;fLq;Nfhit jdJ ghly;fspy; tho;j;jpg;ghLk; fgpyH jdJ ez;gdhd ghup ts;siyg; gw;wpAk; rpwg;gpj;Jg; ghb Nruid tho;j;JfpwhH. ntw;wpg;ngUikfshy; ehL Nghw;Wk; jiytDk;> rpj;jpu Ntiyg;ghlike;j mofpa khspifAs; cs;s nghw;ghit Nghd;w mofpahspd; fztDk;> nghd;dpwg; g+Tk;> rpwpa ,iyfSk;> nkypjhd mbkuKk; nfhz;l


TdLm 132

cd;d kuj;jpd; giftDkhd vk; jiytd;> g+rpa re;jd thrk; ePq;fhj nfhilf;Fzk;> tw;whj gue;j khHgpidAk; nfhz;ltdhd ngUts;sy; ghup. mtidg; ghb tUk; ghzH ,irf;Fk; kj;jsj;jpd; khHr;rpid kz;fha> ,utyH kdk; tUe;jp thlj; jpUk;gp> tu ,ayhj thDyfk; Ngha;r;NrHe;J tpl;lhd;. vdNt ehd; cd;idj; Njb vdf;F VNjDk; je;JjTf vdf; Nfl;f tutpy;iy. cdf;F ,y;yhj Gfio ,Ug;gjhff; $wp caHj;jpg;ghlTk; khl;Nld; ehd; vd;W ghLk; tupfs;> “Xtj;J md;d tpid Gid ey; ,y; ghit md;d ey;Nyhs; fztd; nghd;dpd; md;d g+tpd;> rpwpapiy Gd;fhy;> cd;dj;Jg; giftd;> vk;Nfh GyHe;j rhe;jpd;> Gyuh <if kyHe;j khHgpd;> kh tz; ghup KoT kz; Gyu> ,utyH ,ida thuhr; Nrz; Gyk; glHe;Njhd;> mspf;f vd ,uf;F thNud;> vQ;rpf; $Nwd;" (gjpw;Wg;gj;J - Vohk;gj;J) ghupapd; nfhilr;rpwg;ig fgpyH ghLk; moF ghup jd;idj;Njb tUk; ,utyHfSf;F nghUs;fisj; je;J kfpo;thNd jtpu> ,t;tsT nghUis ,tUf;F je;J tpl;NlhNk vd;W nfhLj;jij vz;zp tUj;jk; nfhs;skhl;lhd;. nfhLf;ff; nfhLf;f mg;gb nfhLj;jij vz;zp jw;ngUik nfhs;sTk; khl;lhd;. ,d;Dk; mjpfkhff; nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gijNa tpUk;Gthd; vdg; ghupapd; Gfiof; $Wk; tupfs;> “<j;jJ ,uq;fhd;@ <j;njhWk; kfpohd; <j;njhWk; kh ts;spad;" (gjpw;Wg;gj;J - Vohk;gj;J) nry;tf;fLq;Nfhtpd; nfhilr;rpwg;igg; ghLk; moF jdJ ez;gdhd ghupiag; ghba fgpyH> mLj;jjhf Nrudpd; nfhilr;rpwg;ig ghLk; tpjk; Nghw;WjYf;Fupa xd;whFk;. jdJ ghlypy; Nruidg; ghLk; tupfs;> mwTiuf; $Wk; ehTk;> Nghw;WjYf;Fupa Ntjk; XJjiyAk;> Nts;tpfs; nra;jiyAk;> fldhff; nfhz;L tpsq;Fk; NkNyhHfs;> mzpfyd;fisr; NrudplkpUe;J nfhilahfg; ngw;Wr; nry;fpd;wdH. ,t;thW jhdk; nfhLf;Fk;NghJ ePiu mtHfs; ifapy; thHj;J gpwF nghUisf; nfhLg;ghd;. mt;thW me;ePH gl;L muz;kid Kw;wnky;yhk; gbe;J Nrwhf;Fk;. mt;thW me;jzHfSf;F nghUis thup toq;Fk; NghJ nry;tf;fLq;Nfh muz;kidf;F ntspapy; ,Uf;Fk; $j;jH> ghzHfSf;F fj;jupf;fg;gl;l gplup kapUila FjpiufisAk;> NjHfisAk; mtw;wpw;F mba mzpfisg; g+l;b mtHfSf;Fg; guprhf nfhLg;gPuhf vd;W MizapLthdhk;. “GwQ;rpiw tapupaHf; fhzpd; ty;Ny v/F gil mWj;j nfha; Rty; Gutp> myq;Fk; ghz;by;> ,io mzpe;J <k;" (gjpw;Wg;gj;J - Vohk;gj;J) vd> NkYk; tupaHfSf;F njspe;j flypy; fpilj;j Kj;Jf;fSk;> ey;y mzpfyd;fSk; nfhLg;ghd; vd;gij> “njd;fly; Kj;njhL ed; fyk; ngWFit" (gjpw;Wg;gj;J-Vohk;gj;J) vd;w ghly; tupfs; czHj;JfpwJ. NkYk; mofpa nea;jy; kyiug; Nghyg; nghypthfj; Njhd;Wk; eP> kio Nkfj;ijf; fhl;bYk; Nkyhf mUis nts;skhfg; nghopfpwha;. vk;ktHgLk; grpj;Jd;gk; Nghf;fpa Nkyhd GfOf;FupatNd vd tho;j;jpg; ghLfpwhH. “ik gL kyHf;fop kyHe;j nea;jy; ,jo; tdg;G cw;w Njhw;wnkhL caHe;j kioapDk; ngUk; gak; nghopjp" (gjpw;Wg;gj;J - Vohk;gj;J) fgpyH nry;tf;fLq;Nfhtpd; NghHr;rpwg;igg; ghLjy; fOj;Jkzp nghd;dup khiy> Kfglhk; Kjyhd mzpfydfs; mzpag;ngw;W> mzptFj;J epw;Fk; ahidf; $l;lq;fNshL> Gay; NkfNkh vdf; fz;ltH kaq;Fk; Nflaq;fs; Ve;jpa


TdLm 133

fhyl;gilfNshLk;> thNse;jp tupirahf epw;Fk; tPuH mzptFg;igg; gpse;Jnfhz;L nry;Yk;> moFwf; fj;jupf;fg;gl;l gplupkapupid cila Fjpiug; gilfNshLk;> kpf caHe;J typikNahL tpsq;Fk; kjpiyr; Rw;wptisj;Jj; jq;fpa epd; Nridg; gilfs; giftH ehl;il jPapl;Lf; nfhSj;j vOe;j neUg;Gg; nghwpfs; vq;Fk; gutpg; gy #upad;fs; gpufhrpg;gijg; Nghd;w xU Njhw;wj;ij cz;lhf;Fk;. gy #upad;fs; Njhd;wpy;> njupAk; Ngnuhspiag; ngw;wtd; Nghy; tpsq;Fk; NghHj;njhopy; ty;yik ngw;w ntw;wp Nte;Nj! vdg;ghLfpwhH. “,io mzpe;J vOjUk; gy; fspw;Wj; njhOjpnahL kio vd kUSk; kh ,Qk; gy; Njhy;> v/F gil mWj;j nfha; Rty; GutpnahL ike;Jil MH vapy; Gilgl tis," (gjpw;Wg;gj;J - Vohk;gj;J) NkYk; ,bNghy; NghH KuR Koq;fr; #Siuj;Jj; jhf;ftUk; NtYila tPuH giltupiria mopj;Jg; Gwq;fhl;b Xlr;nra;J tpul;Lk; NghH ty;yik ngw;wtd; vdg;ghLfpwhH. “,b,ir KurnkhL xd;W nkhope;J> xd;dhH --------------------------------------------------------------- nfhd;W Gwk; ngw;w….." (gjpw;Wg;gj;J - Vohk;gj;J) ahidiar; nrYj;jpa fhy;fs;> Fjpiufis tpiue;Njhlr; nra;Ak; Fjpfhy;fs;> giftUld; Nghupl;L ntd;w Nty; gilfs;> Fz;Lf;fy;iy tUe;jr; nra;j Njhs; tPuHfs;> ntw;wpg;Gfo; nfhz;Lte;J NrHj;j tpy; tPuHfs; JizNahL nfhz;L ntw;wpr;rpwg;igf; nfhz;ltd; vdr; nry;tf;fLq;Nfhtpd; gilr;rpwg;igg; ghLfpwhH. “fspW fil ,a jhs; kh clw;Ua tbk;G rkk; j;ije;j Nty; fy; miyj;j Njhs; tpy; miyj;j ey; tyj;J" (gjpw;Wg;gj;J - Vohk;gj;J) NrudJ NghHg;gilfs; giltPuHfs; NghUf;F Maj;jkhfg; gilf;fyq;fisj; NjHe;njLf;fTk;> ntw;wpf;nfhbfs; mire;jhl xsptPrpj; jpfOk; CJ nfhk;Gfs; vf;fhskpl> tyk;Gupr; rq;Ffs; xyp Koq;f ahidg;gilfs; ahTk;> mit fl;lg;gl;bUe;j ,lj;ij tpl;Lg; ngaHe;J> NghHf;fsk; Nehf;fpg; Gwg;glyhapd vdg; ghLfpwhH. “nfhy; gil njupa> nty; nfhb Elq;f> taq;F fjpH tapnuhL tyk;Gup MHg;g> gy;fspw;W ,d epiu Gyk; ngaHe;J ,ay;tu" (gjpw;Wg;gj;J - Vohk;gj;J) tPuHfspd; tpOg;Gz;iz ctikahfg; ghLk; rpwg;G NrudJ giltPuHfs; NghH nra;Ak;NghJ Vw;gl;l tha; Kfj;jOk;Gfis khz;tup (khl;rpikg;gl;lNfhL) vd;W ghLk; GytH> tPuHfs; khHgpy; giftH gilfs; jhf;fpajhy; ngw;w tpOg;Gz;fis ,iwr;rpia ntl;LNthH ,iwr;rpia ntl;Lk;NghJ xU fl;il my;yJ kuj;Jz;L kid VjhtJ xd;wpy; itj;Nj ntl;LtH. mg;gb ntl;Lk;NghJ ,iwr;rpapy; gLk; ntl;L me;j kiz kPJk; gl;Lg; gy ntl;Lf;fhaq;fis cz;lhf;fpapUf;Fk;. ,e;jf; fha;g;Gfis tPuH khHgpy; gl;l tpOg;Gz;fSf;F ctikahf;fpa caHT> tPuH NghH kwj;Jf;Fg; g+l;ba Gfo;khiy MFk;. nry;tf;fLq;Nfhtpd; kjpy; mikg;G nts;sk; Nghy ePH epiwe;jpUf;Fk; mfopAk;> kiyNghy; caHe;jpUf;Fk; kjpy; RtUk; vdg;ghLfpwhH. “Gdy; nghU fplq;fpd;> tiuNghy; ,Q;rp" (gjpw;Wg;gj;J - Vohk;gj;J) fhw;why; vOk; miyfs; Koq;Fk; flNy vy;iyahf nfhz;ltd; thopahjd; vd;gjid> “fhy;jpiu vLj;j Koq;F Fuy; Ntyp" (gjpw;Wg;gj;J - Vohk;gj;J) Nrhod;> ghz;baid nty;gtd; nry;tf;fLq;Nfh fgpyH nry;tf;fLq;Nfhtpd; tPuj;ij> kiyf;Fd;WfisAk; jhf;fpj; jfHf;Fk; ty;yik nfhz;ltd;. ,b Nghyr; rPwpg;gha;e;J> xNu Kw;Wifapy; kd;dHfs; ,Utiu GwKJfpl;L


TdLm 134

Xlr;nra;Ak; Mw;wy; ngw;wtd;. NkYk; xspkpf;f thSk;> Nguhw;wy; kpf;f gilfsKk; nfhz;l ntw;wpahsd; vdg; ghLfpwhH. “Fd;W epiy jsHf;Fk; cUkPd; rPwp xU Kw;W ,UtH Xl;ba xs;ths; nrU kpF jhid nty; NghNuhNa" (gjpw;Wg;gj;J - Vohk;gj;J) nry;tf;fLq;Nfhtpd; ntw;wp vjpupehl;L giltPuHfSld; Nghupl;L ntw;wp ngw;wTld; NrudJ kzk; tPRk; nfhd;iwg; g+q;nfhj;Jf;fSld; ntz;zpwg; gdq;FUj;ijAk; itj;Jf;fl;ba khiyfNshL ntw;wpiaf; nfhz;lhLtH. “ehW ,zHf; nfhd;iw ntz; Ngho;f; fz;zpaH ths; Kfk; nghwpj;j khz;tup ahf;ifaH" (gjpw;Wg;gj;J - Vohk;gj;J) nry;tf;fLq;Nfh nrhd;d nrhy; jtwhjtd; fgpyH ,k;kd;did ,e;j cyfNk jiyfPohf khwpdhYk;> eP nrhd;d nrhy; jtWjy; ,y;yhj tha;ikahsdhtha; vd tho;j;jpg;ghLfpwhH. “epyk; jpwk; ngaUk; fhiy MapDk; fpse;j nrhy; eP ngha;g;G mwpaiyNa" (gjpw;Wg;gj;J - Vohk;gj;J) nry;tf;fLq;Nfhtpd; ehl;L tsk; fgpyupd; Nruehl;il nky;ypa thif kyiug; Nghd;w g+f;fs; epiwe;j Ky;iyg; Gjiu nkha;j;Jf; fplf;Fk; tz;Lfs;> fhl;by; cs;s gplhkuj;jpy; cs;s khiy Nghd;w g+q;nfhj;Jf;fspy; nrd;W jq;Fk;. ,g;gbg;gl;l fhl;LtsKk;> caHe;j ntz;gspq;Ff; fw;fSk;> rpte;j epwKila rpW $ohq;fw;fSk; epiwe;j Nkl;L epyq;fspy;> ,uj;jpdf; fw;fSk; fhzf;fpilf;Fk; tpupe;J gue;j nry;t tsKk; kpf;f ehl;Lf;F cupa thopahjidg; ghuhl;LfpwhH. “g+j;j Ky;iyg; Gjy; #o; gwit flj;jpilg; gpltpd; njhilf;Fiyr; Nrf;Fk; thd; gspq;F tpiu,a> nrk; guy; Kuk;gpd; ,yq;F fjpHj; jpU kzp ngW}ck; mfd; fz; itg;gpd; ehL fpoNthNd" (gjpw;Wg;gj;J - Vohk;gj;J) NkYk; NrudJ ehl;by; kyHe;j fhe;js; kyupd; NjDz;z te;j tz;L> mk;kyH flTSf;F cfe;jJ vd;gjhy;> NjDz;l gpwFk; mijtpl;Lg; gwe;J nry;yhJ tpiue;J gwf;Fk; jd; ,ay;igNa ,oe;J epw;Fk; rpwg;Gila Neupkiy ehl;Lf;Fupatd; nry;tr; nropg;Gilatd;. “kyHe;j fhe;js; khwhJ Cjpa fLk; giwj;Jk;gp #H eirj;jh ma;> giw gz; mopAk; ghL rhy; neL tiuf; fy; caH Neupg; nghUed; nry;tf; Nfhkhd; ghbid nrypNd" (gjpw;Wg;gj;J - Vohk;gj;J) mUtp Mk;gy; Nghy; tho;f fgpyH Mk;gy; vd;w kyiu xg;gpl;Lg; ghLfpwhH. ,jpy; Mk;gy; vd;gJ my;yp kyiuf; Fwpg;gJ. vdNt ,iyfs; ,y;yhj Mk;gy; vd;whH. ,J kyH ,y;iy vz;zpf;if Fwpj;jJ MFk;. mUtp Mk;gy; vd;gjpy; tp - FWfp epd;wJ> tP mU Mk;gy; vd tUk;. tP - g+. mU - ,y;yhj> (,iyjio ,y;yhj) mUtpapy; kyuhj Mk;gy; vd Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. ,J nts;sk; vDk; Ngusitf; Fwpf;Fk;. fgpyH ngUkhDf;F kyHfs; Nky; cs;s <Hg;G> FwpQ;rpg;ghl;by; njhz;Z}w;W xd;gJ kyHfis mLf;fpaJ Nghy ,q;Fk; vz;zpf;if msitf; nfhz;L tho;j;Jtjw;fhf kyupd; ngaiuNa itj;Js;shH. NkYk; Nru kd;dNd> nry;tf;fLq;Nfh thopahjNd! eP gy;yhz;L gy Nfhb Mapuk; fhyk;> Cop cs;ssTk; tho;thahf vd kfpo;Tld; tho;j;JfpwhH fgpyH. “mil mLg;G mwpah mUtp Mk;gy; Mapu nts;s Cop thop> Mj! thopa gyNt!"


TdLm 135

KbTiu gjpw;Wg;gj;jpy; Vohk;gj;J ghbajw;fhf kdk; kfpo;e;J ,Ugj;J Ie;J Mz;Lfs; Ml;rpf; fl;bypy; mkHe;jpUe;j nry;tf;fLq;Nfh thopahjd; fgpyupd; ,e;jg; ghlYf;Fg; guprhf E}whapuk; nghw;fhRfisj; je;jNjhL kl;Lky;yhky;> ed;wh vd;Dk; Fd;wpd; cr;rpf;Ff; fgpyiu mioj;Jr; nrd;W fz;Zf;nfl;ba J}uk;tiu cs;s CHfis guprhff; nfhLj;jhndd;why; mJ fgpyupd; rpwg;G kpFe;j ftpj;jpwj;jpw;F nfhLf;fg;gl;l epiyahd kFlk; vd;why; mJ kpifahfhJ. JizE}y; gl;bay; gupkzk;.m.kh.> (c.M) (2003) gjpw;Wg;gj;J> NfhtpY}H klhyak;> NfhtpY}H 307.


TdLm 136

Mrhuf; Nfhit fhl;Lk; mwnewpf; $Wfs;;

Nguh.f.eP.,sq;Nfhtd;

cjtpg; Nguhrphpah;> jkpo;j;Jiw Nfhgp fiy mwptpay; fy;Y}hp> Nfhgpnrl;bghisak;

Kd;Diu jkpopy; vOe;Js;s E}y;fs; midj;Jk; jd;dfj;Nj mwnewpf; $Wfisf; nfhz;lit MFk;. rq;f fhy kf;fs; Njwy;; gUfpg; Gyhy; cz;L kfpo;e;jpUe;j NghJk; newpKiw tho;it iftpltpy;iy. ,d;gtho;it tho;e;j NghJk; kWik tho;Tf;Fj; Njitahd mwnewpfisg; gpd;gw;wpdh; vd;gjw;F rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; rhd;Wfs; tputpf; fplf;fpd;wd. rkzk; rkzk; vd;why; Jwtpfs; vd;W nghUs;. JwT tho;it typAWj;jpf; $wp tPL NgW typAWj;jg; ngw;wJ. rkz rkaf; flTs; mUfNjtd;. vdNt ,k;kjj;jpw;F mUfkjk; vd;w ngaUz;L. rkz rkaf; fUj;Jf;fis cyfpy; gutr; nra;Ak; gzpiar; nra;jth;fs; ‘jPh;j;jq;fufs;’ vd miof;fg;gl;ldh;.mt;thW miof;fg;gl;lth;fs; ,Ugj;jp ehd;F Ngh; vdTk;> mth;fs; ePz;l fhyk; tho;e;jjhf $wg;gLfpwJ. ,th;fs; tho;f;ifia ,y;ywk;> Jwtwk; vd ,U $Wfshfg; gphpj;Js;sdh;. ,y;ywk;> Jwtwk; vd;gij KiwNa rhtJ jh;kk;> ajpjh;kk; vdf; $Wth;. rhtf jh;kk; vd;gJ kidtp> kf;fs; Rw;wj;jhUld; xOFtJ ajpjh;kk; vd;gJ cyifj; Jwj;J tPL Ngw;wpw;fhfr; nra;Ak; jtj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,jid typAWj;jpf; $Wk; Mrhuf; Nfhitapd; Mrphpah; ngUthapd; Ks;spahh; ,y;ywk; gw;wpg; ngUk;ghYk; NgrpdhYk; Jwtwj;ijAk; typAWj;Jfpwhh;. mwk; mwk; vDk; nrhy;ypw;F> mwf;flTs; mWg;gJ> ,jk;> xOf;fk;> Jd;gq;fis mWg;Gj newp> Gz;zpak; vdg; gy nghUl;fisf; jUfpwJ jkpofuhjp. xUtd; jdf;nfd tiuaWj;Jf; nfhz;lJ kl;Lkpd;wp> mt;tg;NghJ Vw;gLk; kdkhw;wq;fs;> rka r%f mikg;Gfs; tFj;Jf; nfhLj;jit vd midj;Jk; mwk; vdg;gl;lJ. RUq;ff; $wpd; mwk; vd;gJ epiyj;j nghUis cilaJ vdf; $wpDk; mJ khw;wj;jpw;F cl;gl;lJ vdyhk;. xOf;fj;jpd; Nkd;ik xOf;fk; vd;gJ xU ePjp> gz;G> r%fk; fyhr;rhuk; vd;w kuG epiyahFk;. kf;fl; r%fk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy; thOk; tho;f;ifahFk;. ,t;nthOf;f thof;if vd;gJ jw;Nghija #oYf;F Vw;gilajh vd;gJ Iaj;jpw;FhpaJ. Vnddpd; kf;fl; r%fk; vg;nghOJk; xNu kwjpahd vz;zk; nfhz;ljhf mikatpy;iy. mJ jdpkdpjdpd; tpUg;G> ntWg;G mbg;gilapy; mikfpwJ. vdpDk; xOf;fj;ijf; iff;nfhz;ltiu ,t;Tyfk; Nghw;Wk;> ,y;yhjtUf;Fg; gopte;J NrUk; vd;gij> ‘xOf;fj;jpd; va;Jtu; Nkd;ik ,Of;fj;jpd; va;Jth; va;jhg; gop’ vdj; jpUts;Sth; $Wfpwhh;. NkYk; xOf;fj;ij cilath; milAk; cWjpfshf> gpwg;G neLtho;f;if nry;tk;> tdg;G epyf;fpoik kPf;$w;W> fy;tp Neapd;ikDq; ,yf;fzj;jh ypt;ntl;L nka;Jg ntd;Wk; xOf;fk; gpioah jth;” vd Mrhuf; Nfhit $WfpwJ. mjhtJ xOf;fe; jtwhJ tho;gth;fs; ,t;vl;L tifiaAk; milth; vd;fpwJ.


TdLm 137

cz;Zk; Kiw thOk; caph;fSf;F czT Kf;fpakhdJ. cyf caph;fs; cztpd;wp epiyf;fhJ. capUf;F Mf;fr; nra;Ak; cztpid cz;gjw;F Kd; gz;ghl;L newpfisf; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. vijAk;> vg;gTk; cz;zyhk; vd;w vz;zq; nfhs;sf; $lhJ. cztpid Kiwg;gb mkh;e;J cz;z Ntz;Lk;. ,iy NghLk; ,lj;ij nkO ,iyapl;L> fpof;F Kfkha; mkh;e;J cz;z Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW cz;gjw;F Kd; czitg; gpw caph;fSf;F ,l;L cz;z Ntz;Lk; vd;gij> ‘Nghrdk; nrAkplk; jpUnkOf; fpl;Lg; nghUe;jpa fpof;F Kfkha;g; nghw;gha; ,Ue;jpl;l mbrpd; Nky; cjfk;” vd mz;zhkiy rjfk; $WfpwJ. NkYk;> cz;Zq;fh Ndhf;Fj; jpir fpof;Ff; fz;zkh;j;jy; J}q;fhd; Wsq;fhik ed;fph; ahz;Lk;.” vd;W Mrhuf; Nfhit $WfpwJ. cz;Zk; NghJ fpof;F jpir nghUe;jp ed;whf ,Ue;J> J}q;fhJ> Ngrhky;> apd;fz; czitj; njhOJ ed;whf cz;z Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwJ Mrhuf; Nfhit. ngUefuq;fspy; czT fpilj;jtplj;J epd;W nfhz;L cz;Zk; tof;fKk;> jpUkz epfo;Tfspy; epd;W nfhz;L> ele;J nfhz;L cz;ZjiyAk; kf;fs; nra;fpd;wdh;. czT cz;Zk; Kiw Fwpj;J Mrhuf; Nfhit> ‘fple;Jz;zhh; epd;Wz;zhh; nts;spilA Kd;dhj rpwe;J kpfTz;zhh; fl;bd;Nk Yz;zhh;” vdf; $WfpwJ. Mil xUtUila gz;ig vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltjpy; Kf;fpag; gq;F tfpg;gJ MilahFk;. xUtiuf; fz;lTld; mtiug; gw;wpa kjpg;ig kdk; mUjpapFfpwJ. mjdhy; jhd; Ms;ghjp> Milghjp> Milapy;yh kdpjd; miukdpjd;’ vd;gd Nghd;w gonkhopfs; Milapd; rpwg;igg; gw;wpf; $Wtdthf mike;Js;sd. Mil cLj;JtJ gw;wp> ‘,lnud;W khRzp fPo;jk;Nkw; nfhs;shh; gilthpD khil tspAiugg; Nghfhh; gyhpil ahil AjpuhNu nad;Wq; fldwp fhl;rp ath;: vd Mrhuf; Nfhit $WfpwJ. Miliar; Rj;jk; nra;J cLj;JtJ ed;ik vdpDk; gyhpd; Kd;Nd Miliaf; fise;J cLj;Jjy;> xOq;FgLj;Jjy; Nghd;wd nra;tJ rpwe;j xOf;fky;y vd ciuf;fpwJ. tPl;ilg; NgZk; Kiw mjpfhiy Ntisapy; kJiu efh; tPjpapd;; rpwg;igr; rq;f ,yf;fpak; giwrhw;WfpwJ. mjpfhiyapy; fz;tpopj;J vOe;J> tPl;bYs;s Fg;igfisf; fise;J> ghj;jpuq;fOtp> thrypy; rhzk; njspj;J Rj;jk; nra;J Fwpj;J> ‘fhl;Lf; fise;J fyq;foP, apy;yj;ij ahg;gpeP nuq;Fj; njspj;Jr; rpWfhiy’ vd Mrhuf; Nfhit $WfpwJ. jw;fhy tho;f;if eilKiwr; rpf;fy; epiwe;jjhf ,Ug;gpDk;> mjpfhiy vOe;J tPl;Lg; gzpfisj; njhlq;FtJ xOf;f newp vd;fpwJ ,e;E}y;. Fykhjh; nra;ahjd nghJthff; rkzh;fs; ngz;fis tpUk;ghh;. vdpDk; ,y;ywj;jpy; ngz;zpdpd;wp ey;ywk; ,Uf;fhJ vd;gij czh;e;jpUe;jdh;. ,y;ywj;ij elj;Jk; ngz; nra;af; $lhdthf.


TdLm 138

‘jk;Nkdp Nehf;fhh; jiyAsuhh; ife;nehbahh; vk;Nkdp ahapD Nehf;fhh; jiykfd; jd;Nkdp ay;yhw; gpw’ vd;w ghlybfspy; Fyg;ngz;bh; jk;fztdJ cly; tbitj; jtpu Vidah; Nkdpaoifg; ghuhh;. jd; cly; moifAk; Nehf;fhh;. ife;nehbj;jy; Kjypa jPa gof;fq;fisr; nra;ahh; vd;fpwJ Mrhuf; Nfhit. nghd; Nghyg; Nghw;wg;gLtJ jd; cliyAk;> kidtpiaAk; jhd; milf;fykhfg; ngw;w nghUisAk;> Nrh;j;J itj;j nry;tj;ijAk; nghd;idg; Nghy; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij> ‘jd;Dlk;G jhukilf;fye; jd;Daph;f;nfd; Wd;dpj;J itj;JnghUNsh bitehd;Fk;’ vd Mrhuf; Nfhit $WfpwJ. jhd; Nrh;j;j nry;tk; kl;Lky;yhJ cliyAk;> kidtpapd; eyj;ijAk; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd typAWj;JfpwJ. khiyapy; nra;aj; jf;fd> jfhjd xU nraiyr; nra;aj; njhlq;Fk; Kd; nghUs;> Vw;w fUtp> fhyk;> njhopy;> chpa ,lk; Mfpatw;iw Muha Ntz;Lk; vd;gij> ‘nghUs;fUtp fhyk; tpidaplndhU Ie;Jk; ,Us;jPu vz;zpy; nra;’ vdf; $WfpwJ jpUf;Fws;;. ,jpy; ‘jf;ffhyk’ ; vdj; jpUf;Fws; $Wtij Mrhuf; Nfhit> ‘me;jpg; nghOJ fplthh; elthNu cz;zhh; ntFshh; tpsf;fpfohh; Kd;de;jp my;Fd; llq;fy; top’ vdf; $WfpwJ. mjhtJ khiyapy; fl;lhak; tpsf;Nfw;w Ntz;Lk;. ,utpy; Ntwplk; nry;yhky; jq;f Ntz;Lk;. khiyNeuj;jpy; gLj;J cwq;ff; $lhJ. ahh;kPJk; Nfhgk; nfhs;sf; $lhJ. vdr; nra;aj; jf;fd> jfhjd gw;wpa gl;baypLfpwJ. Mrhuhf; Nfhit. efuQ; nrYj;Jtd kdpj r%fj;jpy; ,t;Tyf tho;f;iff;Fg; gpwF NkYyf tho;f;if cz;L vd;w Mokhd ek;gpf;ifAz;L. mjid nrhh;f;fk;> eufk; vd ,U $whf miog;gh;. mwr; nray;fisr; nra;gth; nrhh;f;fk; nry;th;. jPa nray;fisr; nra;gth; eufj;ij milth;. vd vz;Zfpd;wdh;. ,jpy; eufj;jpw;Fr; nry;gth;fspd; nray;fshf> ‘gpwh;kid fl;fsT R+J nfhiyNah lwdwpe;jh hpt;ite;J Nehf;fhh;’ vd;w ghlybfs; %yk; gpwh; kidtpia tpUk;GtJ> fs;Sd;gJ> jpULtJ> R+jhLtJ> nfhiy nra;tJ vd ,t;ite;Jk; efuk; nry;gth;fSf;fhd nray;fs; vd;fpwJ Mrhuf;Nfhit. KbTiu Mrhuk; vd;gJ xOf;fj;ij typAWj;Jtjhf mike;jJ. ,y;yw tho;tpy; mwnewpfshy; tPL kl;Lky;yhJ rKjha eyidAk; typAWj;J NgW rkzh;fsJ fUj;J ,q;F ghuhl;lg;glj;jf;fjhFk;.


TdLm 139

jpUf;Fws; fhl;Lk; ,y;yw khz;Gfs;;

nt.Rkjp;

Kidth; gl;l Ma;thsh; (gFjpNeuk;) muR kfsph; fiyf;fy;Y}hp> fpU~;zfphp

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TdLm 140

nfhz;L tUtJ mtspd; jiyahd flikahFk;. xU ngz; Mw;wyhfTk; khz;GfshfTk; ,Ue;jhy; jhd; rKjhaj;jpNyNa cah;thf kjpf;fg;gLfpwhh;. ngz;zhw; ngUe;jf;f ahTs fw;ngz;Zk; jpz;ikcz; lhfg; ngwpd;. Fws; - 54. vd;w ghly; toptFf;fpwJ. “ kq;ifa uhfg; gpwg;gjw;Nf ey;y khjtk; Gupe;jpl Ntz;Lk; mk;kh” vd;W ghujpahh; $wpaJ vt;tsT Mo;e;j nghUs; cs;sjhf tpsq;FfpwJ vd;W vz;zp vz;zp kfpojf;fjhFk;. fw;G vd;gJ Gfiog; ngWtjw;NfahFk;. ey;y gz;Gfisf; nfhz;l kidtpapdhy; kl;Lk; jhd; ,y;yw tho;it ,dpikahfTk;> rpwg;ghfTk; elj;j KbAk;. kf;fl; NgW ngw;Nwhh;fs; midtUf;Fk; kf;fl;NgW miktJ vd;gJ ,ayhj xd;NwahFk;. xUtd; vt;tsNth nry;tq;fis itj;Jg; gadilfpwhd;. vy;yhr; nry;tq;fis tpl rpwe;j nry;tkhf ,Ug;gJ kf;fl; nry;tNkahFk;. nry;tq;fspy; kf;fl; nry;tKk; xd;whFk;. fztDk;> kidtpAk; ey;y Kiwapy; tpsq;fpdhy; jhd; mth;fspd; kf;fSk; rpwe;J tpsq;Fthh;fs;. NkYk; gps;isfs; mwpthy; rpwe;J tpsq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ Kf;fpakhFk;. ngw;Nwhh;fs; jq;fs; gps;isfSF;F ey;ywpTr; nrhy;yp mth;fis Nkd;ikgLj;jpl Ntz;Lk;. vdNt gps;isfs; ey;y Kiwapy; tsh;e;Jg; GfioAk;> nry;tj;ijAk; ngw;NwhUf;F mspj;jpl Ntz;Lk;. ngWkw;Ws; ahkwpt jpy;iy mwptwpe;j kf;fl;NgW my;y gpw. Fws; - 61. ,sikapy; fy;tp vd;ghh;fs;. xUtd; ngw Ntz;ba nry;tq;fSs; kf;fl; nry;tNk rpwe;jhFk;. xUtd; ey;y kf;fl; nry;tj;ijg; ngw;Wj; jpfo;e;jhy; NtW ve;j rpwg;igAk; ngw Ntz;baJ ,y;iy. xUtDf;Fg; gy Jd;gq;fs; Nehplyhk; jd; gps;isfshYk; tuyhk;. gps;isfis tsh;g;gJ vd;gJ xU Fwpf;NfhYld; tsh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. mkpo;jpDk; Mw;w ,dpNjjk; kf;fs; rpWif mshtpa $o; Fws; - 64. Foe;ijj; jd; gpQ;Rf; iffshy; gpire;j NrhwhdJ jd; ngw;NwhUf;F mkpo;jj;ijtpl ,dpik jUtjhFk;. Foe;ij jd; jhapd; cliyj; jPz;LtJ ,d;gj;ij jUk; gps;isapd; koiyr; nrhy;iyf; Nfl;gJ nrtpf;Fr; rpwg;ig jUk;. jk;iktpl jk; kf;fs; mwpthy; tpsq;FtJ ,t;Tyfj;jpy; thOk; vy;yh caph;fSf;Fk; kfpo;r;rpiaj; jUtjhFk;. <d;W Gwe;jUjy; vd; jiyf; flNd rhd;Nwhd; Mf;Fjy; je;ijf;Ff; flNd Nty; tbj;Jf; nfhLj;jy; nfhy;yw;Ff; flNd vd;gJ nghd;Kbahh; ghly; ,J GwehD}w;wpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,g;ghlypy; Fwpg;gpl;l tz;zk; rhd;Nwhd; Mf;Fjy; je;ijapd; flikahFk;. ,d;dhh; kfd; vd;W nrhd;dhy; jd; je;ijapd; kfpo;r;rpf;F msNtapy;iy. nra;ed;wp mwpjy; xUtUf;Fr; nra;j cjtpia kwthky; epidj;J Nghw;WtNj ed;wpAilikahFk;. ve;j cjtpAk; vjph;ghuhky; mth;fNs te;J nra;Ak; cjtpf;F <Lapy;iy vd;gjhFk;. jd; ngw;NwhUf;Fj; jkf;F mwpit toq;fpa ey; MrhDf;Fk; ed;wpiar; jpUg;gpr; nra;a KbahJ. mJ NghyNt nra;ahky; nra;j cjtpf;F vijAk; <lhff; nfhLf;f KbahJ. nra;ahky; nra;j cjtpf;F itafKk; thdfKk; Mw;wy; mupJ. Fws; - 101 nra;ahky; nra;j cjtpf;F ,e;j kz;Zyfj;ijAk;> tpz;Zyfj;ijAk; <lhff; nfhLj;jhYk; <lhfhJ vd;gJ kpfg; nghpa cz;ikahFk;. ,e;j cjtpf;Ff; fhyj;jpdhy; nra;j


TdLm 141

cjtpahdJ rpwpajhf ,Ue;jhYk; mjd; gad; rPh;J}f;fpg; ghh;j;jhy; ,e;j cyfj;ij tplg; nghpajhFk;. fhyj;jdhw; nra;j ed;wp rpwpnjdpDk; Qhyj;jpd; khzg; nghpJ. Fws; - 102 vd;w Fwspd; %ykhf tpsq;FfpwJ. ekf;Fk; Jd;gk; tUk; NghJ mj;Jd;gj;ijg; Nghf;fp ey;yth;fspd; el;ig VNoO gpwtpfspYk; kwf;fhky; epidj;Jg; ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. jkf;Fr; nra;j ed;wpia vf;fhyj;Jf;Fk; kwf;f$lhJ. Mdhy; ekf;F Xh; jPikia nra;jhy; mg;NghNj kwe;Jtpl Ntz;Lk;. KbTiu kidtp ey;y elj;ijAs;stshf tpsq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ Kf;fpa gq;if tFf;fpwJ. ,y;ywj;ij Vw;W elj;Jgtd; ,y;ywj; jiytdpd; ngUk; nghWg;ig Kd; itf;fpwJ. fztDf;Fg; Gfo;> kupahij Nghw;Wk; tifapy; kidtp mika Ntz;Lk;. kfd; vt;tsT rpwe;j Mw;wiyg; ngw;W vy;NyhuhYk; ghuhl;Lk; gb rpwg;NghL jpfo;fpwhd;. fhuzk; mtdpd; je;ijg; nghWg;Gld; mtid tsh;j;jNjahFk;. jd; kfid xt;nthU ehSk; mwpTiuiaf; $wpa tz;zKk; jpl;lgb nray;gl;L tsh;j;jhy; jhd; ,d;W rpwe;J tpsq;Ffpwhd; vd;gJ GydhfpwJ. cjtp vj;jifahf ,Ue;jhYk; me;j ed;wpia kwe;jtUf;F Jd;gk; te;J NrUk; vd;gij czh;j;jNt ,t;tpjk; $Wfpwhh; ts;Sth;. kf;fspd; jPa vz;zq;fis tpl;Ltpl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ts;Sthpd; fUj;jhFk;.


TdLm 142

fy;fpapd; ehty; fhl;Lk; mwk;

Kidth; Nfh.eph;kyhNjtp cjtpg;Nguhrpah;> jkpo;j;Jiw

G+.rh.Nfh.fiy mwptpay; fy;Y}up> Nfhit

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TdLm 143

,iwg;gw;iw Cl;LtJld; kf;fs; cahpa thof;if tho;tjw;Fhpa mhpa gy fUj;Jf;fis $wpAs;sJ. mjhtJ tuyhw;W ehty;fspd; ehafdhd fy;fp jkJ tuyhw;W ehty;fshd ghh;j;jpgd; fdT> rptfhkpapd; rgjk;> nghd;dpapd; nry;td; Mfpa %d;W ehty;fspYk; ,e;jr; rKjhaj;jpy; thof;$ba kf;fs; midtUk; rhpepfh; rkhdkhf thotjw;F Vw;wf; fUj;Jf;fis mq;fq;Nf $wpAs;shh;. gz;ghL vd;gJ rKjhaj;jpy; fhzg;ngWk; epakq;fisAk;> kjpg;Gf;fisAk; cs;slf;fpa Xh; xUq;fpize;j KiwahFk;. xU rKjhaj;jpy; kf;fs; eilKiwapy; vtw;iwg; gpd;gw;Wfpd;wdh; vd;gij cz;ikg; gz;ghLk;> kf;fs; vg;gb elf;f Ntz;Lk; > vtw;iw gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;gijf; fUj;Jg; gz;ghLk; tpsf;Ffpd;wd. ,jdhy; gz;ghl;bd; $WfSs; xd;whf kjpg;Gf;fs; jpfo;fpd;wik Gydhfpd;wJ. vdNt r%ftpayhsh;fs; ve;jg; gz;ghl;ilAk; kjpg;Gf;fspd; %yk; tpsf;fpf;fhl;l KbAk; vdf; fUJfpd;wdh;. tho;tpay; tpOkpaq;fs; fy;fpapd; tuyhw;W ehty;fshd ghh;j;jpgd; fdT> rptfhkpapd; rgjk;> nghd;dpapd; nry;td; Mfpa %d;W tuyhw;W ehty;fspYk; tho;tpay; tpOkpaj;jpw;fhd nra;jpfs; epiwe;J fhzg;gLf;pd;wd. mr;nra;jpfisf; nfhz;L ehk; ,e;ehty;fs; rKjha tpopg;Gzh;T vd;w epiyapy; rKjha xw;WikiaAk;> gy r%f ew;nray;fisAk; mitfs; nfhz;Ls;sJ vd;gij mwpayhk;. r%fj;jpd; fl;Lg;ghlw;w kdpj tho;tpy; kdpjidr; rPuikg;gjw;fhd> xOq;fikg;gjw;fhd rpy fUj;Jf;fis tud;Kiwfis mr;r%fNk tiuaWj;Jf; nfhs;fpwJ. ,e;newpKiwfs; kdpj tho;tpd; ePNuhl;lj;ijj; jilg;gLj;jhky; Xh; xOq;F mikg;ghfr; rPh;gLj;j Kidfpd;wJ. ,r;rKjha #oypy; tho;jiyr; rPh;ikg;gLj;Jfpd;w> Nkd;ikg;gLj;Jfpd;w kdpj cah; gz;G newpfSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspg;gJ ,ay;ghd epfo;thfpd;wJ. jdpkdpj xOf;fNk FLk;g Nkd;ikia tsh;f;Fk;. FLk;g Nkd;ikNa r%fj;ij topelj;Jk;. r%fk; rpwf;fj; jdpkdpj xOf;fk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tsh;;;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. jdp kdpjDf;F xOf;fkhf cah; newpfis tFj;Jr; nry;tJk; r%fkhFk;. vjph; tUk; r%f mikg;Gf; fl;Lf;Fiyahky; cah;e;j newpf;F ,l;Lr; nry;y Ntz;Lnkdpy;> kuG rhh;e;j> cah;Ts;s gz;ghl;Lf; $Wfis ,r;r%fk; xOf;fkhf newpg;gLj;j Ntz;bAs;sJ. r%fj;jpd; Njit fUjp> gz;ghl;il kdjpy; nfhz;L r%fj;jhy; jdpkdpjd; Ml;Ltpf;fg;gLfpwhd;. kdpjd; nray;ghLfspdhYk;> tsh; epiyfspdhYk; fpilf;Fk; nghUikiag; Nghw;wpg; GfOk; tz;zk; mtidr; r%fNk KOikahf ,af;Ffpd;wJ. xl;Lnkhj;j r%fj;jpd; Njitahf tho;tpay; gpopthff; fUjg;gLfpd;w cah; gz;G newpfisj; jdpkdpjDf;F chpj;jhd mwkhfg; Nghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j xOf;fk; gz;ghl;Lf; $Wfs; r%f Kd;Ndw;wj;jpy; ngUk;gq;F nfhz;L rhpahd ,aq;Fjiy cWjpgLj;Jfpd;wJ. mwk; typAWj;jy; md;wwpthk; vd;dhJ mwQ;nra;f kw;wJ nghd;Wq;fhy; nghd;whj; Jiz vd;W $Wfpd;wJ ts;Stk;. mwk; nra;tjw;F fhyk; Neuk; ghh;f;fNtz;bajpy;iy vd;gJ ts;Sthpd; Mokhd fUj;jhf mikfpd;wJ. kdpjd; jhd; Njhd;wpa fhyk; njhl;Nl jdf;fhd mwq;fis tFj;Jf; nfhz;L thof; fw;Wf; nfhz;lhd;. rh;t ty;yikAk;> Mjpf;f kdg;ghd;ikAk; nfhz;bUe;jhYk; me;newpiag; gpd;gw;wp kf;fs; tho Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ. kd;dd; vt;topNah kf;fs; mt;top vd;gjhy; kf;fspd; xOf;ff; Nfhl;ghLfisAk; mwf;fUj;Jf;fisAk; newpg;gLj;jpdh;. mwnewpiag; Nghw;wp ghJfhf;Fk; gz;gpdhy; gpwiu kjpf;Fk; gz;Gk;> el;Gzh;Tk; NkNyhq;fp> giftDf;Fk; mUSk; kdpj cah; gz;G newpfs; tYg;gL;j;jg;gLfpd;wd. ey;yijNa nra;J ey;yijNa epidf;Fk; gz;G rq;f fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpd;G epiyj;j gz;ghf cUntLj;jJ. mOf;fhW> mth> ntFsp> ,d;dhr;nrhy; ehd;Fk; ,Of;fh ,ad;wJ mwk; vd;W nfhs;if tFj;jJ ts;Stk;. Gpwh; Nky; nfhs;Sfpd;w nghwhik> Njitapy;yhky; msTf;F mjpfkhff; nfhs;Sk; Nguhir> mjpfg;gbahd Nfhgk;> jPa nrhy; ,e;ehd;fpidAk; jtWjhd; vd;W kdk; cs;thq;fpf; nfhs;Skhdhy; me;j kdpj kdk; mwj;NjhL nray;gLfpd;wJ vd;W ,dk; fhz KbAk;. vdNtjhd; tho;tpd; cah;e;j Nehf;fkhf xOf;fk>; mwk; ,tw;iw


TdLm 144

fUJfpNwhk;. ,e;epfo;tpy; Fiw Vw;gLkhapd; mtw;iw newpg;gLj;Jtjpy; rpyh; Kidg;ghf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd ekJ ,yf;fpaq;fs; mwpTWj;Jfpd;wJ. mt;tifpay; fy;fp jdJ tuyhw;W ehty;fspy; mwg; gz;GfNshL jpfo;gth;fshfTk;> rKjhaj;jpw;;fhf mw czh;NthL tho;gth;fshfTk; rpy ghj;jpuq;fisg; gilj;Js;shh;. eurpk;kth;kh; top mwk; fy;fp eurpk;kth;kiu jdJ ,uz;L ehty;fspy; mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpd;whh;. rptfhkpapd; rgjk; ehtypy; fijj; jiytuhfTk;> rptfhkpapd; fhjyDkhfTk;> NkYk; ghh;j;jpgd; fdT ehtypy; Fe;jitapd; md;Gj; je;ijahfTk; mwpKfk; nra;fpwhh;. mwk; typAWj;jy; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLk;nghOJ rh;t ty;yikAk;> Mjpf;f kdg;ghd;ikAk; nfhz;bUe;jhYk; mwnewpia kf;fs; gpd;gw;wp tho Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ Kd;nkhopag;gl;lJ. kd;dd; vt;topNah kf;fs; mt;top vd;w Nfhl;ghl;bw;F ,zq;f tho;e;jtd; eurpk;kth;kd;. jhd; eld fyhuhzpahd rptfhkpia tpUk;gpdhYk; jd; je;ijapd; nrhy;iyf; fhg;ghw;wp kf;fis ey;topapy; mw czh;NthL nfhz;L nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfj; jd; je;ij rptfhkpia re;jpf;ff; $lhJ vd;W rj;jpak; thq;fpl mij epiwNtw;wp rptfhkpia re;jpf;fhky; Nfhl;ilia tpl;L ntspNawhky; ,Uf;fpwhh;. ,jw;F vd;d fhuzk; jdJ je;ij kNfe;jputh;kd; jd; kf;fspd; kPJ itj;jpUe;j ghrk;> md;G ,itfs;jhd; fhuzk; vdyhk;. eurpk;kth;kdpd; je;ij kf;fspd; xOf;f Nfhl;ghLfisAk;> mwf;fUj;jf;fisAk;> gpwiu kjp;j;jy;> el;G > giftDf;Fk; mUSjy; Nghd;w cah;gz;Gfspd; ntspg;ghlhf ,Uf;fpwhh;. Mjyhy; jdJ je;ijapd; nrhy;iy kPwhky; kf;fSf;fhf jd; fhjypiaAk; re;jpf;fhky; ,Uf;fpwhh;. ,jw;Ff; fhuzk; mwk; vd;Dk; xOf;fg; gz;Ng vdyhk;. fy;fp rptfhkpapd; rgjk; ehtypy; eurpk;kth;kiu ,isQdhfTk; Nghiu tpUk;Gk; tPug; Gjy;tdhfTk;> rptfhkpapd; cs;sk; fth;e;j fhjydhfTk; gilj;J cs;shh;. eurpk;kth;kd; jk; tPuj;ij ntspg;gLj;j jf;f Neuj;ij vjph;ghh;j;Jf; fhj;Jf; nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhd;. GypNfrpapd; gil gilnaLj;J tUfpwJ vd;W mwpe;jTld; NghUf;Fg; Nghfj; Jbf;fpwhh;. Mdhy; kNfe;jpuh; Nfhl;ilia tpl;L ntspNa tuf; $lhJ vd;W $w mjd;gb elg;gjhf mth; rj;jpak; nra;fpwhh;. eurpk;kth;kh; mr;rk; rpwpJkw;w> Mw;wy; nghpJk; nfhz;l mlNyW. Mdhy; je;ijapd; nrhy; kPwhjtd;. mth; rptfhkpf;F vOjpa Xiyapy; ,e;j cyfj;jpy; vd;dhy; nra;a Kbahj fhhpak; xd;W ,Uf;Fnkd;why; mJ je;ijapd; nrhy;iy kPWtJjhd;. new;wpf;fz; gilj;j rptngUkhNd vd; Kd; Njhd;wpdhYk; vd; je;ijapd; fl;lisf;F tpNuhjkhf xU fhhpaj;ij ehd; nra;a khl;Nld; vd;W $Wfpwhh;. Kbtpy; kf;fSf;fhfj; je;ijapd; nrhy;Yf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L ghz;ba ehl;L ,sturpia kze;J nfhs;fpwhh;. Muk;gj;jpy; rpw;gpapd; kfshd rptfhkpapd; Nky; nfhz;l fhjyp;d; fhuzkhf ehl;ilNa Jwf;f rpj;jkhf ,Ue;jhh;. ,th;fspd; ghpRj;jkhd md;gpy; xU Jsp eQ;R fye;jJ Nghy; rptfhkp rpiwgl;L thjhgpf;F nry;y rk;kjpj;jhy; vd;w nra;jp. rptfhkpapd; rgjj;ij epiwNtw;w eurpk;kth;kh; ngUk;gilAld; thjhgp Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk; Kd; mth; kidtp thdkhNjtp> rptfhkpapd; kPJ jhq;fs; nfhz;l fhjy; jdf;F Kd;dNu njhpAk; vd;W $w> rptfhkpia mioj;J te;jJk; jhd; tpyfpf; nfhs;tjhff; $w> rptfhkpapd; rgjj;ij epiwNtw;wp Kbtpy; jdf;fhfTk;> mg;ghf;fhfTk;> kf;fSf;fhfTk; rptfhkpia kwe;J kf;fSf;F mwr;nray;fis nra;Ak; eurpk;kdhf fy;fp ,tiug; gilj;J ,Uf;fpwhh;. rptfhkpapd; rgjj;jpy; fhjypy; Njhy;tpaile;j eurpk;kth;kd; ghh;j;jpgd; fdtpy; jhapy;yhj; jdJ ngz;zhd Fe;jtpia ghh;j;J “ Foe;jha; ,e;j cyfpy; md;G xd;Wjhd; rhRtjkhdJ. kw;wnjy;yhk; mepj;jpak;. ,uz;L ,sk; cs;sq;fs; md;gpdhy; xd;W NrUk;nghOJ mq;Nf md;G tbtkhd flTNs rhe;epj;jpakhapUf;fpwhh;. mt;tpj md;gpdhy; Nrh;e;j cs;sq;fSf;F kj;jpapy; epd;W jilnra;a ahUf;FNk ghj;jpaij fpilahJ jfg;gDf;Ff; $l fpilahJjhd;. Mifahy; eP Nrho ehl;L ,sturid kzk; Ghpa tpUk;gpdhahdhy; mij xU ehSk; ehd; jil nra;Nad;” vd;W $Wfpwhh;. ,Wjpapy; tpf;fpukidr; Nrhoehl;bd; kd;duhf;Fk; eurpk;kh; jk; kfisAk; mtd; kidtpahf;fp kfpo;fpwhh;. Muk;gj;jpy; Nghh;f;fsj;jpy; ghh;j;jpgdplk; nfhLj;j thf;iff; fhg;ghw;w ,Wjptiuf;Fk; mwtopapy; epd;W jk; ,yl;rpaj;jpy; Njhw;whYk; ghh;j;jpgDf;F nfhLj;j thf;if epiwNtw;Wtjpy; ntw;wp ngWfpwhh; eurp;k;kh;.


TdLm 145

NkYk; ghh;j;jpgd; fdT ehtypy; kf;fs; ,th; Nky; itj;jpUe;j gf;jpf;F kw;nwhU fhuzk; ,th; kf;fSf;F nra;j mwk;jhd; fhuzk; vdyhk;. ,th; jdJ kf;fis md;nghLk;> fUizNahLk; kf;fSf;F ve;j Neuj;jpy; vJ NjitNah mij epiwNtw;wp nfhz;bUe;jhh;. khky;yh; eurpk;kh; xU Kiw %d;W ehl;fs; khky;yGuj;jpy; jq;f Ntz;ba #oy; Vw;gl;lJ. mth; mq;F jq;fpapUe;j me;j %d;W ehl;fSk; kf;fs; kd;dd; tutpdhy; kpfTk; Nfhyhfykhf gy tho;j;njhypfis kd;dDf;Fj; njhptpj;j tz;zk; ,Ue;jdh;. kf;fs; ,th; NkYk>; rpw;gq;fs; NkYk; itj;jpUe;j gf;jpia ghh;j;j kd;dd; kf;fSf;fhf ntF tpiutpy; GypNfrp gilnaLg;gpdhy; epd;W Nghd rpw;g gzpia kPz;Lk; njhlq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W $Wfpwhh;. GypNfrpia nfhd;W thjhgpiaj; jPf;fpiuahf;fptpl;Lj; jpUk;gpa gpwF rpyfhyk; Njrj;jpy; ,Ue;j kf;fspd; gQ;rk; Nghd;w gpzpfis ePf;Fk; Kf;fpakhd NiyfspYk; cs;ehl;L giffis mopf;Fk; Kaw;rpapYk; jhd; <Lgl;L ,Ue;jjhy; rpw;gf; fiyapy; jhd; <Lgl Kbahky; Ngha; tpl;lJ vd;W $Wfpwhh;. fiyia tpl kf;fspd; eyk; jhd; Kf;fpak;. kf;fs; ,g;nghOJ ey;ygbahf ,Ug;gjhy; kPz;Lk; rpw;gf;fiyg; gzpia njhlh;tjhff; $Wfpwhh;. rpw;gf; fiyapy; kpFe;j Mh;tkhf ,Ue;jhYk; kf;fis fhg;gNj kd;ddpd; Kjy; flik> kf;fisf; fhg;ghw;wp mth;fspd; gQ;rk; Nghd;w gpzpfis mfw;wp kf;fspd; ,d;g Jd;gq;fspy; gq;nfLj;J kf;fSf;fhfNt tho;gth; khky;yh; eurpk;kth;kh;. mwk; typAWj;jy; vd;w gz;Gf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhfj; jpfo;gth; eurpk;kth;kh; vd;gij ,e;j nray;fspd; %yk; ehk; njspayhk;. epiwthf fy;fp jkJ ehty;fspy; jdJ ghj;jpuq;fspd; thapyhf jdpkdpj tpOkpaj;jpy; Kjy;epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; mwk; typAWj;jy; vd;w gz;gpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhfj; rpy ghj;jpuq;fisg; gilj;Js;shh;. kf;fspilNa cah;e;jtd; jho;e;jtd; vd;w gz;G ,Uf;ff; $lhJ mNj Neuj;jpy; ifkhW fUjhJ nghopAk; kioiag; Nghd;W kw;wth;f;F nfhLg;gjpy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ijAk; kf;fspilNa nfhz;Ltu Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zj;jld; rpy ghj;jpuq;fis mth; gilj;Js;shh;. nghwhik> Nfhgk;> Nguhir> jPanrhy; ,tw;iw jtW vd;W vg;nghOJ xU kdpjd; czUfpwhNdh mg;nghOJ mtd; mwj;NjhL epd;W nray;gLthd;. vdNtjhd; tho;jypy; cah;e;j xOf;fkhf mwg;gz;G fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j fUj;Jf;fis nfhz;L ehk; fy;fpapd; ehty;fisg; ghh;f;Fk;nghOJ epiwa fjhghj;jpuq;fs; mjpy; mlq;Fk; vd;gjpy; rpwpJk; Iakpy;iy.


TdLm 146

jkpopyf;fpaq;fspy; mwk;

GytH f.FNyhj;Jq;fd;

Kidth; gl;l Ma;thsh;> jpUts;Sth; gy;fiyf;fofk;> NtY}h;

njhlf;fkhf mwk; vd;w nrhy;Yf;Fj; jhdk;> jUkk; vd;W nghUSz;L. Mdhy; ey;y nray;fs; midj;JNk mwkhFk;. mwnkdg;gLtJ> ehl;L kf;fSf;F czTk;> cilAk;> ciwtplKk; toq;FjNy vd kzpNkfiy ,ak;GfpwJ. ,jid> “mwk; vdg;gLtJ ahnjdf; Nfl;gpd; kwthJ ,J Nfs;> kd;DapHf;F vy;yhk; cz;bAk; cilAk; ciwASk; my;yJ fz;ljpy;" (kzp. MGj;jpundhL kzpgy;ytkile;j fhij> 228-231) vDk; tupfshy; mwpayhk;. mwk; nra;a typAWj;Jk; tpjkhf mwd; typAWj;jy; mjpfhuj;jpy;> “,d;Wnfhy; md;Wnfhy; vd;Wnfhy; vd;dhJ gpd;iwNa epd;wJ $w;wnkd; nwz;zp xUTkpd; jPait xy;Yk; tifahy; kUTkpd; khz;lhH mwk;" vd;w ghly; topfhl;ba tpjj;jpy; khl;rpikg; gl;ltHfSila jUkj;ijr; NrUq;fs; vd;gij mwpayhk;. NkYk;> mwj;ij typAWj;Jk; tpjkhf jpUts;StUk; jkJ jpUf;Fwspy; mwj;Jg;ghypy; mwd; typAWj;jypy;> “nraw;ghyJ XUk; mwNd xUtw;F caHghyJ XUk; gop" vd;w Fws;top ahUk; nra;a Ntz;LtJ mwNk vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLtijf; fhzyhk;. rKjhaj;ij kjpj;J tho Ntz;Lk; vd;w mwnewp tho;f;if> xOf;fk;> flik> <if Nghd;wtw;wpd; %yk; ,Ug;gij mwpayhk;. ,t;thwhd mwf;fUj;Jf;fis jkpopyf;fpaq;fspy; fhzyhk;. xOf;fk; vz;zk;> nrhy;> nray; %d;wpdhYk; jdf;nfh> gpwUf;F> jw;fhyj;jpNyh> gpw;fhyj;jpNyh> clYf;Nfh> kdjpw;Nfh Jd;gk; juhky; ,Ug;gJ xOf;fkhFk;. ,jid ts;StH jkJ jpUf;Fwspy; xOf;fKilik vd;w mjpfhuj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH. “xOf;fk; cilik Fbik ,Of;fk; ,ope;j gpwgha; tpLk;" (Fws;.133) vd;w Fws; top tplh xOf;fk; caHe;j Fbgpwg;G vd;Wk; xOf;fj;ij tpLtJ tpyq;F gpwg;G vd;Wk; jpUts;StH Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. ,jd; %yk; xOf;fk; rpwe;j mwkhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. “ngz;zpw; ngUe;jf;f ahTs fw;ngd;D jpz;ikAz;lhfg; ngwpd;" (Fws;.54) vd;W ngz;zpw;fhd xOf;fj;ijAk;> “xUik kfspNuNghyg; ngUikAk; jd;idj;jhd; nfhz;Nlh Ofpd; cz;L" (Fws;.974) vd;W Mz;fSf;fhd xOf;fj;ijAk; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH ts;StH.


TdLm 147

xOf;fKilatdhf tho;tNj rpwe;j mwk; MFk;. fw;wiyf; fhl;bYk; xOf;fKilikNa rpwe;jJ MFk; vd;W kJiuf; $lY}Hf;fpohH vLj;Jiuf;fpwhH. ,jid> “MHfyp cyfj;J kf;fl;F vy;yhk; Xjypd; rpwe;jd;W xOf;fk; cilik" (rpwe;j gj;J.1) vd;w KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp ghlyb czHj;Jfpd;wJ. ,jd;%yk; xUtUf;Ff; fy;tpiaf; fhl;bYk; xOf;fk; rpwe;jJ vd;gJ Gydhfpd;wJ. kdpjd; tho;tpy; gpd;gw;wNtz;ba xOf;fq;fSs; xd;whd gpwd;kid Nehf;fhik gw;wpj; jpU%yH> “nghUj;jk; ,yhj Gspkhq;nfhk;G Vwp fUj;J mwpahjhH fhy; mw;w thNw" (jpUke;jpuk;) vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. xOf;fk; jdpkdpjDf;F caHitj; jUk; vd;fpwhH jpU%yH. capUf;Fk; Nkyhf xOf;fj;ij vz;Zjy; rpwg;igj;jUk;. xOf;fk; nfl;Lj; jd;epiyapy; ,Ue;J jtwp tho;e;jhy; nja;tkhf ,Ue;jhYk; gopte;J NrUk; vd;gij czHe;J jd;epiyj; jhohky; ,Uf;f xOf;fj;Jld; tho Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ijAk; jpU%yH> “tpOg;gKk; Nfs;tpAk; nka;e;d;w Qhdj;J xOf;fKk; rpe;ij czHfpd;wNghJ tOf;F tpohtpby; thdtH NfhDk; ,Of;fpd;wp vz;zpyh fhyk; jhNk" (rpj;jHghly;fs;> gh. 133) vd;w ghly; %yk; xOf;fNk caHe;j tho;tpay; mwk; vd;gij czuyhk;. flik ehk;> rKjhak; cw;gj;jp nra;j midj;Jg; nghUl;fisAk; mDgtpj;J tUfpNwhk;. vdNt rKjhaj;jpw;Ff; fld;gl;bUf;fpNwhk;. rKjhaj;jpy; ngw;w flidj; jpUg;gp nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. mjw;Fj; jdJ clyhw;wy;> mwpthw;wy; %yk; njhz;L nra;aNtz;Lk;. ,JNt flikahFk;. vdNt grp> gpzp Nghf;Fjy; vd;gJ jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; gy;NtW epiyfspy; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. ,e;j cyfpy; cs;s capHfs; kPJ ,uf;fk; fhl;Lk; flik vd;gJ kdpj ,dj;jpd; xt;nthUtUk; filgpbf;f Ntz;ba caupa tho;f;if mwk; vd ts;syhH typAWj;JfpwhH. “ghj;J Cz; kuP,atidg; grpnad;Dk; jPHg;gpzp jPz;ly; mupJ" (227) vd;W ts;StH grpj;J te;jtHfSf;Fg; gq;F nfhLj;J mtHfs; grpia Mw;wptpl;lg; gpwF cz;gtid grp vd;w nfhba Jd;gk; jPz;l KbahJ vd;W $WfpwhH. jkpoHfspd; caHe;j gz;GfSs; xd;whfr; rhd;Nwhiug; Nghw;Wjy; tpsq;FfpwJ. ~%j;Njhiug; Nghw;Wjy; ed;W| vd mw ,yf;fpaq;fs; Rl;Lfpd;wd. NkYk;> gpw CapHfs; kPJ md;G nrYj;JtJk; flikahFk;. ,jid> “md;gpd; topaJ capHepiy m/jpyhHf;F vd;GNjhy; NghHj;j clk;G" (Fws;.80) vd;w Fws; top capUila clk;ghtJ md;Gila tho;T> md;gpyhH clk;Gfs; vYk;Gj;Njhs;fs; MFk; vd;gij mwpayhk;. NkYk;> ehs; jtwhky; mwk; nra;tijf; flikahff; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gjid> “tPo;ehs; glhmik ed;whw;wpd; m/njhUtd; tho;ehs; topailf;Fk; fy;" (Fws;.38) czuyhk;. NkYk;> ehybahUk; ,f;fUj;ij> “itfYk; itfy; tuf;fz;Lk; m/JzuhH itfYk; itfiy itFnkd; wpd;GWtH itfYk; itfy;jk; tho;ehs;Nky; itFjy; itfiy itj;Jzuh jhH" (ehybahH 39) vd;w ghly; top jpde;NjhWk; ehl;fopitj; jkJ MAspy; nry;Yjyhy; itj;J ehl;fopit mwpahjtHfs; ehl;fopT tug;ghHj;Jk; mjd; cz;ikia mwpahjtuhfpj; jpde;NjhWk; MAs;


TdLm 148

fopjiy> ,Uf;fpwnjd epidj;J kfpo;r;rp milthHfs;. vdNt ekJ MAl;fhyk; jpdKk; fope;J tUjyhy; ehs;NjhWk; mwk; nra;tijf; flikahff; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. <if jd;Dila nghUspy; xU gFjpia xJf;fp> gpwUila Njitia czHe;J toq;FtJk;> jd;Dila Mw;wiyf; nfhz;L gpwUila Jd;gj;ijg; Nghf;FtJk; <if vdg;gLk;. gpujpgyid vjpHghuhky; nfhLj;J cjTtij ~<if| vd;W jkpo;r;rhd;NwhHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH. ,jidNa ~twpNahHf;F cjTjy;> gpw capHfisf; fhj;jy;| vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ kzpNkfiyf; fhg;gpak;. “<nad ,uj;jy; ,ope;jd;W mjd; vjpH <Nad; vd;wy; mjdpDk; ,ope;jd;W nfhs; vdf; nfhLj;jy; caHe;jd;W" (Gweh.gh.204) vd;w GwehD}W ghly; <if gw;wp Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. NkYk;> kzpNkfiy fhg;gpaj;jpy; MGj;jpud; gpr;irg; ghj;jpuj;jpy;> gpr;irahfg; ngw;w czitf; nfhz;L> “fhzhH NfshH fhy;Klg; gl;NlhH NgZeH ,y;NyhH gpzpeLf;Fw;NwhH ahtUk; tUf" (kzpNkfiy> 111-113) vd;wioj;J> czT nfhLj;J kfpo;fpwhd; vd;w <ifg; gz;ig mwpayhk;. ,t;thNw ehybahUk;> “kWikAk; ,k;ikAk; Nehf;fp xUtw;F cWkh wpiat nfhLj;jy; - tWikahy; <jy; ,irah njdpDk; ,uthik <jy; ,ul;bAWk;" (ghly;.95) vd;w ghly; top czHj;JfpwJ. NkYk;> <if gw;wp jpUts;StUk; jkJ jpUf;Fwspy; <if mjpfhuj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. “twpahHf;nfhd;W <tNj <if kw;nwy;yhk; FwpvjpHg;ig ePuJ cilj;J" (Fws;.221) vd;w Fws; top <if vd;gJ ViofSf;Ff; nfhLg;gNj kw;nwy;yhk; gpwUf;Fr; nra;tJ vjpHghHj;Jf; nfhLg;gjhFk; vd;fpwhH. “rhjypd; ,d;dhJ ,y;iy ,dpj;J}ck; <jy; ,iaahf; fil" (Fws;.230) vd;w Fws; top XH Viof;F cjtKbahj NghJ tpUk;ghr; rhTk; tpUk;gj;jFk; vd;fpwhH. ,jidNa twpatHf;fPjy; vd;W gonkhop ehD}W> “fug;GilahH itj;j filAk; cjth Jug;Gil kd;dHf;Nf Jg;Gutjy;yhky; epuk;gpLk;ig kpf;fhHf; FjtVd; wPjy; Ruj;jpilg; nga;j ngay;" (374) vd;w ghly;top gpwUf;F ,y;iy vd;W kiwj;J itg;gtH Njbitj;jg; nghUs;fs; giftiuj; Juj;Jk; Jug;Gila murHf;Nf cjTtdhk;. mJtd;wp ,Wjpf; fhyj;jpYk; jkf;F cjTtd Mfh. tWikahy; Jd;gk; kpf;ftHf;F cjTk;gb xU nghUisf; nfhLj;jy; ntapyhy; Rlg;gl;l ntQ;Ruj;jpd;fz; kpfTk; kio nga;j;jNdhnlhf;Fk; vd;w fUj;ij typAWj;JfpwJ. epiwthf kdpjd; jd; tho;ehspy; iff;nfhz;L xOf Ntz;ba mwk; vitnait vd;gij tisahgjp $WfpwJ. “ngha;ad;kpd; Gwk;$wpd;kpd; ahiuAk; itad;kpd; tbty;yd nrhy;yp ePH ca;ad;kpd; capH nfhd;Wz;L thOehs; nra;ad;kpd; rpwpahnuhL jPad;kpd; (ghly;.16)


TdLm 149

ngha; nrhy;yhjPH> Gwk; nrhy;yhjPH> xUtiuAk; ,fo;e;J NgrhjPH. ed;ik juhjtw;iwf; $wp cly; tsHf;fhjPH. Cz; cz;L tho;ehs; flj;jhjPH> fatNuhL NruhjPH vdTk; “fs;sd; kpd; fs thapd ahitAk; nfhs;sd; kpd; nfhiy $b tUkwk; vs;sd; kpd; ,yH vd;nwz;zp ahiuAk; es;sd; kpd; gpwH ngz;NzhL ez;zd; kpd;" (ghly;.17) fsT nra;ahjPH> fstpdhy; cz;lhFk; Mf;fj;ijf; nfhs;shjPH. Nts;tpf;fhf capHf;nfhiyg; GupahjPH> ,y;yhjtH vd;W vz;zp ahiuAk; ,fohjPH. gpwH kidtpapd;ghy; ,r;irf; nfhz;L nry;yhjPH vdTk; czHj;Jk; tisahgjpg; ghly;fisf; fhzyhk;. Nkw;fz;l jkpopyf;fpag; ghly;fs; top mwk; rhHe;j fUj;Jf;fis czuyhk;. ghHit E}y;fs; • gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs;> rhujh gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id. • Ik;ngUq;fhg;gpaq;fs;> tHj;jkhdd; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id. • jkpo;f; fhg;gpaq;fs;> jkpo;j;Jiw> njhd;Ngh];Nfh fiy mwptpay; fy;Y}up> jUkGup.


TdLm 150

jpUke;jpuj;jpy; jdpkdpj mwk;

f.jkpo;r;nry;tp

cjtp Nguhrphpia> jkpo;j;Jiw = tp[a; tpj;ahyah fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; fy;Y}hp jUkGhp.

; Kd;Diu cyfpy; gy;NtW tifahd caphpdq;fs; tho;fpd;wd. mjpy; jdpr;rpwg;G ngw;W tpsq;FtJ kdpj capNuahFk;. kdpjd; kw;w caphpdq;fsplkpUe;J NtWgLtjw;Fg; gy fhuzq;fs; cs;sd. mjpy; gFj;jwpT jiyikahdjhf mikfpwJ. kdpjd; gFj;jwptpd; %yk; jdf;nfd rpy jdpj;jd;ikfis cUthf;fpf; nfhs;fpd;whd;. mg;gFj;jwpthy; Njhd;wpaNj mwj;jd;ikAk;> gz;ghLk; MFk;. mwNk mtid cah;topapy; nrYj;JfpwJ. mwf;nfhs;iffis vLj;Jiuf;Fk; ,yf;fpaq;fs; gy cs;sd. mtw;wpy; ‘jpUke;jpuk;” vd;w gf;jp ,yf;fpa E}y; rkaf; fUj;Jf;fNshL mwk; rhh;e;j fUj;Jf;fisAk; tpsk;GfpwJ. mwk; ‘mwk;’ vd;gJ ePjp> xOf;fk;> ew;nray; vd;W gy nghUs;fspy; Msg;gLfpwJ. ehy;tif cWjpg;nghUl;fspy; mwNk Kjy; epiyapy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mwtopapy; nrd;why; nghUs;> ,d;gk;> tPLNgW fpilf;Fk; vd;fpwJ ,yf;fpaq;fs;. jpUf;Fws; mwk; vd;gjw;F> “ kdj;Jf;fz; khrpyd; Mjy; midj;Jmwd; MFy ePu gpw.” xUtd; jd; kdj;jpy; Fw;wk; ,y;yhjtdhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mJNt mwkhFk; vd;W $WfpwJ. kdj;jpy; jPaitfis epidahky; ,Ue;jhy;jhd; mit nraypy; epfohky; ,Uf;f KbAk;. ahf;if epiyahik clyhdJ taJf;Nfw;g khwf;$baJ. xU ehs; epy;yhky; mope;J tpLk; jd;ik nfhz;lJ. mg;NghJ cldpUe;j kidtpNah> gps;isfNsh cld; tUtjpy;iy. mtd; tho;e;j NghJ nra;j mwq;fSk; ngw;w mwpTk; kl;LNk mtd; capNuhL nry;Yk;. vdNt mopAk; cly; kPJ gw;W itf;ff; $lhJ vd;fpwhh; jpU%yh;. ,jid “ gz;lk;nga; $iw gofp tpOe;jf;fhy; cz;lmg; ngz;bUk; kf;fSk; gpd;nryhh;” (jpU-144) vDk; ghly; tpsk;GfpwJ. ahf;if epiyahik gw;wp jpUts;Sth;> “ neUey; csndhUtd; ,d;wpy;iy vd;Wk; ngUik cilj;J,t; TyF” . (Fws;-336) vd;fpwhh;. nfhy;yhik vt;TapiuAk; jdf;fhfNth> gpwh;f;fhfNth nfhy;yhky; ,Uj;jNy nfhy;yhikahFk;. ,J kpfr;rpwe;j mwr;nrayhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. nfhy;yhikiag; gw;wp jpU%yh;> caph;fsplk; ,uf;fkpy;yhky; ‘nfhy;’ vd;Wk; ‘Fj;J’ vd;Wk; $Wfpd;w kpUf kdKila kf;fisf; fhyj; J}jh;fs; ,Oj;Jr; nrd;W> Jd;gk; jUk; eufj;jpy; Nrh;j;J tpLth;> vd;gjid>


TdLm 151

“ nfhy;ypL Fj;Jvd;W $wpa khf;fis nry;ypL epy;nyd;W jPtha; euFil epy;ypLk; vd;Wk; epWj;Jth; jhNk” (jpU-198) vDk; ghlyhy; tpsf;Ffpwhh; nfhy;yhik gw;wp Vyhjp “ nfhiyGhpahd; nfhy;yhd; Gyhd;kaq;fhd; $h;j;j tpz;zth;f;F Nkyha; tpLk;.” (Vyhjp – 1) ,g;ghly;> gpw caph;fisf; nfhy;yhjtd;> Gyhy; cz;zhjtd; MfpNahh; Njth;fis tpl Nkyhdth;fs; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. Gyhy; kWj;jy; kdpjd; jd;Dila jiria tsh;g;gjw;fhfg; gpw caph;fisf; nfhd;W> mjd; ,iwr;rpia czthf cl;nfhs;fpwhd;. mj;jifa nraiyf; nfhba ghtkhfr; rhd;Nwhh; fUjpdh;. xU caphpd; clyhd Gyhiy czthf cz;Zk; ,opj;jd;ikAilahiu vkdpd; JhJth;fs; eufj;jpNy js;Sth; vd;gij “ nghy;yhg; Gyhiy EfUk; Giyahiu vy;NyhUk; fhz ,akd;jd; JhJth; nry;yhfg; gw;wpj; jPtha; eufj;jpy;” (jpU-199) vd;w jpUke;jpug; ghly; Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ. “ NfhwYk; eQ;#idj; Ja;j;jy; nfhLeQ;R” – (rp.g.%yk; - 13 ) ,jpy; gpw caph;fisf; nfhd;W> mjd; ,iwr;rpia cz;gJ nfhba eQ;rpid cz;gjw;Fk; rkk; vd;fpwJ rpWgQ;r%yk;. gpwh;kid eathik mLj;jtd; kidtpia tpUk;GtJ nghpa jPikahFk;. “,uhkdpd; kidtp rPijia tpUk;gpajhy;> ,uhtzd; jd; Rw;wj;Jld; mope;jhd;” vd;w Guhzr; nra;jpia midtUk; mwpth;. md;ghd jd; kidtp tPl;bypUf;f> mtis tpUk;ghky; gpwh;f;Fhpa kidtpia tpUk;gp mila epidg;gJ mwkw;w nrayhFk;. mr;nrayhdJ> tPl;Lj; Njhl;lj;jpy; fha;j;J Kjph;e;j gyhg;goj;ijr; Ritf;f tpUk;ghky;> ntspNa cs;s Ks;Sila <r;rk; nrbapYs;s goj;ijg; gwpf;fg; Ngha; Ks;shy; Fj;jg;gl;Lj; Jd;Gw;w nray; NghyhFk;. ,jid> “ Mj;j kidahs; mfj;Nj ,Uf;fNt fha;j;j kidahisf; fhKW fhisah; fha;r;r gyhtpd; fdpAz;z khl;lhky; <r;rk; goj;Jf;F ,lUw;w thNw” (jpU-201) vd;fpwJ jpUke;jpuk;. gpwh; kidtpia tpUk;Gk; ,optpNdhiu> ePjpnewp tpsf;fk;> “jpUtpD ey;yhs; kidfpoj;jp NaDk; gpwh;kidf;Nf gPlope;J epw;gh; - eWtpa jPa tpyq;fpd; rpyh;” (eP.tp-79) vd;fpwJ. fs;Sz;zhik fs;Sz;Zjy; vd;gJ rq;f fhyj;jpy; mwkw;w nrayhff; fUjg;gltpy;iy vd;gijg; gy ghly;fs; ,ak;Gfpd;wd. Mdhy; rkaq;fs; fs;Sz;zhikiaj; jkJ nfhs;iffshff; nfhz;bU;ejd. Vnddpy; fs;Sz;Zjyhy; mth;f;F kl;Lkpd;wp Rw;wj;jhUf;Fk; NfL tpisfpd;wd. kJthy; mope;j ,d;iwa FLk;gq;fNs mjw;Fr; rhd;whFk;. jpU%yh;> fhkKk; fs;Sz;zYk; fPo;r;nray;fshFk;. mit xOf;fkw;wthplNk cz;L. mj;jifa jPa gof;fj;jhy;


TdLm 152

mwpT nfl;Lg; NghFk;. mjdhy; NfL jUk; fs;is cz;zhky; ,iwtid epidf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh; jpU%yh;. ,jid> “ fhkKk; fs;Sk; fyjpfl;Nf MFk;” (jpU-326) vDk; ghly; vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. ,Nj fUj;jpidj; jphpfLfKk;> “ fykaf;fk; fs;Sz;L tho;jy; - nrhiyKdpe;J ed;ikapyhsh; njhop;y;” (jphp-39) ,g;ghly;> fs;Sz;L tho;jy; vd;gJ jPath;fs; nra;Ak; nray; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. kd;dDf;Fhpa mwk; ehl;il MSk; kd;dd; ePjpkhdhf tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;. kf;fspd; kdkwpe;J Ml;rp elj;j Ntz;Lk;. Nghh; GhptjpYk; mwj;ijg; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;. jpUke;jpuk;> kd;dd; ehs;NjhWk; mwnewpapy; Ml;rp Ghpatpy;iyahdhy; ehl;bNy kio nghopahky; NghFk;. kf;fs; mwpahik kw;Wk; tWikahy; Jd;gg;gLth;. murDk; nry;tk; Fiwe;J tUe;Jk; epiy cz;lhFk; vd;fpwJ. ,jid> “ ehs;NjhWk; ehLnfl %lk; ez;Zkhy; ehs;NjhWk; nry;tk; eugjp Fd;WNk” (jpU-326) vDk; ghly; Gyg;gLj;jpfpwJ. kd;dDf;Fhpa mwk; gw;wp jpUf;FwSk; “ KiwNfhb kd;dtd; nra;apd; ciwNfhb Xy;yhJ thdk; ngay;” (Fws;-559) vd;W vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. <ifawk; kdpjdhfg; gpwe;jtd; mwk; nra;J tho;tNj gaDila tho;thFk;. mwk; nra;tjhy; ,k;ik kWikf;Fk; gad; tpisAk;. mwk; nra;ahikahy; jPq;Nf te;jilAk;. jpU%yh;> vl;b kuj;jpYs;s gokhdJ fdpe;J cjph;e;J tpLk;. mJ cz;gjw;Fg; gad;glhJ. mJNghy ,uf;fkpy;yhjf; nfhbath; gpwiu tUj;jp Nrh;j;J itj;jr; nry;tj;ijj; jf;fth;f;Ff; nfhLj;J cjthtpby; mope;J NghFk; vd;fpwhh;. ,jid> “ Xl;ba ey;ywk; nra;ahjth; nry;tk; tl;bnfhz;L <l;bNa kz;zpy; Kfe;jpLk; gl;bg; gjfh; gadwp ahNu” (jpU-260) vDk; ghly; tpsf;FfpwJ. gFj;Jz;zy; gFj;Jz;zy; vd;gJ jkpohpd; gz;ghlhFk;. ,jid mwr;nray; vd;Wk; $wyhk;. ‘thba gapiuf; fz;lNghnjy;yhk; thbNdd;’ vd;W $wpa ts;syhh;> kf;fspd; grpahfpa gpzpiag; Nghf;FtijNa nfhs;ifahff; nfhz;L njhz;lhw;wpdhh;. czT vd;gJ kdpjDf;F ,d;wpaikahj xd;whFk;. Mjyhy; jpU%yh;> kf;fNs! fhf;ifahdJ czT cz;Zk; NghJ jhd; kl;Lk; jdpj;J cz;zhky; jdJ ,dj;ijAk; mioj;J Nrh;j;J cz;Zk;. mJNghy;> tUfpd;w tpUe;jpdiu vjph;ghh;j;J mtNuhL Nrh;e;J cz;Zq;fs; vd;fpwhh;. ,jid “ Ntl;if cilaPh; tpiue;J xy;iy cz;zd;kpd; fhf;if fiue;Jz;Zk; fhyk; mwpapNd” (jpU-256) vDk; ghly; czh;j;JfpwJ. fsTk; tQ;rfKk; gpwh; nghUisf; fth;tJ mwkw;w nrayhFk;. rq;f fhyj;jpy;> fsT nra;jth;f;Fj; jz;lidfs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sjhf ,yf;fpaq;fs; ,ak;Gfpd;wd. jpU%yUk; fsT gw;wpa fUj;ijj; njhptpj;jpUf;fpwhh;. kf;fs;> jhk; nra;Ak; nray;fis ahUk; ghh;f;ftpy;iy vd;W


TdLm 153

fUjp> gy tifahd fs;sj;jdkhd tQ;rff; nfhLikfisr; nra;fpd;wdh;. Mdhy; mtw;iwnay;yhk; ,iwtd; fz;L nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;> vd;gij mwpe;jth;fs; mj;jifa nray;fisr; nra;ahh;> vd;gij “ fz;fhzp ,y;nyd;W fs;sk;gy nra;thh; fz;fhzp ,y;yh ,lkpy;iy fhZq;fhy; fz;fhzp ahff; fye;njq;Fk; epd;whidf; fz;fhzp fz;lhh; fsnthope; jhNu” (jpU-2067) vd;w ghly; Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ. KbTiu kd;ddhdhYk;> jdpkdpjdhdhYk; mw toapy; xOf Ntz;Lkhdhy;> ahf;if epiyapy;iy vd;gij czh;e;J> nfhy;yhik Ghpe;J> Gyhy; cz;zhJ> gpwd;kid Nehf;fhky;> fs;Sz;zhky;> <if Ghpe;J> gFj;Jz;L> fsTk; tQ;rfKk; ePq;fp tho;jNy mwk; vd;gij ,f;fl;Liuapd; thapyhf jpUke;jpuk; typAWj;JfpwJ. NkYk; gy;yth; fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa gf;jp ,yf;fpakhd jpUke;jpuk;> ,iwtdplk; fhl;Lk; gf;jp newpia kl;Lk; $whky;> xU jdpkdpjd; tho;tpy; filgpbf;f Ntz;ba mwr; nray;fisAk; vLj;Jiug;gJ> jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; xU Gjpa jlj;ijf; fhl;LfpwJ.


TdLm 154

jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; $Wk; el;G mwk;

g. ee;jpdp

KJfiyj;jkpo; ,uz;lhkhz;L gr;rKj;J fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; kfsph; fy;Y}hp> jUkGhp

Kd;Diu cyfpy; el;G vd;gJ ,d;wsTk; mopf;f Kbahj epiyapNyNa cs;sJ. ,t;Tyfpy; md;G> fUiz> <if vd;gnjy;yhk; tho;f;ifapy; “caph;f;nfhLg;ghd; Njhod;” vd;w thrfj;jpw;F ,dq;f> ,d;W r%fk; ,aq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwnjd;why; mjw;F fhuzk; el;ghdJ vg;gb ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;> vg;gb ,Uf;f $lhJ vd;gijg; gw;wp Muha;tNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. mfuhjp tpsf;fk; el;G vd;gjw;F el;G - ez;G> Rw;wk;> Nfs;> njhlh;G> ez;gd;> ahopd;> ehd;fhk; euk;G> Nfz;ik> cwT> rpNefk;> Rw;wk; Mfpait el;G vd;gjw;F mfuhjp jUk; tpsf;fq;fs; MFk;. el;G Fwpj;J mwpQh; fUj;J “ el;gpy;yhj tho;f;if euk;gpy;yhj tPizg; Nghd;wJ” “ el;gpy;yhj tho;f;if rhl;rpapy;yhj rhT Nghd;wJ” - jkpoh;kzp ey;y el;G ey;y el;gpw;F milahsk; ve;j xU R+o;epiyapYk; jd; ez;gDf;F kdjstpy; $l jPq;F epidf;fhky; ,Ug;gtd; jhd; ez;gd; jPa newpfz; nry;thdhapd; mtid mjpypUe;J ey;topg;gLj;JjNy ey;y el;ghf fUjg;gLk;. ,jid> “ moptpd; mitePf;fp MWca;j;J moptpd;fz; my;yy; cog;gjhk; el;G” - Fws;.787. vd ts;Sth; Fwspd; top mwpayhk;. el;gpy; nghwhik vd;gJ fpilahJ. jd; ez;gdpd; Jd;gj;jpid jd;Dila Jd;gkhf vz;zp cjTgtd; ez;gd; mj;jifa rpwg;G tha;e;jJ el;G. ,jid> “ cLf;if ,oe;jtd; ifNghy Mq;Nf ,Lf;fz; fistJMk; el;G” - Fws;.788. vd ts;Sth; Fwspd; top mwpayhk;. ez;gh;fsplk; Kfkyh;r;rpNahL el;Gw gofNtz;Lk;. cs;nshd;W itj;J Gwnkhd;W NgRk; jd;ikia mwNt ePf;fNtz;Lk;. Njhw;wj;jpy; kl;Lk; Kfkyh;r;rpNahL ,y;yhky; kdjstpYk; Kfkyh;r;rpNahL gofNtz;Lk;. ,jid. “ eifeyk; el;lhh;fz; ee;Jk; ,we;J” - ehd;.g.24 vd tpsk;gpehfdhh; $w;wpd; top ek;khy; mwpaKbAk;. ,Nj fUj;jpid. “ Kfk;ef el;gJ el;gd;W neQ;rj;J mfk;ef el;gJ el;G” - Fws;.786. vd ts;Sth; top mwpaKbfpwJ.


TdLm 155

jdf;F Ntz;Lk; vd itj;Jf;nfhs;shky; gpwUf;F cjtNtz;Lk;. rhd;Nwhh; $Wk; ey;nrhw;fis Nfl;L mjd;gb elf;fNtz;Lk;. mt;thW rhd;Nwhh; top elf;f $batwJ el;ghdJ rpwe;jjhf ,Uf;Fk;. “ Nfhshsd; vd;ghd; kwthjd; ,k;%th; Nfshf tho;jy; ,dpJ” - jphpfLfk;.12. vd ey;yhjdhh; $w;wpd; top mwpaKbfpwJ. ey;y el;G nfhz;Ls;s ,UthpdpilNa jPa vz;zk; nfhz;l xUtd; tUthdhapd; mtdJ nrhy;ypid Nfl;L mt;tpUtUk; jdJ el;gpypUe;J tpofpf;nfhs;sf;$lhJ. NtWahUk; jk; ez;gh;fis gw;;wp Fiw $wpdhYk; re;Njfj;jpw;F ,lkspf;fhky; jkJ el;ig njhlu Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ey;yhjdhh;> “ FwisAs; el;gsT Njhd;Wk; cwtpdpa rhy;gpdpy; Njhd;Wk; FbikAk;” - jphpfLfk;.37. vd;W jd; E}ypy; ey;y el;gpw;F rhd;whff; $wpaikia mwpaKbfpwJ. ez;gh;fSf;Fs; xopT kiwT ,Uf;ff;$lhJ. cs;nshd;W itj;J Gwnkhd;W NgRjy; $lhJ. J}a el;gpw;F rhd;whf tpsk;gpehfdhh;> “ ngha;j;jy; ,Wtha; el;Gf;fs; nka;j;jhf” - ehz;.g.19. vd;W jk; ghlypd; top ,jid vLj;Jiuj;Js;sh;. ey;y el;gpy; rhjp> kjk;> ,dk; vd vt;tpj ghFghLk; ,y;yhkYk; nghpatd; rpwpatd; NtWghL ,y;yhkYk; gof Ntz;Lk;. ey;y el;gpw;F rhd;whf Nfhg;ngUQ;Nrhod;-gprpuhe;ijahh; ghh;f;fhky; el;G nfhz;l tuyhw;W nra;jpfisAk;> ghhp-fgpyh; el;igAk; rhd;whf $wyhk;. vijAk; vjph;ghh;f;fhky; ,Ug;gJ ey;y el;gpw;F moF. jPNahh; el;G vijAk; vjph;ghh;j;J goFtJ cz;ikahdel;gpw;F mofy;y. gaid vjph;ghh;j;J xUtUld; el;Gf;nfhs;tJ jPNahUld; nfhz;l el;ghFk;. “ cWtJ rPh;J}f;Fk; el;Gk; ngWtJ nfhs;thUk; fs;tUk; Neh;” - Fws;.813. ,Nj fUj;jpid> “ xl;bttpideyk; ghh;g;ghDk; ,k;%th; el;fg; glhm jth;” - jphpfLfk;.15. vd ey;yhjdhh; top mwpaKbfpwJ. kdjstpy; jPa vz;zq;fis itj;Jf;nfhz;L Kfj;jpy; kl;Lk; Gd;difia ntspf;fhl;LtNj rpwe;j el;ghfhJ. mj;jf jPavz;zk; nfhz;ltNdhL el;Gf;nfhz;lhy; Jd;gj;jpw;F toptFf;Fk;. “ eifaha efd;gpdhh; ehhpd;ik ,d;dh” - ,d;dhehw;gJ.8. vd fgpyh; $w;wpd; top mwpaKbfpwJ. jhd; jtwhd topapy; nrd;whYk; jdf;F ey;ywpTiufis $wp ey;topg;gLj;JgtNu rpwe;j ez;gd;. mijtpLj;J fLnkhop NgRjYk;> jPatopapy; mioj;Jr; nry;thdhapd; mtd; el;G Jd;gj;ijNa jUk;. ,jid> “ fLnkhopahsh; njhlh;gpd;dh ,d;dh” - ,.eh.3. vd fgpyh; $w;wpd; thapyhf mwpaKbfpwJ. vj;jifa R+o;epiyapYk; ez;gh;fsplj;J ngha;Aiuf;ff;$lhJ. mt;thW ngha;Aiuj;jhy; me;el;G njhluhky; ghjpapNyNa Kbe;JtpLk;@ vd;Wk; ,e;el;G epiyf;fhJ. ,jid> “ el;gpd; nfhOKid ngha;toq;fpd; ,y;yhFk;” - jphpfLfk;.83. vd ey;yhjdhh; $w;wpd; top mwpaKbfpwJ. ek; ngw;Nwhhplk; $l nrhy;y Kbahjij ek; ez;gdplk; nrhy;Nthk;. mr;nra;jpfis mtd; midthplKk; $Wthdhapd; mtDila el;G goFjy; Jd;gj;jpw;F toptif nra;Ak;. ,jid>


TdLm 156

“ ed;ik fhthj el;Gk; ngUikia” - jphpfLk;.g.55. vd ey;yhjdhh; $w;wpd; top mwpayhk;. ek;khy; xU nraiy nra;aKbAk; mJ cd;dhy; KbahJ fbdkhd nray; vd;W ek; jpwid Fiwf;Fk; Kaw;rpapy; <LgLtd; rpwe;j ez;gd; Mfkhl;lhd;. mj;jifatdpd; el;ig iftpLtJ ed;W. ,jid> “ xy;Yk; fUkk; clw;Wgth;Nfz;ik nrhy; Mlhh; Nruhtply;” - Fws;.818. ek;Kld; ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ ,dpikahfg; Ngrp ey;yhd; Nghd;W gofptpl;L gpd;> gyh; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; ek;ik gopj;J eifg;gtd; ez;gd; my;yd;. mj;jifa jd;ik cilatd; ek;NkhL gofpdhy; mtd; el;ig iftpl Ntz;Lk;. mtdplk; gofpdhy; mJ Jd;gj;ijNa jUk;. ,jid> “ vidj;Jk; FWFjy; Xk;gy; kidf;nfop, kd;Wy; gopg;ghh; njhlh;G” - Fws;.820. ts;Sth; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. el;G Muha;jy; “ epyj;jpay;ghd ePh;jphpe;J mw;whFk;” vd ts;Sth; ePh; vd;dpyj;Jld; Nrh;fpwNjh me;j epyj;jpd; jd;ikf;Nfw;g khwptpLk; vdf; $wpAs;sJ Nghy xUtd; ahUld; el;Gf; nfhs;fpwhd; vd;gJ nghUj;Nj mtd; jd;ik mikAk;. ey;NyhUld; nfhs;Sk; el;G xUtidr; rpwf;fr; nra;Ak;> jPNahUld; nfhs;Sk; el;G xUtid ngUk; Jd;gj;jpw;Fs;shf;Fk;. vdNt mj;jF el;ig Muha;e;J goFjy; Ntz;Lk;. xUtUld; el;Gf;nfhs;tjw;F Kd;Ng mtidg; gw;wp Muha;jy; Ntz;Lk;. el;Gnfhz;lgpwF> mJey;y el;ghf ,Ug;gpDk;> jPa el;ghf ,Ug;gpDk; me;el;gpypUe;J tpyf KbahJ. ,jid> “ ehlhJ el;lypd; NfL,y;iy el;gpd; tPL,y;iy el;ghs; gth;f;F” - Fws;.79. vd;fpw Fwspd; top mwpayhk;. ekf;F Jd;gk; tUjYk; xU tpjj;jpy; ed;ikNa> mg;NghJjhd; ek;NkhL goFk; ez;gd;> ey;ytdh> jPatdh vd MuhaKbAk;. ,jid> “ gopapd;ik kf;fshy; fhz;f xUtd; nfopapd;ik Nfl;lhy; mwpf” - ehz;kzp.64. tpsk;gpdhfdhh; ghlypd; top mwpayhk;. ,Nj fUj;jpid. “ NfbDk; cz;Lxh; cWjp fpisQiu ePl;b msg;gNjhh; Nfhs;” - Fws;.796. vd;fpw Fwspd;top mwpayhk;. Kbtiu ek;Kld; ,Uf;Fk; cwTfis ek;khy; Njh;T nra;aKbahJ. Mdhy; xU ey;y ez;gid ek;khy; Njh;e;njLf;f KbAk;. ,d;iwa r%fj;jpYk; el;G vd;gJ md;iwa ,yf;fpaq;fs; fhl;lf;$ba tifapNy ,Ug;gJ vd;gij ehk; kWf;fKbahJ. thdk;> fly;> G+kp Mfpait vg;gb vy;iyfle;J fhzg;gLfpwNjh> mJNghy ey;y el;Gk; vy;iyapy;yhky; ,Uf;Fk; vd;gjpy; vt;tpj IaKk; ,y;iy.


TdLm 157

ehl;Lg;Gw kf;fspd; ek;gpf;ifapy; mwptpay; rpe;jidfs;;;

Nfh.mdpjh

Kidth; gl;l Ma;thsh; muR kfsph; fiyf; fy;Y}hp fpU\;zfphp

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TdLm 158

vt;tsTj; jhd; mwptpay; tsu;r;rpfs; Vw;gl;lhYk; rlq;Ffspy; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLtjpy;iy etPd khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;lhYk; rlq;Ffs; khWtjpy;iy cjhuzkhf jpUkzr; rlq;fpy; khwhky; ,Ug;gJ eyq;F ,Ljy;> if epiwa fz;zhb tisay; mzpjy;> fhy;tpuy; nkl;b mzpjy;> jhypia fapw;wpy; fl;Lk; tof;fk; Nghd;wit khwhky; kf;fs; filgpbj;J tUfpwhu;fs;. vt;tsT trjp gilj;jhYk; kQ;rs; fapw;wpy;jhd; jhypfl;Lk; tof;fk; ehl;LGw kf;fspilNa fhzg;gLtjid fhzKbfpwJ. kf;fs; newpjtwhky; ele;J nfhs;tjid czuKbfpd;wJ. topghLfs; kdpj czu;Tfs; gythwhf tpupe;J ngUFk; fly; Nghd;wJ. kdpjdpd; czu;tiyfSf;F Xa;T ,y;iy njhd;ndLq; fhykhf khe;ju; jk; czu;tpy; ,iwik gw;wpa vz;zq;fs; Kfpo;j;Jf; fpisj;J fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mit ky;fpg;gy topghl;L czu;tpidAk;> gf;jpg; ngUf;fj;ijAk; kf;fspilNa tsh;e;jJ. ehl;Lg;Gw kf;fspd; xt;nthU nraYf;Fk; rka czh;T Jiz epw;fpd;wJ. ,e;j czh;tpd; ntspg;ghlhf ‘‘vidMSk;<rNd’’ vd;w kd czh;tpw;F kf;fis Mshf;fpaJ rka czh;Tfs;. ,iwtdpd; fUiziag; ngWtjw;Fk;> mtd; jpUtUs; mwpjw;Fk;> kdpjNdhL ,iwikf;Fs;s njhlHigr; Rl;lTk;> xdWg;gLtjw;Fk;> newpKiwahd tho;tpw;Fk;> Md;kPfr; rpe;jidf;Fk; topghL Kf;fpakhfpd;wJ. kdpjDf;Fk; kdpj epiyf;Fk; mg;ghw;gl;l Mw;wYk; fye;j czh;T rkaj;jpw;F tpj;jhf mikfpwd;wJ. rka czHT mwr;rpe;jid> ,iwtopghL Njhd;WfpwNjh mg;gbnay;yhk; Gdpj rkak; Nt&d;wp epw;fpd;wJ. topghl;lhy; ed;ik fpilf;Fk; vd;gJNt ehl;Lg;Gw kf;fspd; ek;gpf;ifahfpwJ. jdpg;gl;lth; tho;f;ifapYk; kf;fspd; $l;L tho;f;ifapYk; fhzg;gLk; gytiff; Fog;gq;fSf;F kdNk fhuzkhfpwJ mt;thW Vw;gLk; Fog;gq;fisg; Nghf;f kf;fs; topghLfis Nkw;nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. kdpjh;fs; cah;e;j Nehf;NfhL cs;sk;> ciu> nray;> mwpT> tpio Nghd;wtw;iw xUKfg;gLj;jp tho;f;ifia mikj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; kdpj tho;f;if Nkd;ik milfpd;wJ. kdpj tho;T cz;iktopghl;bd; topap;y; jq;fspd; cly;> nghUs;> Mtp Nghd;w ,iwtNdhL fye;JtUk; NghJ ,iwtd; kPJ gf;jp Vw;gLtij fhzKbfpwJ. ,iwtid topgLk; NghJ kf;fs; J}a;ikahfTk;> gff;jpAld;> tpujj;JlDk; ,Ue;J topghL nra;fpwhh;fs;. tpujfhyq;fspy; cs;sj; J}a;ikAk;> cly;J}a;ikahfTk; itj;Jf;nfhz;L topgLfpwhHfs;. Topghl;oy; VNjDk; Fiw ,Ug;gpDk; ek;ik flTs; jz;bj;JtpLthh; vd;w mr;rTzh;Tk; kf;fspilNa fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf kf;fs; cz;ikAld; ,iwtid topgLtjid fhzKbfpwJ. ,wg;G rlq;Ffs; cyf tho;f;ifapy; capUs;s midj;J [PtuhrpfSf;Fk; gpwg;G vd;w epfo;T ,Ue;jhy; ,wg;G vd;w epfo;T fl;lhakhf epfo;fpd;wJ. vtUk; vdf;F ,wg;Ng tuhJ vd;W $wTk; KbahJ mjdhy; kf;fs; gpwg;ig kfpo;r;rpahf Vw;f;Fk;NghJ ,wg;ig Jf;fj;NJhLk; Vw;fr; nra;fpwhh;fs;> Vnddpy; ,itjhd; cyfnewp vd;gjid kf;fs; czHfpwhHfs; ,wg;Gr; rlq;Ffspy; gytifr; rhjpapdhpilNa gof;f tof;fq;fs; khWgLfpwJ. xUth; ,we;jhh; vd;why; mth; ,aw;if va;jpdhH> ,iwtd; epHy; mile;jhH> gs;spg;gil va;jpdhH vd;nwy;yhk; $WtJ tof;fk; rpyh; Fwpg;gpl;l khjq;fs;> ehl;fspy; ,we;jhy; ey;yJ vd;W $Wfpwhh;fs;. (c.jh.) khh;fop khjk;> itFz;l Vfhjrp> jpUthjpiu Mfpa ehl;fspy; ,wg;G Nehpd; ey;yJ vd;W kf;fs; fhyk; fhykhf $wg;gLfpwhHfs; mNjNghy ,wg;gpd;NghJ ,we;jth;fspd; cwtpdh;fs; mjhtJ mg;gh> mk;kh> jk;gp> mf;fh MfpNahh;fs; Jf;fk; jhq;fhky; mOfpwhh;fs; mth; vd;ndd;d nra;jhh; vd;gij $wp Gyk;Gfpwhh;fs;. mtuth;fspd; ghtg; Gz;zpaq;fSf;F Vw;gj;jhd; ,wg;G mikfpwJ (c.jh) xUth; Chpy; jpUtoh ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ xUth; ,we;jhy;> mtUf;FnfhLj;J itj;jJ mt;tsT jhd; vd;W $Wthh;fs; fhuzk; me;ehl;fspy; mtUf;F nra;Ak; ,Wjprlq;fpy; nra;Ak; nray;fs; ahTk; KOikahf nra;ahky; miuFiwahf nra;J Kbg;ghh;fs;. ,e;epiy jw;fhyq;fspy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.


TdLm 159

rdpf;fpoikfspy; ,we;jhy; rdpgpzk; jdpahf NghfhJ vd;w gonkhopAk; fhzg;gLfpwJ mjid <Lfl;l ghilapy; Nfhopiaf;fl;btpl;Lg; gpzj;Jld; mijAk; Gijg;ghh;fs; my;yJ vhpj;J tpLtJ tof;fkhf fhzg;gLfpwJ. rhT tPl;by; xg;ghhpg; ghLtJ njhd;ikahf toq;fptUk; tof;fkhFk;. Xg;ghhpg; ghly;fspy; ,Ug;gthpd; tuyhWk;> ,Ue;jthpd; tuyhWk; $wp xg;ghhp itg;ghHfs; mt;thW xg;ghhp itf;Fk;NghJ xUngz; jd;jhia ,oe;J ,dp vg;gb ,e;j cyfpy; tho;ths; vd;gjid xg;ghhp ghlypy; ntspg;gLtjid fhzKbfpd;wJ mt;thW jd;jhia ,oe;j ngz; czHr;rpnghq;f mth; epiyia xg;ghhpapy; $Wifapy; ‘‘nea;Cl;b tsh;j;j cd; Nerj;ij ehd; kwNtd; ghy; Cl;b tsh;j;j cd; ghrj;ij ehd; kwNtd;

fs;sp epoyhr;Nr - ,dp vdf;F fz;lth;fs; jhahr;Nr Nty epoyhr;Nr ,dp vdf;F Ntz;bath;fs; jhahr;Nr’’

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KbTiu ehl;Lg;Gw kf;fspd; tho;f;if Kiwg;gw;wp $wg;gLfpd;wJ. mth;fspd; md;whl epfo;Tfs; gw;wpAk; mwpaKbfpwJ. ehl;Lg;Gw kf;fs;. fhyq;fs; vt;tsT khwpdhYk; mth;fspd; nfhs;iffspy; khWtjpy;iy. cz;ik cs;sj;NjhLk;> ek;gpf;iffisg; gpd;gw;wp mjd; topapy; tho;e;J tUtjid mwpaKbfpwJ. fhyk; khwptpl;lJ vd;gjdhy; ek;gpf;iffis kwf;fhky; gpd;gw;wp tho;fpwhHfs;. fhyj;jpw;Nfw;w khw;wk; Vw;gl;lhYk; gf;jpiaf; filgpbj;J ,iwtid tzq;fp epk;kjpahd tho;f;ifia tho;fpwhHfs;. kdepk;kjpf;fhfTk; Mya topghLfis kf;fs; Nkw;nfhs;fpwhHfs;. ‘‘kdpjdpd; ,Wjptho;f;if ,wg;G’’ me;j ,wg;gpd;NghJ jq;fspd; Jf;fq;fis xg;ghhpahfg; ghb Jf;fj;jpid ntspg;gLj;Jfpwhh;fs; ,t;thwhd mwnewpf;$Wfis ehl;Lg;Gw kf;fs; filgpbg;gjid ,f;fl;Liuapd; %yk; mwpag;gLfpwJ.


TdLm 160

ெச�தி ஊடகதிகான அறெநறி� ��க�

ரா.அ��மா� பதி� எ�: 18124011021005 �ைனவ� ப�ட ஆ�வாள� (ப�தி ேநர�) ெதாட�பிய��ைற , மேனா�மணிய� !தரனா� ப�கைல$கழக�,

அற� – விள�க�

அற� எ�றா� எ�ன? எ�ற வினா எ��பினா� அத�� விைட கா�ப� க�னமான�. அற� எ�ற ெசா�லி� ெபா�� எ�ன? ‘அ�’ எ�ற விைன�ெசா� அ�யாக� பிற!தேத ‘அற�’ எ�#� ெசா�. இ�ெசா�%&� அ�'�� ெச�, வழிைய உ�டா&�, உ�வா&�, ��, ேவ�ப)'� எ�ற பலவைக� ெபா��க� வழ+கி வ�கி�றன. இ'தைகய ெசா� ஆரா.�சியி� அ��பைடயி� அற� எ�#� ெசா�லி�� பி�வ�மா� விள&க� 0றலா�. மனித� தன&ெகன வைரய�'�& ெகா�ட ஒ�&க 3ைறகளி� ெதா�திேய 3�நிைற வ�வேம அற� எ�� 0�வ5. ‘பிறவிேதா�� மனிதைன� ப�றி&ெகா�) வ�� த6விைனைய எ)'ெத7வேத அற�’. அற� பறிய க ��க�

ந� 3�ேனா5 அற� எ�#� ெசா�லி�� த!��ள விள&க'ேதா) எதி&8 (Ethics) எ�#� ஆ+கில� ெசா�லி�� தர�ப)� ெபா�� விள&க� மிக9� ெபா�!�வதாக உ�ள�. ந�ல ம�� த6ய ெசய�க� :ல� தாேன ெவளி�ப)� ம&க;ைடய நட'ைதைய� ப�றிய ஆ.விய� கைலேய “எதி&8” எ�பதா��. இைத தமிழி� அறவிய� எனலா�. எதி&8 எ�#� ெசா� கிேர&க ெமாழி� ெசா�லா��. 3த� 3தலி� இ�ெசா� பழகி�ேபான நட'ைத, வழ&க�, மர< எ�#� ெபா��கைளேய உண5'தி வ!த�. பி�ன5 நட'ைத எ�#� ெபா�ேள ேபா�ற�ப>ட�. ஒ�&க'ைத& �றி�பி)� Moral எ�#� ஆ+கில� ெசா�%� பழ&க வழ&க� எ�#� ெபா�ைளேய �றி'த�. இதனா� மனித நட'ைத �றி�பி>ட ஒ� ச3தாய'தி� வா�� ம&க� வழ&கமாக& ெகா�;� 3�ைவேய ஒ�&கமாக& (Morality) ெகா�டன5 எ�ப� <லனாகிற�. அற�தி� அ��பைட

ெசய%&� அ��பைடயாக இ��ப� எ�ணமா��. எ�ண� ?.ைமயாக இ�!தா�தா� ெசா�%� ெசய%� ?.ைமயாக அைமய 3�@�. எ�ண� எ�வத�� இ��பிடமாக உ�ள மன� மாA இ�லாததாக இ�&க ேவ�)�. மன'தி� மாசிைன� ேபா&�வத�� 3ய%வேத அறமா��. மன மாA எ�ப� யா�? மன மாசிைன� ேபா&�வ� எBவா�? ெபாறாைம, ேபராைச, ெவ�ளி, க)Cெசா� ஆகியைவ மனமாAகளா��. அைவ இ�லாம� இ��பேத அற�.


TdLm 161

ஊடக அற�

உலகி� எ!த :ைலயி� எ� நட!தா%� அைத ம&க;&� ெகா�) வ!� ேச5&�� பைட�ேப ஊடக�. ெச�ல 3�யாத ப�திகளி%� ஊ)�வி உ�ைமைய உலக'�&� ெத7ய�ப)'�கி�ற ப+கிைன ஊடக+க� ஆ��கி�றன. உலகி� நட!த ப�ேவ� அரசிய� மா�ற+க�, <ர>சிக�, ேபா5க�, ேபா5நி�'த�, ச:க மா�ற� ஆகியவ�றி�� ேநர�யாகேவா, மைற3கமாகேவா ஊடக+களி� ப+� மிக 3&கியமான�. ம&களி� வாEவிய� ஊடக+களி� ப+� தவி5&க 3�யாததாகிவி>ட�. ெச.தி, க�வி, கலா�சார�, வணிக�, விைளயா>), ெபா��ேபா&�, ேவளா�ைம என பலதர�ப>ட பய�கைள ம&களிட� ெகா�) ேச5&கி�ற� ஜனநாயக�தி� நா�� க�:

1. பாரா;ம�ற�> ச>டம�ற� 2. அரA நி5வாக� 3. ந6திம�ற� 4. ப'தி7&ைக�ைற

ஜனநாயக'ைத அத� 3�ைமயான ெபா�ளி� பா�கா&க9�, நிைலநி�'த ெச.ய9� 3&கியமான ெபா��< இ!த நா�� அைம�<க;&�� இ�!தா%� ஊடக+க;&� ச�� 0)தலான ெபா��< உ�ள�. ஊடக பணிக�, ெபா �!க�

ஊடக+க;&� எ�� சில பணிக;�, ெபா��<க;� உ�ளன. அவ�றி� அ��பைடயாக ெகா�) இய+�வேத ஊடக அறமா��. ெச#தி $க%திற�

ஊடக� ெச.திக� கிைட&�� இட'திைன Gக5!� அதைன ெப�� ஆ�ற� ெப�றி�&க ேவ�)�, ெச.திகைள க�ட9ட� அவ5கள� :&� விய5&க ேவ�)�. ெச.தி உ�;ண59 எ�ெபா�� விழி'தி�&க ேவ�)�. ெச#தியி� உ�ைமைய த த(

ெச.திகைள ச7யாக9�, ��லியாமாக9� உ�ைம த�ைம மாறாம� த�கி�ற ப�பிைன ெகா��&க ேவ�)�. எைத@� த�#ைடய க�'�கைள உ><�'தி உ�ைம நிைல அறியாம� ெச.தியாக ெவளியி)வ� தவறா��

விைரவாக ெசய(ப*த(

ஊடக� விய&க'த&க வைகயி� விைரவாக� ெசய�பட ேவ�)�. ஒ� நிகE9 நட!த9ட� அ!நிகEைவ �றி'த ெச.திைய ம&களிட'தி� அ)'த ெநா�கேள ெகா�) ேச5&க ேவ��ய கடைமைய ெகா�)�ள� ஊடக�.


TdLm 162

ந*நிைல ேநா��

ஊடக� தனி�ப>ட வி��<, ெவ��<க;&� ஆ>பட&0டா�. ந)நிைலயாக இ�!� ெச.திகைள ெகா)&க ேவ�)�. ெசா!த க�'�கைள உ><�'த&0டா�. ெச.தியி� 3&கிய'�வ'ைத மா�றேவா, திைசதி��பேவா, சாய+க� Hசேவா 0டா�. ேந%ைம

ஊடக� மிக ேந5ைமயாக நட!� ெகா�ள ேவ�)�. ெச.திக� இ�லாத இட'தி� ெபா.யான ெச.திைய உ�வா&��, கிைட'த ெச.திைய ேவ�)ெம�ேற ெவளியிடாம� <ைத'� வி)வேதா இதழிய� அறமாகா�. ெதளிவாக . � ஆற(

எதைன@� ெதளிவாக எ)'�ைர&�� ஆ�ற� ெப�றி�&க ேவ�)�. ெச.தியி� ெதளி9 இ�&க ேவ�)�. ெச.தி ேசக7&கி�ற ெபா�� ெதளிவாக விவர+கைள ேக>டறிய ேவ�)�. ெச.தியாகி�ற ெபா�� ெதளி9 ேதைவ. ச3தாய, சமய� ெச.திகைள திர>� ெகா)&�� ெபா�� மர<கைள மாறாம� அறி!தி�&க ேவ�)�. ச0ட ெதளி1

எ�ப��ப>ட ெச.திகைள ெவளியி>டா� ச>ட�ப� ��றமாகிவி)� எ�பைத அறி!தி�&க ேவ�)�. ச>ட'ெதளிவி�றி எைத@� ெச.தியாக ெகா)'தா� தவறான உதாரணமாக அைம!�வி)�

தனிநப% ெச#தி ஒ� தனி�ப>ட நப5 �றி'த ெச.திைய ெவளியி)� ேபா� மிக கவன� ேதைவ. வி��< ம�� ெவ��< காரணமாக தனிநபைர விம5சன� ெச.� ெச.தி ெவளியி)த� 0டா�. ெப�க� �றி�த ெச#தி பாலிய� வ�ெகா)ைம ெச.ய�ப>ட அ�ல� ெப�ைண தவறாக சி'த7&�� ெச.திைய ந6திம�ற வழிகா>)தலி� ப� ெச.தியாக ெவளியிட ேவ�)�. ெப�கைள பாதி&�� ப�யாக ெச.திகைள ெவளியிட&0டா� எ�ப� ஊடக+களி� கடைமயா��. த0� ேக0�� த�ைம

எ+� தவ� நைடெப�றா%� உடன�யாக த>� ேக>�� த�ைம@ட� ஊடக� ெசய�பட ேவ�)�. அ�பணி!� ெசய�பட&0டா� எ�பேத ஊடக அறமா��

2�1ைர

தனி மனித#&� எ�ப� அற ஒ�&க� மிக 3&கியமானைவயாக உ�ளேதா அேத ேபா�� ஊடக'தி�� அற� மிக 3&கியமானைவ, அற� தவறினா� ேந5ைமயாக ந)நிைலயாக ஊடக� இ�&க3�யா�, ஊடக� ெசய�ப)வத�� எ�� சில அறெநறிகைள வ�'��ளன5, அவ�றி� ப� ெசய�ப)வ� ஊடக'தி� 3த�ைமயான கடைமயா��. உதவிய3(க�

1. ேசாமெல, தமிE இதEக� , ெச�ைன�ப�கைல&கழக�, ெச�ைன

2. எ�.ெச�ைலயா, ெச.திக�, பழனிய�பா பிரத58 , ெச�ைன

3. மாபா.��சாமி, இதழிய� கைல, ேத�ெமாழி பதி�பக�, தி�)&க�


TdLm 163

Ke;ePH tof;fk; kf^cNthL ,y;iy

KidtH Nt. rz;Kfk;

cjtpg; NguhrpupaH> jkpo;j;Jiw> jpU nfhsQ;rpag;gH muR fiyf;fy;Y}up (epiy 1) tpUj;jhryk;

mwpKfk; cyfpy; cs;s kf;fspilNa ehfupfk; tsHe;j epiyapy; gy;NtW ,df; FOf;fs; Njhd;wpd. mt;tifapy; Njhd;wp>flyhy; #og;gl;l ,t;Tyfj;jpy; cs;NshH midtuhYk; Nghw;wg;gl;l caupa gz;ghl;Lf;F cupatHfs; jkpoHfs; vdpy; m/J kpifad;W. cyf kf;fs; gyUk; ,d;wstpYk; caupa gz;ghl;il va;jhJtPNz ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy;> gd;ndLq;fhyj;jpw;Fk; Kd;Ng caupa gz;ghl;Lf; $Wfisj; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;l ngUikf;F cupatHfs; jkpoHfs.; mtHjk; mfk;> Gwk;rhHe;j tho;tpay; newpfspy; capupDk; Nkyhd xOf;fj;ijg;Nghw;wpdH.,t;tifapy; jkpoHfspd; tho;tpay; mwq;fSs; xd;whf kjpj;Jg; Nghw;wg;gl;l“Ke;ePH tof;fk; kf^cNthL ,y;iy”. vd;Dk; caupa newpia> MSik kpFe;j ngz;ghj;jpuq;fspd; topepd;W tpsf;Fk; Kfj;jhd; ,e;j Ma;Tf;fl;Liu mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ Ke;ePH Ke;ePH vd;Dk; nrhy;Yf;F Mw;W ePH> Cw;W ePH> kio ePH Mfpa %d;iwAk; Fwpf;Fk; nghUs; cz;L. vdpDk>; fly; vd;Dk; nghUspNyNa Kd;NdhHfshy; ,r;nrhy;yhl;rp ifahsg;gl;L te;Js;sJ.,t;tifapy;

“Ke;ePH tof;fk; kf^cNthL ,y;iy” 1 vd;W njhy;fhg;gpaUk>; “Koq;FKe;ePH KOtJk; tis,g; gue;J gl;l tpad; Qhyk;”;2 vd;W GwehD}Wk; Ke;ePH vDk; nrhy;iyf; fly; vd;Dk; nghUz;ikapNyNa Fwpg;gpLtijf; fhzKbfpd;wJ. Ke;ePH tof;fk; kf^cNthL ,y;iy goe;jkpo; kf;fs; ahtUk;mfk;> Gwk; Mfpa ,uz;L epiyfspYk; mwk; rhHe;j tho;itaiyNa capupDk; Nkyhdjhff; nfhz;L xOfpdH. mtHfSs; Mz;kfd; nghUsPl;LtijNa jiyahd flikahff; nfhz;ltd.; ngz;zhdts;> fztd; mjhtJ jiytd; <l;b te;j nry;tj;ij jd; FLk;gj;jpd; tUtha;f;Fj; jf;f tifapy; gad;gLj;jp ,d;gj;ijAk; mwj;ijAk; Nkk;gLj;jpf; FbNahk;gy; nra;ths;.,jid>

“tpidNa MltHf;F capNu thZjy; kidAiw kfspHf;F MltH capH” 3

vDk; FWe;njhifapd; ghlyb njspTgLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,t;tifapyhd fw;G rhHe;j>gz;gl;l tho;tpay; epiyapy; jiytd; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; MW

tifahdg; gpupTfspy; jiytd; ve;j tifahd gpupthapDk;>fhypDk; fyj;jpDk;nrd;whYk;; jiytpapd;; ghJfhg;G cs;spl;l eyd;fisf;fUjp mtis ,y;ypy; ,Uj;jpj; jhd; kl;LNk gpupit Nkw;nfhs;thd;. ,q;Ff; fhypDk; vd;gjw;F ele;Jk;> gwe;Jk;> fhw;Wntsp rhHe;j topnad;Wk; nfhs;s ,lKs;sJ. Mjyhd; kz;Zyfj;jtH> tpz;Zyfj;jtH vd;wg; ghFghbd;wpj; jiytd; vj;jF jd;ikauhf ,Ue;jhYk;;>Ke;ePuhfpa ePH top (rPij> Gdpjtjp)>


TdLm 164

epytop (jkae;jp)>Mfak; rhHe;j topahfpa vt;topahapDk; (fharz;bif)>jiytpiaj; jd;Dld; mioj;Jr; nry;Yk; tof;fk; ,y;iy. jiykf;fs; fld; gz;ila fhyk; njhl;L %jhijaH top te;j nry;tj;ij EfHjy; vd;gJ jiy kf;fSf;F cupa xOf;fk; md;W. mtutH tUtha; top epd;W> ,y;ywkhfpa ey;ywj;ij Nkw;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. %jhijaH NrHj;J itj;j nry;tj;jpw;F ,isa jiyKiwapdH ghJfhg;ghsH jhNkjtpu>nryT nra;tjw;F cupatH my;yH. mt;thW ,d;wp caHe;NjhH itj;j nry;tq;fis mjhtJ re;jjpf;F cupa nry;tq;fisj;jhNd cz;ghHfshapd;> mtHfs; capNuhL ,Ug;gpDk; ,Ue;jtHfshfNt fUjg;gLthHfs;.,jid> “cs;sJ rpijg;NghH cs;sJ rpijg;NghH

csH vdg;glhH” 4 vd;w FWe;njhifg; ghlyb njuptpf;fpd;wJ. tpidNa MltHf;F capH Mjyhy;>Mw;W ePH> Cw;W ePH> fly;ePH Mfpa %tifahd ePH topapd; fz;Zk;> jiytpiaf;fhypDk;>fyj;jpDk;; mioj;Jr; nry;tJ vd;gJ $lhJ. ,e;epiyapy; jiytpia cld; nfhz;L ngaUk; #oy; Vw;gbd;> md;gpd; NkyPl;lhy; cupa fhuzj;ijf; $wpg;gpuptpidj; jtpHj;jy; kpf ed;W. jiytd; tpidNky; nry;Yk;NghJ jiytp vt;tifapYk; ,ilaPL nra;tij tpLj;J> “fw;Gk; fhkKk; ew;ghy; xOf;fKk; nky;ypay; nghiwAk; epiwAk; ty;ypjpd; tpUe;J Gwe;jUjYk; Rw;wk; Xk;gYk; gpwTk; md;d fpoNths; khz;Gfs;” 5 vDk; njhy;fhg;gpa tpjpg;gb> capupDk; Nkyhd fw;Gnewpiag; Nghw;wp xOf Ntz;Lk;. khwhf> ngz;bH vf;fhuzk; nfhz;Lk; gpuptpy; cld; nry;tJ ed;ikf;F cupajd;W vd;gjw;Ff; fz;zfp>rPij>fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahH>jkae;jp> fharz;bif cs;spl;l MSik kpFe;j ngz;ghj;jpuq;fs; rhd;Wfshf cs;sd. Ke;ePH tof;fpy;fz;zfp Nrho ehl;L kd;dDf;F ,izahd nry;tr; nropg;Gila Fyj;jpy; gpwe;j Nfhtyd; kw;Wk; fz;zfpapd; ,y;yw tho;tpd; njhlf;fk; cyfj;Js;NshH ahtUk; tpaf;Fk; tz;zk; rpwg;ghf mike;jJ. vdpDk; fiy MHtyd; Nfhtyd; khjtpapd; kPJ nfhz;l nfhs;ifahy; kiy Nghd;W ,Ue;j epjpf;Ftpay;fis ,oe;jhd;.fz;zfp> fztdpd; fUj;jwpe;J ele;jhNs jtpu> Nfhtyid khjtpapd; kidapd;ghy; nry;yhky; jLj;J epWj;jp ed;ndwpg;;gLj;Jk; jd;ik ,y;yhjtshdhs;. Nfhtyd; khjtpNahL kdk; khWgl;L kPsTk; jd;dplk; te;j NghJk; fz;zfp> fhty;jhNd ghitaHf;F moF vDk; epiyapy; ey;y Fykfshf ,Ue;J nfhOeidg; Ngzpdhs;.nry;tq;fis ,oe;j epiyapy;>Ke;ePH tof;fk; kf^cNthL ,y;iy vd;gij mwpe;j epiyapYk; vOnfd vOe;j fz;zfp NfhtyNdhL ghz;baehL GFe;jhs;.cld;nfhz;L ngaUk; ,j;jifa nryT Jd;gj;ijj; jUk; vd;gij czHj;j Kad;w ,sq;Nfh> itia vd;Dk; ngha;ahf; Fyf;nfhb fz;zPiu kiwj;Jg; g+thil mJNghHj;jp Xbdhs; vd;W $wpaJk;> ghz;badpd; kjpy; kPjpUe;j nfhb thuy; vd;gd Nghy kwpj;Jf; iffhl;baJvd;W $wpaJk;,j;jifa gpupT jtnwd;gijr; Rl;bf;fhl;LtdthfNt cs;sd. gz;ila tpjpfis kPwpg; nghUsPl;Ljy; Ntz;b> itiaiaf; fle;J ghz;ba ehl;bw;Fr; nrd;w fz;zfpapd; tho;T nrhy;nyhzhj; Jauj;ij mile;jjid Nehf;Fk;NghJ gz;ila tpjpahfpa Ke;ePH tof;fk; kf^c NthL ,y;iy vDk; tpjp kjpf;fj;jf;fjhf cs;sJ

Ke;ePH tof;fpy;rPij kpjpiy khefupy; rdf kfhuhrdpd; kfshfg; gpwe;jts; rPijahthH. jpUkfspd; tbtk; nghUe;jpa rPjhg;gpuhl;bf;F itNjfp> ikjpyp> rpiwapUe;j nry;tp vd;Dk; NtW ngaHfSk; cz;L. fhHKfpy; g+j;J tuptpy; Ve;jp te;jijg; Nghd;W te;J cjpj;j fhHNkftz;zd;> uhkd;


TdLm 165

tpy;iy xbj;J eq;ifaUs; ey;yhshfpa rPijia kze;jhd;. ,y;ywk; ey;ywkhfj; jpfo;e;jJ.md;id ifNfap tpLj;j Vtyhy; ,uhkd; fhNlf Ntz;bajhapw;W. md;gpd; kpFjpahy; jiytidg; gpupa ,ayhj rPij>“gpupjiyf; fhl;bYk; capH nry;Yjy; eyk;”6vDk; caupa Nehf;Fld;>

“ g+tpilg; gbDk; ahz;Lfope; jd;d ePUiw kfd;wpw; GzHr;rp Nghyg; gpuptup jhfpa jz;lhf; fhknkh LlDapH NghFf” 7

vDk; FWe;njhifg; ghlypd; jiytpiag; Nghy>“mupNj fhjyHg; gpupjy;"8vd;gij czHe;J ,uhkgpuhDld; fhdfk; nrd;whs;.Ke;ePH tof;fk; kf^c NthL ,y;iy vd;Dk ; gz;ila newpia kwe;J> md;gpd; NkyPl;lhy; gpuptpy; cld;gl;l epiyapy; jiykf;fs; ,UtUk; kpFe;j Jd;gj;ij mile;jdH. jiykf;fs; mile;j Jd;gj;ij>

“jhij Vtypd; khJld; Nghfpf; fhjyp ePq;ff; fLe;Ja Uoe;Njhd;” 9

vDk; ,sq;fhtbfspd; ghly; mbfs; njspTgLj;jf; fhzyhk;. Ke;ePH tof;fpy; kf^c jdpj;Jg; gazpj;jy; fhiutdk; vd;Dk; rpw;W}upy; jdjj;jd; vd;ghd; kfshfg; gpwe;jtH GdpjtjpahH MthH. ,sikj;Jbg;Gk;> kapy; md;d rhaYk; nfhz;l Gdpjtjp mtHjk; nry;tk; epiyf;Fj;jFe;j Fbapy; gpwe;j gukjj;jid kze;J ,dpNj ,y;ywk; elj;jp te;jhH. ey;ywpTk;> ew;Fzq;fisAk; xUq;Nf nfhz;bUe;;j GdpjtjpahH> mbahH xUtH jd; ,y;yj;jpw;F te;jpUe;j epiyapy; mbahHf;F mKJ jahuhf ,y;yhj fhuzj;jhy;;; khq;fdpfspy; xd;iwf; nfhz;Lte;jJ mKJ gilj;J mfk; kfpo;e;jhH.; khq;fdpfspd; thapyhfg; Gdpjtjpahupd; nja;tj;jd;ikia czHe;j gukjj;jd; jd; ,y;ypy;;; ,Ue;J thohJ> tzpf Nehf;fj;ijf; fhuzk; fhl;bg; Gdpjtjpiaj; jtpHj;Jr; nrd;whd;. cwtpdHfs; top gukjj;jd; mofpa kJiu khefuhfpa gioa gjpapy; tho;fpwhd; vd;gij mwpe;J fztid ehbr; nrd;whH Gdpjtjp. GfhupypUe;J fztid ,oe;j nghUis kPl;f itiaiaj; jhz;bg; gazpj;j fz;zfpiag; Nghy> Gdpjtjpfztid kPl;f Ntz;b GfhupypUe;J itiaiaf; fle;J kJiuia Nehf;fpg; gazpj;jhH. ,g;gazj;jpw;F Kd;dH fztH gukjj;jd; ,Uf;fpd;whd; vd;w epiy ,Ue;jJ. GdpjtjpAk; Ke;ePH tof;fk; kf^cNthL ,y;iy vd;w gz;ila tpjpiaf; fle;j epiyapy; gukjj;jidf; fz;lhs;;. MapDk; fztidj; jdf;F cupatdhff; nfhz;lhspy;iy. mtNdhL ,d;Gw;W thOk; epiy mtSf;F tha;f;ftpy;iy gz;ila jkpoH kuG vd;gJ ngz;fs; ,y;ypy; ,Ue;J xk;GtNj my;yhy; kw;wpy;iy. fztDld; te;j fz;zfpapd; tho;tpy; fLe;JaH tpise;jijg; Nghy> ,y;ypy; ,Ue;J tpUe;J Xk;gTk; fztd; Ntz;LNk vd;W fztidj; Njb itia Mw;iwf; fle;J te;j Gdpjtjp fztidf; fz;Lk;> fztd; kPz;Lk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;shj epiyapy;> ngz;iz tpl Nga; cUtk; Nky; vd;W Ntz;bg; ngw;w epfo;tpd; JizAld;Ke;ePH tof;fk; kf^cNthby;iyvd;gjd; cl;nghUis ,yf;fpaq;fs; topahfg; nghUj;jpf; fhzKbfpd;wJ Ke;ePH tof;fpy;; tpj;ahjuHfs; fharz;bif fharz;bif vd;ghs; xU tpj;ahjug; ngz;. mts; jd; fztd; kUjNtfd; vDk; fhQ;rdDld; ,e;jputpohitf; fhz Ntz;bg; GfhH efUf;F te;jpUe;jhs;. tpoh epfo;Tfspy; jd;id kwe;j epiyapy; fharz;bif>tpUr;rpf KdptH cz;gjw;F itj;jpUe;j ehty; fdpia mwpahky; kpjpj;Jr; rpijj;Jtpl;lhs;. me;j ehty; fdp tpaf;fj;jf;f jd;ikaJ. gd;dpuz;L Mz;LfSf;F xUKiw fha;f;Fk; jd;ikaJ. mj;jifa mw;Gjk; tha;e;j ehty; fdp rpijf;fg;gl;lijf; fz;L ntFz;L vOe;j KdptH> gd;dpuz;L Mz;Lfs; fLe;jtk; ,Ue;j ehd; mf;fdpia cz;z ,Ue;j epiyapy; eP me;jf;fdpiar; rpijj;J tpl;lha;. Mjyhy; mLj;j


TdLm 166

gd;dpuz;L Mz;Lfspy; vd; jtk; Kbe;J grpahdJ jPUk; tiuapy>; ePAk; jPuhg; grp Nehahy; tUe;Jthahf vd;W fLnkhop tpLj;jhH. tpoh epfo;Tfisf; fhz te;j ,lj;jpy;fharz;bif rhgk; ngw;w epiyapy;> mtspd; fztd; kUjNtfd; ,r;rhgk; jPUk; tiuapy; eP Gwefupy; ,Ug;ghahf>gd;dpuz;L Mz;Lfs; fopj;J ehd; tUfpd;Nwd; vd;W $wp tpl;L; NkYyfk; nrd;whd;. fharz;bif Kdptupd; rhgj;jhy; 12 Mz;Lfs; ahidg;grp vd;Dk; jPuhj grp Nehapdhy; tUe;jNtz;bajhapw;W. Ke;ePH tof;fk; kf^c NthL ,y;iy vd;gJ fz;zfp> rPij> jkae;jp cs;spl;l khDlHfSf;F tFf;fg;gl;l mf ,yf;fzkhapDk;> tpz;Zyfpy; ,Ue;Jg; GfhH efuk; te;j kUjNtfDf;Fk; mtd; kidtp fharz;biff;Fk; nghUe;jpNa mike;Js;s jd;ikiaf; fhzKbfpd;wJ. njhFg;Giu • goe;jkpo; kf;fs; ahtUk;mfk;> Gwk; Mfpa ,uz;L epiyfspYk; mwk; rhHe;j

tho;tpaiyNa capupDk; Nkyhdjhff; nfhz;L xOfpdH. mtHfSs; Mz;kfd; nghUsPl;LtijNa jiytd; flikahff; nfhz;ltd.; ngz;zhdts;> fztd; mjhtJ jiytd; <l;b te;j nry;tj;ijj; jd; FLk;gj;jpd; tUtha;f;Fj; jf;f tifapy; gad;gLj;jp ,d;gj;ijAk; mwj;ijAk; Nkk;gLj;jpf; FbNahk;gy; nra;ths; vd;gjid ,yf;fpaq;fspd; thapyhf mwpe;Jnfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ.

• gz;ila jkpoH kuG vd;gJ ngz;fs; ,y;ypy; ,Ue;J xk;GtNj my;yhy; kw;W tho;T ,y;iy vd;gjidf; fz;zfp> rPij> jkae;jp cs;spl;lf; fjhg;ghj;jpuq;fs; thapyhfj; njspTgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

• gz;ila tpjpfis kPwpg; nghUsPl;Ljy; Ntz;bf; fhypDk;> fyj;jpDk; itiaiaf; fle;J ghz;ba ehl;bw;Fr; nrd;w fz;zfpapd; tho;T nrhy;nyhdhj; Jauj;ij mile;jjid Nehf;Fk;NghJ gz;ila tpjpahfpa Ke;ePH tof;fk; kf^cNthby;iy vDk; tpjp kjpf;fj;jf;fjhf cs;sJ

• fztidj; Njb itia Mw;iwf; fle;J te;j Gdpjtjp fztidf; fz;Lk;> fztd; kPz;Lk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;shj epiyapy;> ngz;iz tplg; Nga; cUtk; Nky; vd;W Ntz;bg; ngw;w epfo;tpd; JizAld; Ke;ePH tof;fk; kf^cNthby;iy vd;gjd; cl;nghUis ,yf;fpaq;fs; topahfg; nghUj;jpf; fhzKbfpd;wJ

• Ke;ePH tof;fk; kf^c NthL ,y;iy vd;gJ fz;zfp> rPij> jkae;jp cs;spl;l khDlHfSf;F tFf;fg;gl;l mf ,yf;fzkhapDk;> tpz;Zyfpy; ,Ue;J kz;Zyfk; te;jtHfSf;Fk; nghUe;jpNa mike;Js;s jd;ikiaf; fhzKbfpd;wJ.

• tpidNa MltHf;F capH Mjyhy;>Mw;W ePH> Cw;W ePH> fly;ePH Mfpa %tifahd ePH topapd; fz;Zk;> jiytpiaf;fhypDk;>fyj;jpDk;; mioj;Jr; nry;tJ vd;gJ $lhJ. ,e;epiyapy; jiytpia cld; nfhz;L ngaUk; #oy; Vw;gbd;> md;gpd; NkyPl;lhy; cupa fhuzj;ijf; $wpg;gpuptpidj; jtpHj;jy; kpf ed;W vd;gJ MSik kpFe;j fjhg;ghj;jpuq;fspd; thapyhfj; njspTgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

rhd;nwz; tpsf;fk; 1. njhy;fhg;gpak;>E}.980 2. GwehD}W> gh. 18.1 3. FWe;njhif> gh. 135 4. FWe;njhif> gh.283 5. njhy;fhg;gpak;> E}.1098 6. FWe;njhif> gh. 32:6 7. FWe;njhif> gh. 57 8. ew;wpiz> gh.5:7 9. rpyg;gjpfhuk;> CHfhz;fhij> mbfs;.46-49


TdLm 167

jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; $Wk; milf;fyk;;;

Nfh. kPdh

KJfiyj;jkpo; ,uz;lhkhz;L gr;rKj;J fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; kfsph; fy;Y}hp> jUkGhp

Kd;Diu milf;fyk; vd;gJ ,y;iy vd;W jd;id ehb tUgth;fSf;Fk;> MjuT mw;wth;fSf;Fk; MjuT mspg;gNj milf;fyk; MFk;. mj;jifa milf;fyk; Fwpj;J Ma;tNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. milf;fyk; milf;fyk; jkpoh;fsplk; fhzg;gLk; Kf;fpag;gz;ghL MFk;. cw;whh;-cwtpdh;fisAk;> Ciu tpl;L tUgth;fSf;Fk; ,Uf;f ,lKk;> cz;z czTk;> nfhLj;J cgrhpg;gJ ek;Kila jkpoh; gz;ghL MFk;. jiytidAk;> jiytpiaAk; Kjd;ik fij khe;juhf nfhz;L jkpo; gz;ghl;by; ,yf;fpa cyfj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;ba rpwg;G rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpw;F cz;L. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; milf;fyk; gRf;fis ghJfhj;J mitfis guhkhpj;J mtw;why; gadile;J mg;gaid kw;wth;fSf;Fk; je;J tho;gth;fs; ,ilah;. mg;gbg;gl;l ,ilah; Fyj;jpy; gpwe;jts; khjhp. ,g;gbg;gl;l md;Gk; fUizAk; cs;s khjhpaplk; fTe;jpabfs;> tzpff; Fyj;jpNyNa mjpf nry;t nropg;Gkpf;f khrhj;Jthdpd; kfs; fz;zfpiaAk;> mNj tzpff; Fyj;jpy; nry;t nropg;G kpf;f khehaf;fdpd; kfd; NfhtidAk; milf;fyg; gLj;jpdh; vd;gij> “cilg;ngUQ; nry;th; kidg;GFk; msTk; ,ilf;Fy kle;ijf;F milf;fyk; je;Njd;” - rpyk;G. milf;fyf;fhij.130. rpyg;gjpfhuk; ,t;tbfis tpsf;fp epw;fpd;wJ. ,itAk;> ngWtjw;F mhpa ngz;zhfpa fz;zfpia milf;fyk; nfhLj;jjhy; khjhp ngWk; kfpo;r;rp mile;jhs;. fz;zfpia ,ilah; ,Uf;Fk;,lj;jpy; jq;fitf;fhky; kpfg; nghpa ge;jy; mikj;J Xh; mofpa tPl;by; jq;f itj;jhs; vd;gij> “ehe;J}z; eq;ifNahL ehs;topg; gLtk; mbrpy; Mf;Ftjw;F mike;j ew;fyq;fs;” - rpyk;G.nfhiyf;fsfhij. ,g;ghly; thpfs; %yk; milf;fyk; nfhLj;j ,lj;jpy; jd; fztDf;fhf Nehd;G ,Ue;J czT rikj;jij $Wfpd;wJ. Fuq;Ff;if thdtd; rhayd; vd;gtd; gyUf;F cztspj;jhd;. vy;NyhUk; czt mUe;jpdh;. mg;NghJ me;j Chpy; cs;s Fuq;F xd;W te;J khjtdpd; ghjq;fis tzq;fpaJ. khjtd; cz;L itj;j vr;rpiyAk;> jz;zPiuAk; grpia Nghf;Ftjw;fhf rpwpJ mUe;jptpl;L khjtdpd; Kfj;ijg; ghh;j;J kfpo;r;rp mile;jJ. ghrj;jhy; khjtd; mf;Fuq;fpd; kPJ md;Gf; nfhz;lhd; vd;gij> “vl;b rhayd; ,Ue;Njhd; jdJ gl;bdp Nehd;gpfs; gyh;GF kiyapy;” - rpyk;G.nfhiyf;fsfhij.165. ,g;ghlypd; %yk; me;j tPl;Lj; jiytpia mioj;J ,e;jf; Fuq;ifAk; cd; kf;fisg; Nghy ghJfhg;gha; vd;Wf; $wpdhh;. mth; $wpa rj;jpa thh;j;ijia kPwhky; me;jf; Fuq;ifAk; milf;fyk; nfhLj;jhs;. ,jpy; ,Ue;J Ie;jwpT gilj;j tpyq;fpidAk; milf;fyk; jUk; gz;G mf;fhy kdpjhpilNa ,Ue;jij mwpaKbfpwJ.


TdLm 168

Gwhtpd; milf;fyk; fztid ,oe;jf; fz;zfp ePh; xOFk; fz;fSld; ghz;ba kd;ddpd; Kd;Nd te;J epd;whs;. mjw;F mg;ghz;ba kd;dd; eP ahh; vd tpdtpdhd;. cz;ik njhpahj kd;dNd! nrhy;Yfpd;Nwd; Nfs;. ,jo;fspy;yhj rpwg;gpid cilatuhd ,ikatUk; tpag;gilAkhW “rpgp rf;uth;j;jp” vd;Dk; nrq;Nfhy; fiyahj ghz;ba kd;dd;> Ntld; xUtd; Gwhit mk;gpdhy; jhq;fp mij fhag;gLj;jpdhd;. mbg;gl;l Gwhitg; ghh;j;j ghz;ba kd;dd; kdk; tUe;jp jd; jirg; gFjpia mWj;J Jd;gg;gLk; Gwhtpd; fhypy; fl;b mjw;F milf;fyk; nfhLj;jhd;. ,jid> “ Njuh kd;dh! nrg;GtJ cilNad; vs;sW rpwg;gpd; ,ikath; tpag;G Gs;SW gz;Gfs;....................” - rpyk;G> tof;Fiw fhij.50) ,g;ghlypy; Ie;jwpTf; nfhz;l gwitf;Fk; milf;fyk; nfhLf;Fk; gz;G ek;khy; fhzKbfpwJ. gRtpd; milf;fyk; jd; fd;wpid ,oe;jg; gR “kDePjpr; Nrhodpd;” muz;kid thapypy; fl;lg;gl;L ,Ue;j Muha;r;rp kzpia ,iltplhJ mbj;Jf;nfhz;L ,Ue;jJ. mg;gRtpd; Jauj;ij Nghf;f vz;zp> mg;gRtpd; Jd;gj;jpw;Ff; fhuzkhd jdJ xNu kfid Njhpd; rf;fuj;jpy; (gRtpd; fd;iw kDePjpr; Nrhodpd; kfd; Njhpd; rf;fuj;jhy; ,bj;Jf; nfhd;Wtpl;lhd;) ,l;Lf;nfhd;whd;. “thapw; filkzp eLeh eLq;f Mtpd; filkzp cFePh; neQ;Rlj; jhd;jd; mUk; ngw;w Gjy;tid....................” - rpyk;G-tof;Fiu fhij.55. vd;gij mj;jifa rpwg;Gkpf;f ehl;by; gpwe;jts; fz;zfp. tpyq;fpdkhd gRitAk;> gwitapdkhd GwhtplKk; $l ,uf;fk; fhl;Lk; FzKilath;fshd kd;dth;fs; tpsq;fpa nra;jpia ,jd;top mwpaKbfpwJ. fk;guhkhaz milf;fyk; ,uhtzdpd; jk;gp tpgpld;. mtd; ,uhkdplk; milf;fyj;jpw;fhf ehbr; nry;fpd;whd; tpgpld;. Mdhy; jq;fs; vjphpahd ,uhtzpd; jk;gpf;F milf;fyk; jUtijg; gpbf;fhj mDkd;> Rf;hPtd;> ePyd; ,ij kWj;jdh;. ,tw;iwAk; kPwp ,uhkd; jd;id ehb te;j tpgplDf;F milf;fyk; nfhLj;jhd;. ,jid> “jOtpdh; epd;w fhiyj; jhikf; fz;zd; jq;fs; KOKjw; Fyj;jpw;Nfw;w Kiwikah Xtif%s” - fk;guhkhazk;-Muz;afhz;lk;. ,g;ghlypd; %yk; jd; vjphpahf ,Ue;jhYk; jd;id ehb te;jth;fSf;F milf;fyk; nfhLj;;jhd; ,uhkd;. ,jd;%yk; milf;fyj;jpd; rpwg;igf; czuyhk;. thypapd; cld; gpwe;jtd; Rf;hPtd; xU ehs; jd;Dila mz;zdpd; kpul;lYf;F gae;Jnfhz;L Rf;hPtd; jd;id fhg;ghw;WkhW jd;Dila Fuq;F ,dj;Jld; ,uhkid jQ;rk; milfpd;whd;. “md;dtpj; jifa thatWjpfs; ahT Nkq;Fk; gpd;dtw; fpsk;gp epd;w Ngnuop yhid Nehf;fp kd;dth;f; furd;.................” - fk;guhkhazk;-thyptijg;glyk;.383. ,tw;wpd; %yk; Fuq;fpdkhf ,Ue;jhYk; jd;id ehb tUk; vtuhf ,Ue;jhYk; ,y;iy vd;Wf; $whky; mth;fSf;F milf;fyk; je;J cjTk; kdg;ghq;F nfhz;l ,uhkdJ milf;fyj;jd;ik ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. nghpaGuhz milf;fyk; rptdbahh;fSf;F jpUXL nra;J nfhLf;Fk; gzpapid nra;Ak; Fatuhd jpUePyfz;lh; tho;e;J te;jhh;. ,thpd; gf;jp jpwj;jpid Nrhjpf;f rptd; xUe hs; Fathplk; xU jpU Xl;bid ghJfhg;ghf itj;jpUf;f nrhy;yptpl;L nrd;Wtpl;lhh;. rpy ehl;fSf;Fg; gpd;dh; rptd; me;jpU Xl;bidf; Nfl;f> Fath; itj;j ,lj;jpy; mj;jpU Xl;bidf;fhztpy;iy. ,r;nra;jpapid


TdLm 169

rptdplk; $w> vd;Dila jpU Xl;bid jpUk;g jUkhW $wpdhh;. mjwF gjpyhf jpUePyfz;lh; jhd; nghd;dhy; Md NtnwhU jpUNthl;bid jUtjhf $wpdhh;. mij kWj;j rptngUkhd; mNj jpUXLjhd; vdf;F Ntz;Lk; vd;W gpbthjk; nra;jhh;. ,y;iy vdpy; ePAk;> cd; kidtpAk; Fsj;jpy; ,wq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpaij> “nrhy;iyr; rptd; jpU Mizjd; J}k;nkhop Njhs; eirahy; xy;iyj; Jwe;J cU.......” - jpUj;njhz;lh; njhif. ,g;ghlypd; %yk; xU milf;fyg;nghUshd jpUXl;bid jd;dhy; ghJfhg;ghf itj;Jf;nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy vd;gij czh;e;J jpUePyf;fz;lh; jd; kidtpAld; jhDk; Fsj;jpy; ,wq;fp capiuAk; tplj; Jzpe;jhd; vd;gJ ntspgLfpwJ. jpUePyf;fz;liug; Nghd;W rptdbahh;fspd; Jzpia Jitj;Jf; nfhLf;Fk; gzpapid nra;J te;jhh; jpUFwpg;Gj;njhz;lh;. ,thpd; md;ig cyfwpar; nra;a rptngUkhd; jpUTsk; nfhz;lhh;. Fsph; fhyj;jpy; rptngUkhd; eLq;Fk; clNyhL> mOf;fhd cilazpe;J ehadhh; tPl;bw;f;F vOe;jUspdhh;;. ehadhh; mtiu tzq;fp ck;Kila Milia nfhLj;jhy; mij mOf;F ePf;fpj; jUNtd; vd;whh;. rptdbahUk; ‘,J fe;ijahdhYk; FspUf;F MjuthdJ. vdNt mOf;F ePf;fp gj;jpukhf jpUk;gpf; nfhLk;’ vd;whh;;. ehadhUk; mt;thilia Jitj;J fhaitj;jpUe;jhh;. mr;rkak; ngUk; fhw;wpdhy; mt;thil Ks;spd; kPJ gl;Lf; fpope;Jtpl;lJ. rptngUkhd; me;j Milia Nfl;f> mJ Ks;spd; kPJ gl;Lf; fpope;Jtpl;lJ> mjw;F gjpyhf NtnwhU Milia jUfpNwd; vd;whh; ehadhh;. mij kWj;j rptngUkhd; vdf;F mNj Miljhd; Ntz;Lk; vd;W gpbthjk; gpbj;jhh;. ,jid> “fe;ij Gilj;jpl vd;Wk; fw;ghiw kpirj; jiyiar; rpe;j vLj;J vw;Wtd; vd;W mize;J nrOk;..............” nghpaGuhzk;-jpUFwpg;Gj;njhz;lh; ehadhh;.1207. ,g;ghlypd; %yk; jd;dplk; nfhLj;j milf;fhyg; nghUshd Jzpia ghJfhg;ghf itj;Jf;nfhs;s Kbahjepiyia mwpe;j jpUFwpg;Gj;njhz;lh; ghiwapd; kPJ jd; jiyia Kl;bNkhjp capiuAk; tplj; Jzpe;Jtpl;lhh;. murh;fshdhYk;> Gyth;fshdhYk; jd;dplk; milf;fykhf te;j nghUspid ghJfhj;J mjd; rpwg;gpid cyfwpar; nra;J tho;e;J te;jdh;. ,jpy; Fiwfs; Vw;gbd; jd; capiuNa kha;j;Jf;nfhs;Sk; epiyia jhq;fshfNt Kd;te;jdh; vd;w nra;jpahdJ jpUFwpg;Gj;njhz;lh; top mwpaKbfpd;wJ. KbTiu milf;fyj;jpd; rpwg;ig czh;e;j ek; Kd;Ndhh;fs; cah;jpiz> m/wpiz vd;w NtWgLj;jpg; ghh;f;fhky; midj;J caph;fSf;Fk; milf;fyk; nfhLj;jdh; vd;gij mwpe;Jf;nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ. ek; vjph;fhy re;jjpapdh; jd;id ehbtUk; milf;fyg; nghUis jk; caphpDk; Nkyhdjhf vz;zp ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk;. “jtj;Njhh; milf;fyk; jhd; rpwpajhapDk; kpfg; Nghpd;gk; jUk;” ,g;ghlypy; jtKilNahh; jUfpd;w milf;fyg;nghUs; kpfr; rpwpaNj MapDk;> gpd;G mJ kpfg;nghpa Nghpd;gj;ij jUk; vd;gij czh;e;J milf;fyj;jpd; rpwg;ig ,f;fl;Liuapy; $Wg;gl;Ls;sJ.


TdLm 170

ehd;kzpf;fbif $Wk; mwnewpfs;

K.%h;j;jp

fy;tpapay; fy;tp> lhf;lh; ehfuj;jpdk; fy;;;tpapay; fy;Y}hp> ky;Y}h;

Kd;Diu jdpkdpjdpd; tho;Tk; rPuhf ,aq;fj; jdpkdpjd;> filgpbf;f Ntz;ba xOf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapyhd newpKiwfs; my;yJ filikfs; mwk; vdyhk;. mj;jifa thpirapy; ehd;kzpf;fbifapy; fy;tp> xOf;fk;> tpUe;Njhk;gy;> <if> Gfo;> ,y;ywk>; el;G> murdpd; eLepiyik> nry;tk;> FbapUg;G> tPLNgW> jPik> tWik> rpdk; nfhs;shik vy;yhk;; fw;wtd; ahUkpy;iy Nghd;w mwf;fUj;Jf;fis cyf kf;fspd; ey;tho;Tf;F vLj;jpak;GtNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. fy;tp fy;tp mwpT vd;gJ jpwikia fw;gpg;gjd;; %yk;; ghpkhw;wk;; nra;ag;gLtJ. fy;tp cly;> kw;Wk; kd tsh;r;rpapy; mwpT> ey;;nyhOf;fk;;;; Mfpa kjpg;Gld; tsh;f;f cjTk; xU r%f mikg;G kl;Lky;yhJ gz;ghL> Nghd;wtw;iw je;J xU KOikahd kdpjdhf khw;wk; mila nra;fpwJ. cah;njhopy;> jpwd;fs;> kdk; newpKiw Nghd;w tsh;r;rpia rKjha tsh;r;rpapy; gq;Fg; ngwnra;tJ fy;tpNa MFk; xUtDf;F fy;tp mwpT ,y;iy vd;why;> kpfg;nghpa mit $bapUg;gpd; mit ghohfptpLk;. kdpkdpjd; fy;tp fw;fhtpby; ,g;gpwtp vLj;Jk; gadpy;yhj ntWk; CDclk;igf; nfhz;ltd; vd;w fUj;jpid ehd;kzpf;fbif jdJ ghly;topahf nkhoptjhtJ “el;Nlhiu ,d;ik ,Ue;j mitf;Fg;gho;; %j;Njhiu ,d;ik jiff;Fg;gho; fw;wwp tpy;yh clk;G” (eh.k..22) fy;tp mwptpy;yhjtd; vj;jifa cah;Fbapy;; gpwe;J ,Ug;gpd;; mts;; kjpg;ig ,og;ghd; vd;gjid ntw;wpNtl;if “ehs;ghy; Fyj;jpd; Nkw;ghy; xUtd; fw;wpyd; Mapd; fPo;,Ug; gtNd” (nt.Nt.37) vj;jifa cah;Fbahtpd; fy;tp mwpT ,y;yhjtd; fPohdtdhfNt kjpf;fg;gLthd; vd;w fUj;ij ntw;wpNtl;if kf;fs; Kd;dpiyg;gLj;JfpwJ. <if xd;iw Ntz;Lgth;fSf;F mth; Njitia mwpe;J ,y;iynad;W $whky; nfhLg;gJ <if. “ ;<tJ tpsf;Nfy;” vd;W Mj;jpr; ;#bapy; xsitahh; $Wfpwhh;. ehd;kzpf;fbifapy; <if gw;wp mwf;fUj;ij “kwf;fsp kd;dh;Kd; Njhd;WQ; rpwe;j mwf;fdp ,y;yhjhh;f; fPlGKd; Njhd;Wk;” kpf;f <iffspg;G vd;gJ twpath;fl;F ,y;iynad;W $whky; nfhLg;gJ <if vdg;gLk;. ,jid jpUts;Sth;; $WtjhtJ. “ <if twpahh;f;nfhd;W <tNj <ifkw; nwy;yhk; Fwpnajph;g;ig ePu” twpath;f;F xU nghUisf; nfhLg;gNj <if vd;gij jpUts;Sth; thapyhf mwpag;gLfpwJ.


TdLm 171

tpUe;Njhk;gy; tpUe;Njhk;gy; vd;gJ tpUe;jpdh; kw;Wk; mayh; MfpNahUf;F ,ilapyhd cwT mjhtJ caph;fSf;F Mjutspf;Fk; Fzj;ijf; nfhz;lJ. tpUe;jhspfs;> me;epah;fs; MfpNahiu tuNtw;W mth;fs; kdk; kfpOk;gb tpUe;J cgrhpj;jiy Fwpf;Fk;. ,j;jifa tpUe;Njhk;gy; gz;gpid ehd;kzpf;fbif $WtjhtJ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fyk;gug;gp ehd;D}l;l ee;Jk; tpUe;J (e.k.63) ,iyia tphpj;J ,dpikahf cwtpdh;f;F tpUe;jspf;f kdk; kfpo;tha; vd;gij moFg;gl ,ak;GfpwJ. tpUe;Njhk;gy; gz;ig cyfg; nghJkiwahd jpUf;Fwspy;; “tUtpUe;J itfYk; Xk;Gthd; tho;f;if gUte;J gho;gLjy; ,d;W” tpUe;jpdiu ehs;NjhWk; tuNtw;W kfpo;gthpd;; tho;f;if Jd;gg;gl;L nfLtjpy;iy vd;gijj; jpUf;Fws; thapyhf mwpaKbfpwJ. ,y;ywk; ,y;ywk; vd;gJ kidtpAld; $bthOk; xOf;fk;. ,y;ywk; vd;whNy <if> Rw;wj;jhiug; NgZjy;;> nghiwAilik Nghd;wtw;iw cs;slf;fpajhFk;. ,y;ywj;ijg; gw;wp ehd;kzpf;fbif ghly;fspy; ciuf;fpd;wJ. “ . . . . . . . . . . . . tifAilg; ngz;,dpJ Ngzp topg;Gd; - gz;,dpJ” (eh.k.39) mzq;;;fy; tzq;fpd;W ngz; m/jd;W (eh.k.91) fztUf;F epfh;; flTSk; ,y;iy vd;W fztidNa nja;tnkd;;W Nghw;Wk; kidahspd;; nraNy rpwe;j mwkhFk; ,jid jpUts;Sth;> “nja;tk; njhohms; nfhOed; njhonjOths; nga;nadg; nga;Ak; kio” (jp.F. 55) nja;tj;ijj; njhohky; jd; fztid tzq;;fpdhy; nga; vd;W nrhd;dhy; kio nghopAk; vd;W kidahspd;; rpwg;ig jpUts;Sth; ciuf;fpd;whh;. jPar;nrhw;fs; jPar; nrhw;fs; vd;gJ xUtDf;F jPq;F nra;tijf;fhl;bYk; gyh; Kd; jPa nrhw;fshy; tQ;rpg;gJ nfhLikahdJ mj;jifa #oiy ehd;kzpf;fbif fPo;f;fz;lthU $WfpwJ “tLr;nrhy; eakpy;yhh; tha;Njhd;Wk; fw;whh;thar; rhapDe; Njhd;wh fwg;Gr;nrhy; - jPa gug;Gr;nrhy; rhd;Nwhh;tha;j; Njhd;wh fug;Gr;nrhy; fPo;;fs;tha; Njhd;wp tpLk;. md;gpyhjth; thapy; gopnrhw;fs;; gpwf;Fk;> fw;wth; thapy; tQ;rid nrhw;fs;; gpwf;fhJ> gopr;nrhw;fs;;; Nky;kf;fs; thapy; gpwf;fhJ> khwhf fPo;kf;fs; thapy; gpwf;Fk; ,f;fUj;jpid ePjp newptpsf;fj;jpy;> “ed;kf;fs; nre;ehj;; jOk;gpUf;f ehs;thAk;;; nre;newpe; nry;;thhpd; fPoy;yh; - Kd;idj;jk; Co;typ cd;dpg;; gopehzp; cs;Silthh; jPa nrapDQ; rpy” Nky;kf;fs; jtWnra;J ,Ue;jhYk; Ke;ija nra;j ed;ikfshy; mth;fspd; Nkd;ik jd;ikapy; ,Ue;J jho;e;Jtplkhl;lhh;fs; vd;gJ ,e;E}ypd; thapyhf mwpayhk;.


TdLm 172

el;G el;G Njhoik> rpNdfk;; vd;gJ ,UtUilNa Vw;gLk; Xh; cwthFk;. ez;gh;fs; jq;;fspd; jdpg;gl;l tpUg;G ntWg;Gfis kwe;J xUtiu xUth; mDrhpj;Jr; nry;;thh;fs;;. mj;jifa ,ay;ghd cwtpid tpsk;gpehfdhh; jdJ ghlypy;> “md;Ndnad;; NwhLq; Fotp rpiyg;gpDk; xl;lhhh; eLq;Fk; tpidnra;;ahh; xl;lhh;” (eh.k.25) ez;gd; jtW nra;apd; rpde;J ciwf;Fk;NghJ mtUf;F eLq;Fk;gb jPait nra;a khl;lhh;. mNjNghy; Ke;ija ,Ue;j ez;gd; eQ;R nfhLg;gpd; mij njhpe;jhYk; nghUl;gLj;jhky; eQ;Rz;lh; vd;gij ew;wpid “Kw;if ,Ue;J el;Nlhh; nfhLg;gpd; eQ;Rk; cz;gh; eDehhPfh;” (ew;. 32. fgpyh;) fgpyh; jdJ ghly; topahf el;gpd; Moj;ij Gyg;gLj;Jfpwhh;. tPLNgW tPLNgW vd;gJ jPatpidia xopj;J ,iwtd; mb Nrh;jyhFk;;. gpwg;Gk; ,og;Gk; kdpjDf;F toptopahfj; Njhd;WtjhFk;. ,we;J kPz;Lk; gpw;Fk; gpwtp Jd;gj;ijj; jFk;.; mjid ePf;fp nrhh;fj;ij miltJ tPLNgW vdg;gLk;. ,j;jifa tPLNgiw ehd;kzpf;fbif. “ . . . . . . . . . . . . . – nkd;nrhypd; ehtpdhy; MFk; mUs;kdk; mk;kdj;jhd; tPtpyh tPlha; tpLk;. xUtd;; nkd;ikahd Ngr;Rfshy; ,uf;ff;Fzk; milfpwhd;. mjdhy; mf;F zj;jhy; nrhh;f;fk; vDk; tPLNgiw milfpwhd; vd;gij ehd;kzpfbif %yk; mwpaKbfpd;wJ. Fbgpwg;G xU kdpjdpd; kdj;jpy;; cs;s <uj;jd;ikia> ed;ikia itj;J mtdpd; Fbg;gpwg;gpd; Nkd;ikia mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;;. xUtdpd;; mUs;nray;fshy;; mtdJ Fbg;gpwg;G cah;fpwJ vd;gij ehd;kzpf;fbif mfpw;fl;il fs;spkuj;jpd; eLtpy; Njhd;Wk; mhpfhuk; khd; tapw;wpy;; Njhd;Wk;> Kj;Jf;fs; flypy; gpwf;Fk;> mitNghy; ey;y kf;fs;; gpwf;Fk; Fbia mtuth;;; mwr;nray;fshNy gpwf;Fk; vd;W ehd;kzpf;fbif $Wfpd;wJ. “fhw;wpy; gpwe;jik ngUkpjj;jpd;; mupg” vd;;w ghly; xUtdpd; Fbg;gpwg;G mtdpd; ngUkpjr; nray;fs; fhl;b epw;Fk; vd;W nghUSiuf;fpwJ. jdpkdpj milahskhf mtdpd; Fbgpwg;G tpsq;fpdhYk; mJ ntspg;gLtJ mtuth; nray;fshy; jhd; vd;w fUj;J ,d;iwf;Fk; nghUe;Jtdthf cs;sJ. nfhy;yhik rq;ffhyj;jpy;; itjpf rkaj;jpy; xw;W Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ caph;f;nfhiy. rq;f kUtpa fhyj;jpy; rkzh;> ngsj;jh;fshy; caph; nfhiy Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;lJ. mj;jifia fUj;ij Kd; itf;Fk; Kaw;rpapy;; ehd;kzpf;fbif “,dpJz;gh ndd;ghd; caph;nfhy;yh; Jz;ghd;;;”. ed;whf cz;gtd; vd;w nrhy;yg;gLgtd; ve;j capiuAk; nfhy;yhky;; cz;z Ntz;Lk; vd;gij czh;j;JfpwJ. mNjNghy; ,d;dh ehw;gjpy;;. “Cidj; jpd;W Cid ngUf;Fk; Kd; ,d;dh” xU capiuf; nfhd;w jd; cly;; vilia ngUf;FtJ Fw;wk; vd;W ,e;ehw;gJ tpsf;FfpwJ. midj;Jk;; fw;wth;fs; ahUk; ,y;iy ,t;Tyfpy;; kdpjd;; fw;ff;$ba fiyfs;; ey; ,ay;Gfs;> mwptpay;> ,yf;fpak; Nghd;witfis vtUk;; KOikahf fw;ftpy;iy> mjidg;gw;wp $Wtjhf ehd;kzpf;fbif. xUt dwpthDk; vy;yhk; ahnjhd;Wk; xUt dwpah jtWk; xUtd; Fzd;; mlq;ff; Fw;wK dhDk; xUtd;


TdLm 173

fztd; mlq;ff; fhw;whDk;; ,y;. “fw;wJ ifk; kz;zsT fy;yh Jyfsntd;W” ,t;thpfspy; xsitahh;; $wpaJ Nghy; ,t;Tyfpy; midj;Jk; fw;wth;fs; vtUkpy;iy vd;gJ Gyg;gLfpwJ. KbTiu vj;jifa cah;Fbapy; gpwe;jtdhf ,Ue;jhYk; fy;tpfw;ftpy;iy vd;;why; FbapUg;gpwg;G kq;fp ntWk; Cidr; Rke;J epw;Fk;; kiyahfNt fUjg;gLthd;> NjbtUk; twpath;f;F ,y;iynad;W $whky; mth;fSf;F Njitahd nghUisf;nfhLj;J cjTk; <ifj; jd;ikg; gw;wpAk;> jd;tPl;il ehbtUk; tpUe;jpdh;fis Kfkyh;r;rpAld; tuNtw;W mth;fspd; kdk; Nfhzhj tifapy;; mth;fspd;; tapw;W grpapidg; Nghf;fp; cgrhpf;Fk;; kdg;ghd;ikg;gw;wpAk;;> ez;gid eQ;irf; nfhLj;jhYk; kWf;fhky; cz;Zk; Njhoikapd; czh;itg; gw;wpAk;> gpw caph;fisf; nfhy;yhky; md;G nrYj;Jk; kdg;ghd;ikiag; gw;wpAk;> ,y;yj;jpw;Fhpa ew;Fzq;fisg; gw;wpAk;;> tpsk;gp;ehfdhh; jhd; ,aw;wpa ehd;kzpf;fbifapy; vOj;Jf;$Wtjd; %yk; mwpaKbfpwJ.


TdLm 174

‘xU rpW ,ir’ rpWfijapy; mwf;fUj;Jf;fs;

rp.ee;jpdp Kidth; gl;l Ma;thsh;> muR kfsph; fiyf;fy;Y}up;> fpU~;zfphp.

Kd;Diu fy;ahzRe;juk; vDk; ,aw;ngaiuf; nfhz;l tz;zjhrd;. fy;ahz;[p vd;w ngahpYk; ftpijfis vOjp tUfpwhh;. ney;iyiar; rhh;e;j tz;zjhrd; ,yf;fpathjpAk;> rhfpj;jpa mfhlkp tpUJ ngw;wtUkhd jp.f.rptrq;fudpd; kfdhthh;. fle;j 1962 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; rpWfijfis vOjp tUk; tz;zjhrd; fiyf;f Kbahj xg;gidfs;> rkntsp> fdpT> eLif ngah; njhpahky; xU gwit Nghd;w Vuhskhd rpWfijfis vOjpAs;shh;. Gjpjhf vOj;jhsh;fshf tUgth;fs; tz;zjhrdpd; E}y;fis gbf;f Ntz;;Lk; vd;W ftpQh; R[hjh ghuhl;baJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,tuJ vOj;J Nritiag; ghuhl;b jkpof muR fiykhkzp tpUJ toq;fp fTutpj;jJ. NkYk;> ,yf;fpar; rpe;jid tp~;ZGuk; tpUJ xspapNy njhptJ vd;w rpWfijf;fhf R[hjh tpUJ cs;spl;l gy;NtW tpUJfis ntd;wth;. jw;NghJ vOj;Jj;Jiwapy; cahpa tpUjhd rhfpj;a mfhlkp tpUjpid 2016-k; Mz;Lf;fhd xU rpW ,ir E}Yf;fhfg; ngw;Ws;shh;. ,j;njhFg;gpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s ‘xU rpW ,ir’ rpWf;fijapy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s mwf;fUj;Jf;fis tpsf;Ftjhf ,f;fl;Liu mikfpwJ. ‘mwk;’ nrhy;ypd; nghUs;: mwk; vd;Dk; nrhy; ‘mW’ vd;Dk; Kjdpiy tpidiaf; mbahfg; gpwe;jJ. mW vd;gJ jPtpidia mWg;gnjdg; nghUs;gLfpwJ. ts;Sth; jd; Fwspy;> ‘kdj;Jf;fz; khrpyd; Mjy; midj;jwd; MFy ePu gpw’ (Fws; - 34) xUtd; jd; kdjpy; Fw;wk; ,y;yhjtdhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; mwk; mt;tsNt kdj;J}a;ik ,y;yhj kw;wit Muthuj; jd;ik cilait mtw;iw mwkhff; nfhs;skhl;lhh;fs;. mwk; vd;gjw;F ifauk;> fUkk;> ePh;ik> E}w;gad;> ehd;fpndhd;W> nghpNahhpay; gpndhd;W vd;W jkpo; nkhop mfuhjp(g.vz;154) e.fjpiuNtw;gps;is nghUs; $Wfpwhh;. NkYk; mwk; vd;gjw;F ‘,y;ywk;’ Jwtwk; vd ,UtifAk; $Wfpwhh;. ,y;ywk; nfhLj;jYk;> kspj;jYk;> NfhlYk;> ,d;ikAk;> xOf;fk;> Gzh;jh;> Gzh;e;Njhh; Ngzy; kw;witAk; JwtwkhtJ. JwTk;> mlf;fKk;> J}a;ikAk; jtOk; mwptpidNahk;gYk; kwtpid kWj;jYk; gpwTkhk; vd;W tPuNrhopak; $Wtjhf mgpjhd rpe;jhkzp g.vz;.108. rp.M. rpq;fhuNtY Kjypahh; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. njhy;fhg;gpah; nghUspaypy;> “fhkk; rhd;w filf;Nfhl; fhiy> Vkk; rhd;w kf;fnshL Jtd;wp mwk; Ghp Rw;wnkhL fpotDk; fpbj;jpAk; rpwe;jJ gapw;wy; ,we;jnjd; gaNd” (njhy.ngh. 51) ,e;E}w;ghtpy; nghUSf;fhfj; jiytpiaAk;> FLk;gj;ijAk; gphpe;J nry;Yk; jiytd; jpUk;gp te;J jd; Foe;ij> kidtp> kf;fNshLk; Nrhe;J tho;tijNa rpwe;jJ vd;W njhy;fhg;gpah; $Wtjhf nj.QhdRe;juk;> nrd;idg; gr;irag;gd; fy;Y}hp Muha;r;rpf; fl;Liu E}ypy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. mw ,yf;fpa rpwg;Gfs; ‘epjpE}y; gapy;’ vd;whh; ghujpahh; jkJ Mj;jp#bapy; “mwk;> nghUs; ,d;gk; tPL miljy; E}w;gaNd” vd;gJ jz;bayq;fhu E}w;gh jkpo; ,yf;fpak; KOtJNk mw ,yf;fpak; jhd;. rq;f


TdLm 175

,yf;fak;> fhg;gpaq;fs;> mwE}y;fs;> rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs;> Guhzq;fs; vd;nwy;yhk; gy gphpTfs; ,Ue;jhYk; mitahtw;wpd; mbr;ruLk; mwk; vd;gijf; Fbf;Fk;. rhd;whf jkpod; rpwg;ig vLj;Jf;$w fgpyh;> FwpQ;rpg; ghl;by; Mhpa murd; gpufj;jDf;F $WtjhtJ. rk];fpUj kugpy; vz;tif kzq;fs; $wg;gLfpd;wd. mtw;wpy; ahNohh; kzkhfpa fhe;jth;tj;jpy; fw;G tho;f;if vd;gJ ,y;iy. mq;Nf jpUkzk; vd;gJ fw;G tho;f;if ,y;iy. Mdhy; jkpopy; fsT kdNkh Kiwg;gb fw;ghfpa jpUkz tho;f;ifapy; epiwTngw Ntz;Lk;. vd;gjid czh;j;JtjhfNt FwpQ;rpg; ghl;L mike;js;sJ. fhg;gpaq;fspYk; mwf;fUj;Jf;fs; epiwe;Js;sij> murpaypd; jtW nra;jth;fSf;F mwk; $w;whFk;. Co;tpid jtwhky; jdJ gyid mspf;Fk; vd;W rpyk;G czh;j;JfpwJ. mwk; nty;Yk; ghtk; Njhw;Fk; vd;w fUj;jpid cilaJ fk;gh; vOjpa ,uhkhazk;. ,t;thW jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; midj;Jk; mwj;ij typAWj;jpr; nry;fpwJ. xU rpW ,ir fijapy; %f;fk;kh Mr;rp ,r;rpWfijapy; tUk; %f;fk;kh Mr;rp Kjd;ik ghj;jpukhf ,lk; ngw;Ws;shh;. ,ts; jd; ,sk; tajpy; jpUkzkhfp tpjitahdts;. jd; jq;if cwthd mtsJ tPl;bw;f;F mbf;fb tUths; tUk;NghJ ,ye;ijg; goKk; gpuz;ilAk; gpwpr;Rf;fpl;L tUths;. mg;NghJ jd; Ngj;jpfSf;F fij nrhy;yp mth;fSf;F kpfTk; gpbj;jkhd Mr;rpahf ele;Jf;nfhs;ths;. jd; jq;ifapd; fztiug; gw;wp rpW rpW nra;jpia Ngj;jpfSf;F fijahf nrhy;yp tpl;L mij kPz;Lk; Nfl;Fk; NghJ mt;Nth ,Uf;Fk; NghJ nrhy;y Ntz;baij Nghd gpwF nrhy;yf; $lhJ vd;W Kbj;Jf; nfhz;lhs;. (t.rp.g.150) ‘jhj;jh ,we;j gpwF %f;fk;kh Mr;rp xU nrhy;$l jhj;jhitg; gw;wpg; NgrpaJ fpilahJ vd;gJ th];jtk; jhd; vd;W Ngj;jpf;F Mr;rhpakhf ,Ue;jJ. g.151. ,t;thpapy; jhj;jh ,we;j gpd; mtiug; gw;wp mjfk; $WtJ rhpay;y vd;gJk; xU mwkhfNt njhpe;jJ. Mr;rp jdf;F njhpe;j kdpjiug; ghh;j;jTld; mth; ifiag; gpbj;J eyk; tprhhpg;gJ czT cgrhpg;gJ ve;j NeuKk; Ntiyg;ghh;g;gJ vd;W me;j kDrpapd; Fzeyd;fs; midj;Jk; mwkhfNt njhpfpwJ. xOf;fk; jtwhik ‘xOf;fk; tpOg;gk; juyhd; xOf;fk; caphpDk; Xk;gg; gLk;’ vd;w ts;Sthpd; thf;fpw;Ffpdq;f ,f;fijr; nrhy;ypapd; mf;fhg; ngah; NfhK mts; cly; eyk; Fiwthdg; NghJ Mr;rp mtSlNd ,Ue;J ftdpj;Jf; nfhz;lhs;. jd;Dila jhj;jh ghl;biag; gw;wp Nfl;Fk; NghJ me;jf; fhyj;jpy; Nky; Jz;L NghLfpwNj mg+h;tk;. cq;f jhj;jh Jiu fpl;Nl Ntiy ghh;j;jhNy tl;lf; fOj;J rl;il NghLth mjpNyAk; re;jdf; fyh; rl;iljhd; [h];jp ,Uf;Fk;. %D gpj;jhd;> %D jq;fk;> rptg;G cy;yd; E}ypy; ruL khjphp %izAk; Nfhh;j;J ,Uf;Fk; MS tPkd; khjphpj;jhd; ,Ug;gh. jdpahfNt ,t ,Uf;fhz;Zk; njhpAk;. Mdh Vwpl;Lf; $lg; ghh;f;f khl;lh vdf;Fj; jhd; mbr;Rf;fpLk;> jtpah jtpf;Fk; ,q;f te;j ,lj;jpy; xU jilt fpWf;F nuhk;g $bl;LJ. Nfhl; ];lhz;by; fol;b Nghl;bUe;j jhj;jh rl;ilia Nkhe;J ghh;j;Jf;fpl;L ,Ue;Njd;. mij cq;f mk;khr;rp ghh;j;Jl;lh xz;ZNk nrhy;ytpy;iy. uhj;jphp vd;idf; fl;bg; gpbr;Rf;fpl;L mOjh g.1588. vd;w thpapypUe;J jq;if jd; kdjhu fz;zPh; tpl;L mOJ mf;fh kdij Mw;Wg;gLj;JtJ xOf;f mwkhf mwpa KbfpwJ. KbTiu ,yf;fpa cyfpy; ,UjiyKiwfshf je;ijAk;> kfDk; vOj;jhsUf;fhd cahpa tpUjhd rhfjpa mfhjkp tpUjpidg; ngw;wth;. jpUney;Ntypiar; rhh;e;j ,th; mofpay; jJk;Gk; nefpo;thd czh;Tg+h;tkhd> ftpj;Jtkhd rpWfijfshy; jdpj;Jtk; ngw;wth;. jd; md;G mwtidg;ghy; nghpJk; kdpj kdq;fshy; Nghw;wgl;L kjpf;fg;gLth;. mth; ghh;j;j kdpjh;fspd; md;Gr; rhh;e;j mwf;fUj;Jf;fis jk; fijfisg; gilj;Js;shh;. ‘xU rpW ,ir’ vd;w rpWfij rhfjpa mfhjkp tpUJ ngw;wJ. ehd; ,f;fijapy; tUk; khe;jh;fspd; mwk; rhh;e;j tho;it thof;$batuhf ghh;f;fpNwd;. Fwpg;ghf xOf;f tho;f;ifia tho;e;J Kbj;j %f;fk;kh Mr;rpapd; kdf;fhaq;fisAk; mij kwf;f gpw kdpj cwTfspilNa fhl;ba md;ilAk; ,f;fij czh;j;Jk; mwf;fUj;jhf Vw;fg;gLfpwJ.


TdLm 176

ts;Stk; $Wk; mwk;

kh.N[hjp

KJfiyj;jkpo;> Kjyhkhz;L gr;rKj;J fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; kfsph; fy;Y}hp> jUkGhp

Kd;Diu kdpjDf;F md;whl tho;tpy; nghUSk; ,d;gKk; Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; mwj;jhy; ngw KbAk;. mwk;>nghUs;>,d;gk; Ja;g;gNj KiwahFk;. tho;f;ifia Kiwg;gb tho;jy; Ntz;Lk;. kdpjDf;F flikAk; cz;L. flikfs; xOq;Fgl epiwNtw;Wk; NghJ tho;f;ifia Ritg;gJ kl;Lky;yhky; mwkhfTk; Njhw;wk; ngWfpd;wd. Fws; $Wk; mwk; gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy; ghh;g;Nghk;. kdj;J}a;ikNa mwk; jkpo; mwE}y;fs; Gwj;J}a;ikiatpl mfj;J}a;ikiaNa typAWj;Jfpd;wd. 'gpwg;GXf;Fk; vy;yh caph;f;Fk; rpwg;Gxt;th nra;njhopy; Ntw;Wik ahd;”; (Fws;-972) vd;W $wp kdj;jpy; khR ,d;ikiaNa jpUf;Fwspy; vd;Dk; mjpfhuk; giwrhw;WfpwJ. Jwtpfs; nkhl;ilabj;Jf; nfhs;tjh vd;gd Nghd;w tpdhf;fSf;F ,q;F ,lkpy;iy. Gwg;gidTfs;> Ntlq;fs; Mfpatw;iw jkpoh; Nghw;wtpy;iy. Gwj;Njhw;wj;jpw;fhf myq;fhuk; gLj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;wd. gpwUf;F cjtp nra;tJ jhd; rpwe;j mwkhFk; . kdj;jpd;fz; J}a;ik vt;thW nray;gLfpwJ. vd;gtw;iwg; nghWj;Nj xUth; rKjhaj;jpy; vj;jifath; vd;gij KbT nra;jdh;. cwT fz;L Nghw;WjYk;> J}w;WjYk; jkpoh;f;F nghUe;jhr;nray;fshFk;. mwj;jpd; gad; mwtopapy; ele;jhy; gpwUila jd;ikapy; jd;id Gfo;e;J NgRthh;fs;. ,J mwk;. nghUis Njba nghUs; Nrh;g;gJ mtUf;Fk; cjTk; ,tUila gps;isfSf;F nry;tk; epiyj;J epw;Fk;. cs;sj;jpy; mr;rk; ,y;yhky; vq;nfy;yhk; kf;fs; $bapUf;fpwhh;fNsh mq;nfy;yhk; ,th; cs;sj;jpy; mr;rkpy;yhky; ,thplk; Fw;wk; ,y;yhjjhy; ,tUila cs;sj;jpy; mr;rk; vohJ . kuzk; tUk;NghJ ,th; cs;sj;jpy; mr;rk; ,Uf;fhJ. Kdjpy; Fog;gk; tUtjpy;iy kfpo;r;rp vOk; mikjpahf ,wg;ghh;. ,jid gakpy;yhj kuzk; vd;W fUj;jg;gLth;. 'rpwg;G<Dk; nry;tKk;<Dk; mwj;jpd; Ccq;F Mf;fk; vtNdh caph;f;F;” (Fws;-37) vd;w Fwspy; ts;Sth; $Wfpd;whh;. Cd; cz;zhik jpUts;Sth; fUiz czh;tpd; mbg;gilapy; Gyhy; czitAk; kWf;FkhW mwpTWj;Jfpd;whh;. rq;f fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j fgpyh;> xsitahh; Nghd;w Gyth;fs; Cd; cztpd; ngUikia $Wfpd;wd. Mdhy; jpUts;Sth; 'jd;Cd; ngUf;fw;Fj; jhd;gpwpJCd; cz;lhd; vq;qdk; MSk; mUs;” (Fws;-251) vd;fpwhh; . jd; clk;igg; ngUf;f itj;Jf;nfhs;s Cid cz;fpwhh;fs;. gpwh; caph;fs; kPJ fUiz fhl;L<tjpy;iy jd; cliy kl;Lk; ngUf;Ftjpy; Mh;tk; fhl;Lfpwhh;fs;. rkz kjKk;


TdLm 177

ngsj kjKk; fz;bj;J kWfpd;wd. Cd;>Gyhy; cz;Zjiy jkpofj;jpy; Kjy; Fuy; jpUts;StUilajhf ,Uf;fpwJ. jkpo; kf;fs; fUiz>FzKk;>czh;Tk; kpf;fth;. itjpf rkak; Nts;tpaypd; NghJ caph; nfhiy nra;tijNa xU tof;fkhf nfhz;bUe;jd. gRitg; Gdpjkhfj; fUjpdhh;fs; itjpf rkak; . Mdhy; Kw;fhyj;jpy; itjpf rkak; Nts;tpay; gRit xU nghUshf nfhz;L itj;jpUe;jd vd;W “kzpNkfiy” $Wfpd;wd. Mapuk; Nts;tp$l nghpajpy;iy Xh; capiu nfhs;sjh Nehd;Ng nghpaJ vd;fpwhh; jpUts;Sth; Gd;id ahutj cz;ghh;fsh? mt;thW cz;gjdhy; clypy; cWtWg;G Vw;gLk;. jpUts;Sth; fz;l ,g;gz;ghNl mUshsh;fspd; rkakhf tsh;e;J ,uhkypq;f ts;syhhpd; caphpuf;fk; vdg;gLk;. rPtfhUzpa mwkhf Xq;fpaJ. Jkpoh;fspy; gyh; irt cztpid Gyhy; cz;gth;fspy; gyh; khjj;jpy; rpy ehl;fNsDk; Nehd;G Nkw;nfhs;NthufTk; miktJ ,g;gz;ghl;bd; tsh;r;rpahy;jhd; vd mwpayhk;. ,d;gk; mspf;Fk; nrhy; mwk; mwk; nghUs; >,d;gk;> tPL vd;w ehd;fpDs; jiy rpwe;jJ mwk;. me;j mwk; kw;w %d;wpw;Fk; %ykhf mikfpd;wd. xU rKjhak; MdJ mwj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; ,aq;f Ntz;Lk;. mwk;jhd; xOf;fj;jpw;F tpj;jhfpd;wJ. kwj;ijj; jtph;j;J mwj;ij tsh;g;gJ jhd; tho;f;if. 'mwj;jhd; tUtNj ,d;gk; kw;nwy;yhk; Gwj;j GfOk; ,y;” (Fws;-39) vd;w Fwypy; ve;jr; nraypy; xUtDf;F ,d;gk; gpwf;fpd;wNjh mJNt mwr; nray; Gfo; jdf;F tUk; tifapy; xUtd; nra;Ak; nray;fs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpw kf;fSf;F ,d;gk; gpwe;jhy; jhd; mr;nray; nra;jtDf;Fg; Gfo; Vw;gLk; vdNt gpwUf;F ,d;gk; mspf;Fk; nray;fs; nra;jNy mwk; MFk;. mj;jifa mwr;nray;fsir;nra;gtNd ey;y kdpjd; Mthd;. mtNd GfOk; mile;J gpwuhy; Nghw;wTk; gLthd; vd;fpwhh; ts;Sth;. tpUe;Njhk;gypd; mwk; jkpoh;fspd; ,d;Dk; nrhy;yg;Nghdhy; ,e;jpa kz;zpd; jiyaha kpfr; rpwe;j Fzk; tPl;bw;F te;j tpUe;jpid kdk; Nfhzhky; cgrhpj;J tUfpd;wd. 'nry;tpUe;J Xk;gp tUtpUe;j ghh;j;jpUg;ghd; ey;tpUe;J thdj; jth;f;F” (Fws;-86) vd;w Fwspd; te;j tpUe;jpdh;fis cgrhpj;J mDg;gptpl;L tUk; NghJ tpUe;jpiduAk; vjph;ghh;j;jpUe;J mioj;Jg; Nghw;Wthd;. thdj;jth;f;F ey;y tpUe;jpduhfr; nrd;W NrUthd; tPl;bw;F ey;y tpUe;jpdiu Kiwahf cgrhpf;fhtpl;lhy; me;j tpUe;jpdhpd; epiyia Fwpg;gJ. ,dpNj $Wjy; mwNk ,dpikahd nrhw;fisg; Ngrpdhy; ,d;gk; fpilf;Fk;. mNj Nghy fLikahd nrhw;fshf ,Ue;jhy; Nfl;gth; kdk; Gz;gLk;. J}a md;G cs;sj;jpy; ,Ue;J jhd; tuNtz;Lk;. cs;sj;jpy; ,Ue;J nrhw;fs; gpwf;f Ntz;Lk;. mwj;jpid czh;e;jth;fspd; thapypUe;J tUk; nrhw;fs; md;NghL fye;j ,d;nrhw;fshf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gij ts;Sth; typAWj;Jfpwhh;. ',d;nryhy; <uk; mis,g; gbW,ythQ; nrk;nghUs; fz;lhh;;tha;r; nrhy; (Fws;-91) gpwhplk; NgRk; NghJ ,dpikahd nrhw;fshy; NgrpdhNy NghJkhdJ mJTk; rpwe;j mwkhff; fUjg;gLk;. nra;ahky; nra;Ak; cjtp:- ehk; gpwUf;F ve;j xU cjtpAk; nra;ahjpUf;Fk; epiyapy; mth; ekf;F nra;Ak; cjtpf;F ,e;j kz;ZyfKk; tpz;ZyfKk; xg;ghfhJ ,jidNa ts;Sth; 'nra;ahky; nra;j cjtpf;F itafKk; thdfKk; Mw;wy; mhpJ” (Fws;-101) vd;w Fwspype;J


TdLm 178

jf;f rkaj;jpy; nra;j cjtp rpwpaJ vd;whYk; me;j cjtp ,e;j cyfj;ij tpl kpfTk; nghpajhFk;. fy;tpay; mwk; epyj;jpy; Njhd;Wtjd; %ykhf gad; KbAk; fy;tp fw;ffhjth;fs; ehfhpfk;khf ele;jpUf;fkhl;lhh;fs;. fy;tp fw;gjd; %yk; gpwhplk; vt;thW NgRtJ goFk; Kiwnay;yhk; fy;tpapd; %ykhf mwpfpd;wd. xU kdpjid gz;gLj;JtJ fy;tp jhd;. fy;tp fw;fhjth;fs; Gz;nra; epyk; Nghy jhd; fhl;rp jUthh;fs;. ,Nj fy;tp fw;wth;fs; ed;nra; epyk; Nghy fhl;rp jUthh;fs;. vdNt ,d;iwa fhy #oypy; fy;tp kpfTk; mtrpak; $l mbg;gilahditAk; $l jpUts;Sth; jpUf;Fwspy; fy;tp gw;wp Xh; mjpfhukhf gilj;Js;shh;. mit gpd;tUkhW 'fw;f frlwf; fw;git fw;wgpd; epw;f mjw;Fj; jf” (Fws; -391) vd;w Fwspy; fw;Fk; E}w;fisf; Fw;wkpy;yhky; fw;f Ntz;Lk;.fw;wgpd; fw;w newpapy; epw;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ts;Sth; $wpgpLfpwJ. KbTiu Ts;Std; vd;Dk; mwj;jpy; kdj;J}a;ik mwk; gw;wpAk; mwk; vd;gijAk; mwj;jpd; gad;Nd gw;wpAk; Cd; cz;zhik> Gyhy; cz;zhik irtk;>itzk; fUj;JfisAk; itjpfk; rkak; caph;nfhiyahd ahfj;jpy; gR gypapLfpd;wd. Nghd;w fUj;Jfs; vy;yhNk jpUf;Fwspd; ,dpNj $wy;> tpUe;Njhk;gypy; mwk; fy;tpapy; mwk; gw;wp fUj;jpid ehd; typAWj;JfpNwd;. vdNt ,d;iwa fhyr; #oypy; kf;fs; mwk; gpd;gw;wp tho;tpy; cau Ntz;Lk; vd ,f;fl;Liu tz;zk; ehd; typAWj;JfpNwd;.


TdLm 179

fypq;fj;Jg; guzp $Wk; Nghh; mwk;

r.Mjpguhrf;jp

KJfiyj;jkpo;, Kjyhkhz;L gr;rKj;J fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; kfsph; fy;Y}hp> jUkGhp

Kd;Diu jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; xd;whd njhz;Z}w;whW tifr;rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fspy; xd;whd guzp ,yf;fpak; “ Miz Mapuk; mkhpil ntd;w khstDf;F tFg;gJ guzp” vd mtw;wpd; rpwg;gpid gd;dpUghl;bay; vd;wE}y; $Wfpd;wJ. guzp vd;gJ Nghhpy ntw;wp ngw;wth;fs; kPJ Gfo;e;J ghlg;gLtJ MFk;. ,e;E}ypy; Nghh; newpKiwfs;> Nghh; nra;jtw;fhd fhuzq;fs; ntw;wpngw;w kd;ddpd; ntw;wpr; rpwg;Gfs; kw;Wk; Nghh; tPuh;fspd; nray;fs; ehd;F tifahd gilapd; rpwg;G ,itfis gw;wp fypq;fj;Jg;guzp $Wk; Nghh;mwk; ,t;tha;T Muha;fpd;wJ. mwk; mwk; vd;why; jUkk; vd;Wk; nrhy;yyhk;. Rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; xd;whd gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs; gy cs;sd. kdpjd; vt;thW mwf;fUj;Jf;fis gpd;gw;wp thoNtz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfNt mwE}y;fs; Njhd;wpAs;sd. mof;fhW mthntFsp ,d;dhr;nrhy; ehd;Fk; ,of;fh ,ad;wJ mwk; (jpUf;Fws;) nghwhik> Mir> Nfhgk;> fLQ;nrhy; Mfpa ehd;F jPa Fzq;fis ntWj;J mtw;iw ePf;fp nra;tNj mwkhFk; vd;fpwJ. NkYk; ngha;$whik> Gyhy; kWj;jy; nra;e;ed;wpaspjy;> gpw caph;fsplk; md;W nrYj;Jjy;> gpwh;f;F jPq;F nra;ahik> <if> gpwh; nghUis tpUk;ghik> ed;dlj;ijia filgpj;jy; Nghd;w nray;fs; midj;Jk; mwr;nra;jpfshf $wg;gLfpd;wd. Nghh; newpKiw Nghhpy; gilf;fUtpfs; ,y;yhj tPuh;fisAk;> GwKJfpl;L xLKgth;fisAk;> Nghh; eilngWk; NghJ jhf;ff;$lhJ. #hpad; cjpf;Fk;NghJ Nghh; njhlq;fp #hpad; kiwAk; NghJ Nghh; KbAk;. Nghhpy; ngz;fs;> Foe;ijfs;> KjpNahh; CdKw;Nwhh; gRf;fs; Nghd;wth;fis jhf;Fjy; $lhJ. KuR xypf;Fk; rq;F Koq;Fgth; fypq;fj;Jg;guzp Nghh; mwk; fypq;fj;Jg;guzp vd;Dk; E}y; Kjw;FNyhj;Jq;f Nrhodpd; mikr;ruhd fUzhfuj;njhz;ilkhd; vd;wtd; ehy;tif gilfSld; nrd;W fypq;fehl;L kd;ddhd mde;jth;kd; vd;gtDld; Nghh; Ghpfpd;wdh;. “flt jk; jpiwnfhL milate;J foy; tzq;fpdh;fs; ,tUld; Tl fypq;fh; gjpmts; ,uz;Ltpir tUfpyd;> jpiwnfhL vdYNk (fypq;-340) jpUke;jpuYiy vd;wtd; Kjw; FNyhj;Jq;fNrhodplk; murh; ngUk; nrYj;j flikg;gl;l murh; midtUk; jq;fs; gFjpnghUs;fis nrYj;jpdh; Mdhy; fypq;f ehl;L kd;dd; mde;jth;kd; kl;Lk; ,uz;LKiwahf gFjp nghUs;fis nfhz;L tutpy;iy vd;W $wpdhd;.


TdLm 180

“fq;fh ejp xUGwk; Mfg; gil Fly;Nghy; te;jJ (fypq;-373) Kjw;FNyhj;Jq;f Nrhodpd; gil fly;Nghy; te;Jtpl;lij fz;L fypq;f ehl;L kf;fs; mywpdh; tpl;l jz;bdpd; kPdth; ItUk; Nfl;l Nfl;bidf; Nfl;biy NghYk; (fypq;-383) Kjw;FNyhj;Jq;f Nrhod; Vtpa gilapdhy; ghz;ba kd;dh;fs; Ie;J NgUk; mope;jd vd;W vq;fuhad; fypq;f kd;dd; mde;jth;kdplk; $Wfpd;wdh;. fd tiunahU Kidj;jNghy; fl fhpnahL fhp Kidf;fNt (fypq;-408) ahidfs; ahidfNshL NkhJtJ kiyfs; nghpa kiyfNshL Nghh;GhptJ NghyTk;> Fjpiufs; FjpiufNshL Nghh;GhptJ Nkfq;fNshL Nkfq;fs; vjph;j;J Nghh;GhptJ Nghy cs;sd. ,l;l tz;zq;fs; Nky; Vwpe;j Nty; jpwe;j tha; (fypq-427) Nrho tPuh;fs; gilfis vwpe;jdh;. vdNt fypq;f tPuh;fs; mtw;iw Nflaq;fis nfhz;L jLj;jdh; mg;NghJ Nflaq;fs; njhisf;fg;gl;ld. Gwg;nghUs; ntz;ghkhiy Nghh; mwk; “ntd;W Mh;j;J Fd;nwhU M joP – 8 Jiw (MNfhs;) ,t;ntz;ghkhiyapy; ,lk;ngWk; ntl;rpj;jpiz Nghhpd; njhlf;fj;jpy; gifth; ehl;by; GFe;J mth;fSila Mf;fis fth;e;J tUjy; jhd; mf;fhy kuG vd;fpwJ. Vnddpy; Mf;fs; vd;gJ nry;tk;> nghd; vd nghUs;gLk;. NkYk; rkarpd;dq;fshfTk; ,Ue;jd. ,jdhy; mtw;wpw;F CW toistpj;jyhfhJ vd;W fUjp mtw;iw fth;e;J te;jjhf $wpdhh;fs;. njhy;fhg;gpak; Nghh; mwk; copiQ jhNd kUj;Jg;GwNd KoKjy; muzk; Kw;wYk; NfhlYk; Midnewp kugpw;W MFk; vd;g (Gwj;jpid – 65) Nghhpy; NfhiofisAk;> ngz;ngah; nfhz;NlhiuAk;> gilf;fUtpfisf; ifeg+t tpl;ltiuAk; jkpo; tPuh;fs; nfhy;ykhl;lhh;fs; vd;gh;. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; Nghh; mwk; “ghh;g;ghh; mwNthh;> gR gj;jpdpg;ngz;bh; %j;Njhh;> Fotp vDk; ,tiuf;iftpl;L jPj;jpwj;jhh; gf;fNk Nrh;f vd;W fha;j;jpa nghw;nwhb Vtg;> Gifmoy; kz;bw;Nw ew;Nwuhd; $ly; efh;” (tQ;rpdkhiy 53-55) fLQ;rpdk; nfhz;L kJiuia mopj;j fz;zfpAk; jPf;flTis VTk;NghJ ghh;g;ghh;> mwNthhh;> gR>gj;jpdpg;ngz;fs;> %j;Njhh;> Foe;ijfs; ,th;fis tpl;L jPNahiu kl;Lk; mopf;FkhW Ntz;bf;nfhs;fpwhs;. vdNt Nghhpy; ey;yth;fs; mopayhfhJ vd;gh;. FWe;njhifapy; Nghh; gw;wpanra;jp:- “nrq;fsk; glf;nfd;W mTzh;j;Nja;j;j nrq;Nfhy; mk;gpw; nrq;Nfhl;Lahid Foy; njhbr; Nrva; Fd;wk; FUjpg;g+tps; Fiyf;fhe;jl;Nl” Nghh;f;fsj;jpy; vjph;j;jth;fis nfhd;W mtzh;fis mopj;jts; KUfngUkhs; Mthh;. mth; Nfhapy; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Fd;wk; ,JthFk; vd jiytp nre;jhkiu kyiu#l tUj;jKd;whs;.


TdLm 181

GwehE}W Nghh; mwk; “ts;shh; MapDk;> ty;Yeh; MapDk; Gfo;jy; cw;Nwhh;f;F khNahd; md;d> (Gwk; - 57) ed;khwd; gifth; ehl;bd;Nky; gilnaLj;J nry;Yk; NghJ Ng&h;fis vhpt+l;Lthahf> cd;Dila Ntyhy; gifth;fisAk; mopj;J nfhy;thahf Mdhy; fhty; kuq;fis kl;Lk; xUNghJk; ntl;lhky; ,Ug;ghahf mit ,skuq;fshFk; vd $wpdh;. ths;Ngho;e;J mlf;fYk; ca;e;jdh; khNjh thpepkpW Mh;f;Fk; tha;GF flhmj;J (Gwk;-93) Mjpakhd; giftiu vjph;j;J epd;why; Nghhpy; mth;fs; tPo;e;J Nghth; ahidgilfisAk; nfhz;l typikAilts;. KbTiu fypq;fj;Jg;guzpapy; fypq;fkd;dd; mde;jth;kd; vd;gtUf;Fk; Kjw;FNyh;Jq;f Nrhod; vd;gtUf;Fk; Nghh; eilngw fhuzk; mde;jth;kd; jpiw nrYj;jhj fhuzj;jhy; vd;gjhy; Nghh; mwj;jpw;fhfNt eilngw;wJ MFk;. ,it Nghd;Nw rpyg;gjpfhuk; Gwg;nghUs; ntz;ghkhiy> GwehE}W Nghd;w E}y;fspYk; mwj;jpd; topNa Nghh; eilngw;wJ. ,tw;iw gy;NtW E}y;fs; ekf;F rhd;whf cs;sd. ,tw;wpidg; gw;wp tphpthf Fwpg;gpl;Ls;Nshk;.


TdLm 182

GwehD}W Nghw;Wk; Nghu; mwk;

Kidtu; fh.rptfhkp

cjtp Nguhrpupau;> muR kfspu; fiyf;fy;Y}up> fpU\;zfpup

gjpndz; Nky;fzf;F E}y;fs; vl;Lj;njhif> gj;Jg;ghl;L vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ. mtw;wpy; vl;Lj;njhif E}y;fspd; tupirapy; GwE}yhf ,lk; ngWtJ GwehD}W. ,jpy; gz;ilj; jkpofj;jpd; mupa tuyhw;Wj; njhFg;G> gz;ghl;Lf; fsQ;rpak;> ,yf;fpaf; fUT+yk;> efuq;fs;> JiwKfq;fs;> kiyfs;> MWfs;> flw;fiufs;> fhLfs; gw;wpa nra;jpfSk;> Gutyu;fs;> Gytu;fisg; Nghw;wp mtu;fspd; mwpTiufSf;Fr; nrtpkLj;jr; rpwg;GfSk;> kd;du;fspd; khz;Gfs;> Nghu;j;jpdTw;w mZFKiw gpwohJ Nghu; Gupe;J khu;gpy; tpOg;Gz;Zw;w tPuu;fspd; tPug; ngUikfs;> %Nte;ju;fspd; FbAupik> FWepykd;du;fs;> <if> xg;GuT Kjypad rhy;Gfs;> tPuj;jhapd; ew;Fzq;fs; Nghd;wit rpwg;ghf vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,it midj;jpYk; mwk; vd;w czu;T Njha;e;J fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,d;wsTk; ,t;Tyfk; epiyj;J ePbf;f mwr;nray;fs; rpwe;jit vd;gij typAWj;Jtjhf miktJ GwehD}W. ,jpy; Nghu; njhlu;ghd mwnewpfs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd. mtw;iw ntspg;gLj;Jtjhf ,t;tha;T mikfpwJ. mwk; - nrhw;nghUs; tpsf;fk; mwk; vd;gjw;Fj; jkpo; mfuKjyp jUkk;> Gz;zpak;> mwr;rhiy> jUkNjtij> akd;> jFjpahdJ> rkak;> Qhdk;> Nehd;G> ,d;gk;> jPg;gad; cz;lhf;Fk; nrhy; vd;W nghUs; jUfpwJ. ,jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;s midj;Jr; nrhw;nghUs;fSk; kdpjDila tho;tpaNyhL njhlu;Gilad. mwk; vd;Dk; nrhy; KiwNa tof;fk;> ePjp> flik> Gz;zpak;> <if> mwf;flTs;> rkak; vd;W gy;NtW nghUs;fspYk; toq;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ vd;W f.jpUehTf;fuR mtu;fs; mwk; vd;gjw;F nghUs; $Wfpd;whu;. vdNt> kdpjd; mwtopg;gl;l tho;f;if tho;jNy jdp kdpjDf;Fk;> kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; ed;ikAk;> cau;Tk; jUk; vd;gjidf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L tho Ntz;Lk;. Nghu; Nghu; kdpjDf;F ,ay;ghdJ> mij kdpjDila tho;f;ifapd; ,d;wpaikahj xU gFjp vd;W vz;Zkstpw;F mJ kpfg;gioa rKjha epiyak; vd;Dk; fUj;Jfs; rq;fg; Gytu;fshy; ntspg;gilahff; $wg;gLfpd;wd. ‘xUtidnahUtd; mOjYk;> njhiyjYk;> GDtjd;W ,t;Tyfj;jpaw;if’ (Gwk;.76) vd;fpwJ GwehD}W. jkJ tho;f;ifNa NghupLjyhy;jhd; epiwT ngWk; vd;W muru;fs; fUjpdu;. ,J murdJ mwkhFk;. murd; NghupLtjw;F ,lk; nfhLj;jJ kl;Lkd;wp mtd; fLk; Nghu; Gupe;jhy; GfoTk;gl;lhd;. ngUk; gilfNshL ,U muru;fs; NghhpLjy; vd;gJ ,U jdpkdpju;fspilNa epfof;$ba rz;ilahf ,y;yhky; ,U ehLfSf;FupajhfNt ,Ue;jJ. tuyhw;W Kw;fhyj;J Ntlu; jiytu;fSila nray;ghLfspd; gupzhkNk Nghu; Mapw;W. Nghupl;L ehL gpbj;jy; kd;du;fSila ngUNtl;if. mk;kuG Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;likahNyNa Nghu;fs; ,lg;gl;ld. ‘gpwdhSk; ehLNfhs; kd;du; njhopy;’ vd;wJ (ehd;kzpf;fbif-85) mtu;fs; mwk;. gil-Nrid vd;Dk; nrhy; mopg;gJ vd;Dk; nghUSilaJ. mopg;gjw;Nf gil ,Ue;jJ vd;gJ fUj;J. gpw kz;Zz;Zk; nrk;ky; (Gwk;-20) vd;W ntw;wp kd;du; Gfo; Ngrg;gl;lJ. gpwu; ehl;ilg; gilnaLj;Jj; jhf;Ftjw;Fg; gpwu; kz; kPJ cs;s Mir NghJkhd fhuzkhapw;W. (njhy;.nghUs;.62) vd;WNk ,lk; rpwpJ vd;W fUJtJ muru;fSila ,ay;ghapw;W (Gwk;.8)


TdLm 183

Nghu;Kiwapd; mq;fk; kwg;gz;G rq;fhy kf;fspd; Kjd;ikg; gz;ghff; fUjg;gl;lJ. Nghu; fsj;jpy; tpOg;Gz;gl;L khs;tJk;> tPuRtu;fk; miltJk; tPuu;fspd; tho;tpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhff; fUjg;gl;lJ. Nghupy; <LgLk; gilfs; gythfg; gFf;fg;gl;ld. mit> %yg;gil> $ypnfhLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;gil> ehl;bdpd;W tUk; gil> cwtpdUk; JiztUk; tpLf;Fk;gil> Jizahf tUk; gil> gifg;gil vdg; gythf tifg;gLj;jpdu;. goq;fhyg; gilapdu;> Nty;> ths;> <l;b> rq;fuk; Kjypait jhf;Fk; gilfshfTk;> Nflak;> ftrk; Kjypad fhf;Fk; gilfshfTk; nfhz;L Nghu; Nkw;nfhz;ldu;. NghUf;Fr; nry;tjw;F Kd; Gdpj ehspy; gilf;fyd;fis ePuhl;b> G+r;#b fhyf;fzf;fu; Fwpj;j Neuj;jpy; NghUf;Fg;Gwg;gLtu;. NghUf;Fg; Gwg;gLk; Kd; tQ;rpdk; vLg;gu;. ,J Nghu; Kiwapd; Kf;fpa mk;rkhFk;. kwj;jpy; mwk; jkpou;fs; kwf;Fbapy; gpwe;jtu;fs;> mwk; Nghw;w Nghu; nra;tjpYk;> mwr;rpe;jidfisf; filg;gpbg;gjpYk; rpwe;jtu;fs;. gz;ilf; fhyk; Kjw;nfhz;L NghupLtjpy; newpKiwfis tFj;J mtw;iw ,U tPuUk; Ngzp tUk; kuG nfhz;bUe;jdu;. xU ehl;bd; kPJ gilnaLf;f tpUk;Gk; murd; me;ehlbd; midj;J capu;fisAk; mopg;gjpy;iy. kwtd; kwtNdhL kl;LNk Nghu; Gupthd;. kwtu; jtpu;j;J kw;Ws;Nshiuj; jhf;Ftjpy;iy. Nghu;f; fhyj;jpy; Kw;WifapLk; jUthapy; giftiuf; fz;L mQ;rp cs;NsapUg;gijf; Nfhioj;jdkhff; fUjpdu;. gRTk;> gRtpdpay;ig xj;j ghu;g;gdiuAk;> ngz;fisAk;> rlq;Ffis kjpj;Jr; nra;Ak; Gjy;tu;fisg; ngwhjtu;fisAk;> tyNtw;NwhiuAk;> cly;eyk; Fd;wpatu;fisAk; vd midtiuAk; Nghu;epiy nghUl;L Nghu;f;fhyj;jpy; ehl;bypUe;J tpyfpapUf;f mwptpg;Gf; nfhLg;ghu;fs;. xU ehl;bd; kPJ me;ehl;ltu; mwpahj epiyapy; gilnaLj;jy; mwkhfhJ vd;gij czu;e;J gif ehl;bd; kPJ Nghupl cs;s nra;jpia mtu;fs; mwpAk; tz;zk; mwpTWj;Jfpd;wdu;. mtu;fisg; ghJfhg;ghd ,lj;ij milAq;fs; vd;Dk; mwnewpiaf; $Wk; kd cWjpiaAk;> mjw;Nfw;w tPuj;ijAk; nfhz;l kd;ddpd; FzeyDk;> gifehlbd; kf;fisAk; fhf;Fk; cau;e;j FzKk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jid> ‘MTk; Mdpay; ghu;g;gd kf;fSk; ngz;bUk; gpzpAilaPUk; Ngzpj; ....... ...... ...... ...... ...... mwe;jhU EtYk; G+l;if’ (Gwk;.9> (1-6 tupfs;) vd;w mbfs; ntsp;g;gLj;Jfpd;wd. ,jdhy; giftuplj;jpYk; kdpj Neak; nfhz;l gz;Gk; kwj;jpYk; mwnewp filg;gpbf;fg;gl;lr; rpwg;Gk; Nghw;WjYf;FupajhfpwJ. ,jid ts;StUk;> ‘kz;Zapu; Xk;gp mUshs;thw;F ,y;iyvd;g jd;Dapu; mQ;Rk; tpid’ (Fws;. 22) vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. ,jpy; cyf capu;fisf; fhj;J epd;W typik kpf;ftu;fSld; kl;LNk Nghu; nra;aNtz;Lk;. ,y;iynadpy; gop ghtq;fs; cz;lhFk; vd;w fUj;Jg; ngwg;gLfpwJ. ngUQ;Nrhw;W mwk; Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; tPuu;fs; Nghu; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; ehl;fspy; mtu;fSf;fhd czit mspj;jy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J mk;kd;ddpd; ngUikiaAk;> mtd; vj;jF Fzk; cilatd; vdTk; tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ. flypy; Njhd;Wk; QhapW NruyhjDf;F cupa flypNyNa kiwAk; khz;GilaJ vdg; ghuhl;lg; ngWk; gue;j NguuR cilatd;. mtd; ghujg; Nghupy; ghz;ltu;fs; kw;Wk; mtu;fSld; gif nfhz;l E}w;wtuhfpa JupNahjdd; Kjyhd nfsutu;fs; MfpNahupd; Nghu; KbAk; tiu ,UngUk; gilfSf;Fk; ngUQ;Nrhwhfpa cztpid mstpy;yhJ nfhLj;jtd; vd;gjhy; ngUQ;Nrhw;W cjpad; Nruyhjd; vd;W toq;fg;gl;lhd; ,jid>


TdLm 184

‘epd;flw; gpwe;j QhapW ngau;j;Jk; epd; ...... ...... ..... ...... ngUQ;Nrhw;W kpFgjk; tiuahJ nfhLj;Njhu;’ (Gwk; r.9-16> tupfs;) vd;W GwehD}W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,jdhy; kd;du;fs; Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; tPuj;ij ntspg;gLj;JtNjhL mtu;fspd; eyd; Ngz tpUe;Jk; gilj;j mwnewpiaf; filg;gpbj;jtu;fs; vd;gJ Gyg;gLfpwJ. Nghu; jtpu;f;Fk; newp kwg;gz;Gila tPuu;fspd; Mw;wiyg; ghuhl;b Gytu;fs; mtu;fsJ Nghu; ntwpfz;L me;epiy kiwa mtu;fsJ cs;sj;jpy; mw czu;it Cl;LtJ mupJ vd;gijmwpe;Jk; mk;Kaw;rpia Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jpUf;fpd;wdu;. ngUk; Gfo; nfhz;L ehl;il jdpf;Flf; fPo; Mz;l muru;fSld; xUtUk; ,wth epiy ngwtp;y;iy. midtUk; khz;L Nghapdu;. mtu; Mz;l ehLk;> <l;ba nghUSk;> ngUepjpAk; mtu; ,we;J NghFk; top mtu;fSf;Fj; Jizahf tUtjpy;iy. vdNt capUf;Fj; Jizahf ey;tpidAk;> mwnewpANk MFk;. ,jid> ‘Fd;Wjiy kze;j> kiy gpzpe;J ahj;jkd; ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... mwtpidad;Nw tpOj;Jiz’ (Gwk;.357> 1-6 tupfs;) vd;W kd;du;fSf;F Gytu;fs; mwpTWj;jp epiyahikiaAk;> mwnewpiaAk; Fwpg;gpl;bUg;gJ Gyg;gLfpwJ. tPuj;jpd; cau;itg; Nghw;Wk; newp Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; capiuAk; nfhLf;fj; jaq;fhj kwkhz;Gilatu;fshf tPuu;fs; jpfo;e;jpUf;fpd;wdu;. ,tu;fs; jq;fs; Nky; Vw;gLk; tPuj;jOk;GfisNa guprpyhf Vw;gu;. Mdhy; Nte;ju;fs; ,tu;fspd; tPuj;jpidg; ghuhl;b Ng&u;fisg; guprpyhf nfhLg;gu;. ,e;epfo;it> ‘ngUePu; Nkty; jz;zil vUik kly;td; Nghe;ijapd;> epw;F Nkhu;f;Nf’ (Gwk;.297> 1-10) vd;w mbfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. ,jdhy; tPuu;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; cau;epiyAk; mg;gz;igg; ghuhl;Lk; mwnewpAk; ntspg;gLfpwJ. epiwthf • GwehD}W kdpj tho;tpd; Gwr;nra;jpfis vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. • NghupLjy; tPuu;fspd; kwkhz;gik czu;j;Jtjhf ,Ue;jJ. • kd;du;fs; NghupLk; nghOJ NghUf;fhd mwnewpfshf gR> ghu;g;gdu;> ngz;fs;>

eyptile;jtu;fs; MfpNahiu ghJfhg;ghd ,lj;jpw;F mDg;gpa gpd;dNu Nghu; Nkw;nfhz;ldu; vd;gjdhy; gif ehl;bd; kPJ kdpjNeak; nfhz;L Nghupl;l Nghu; mwk; Gyg;gLfpwJ.

• NghupLk; tPuu;fSf;Fk;> gilfSf;Fk; cztspf;Fk; jd;ikAk;> kf;fspd; eyd; fUjp Gytu;fspd; mwpTiug;gb Nghu; jtpu;f;Fk; jd;ikAk;> tPuu;fisg; ghuhl;b Ng&u;fis jhdkhf toq;Fk; jd;ikAk; nfhz;l mwnewpfisg; GwehD}W top mwpag;gLfpwJ.


TdLm 185

jpUg;nghw;Rz;zj;jpy; tho;tpay; mwq;fs;

K.jpahfuh[d; Kidth;gl;l Ma;tshh;> jkpo;Jiw> nghpahh; gy;fiyf;fofk;;> Nryk;

nghw;Rz;zk; vd;gJ mofpa thridg; nghb vd;gjhFk;. kpfg;goq;fhyj;jpNy ,j;jif Rz;zj;ijf; fpuhkq;fspy; thOk; kf;fs; jhq;fNs ,bj;Jf; jahhpj;Jf; nfhz;ldh; vd;gjid mwpa KbfpwJ. jiykfs; kQ;rdk; MLjw;Fhpa eWe;Jfis cuypy; ,bf;Fk; ngz;fs; jk;ik kwe;J jiykfdpd; mUQ;nray;fisAk; Mw;wiyAk; GfioAk; ghbg; Nghw;Wth;. ,j;jF rpwg;G tha;e;j jpUg;nghw;Rz;zj;jpy; tho;tpay; nra;jpfis tpthpg;gNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. tPl;il J}a;ik nra;jy; xU ey;y epfo;r;rp eilngw Ntz;Lkhdhy; tPl;ilj; J}a;ik nra;J khiyfs; Njhuzq;fs; Kjypait njhq;ftplg;gLjiyf; fpuhkq;fspy; ,d;W fhzyhk;. mj;jifa Kiwapy; ,iwtDf;Fhpa nghw;Rz;zj;ij ,bf;fj; njhlq;FKd; “ Kj;J ey; jhkk; G+ khiy J}f;fp Kisf;Flk; J}gk; ey; jPgk; itk;kPd;” (jpUg;nghw;Rz;zk;> gh:1) vd;w ghliy mbfshh; njhlq;Ffpwhh;. jpUkzk; Kjypa ey;tpohf;fs; eilngWk; nghOJ etjhdpaq;fis Kisf;fr; nra;J rpWfpz;zq;fspy; epug;gp itj;jy; ,d;Wk; eilg;ngWtjhFk;. ,jid Kisg;ghhp vd;gh;. Kisg;ghhp nfhz;l rpW fpz;zq;fs; tl;lkhf itf;fg;ngw;W mjd; eLNt G+uz Fk;gk; itf;fg;ngWk; ,jidr; Rw;wp mfy; tpsf;Ffs; Vw;wp itf;fg;ngWk;. caph;fis Nerpf;f Ntz;Lk; kdpjuhf gpwe;j midtUk; caph;fsplk; md;G nrYj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gjid “ Nerk; cila mbath;fs; epd;W epyhTf vd;W tho;j;jpj;” (jpUg;nghw;Rz;zk;> gh:4) vd ghLfpwhh;. ,e;j njhluhdJ Mo;e;j rpe;jidf;FhpaJ. NerKila mbath;fs; vd;w njhlUf;F ,iwtd; ghy; Nerk; cila mbath;fs; vd;W nghUs; $WtJ nghUj;jkhfj; njhpatpy;iy. fhuzk; Nerkpy;yh mbath;fs; vd;gJ nghUe;jhf; $w;whFk;. mbath;fs; vd;w nrhy;Ny ,iwad;gpy; jiyepd;wth;fs; vd;w nghUisj; jUk;. vdNt NerKila vd;w nrhy; NtnwhU nghUisf; Fwpf;;fpd;wJ vd;gjid vspjpy; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;syhk;. cz;ikahd ,iwad;G cilath;fs; jq;fs; rkaj;jh;> mfg;glhky; ,iwtdhy; gilf;fg; ngw;w XuwpT caph; tiu cs;s vy;yh caph;Kjy; MwwpT caph; tiu cs;s vy;yh caph;fisAk; Nerpg;gth;fs; Mthh;fs;. ,jd; vjpuhf jj;jk; rkaNk cah;e;jJ vd;w FWfpa Nehf;fj;Jld; ,Ug;gth;fs; jk; rkaj;Js; Nruhj gpw caph;fis Nerpf;fkhl;lhh;fs;. Mjyhy; jhd; ,th;fis tpyf;fp NerKila mbath;fs; vd;W $Wfpwhh; kdij rptd; kPJ itj;jy; kdij xU epiyg;gLj;jp rptd; kPJ itj;jhy; tPLNgW ngwyhk;. rpj;jk; rpthndhLk; MlMl nrk; fay; fz; gdp MlMl” (jpUg;nghw;Rz;zk;> gh:10) Gwkdk;> mfkdk;> Nky;rpj;jk; vd;gtw;wpd; ,ilapYs;s NtWghl;il mbfshh; ed;F mwpe;jpUe;jhuhjypd; ‘nja;tk; vd;gNjhh; rpj;jKz;lhfp’ vd;w thp jpUthrfj;jpy; ,lk; ngWfpd;wd. fz;fspy; FG FG vd;W fz;zPh; nghq;FtJk; mUtpNghy; gha;tJk; cz;L. mbfshh; Fwpg;gpl;l ‘fz; gdp Ml Ml’ vd;wJ ,jdpd;Wk; Kw;wpYk; khWgl;ljhFk;. Jauk;


TdLm 186

Kjypa czh;r;rpfs; Nky; kdijg; gw;wp Ml;Lk; nghOJ fz;zPh; Mwhfg; ngUFjy; cz;L. Nky;kdk;> mbkdk; vd;w ,uz;bYk; gf;jp ngUf;nfLf;Fk; NghJ fz;zPh; ngUfp XLtJk; cz;L. ,e;j ,uz;L epiyfspYk; fz;zPh; ngUFtJ nghJj;jd;ik ,uz;bw;Fk; mbg;gilahd czh;r;rpfs; (Jauk;> ,iwgf;jp) epiy NgWilait my;y. xU tpehbapy; Njhd;wp tpWtpW vd tsh;e;J nghq;fp> xU epiyia mile;J gpwF ,wq;fptpLk; ,ay;Gilait. ,iwtdpd; jpUehkk; nray;fs; Nghd;wit xUNghJ rpe;jpj;J nray;gl Ntz;Lk;. gpwtp newp ngWjy; “ gpj;J vk;gpuhndhLk; Ml Ml gpwtp gpwnuhLk; Ml Ml” (jpUg;nghw;Rz;zk;> gh:10) Mztk;> fd;kk;> khia %d;W kyq;fis mfw;w Ntz;Lk;. Kjy; epiyapy; fhyb vLj;J itg;gth; Kjypy; gyUk; ,g;gpwtp ePq;f Ntz;Lk;. kPz;Lk; gpwth newp Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;Gfpd;wdh; vt;tsT tpUk;gpdhYk;> Kad;whYk; mjid vspjpy; ngw KbahJ. gpwtp vg;nghOJ NghFk; vd;gjid mbfshh; mw;Gjkhf tpilaspf;fpwhh;. Kk;kyq;fis mlf;fp xOq;fp> vk;gpuhd; fUizapy; nghUe;jj; njhlq;fpaTld; gpwtp jhNd Rod;W tpLfpwJ. ,e;j topapy; thuhj gpwiug; gpwtp njhlh;e;J nghUe;jpf;nfhs;fpwJ vd;w Ez;ikahd fUj;ijAk; gpwtp gpwtp gpwnuhLk; Ml Ml vd;w njhlhpy; ngw itf;fpwhh;. kdj;jLkhw;wj;jpid mfw;Wjy; “ khL eif ths; epyh vwpg;g tha;jpwe;J mk; gtsk; Jbg;g” (jpUg;nghw;Rz;zk;> gh:11) vd;w njhlh; xsp nghUe;jpa gw;fs; ntspNa njhpAkhW tha; jpwe;J ghLkpd; vd;w nghUisj; jUtjhFk;. mjhtJ KZKZf;fhky cuf;fg; ghl Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ,j;njhlh; Fwpf;fpwJ. Mdhy; ed;F thiaj; jpwe;J ghLk; nghOJ cjLfs; XusT mirANk jtpuj; Jbj;jhy; ,ayhj fhhpak;. czh;r;rpg; ngUf;fpy; thia ed;F jpwf;fhky; VNjh xd;iwr; nry;yj; njhlq;fpdhy; me;j czh;;r;rp ntspg;ghl;bd; tpisthf cjLfs; Jbf;Fk;. ,e;epiy jtpu ed;F tha; jpwe;J ghLk; nghOJ cjLfs; Jbg;gJ fbdk;. Mdhy; mbfshh; ,it ,uz;ilAk; xd;whf;fpg; ghLfpwhh; vd;why; tha; jpwe;J ghlg; ngWifapy; ntsptUk; nrhw;fs; ntWk; xypf;$l;lk; vd;W vd;gijj; njhptpf;fpd;whh;. tha;jpwe;Jk; ghlNtz;Lk; cjLfSk; Jbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;why; - me;jg; ghlypd; mbj;jsj;jpy; ,iwtd; Nky; nfhz;l fhjy; nghq;fpj; jJk;g Ntz;Lk;. me;j czh;T ntspg;gLk; nghOJ cjLfs; Jbf;fpd;wd.-me;j czh;tpy; Njha;e;J ntsptUk; nrhw;fs; mlf;f Kbahj czh;r;rpAld; ,ize;J tUjypd; thia ed;F jpwj;Nj mit ntsptu Ntz;bapf;fpwJ. Kaw;rp nra;jy; “ Qhdf; fUk;gpd; njspit ghif ehlq;F mhpa eyj;ij ee;jhj;” (jpUg;nghw;Rz;zk;> gh:15) ,g;ghlypy; ,iwtidf; fUk;gpd; njspT> ghF> Fiwahj Njd;> goj;jpy; fpilf;Fk; mit vd cUtfg; gLj;Jfpwhh;. fUk;gpypUe;J rhw;iw vLf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy; Kaw;rp Nkw;nfhz;Nl jPuNtz;Lk;. fUk;gpypUe;J rhw;iw vLf;f xU Kaw;rp rhw;wpypUe;J ghif vLf;f kw;nwhU Kaw;rpahFk;. Kaw;rp nra;jhy; jhd; ,dpg;ghd Ritia ngwKbAk; mJNghy jhd; ,iwtd;. tPLNgW ngWjy; rq;fg; ghly;fspNyNa $l ‘epd;dpy; rpwe;jit epd; ehkq;fs;’ vd tUtjhy; ,iwtd; jpUg;ngaiu tplhJ $wp> mjd; topahfNt tPL ngw;wth;fis ,e;ehL fz;lJ. “ Njth; fdhtpYk; fz;L mwpahr; nrk;kyhg; ghjq;fs; fhl;Lk; nry;tr;” (jpUg;nghw;Rz;zk;> gh:16)


TdLm 187

rptngUkhd; ntw;wp nghUe;jpa ,lgf; nfhbia tyf;ifapy; Ve;jpatd; Nr tyd; Ve;jpa (nty; nfhbahd;) rptngUkhd;> Nrtfd; vd;nwy;yhk; ghb tpspj;J mtDila ehkq;fisg; ghbg;ghbg; nghw;Rz;zk; ,bj;J ehKk; tPLNgWailNthk; vd;W $Wfpwhh;. epiwTiu fy;tpawpdhw; rpwe;jth;fs; E}y; Muha;r;rpapdhy; mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; mhpa nra;jpfisf; fy;tpawpT epuk;ghjth;fSk; fhl;rp khj;jpuj;jhy; fz;L czUk; tz;zk; nra;tJ Mly;ghlyhFk;. Mifahy;jhd; khzpf;fthrfh; ngUe;jifAk;> MjpAk; me;jKk; ,y;yhj mUl;ngUQ;Nrhjpapd; ngUikfisr; nrhy;y kfsph; tpisahl;Lfisj; Njh;e;njLj;jpapUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;zg;gLfpd;wJ. jpUg;nghw; Rz;zj;jpy; ,lk;ngWk; xt;nthU ghlypd; ,WjpapYk; <rd; ePuhLjw;Fhpa nghw;Rz;zj;ij ,bg;Nghk; vd;w fUj;J ,lk; ngWjypd; ,bg;gjwF ,lkhfpa cyf;ifapd; ngahpidNah ,g;gFjpf;Fg; ngauhfr; Rl;lhJ ,bf;fg;gLk; fz;zj;jpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;Jj; jpUg;nghw;Rz;zk; vdg; ngah; toq;fpAs;s rpwg;G vz;zj;jf;fJ. jpUkzk;> tpohf;fs; Kjypa ey;tpohf;fs; eilngWk; NghJ Njhuzq;fs;> khtpiy Kjypad njhq;f tpLjy; ,d;Wk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. caph;fspd; md;G nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. Jd;GWj;jf;$lhJ. %d;W kyq;fis mlf;fpdhy; rptid milayhk; vd;w fUj;J khzpf;fthrfhpd; ghlypd; top mwpaKbfpwJ. ,iwtdpd; ngaiu nry;Yk; NghJk;> epidf;Fk; NghJ kdjstpy; Vw;gLk; jLkhw;wj;jpid ePf;fp ,iwtd; mUs; Ghpthd;. gpwtpf; flypy; rpf;fpf; fiuNaWk; topawpahky; my;yypy; cod;W nfhz;bUf;Fk; Md;khf;fSf;F> Nehpilahf ,iwtd; jpUtbfisg; gw;wpf; nfhs;Sk; Mw;wy; ,y;iy. gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk;> ,y;yhky;- gw;wpf; nfhs;s topAk; mwpahj Md;khf;fSf;F xU khngUk; ek;gpf;ifiaf; fyq;fiu tpsf;fk; Nghy; khzpf;fthrfhpd; ghly; mikfpwJ.


TdLm 188

mfehD}w;wpy; tho;tpay; mwq;fs;

Kidth; ng.RNu~;

,izg; Nguhrphpau;> jkpoha;Tj;Jiw> = tpj;ah ke;jpu; fiy mwptpay; fy;Y}hp> Cj;jq;fiu

Kd;Diu kdpj tho;f;if caHthdJ> mupjhdJ. tho;jy; vd;gJ ,aw;if kdpjDf;F mspj;j ngUq;fUiz. fhw;Wk; ePUk;> ntg;gKk; ms;sf; Fiwahky; fhyk; fhykhf toq;fptUk; ,aw;ifg; Nguhw;wy;fs;. mtw;wpd; top midj;J trjpfSk; ngw;w khDluplk;> ,t;tpaw;if Mw;wiyr; rkkhfg; gfpHe;J tho;it mDgtpj;J thohky;> jq;fSf;Fs; rkak;> nkhop> ,dk;. rhjp Nghd;wtw;why; NtWgl;L kdpj cwTfisg; gpupj;jdH. tho;jy;> vd;gjd; nghUs; fhzhJ> GupahJ Ngha;tpl;lJ. GupahJ mopAk; kdpj ,dj;ij> jPa topapw; nry;Yk; kdpj mwpitr; nrk;ikg;gLj;Jk; fiytbtkhf ,yf;fpak; jpfo;fpwJ. xt;nthU fhyj;jpYk; Njhd;Wk; ,yf;fpaq;fs; mt;tf; fhyj;Nj thOk; kf;fSf;F thOk; vLj;NjhJfpd;wd. mit $Wk; tho;tpay; mwq;fs; mf;fhyj;jpw;F kl;Lkpd;wp fhyq;fle;Jk; kdpj ,dj;jpw;F topfhl;Lfpd;wd. mt;tifapy; mfehD}W> fhyq; fle;Jk; kdpj tho;f;iff;Fupa tho;tpay; mwq;fis vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. mfehD}W> nkhopAk; tho;tpay; mwq;fis tpsf;Ftjhf ,f;fl;Liu mike;Js;sJ. tho;tpay; mwq;fs; cyfpy; cs;s xt;nthU kdpjDk; jdf;nfd rpytw;iw tFj;Jf; nfhz;L> kw;wtHfSk; jkJ vjpHghHg;Gf;Fs; mlq;f Ntz;Lk; vd vz;Zfpd;wdH. mt;ntjpHghHg;G jfHf;fg;gl;L gpur;rpidahFk;NghJ tho;tpay; mwq; mq;F Njitg;gLfpwJ. mq;qdk; Njitg;gLfpd;w mwf;fUj;Jf;fs; midj;Jr; rKjha kf;fSf;Fk; Vw;Gilajhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; (,uh re;jpuNrfud;> (g.M.)>jkpo; ,yf;fpak; tho;tpaywk;> g. 21). kdpj tho;tpy; filgpbf;f Ntz;bad ,d;dit> Ntz;lhjd ,d;dit vd;W Ma;e;J fz;L ciuj;jNy tho;tpay; mwq; (,uh re;jpuNrfud;> (g.M.)>jkpo; ,yf;fpak; tho;tpaywk;> g. 146). MFk; vd;w fUj;jpw;Nfw;g mfehD}W> kf;fl; rKjhak; ePL ed;ndwpapy; tho;tjw;fhd tho;tpay; mwq;fisj; njhFj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. goe;jkpoHfs; mwj;jpd; ghy; mOe;jpa neQ;RilauhtH. GytHfs; kf;fs; gpd;gw;wp tho Ntz;ba tho;tpay; mwq;fis tiuaWj;Jf; $wpdH. mwj;jpd; fhtyHfshfpa mr;rhd;NwhHfs; toq;fpa nghd;nkhopfshfpa mwnewpfs; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fSs; rpwg;ghff; fUjg;ngWk; mfk;> Gwk; ,uz;bYk; ky;fpf; fplf;fpd;wd. ,tw;wpy; ,lk;ngWk; tho;tpay; mwq;fisg; gpd;tUkhW gFf;fyhk;. mitahtd:

1. rKjha tho;tpaywd;fs; 2. FLk;g tho;tpay; mwq;fs;

vd;gdthFk;. rKjha tho;tpay; mwq;fs; rKjhak; – tpsf;fk; rKjhak; vDk; nrhy;ypw;F MW tifahd nghUs;fisj; jkpo;g; Ngufuhjp $WfpwJ. mit>“kf;fspd; jpus;> nghUspd; jpus;> Nfhapypd; epUthf mjpfhupfspd; $l;lk;> nghJthdJ nghJthfNtZk; mtutHf;Fg; gq;F gpupj;NjDk; mDgtpf;fg;gLk; CHg; nghJr;nrhj;J> cld;gbf;if|| (M. NtYg;gps;is> jkpo; nyf;rpfd;> njhFjp> 3> g.1300) vd;gdthFk;.


TdLm 189

gz;ilf; fhyj;jpy; rKjhak; vDk; nghUshy; ~kd;gij| vDk; nrhy; ifahsg;gLtij “kd;gij fhf;Fk; epd; Giuik|| (GwehD}W> ghly; vz;> 210) vdg; GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;top mwpaKbfpd;wJ. jkpo;-jkpo;-mfuKjyp Nkw;Fwpj;j MW nghUs;fNshL ~kd;gij| vd;gijAk; Nru@j;Jf; $Wfpd;wJ (K. rz;Kfk;gps;is> jkpo;-jkpo;-mfuKjyp> g. 201) nre;jkpo; mfuhjp>“kf;fspd; jpus; nghJthdJ|| (e.rp. fe;ijah> nre;jkpo; mfuhjp> g. 244) vd ,UnghUs;fis kl;LNk jUfpwJ. ,tw;wpypUe;J gy ,dkf;fspd; $l;likg;Ng ~rKjhak;| vd;w nrhy; Fwpg;gij mwpayhk;. kdpjd; njhlf;fj;jpy; jdpj;J thOk; ,ay;G nfhz;ltdhfj; jpfo;e;jhd;. gpd;dH ghJfhg;Gf; fUjp kdpjHfs; xd;W NrHe;J $l;lk; $l;lkhf thOk;Kiw Njhd;wpaNghJjhd;> ~rKjhak;| vd;w xU epiy cUthdJ. fl;Lg;ghbd;wpj; jpupe;j epiykhwp kf;fs; $l;lk; xU fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; mlq;fpa rKjhakhf khwpa epiyapy; mJ jdf;nfd xU rpy tho;f;ifg; gz;GfisAk;> newpfisAk; nfhz;ljhfj; jpfoj; njhlq;fpaJ. njhlf;fj;jpy; czHT epiyapy; thoj; njhlq;fpa kf;fs; $l;lk; gpd;dH gFj;jwpAk; Mw;wyhy;> mwpTepiyapy; thoj; jiyg;gl;lNghJ> rKjhak; vd;w xU KOmikg;G cUthdJ. “jdpkdpjdpd; xd;Wgl;l $l;likg;Ng rKjhak; vdg;gLk;|| (g. kfhypq;fk;> jpU.tp.f.Tk; fhe;jpaf; Nfhl;ghLfSk;> g. 22) vd;Dk; fUj;Jk; ~rKjhak;| vd;w nrhy;YfFk; mjd; Njhw;wj;jpw;Fk; tpsf;fk; jUtdtha; mike;Js;sd. rKjhak; Nkd;ikaila mfehD}W tho;tpay; mwq;fisg; gFj;Jiuj;Js;sJ. rKjhaj;jpy; cs;s kf;fs; xOf;fj;Jld; tho;e;J cd;dj> xOf;fk; epiwe;j rKjhaj;ij cUthf;f fhyk; fle;J epd;W gad; ey;Fk; mwf;fUj;Jf;fisAk; tho;tpay; mwq;fshf ,it typAWj;Jfpd;wd. “ght newpapy; nry;YjYk;> ,uj;jYk; $lhJ” xUNghJk; ahUk; gpwu@ ntWf;fpd;w ght newpapy; nry;yf; $lhJ. mt;thW nry;yhky; ,Uf;ff;$ba ey;tho;f;ifia tho Ntz;Lk;. mJNt tho;tpay; mwk; MFk;. ,t;twj;ij kPwp tho;jy; $lhJ. NkYk; gpwH tPl;L thapypy; nrd;W ,uj;jy; $lhJ. mt;thW ,ug;gJ ,opthdJ. ,jidj; jtpHf;f Ntz;Lnkdpy; mwtopapy; nghUsPl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;W jdJ kidtpaplk; jiytdhdtd; $Wfpd;whd;. ,j;jifa tho;tpay; mwj;ij> “mwq;filg; glhm tho;f;ifAk;> vd;Wk; gpwd;filr; nryhmr; nry;tKk;> ,uz;Lk; nghUspd; MFk; Gidapio|| (mfk;.> 155) vd;w mfehD}w;Wg; ghly; vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wJ. ,jDld;> “<nad ,uj;jy; ,ope;jd;W|| vd;w GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;tup xg;G Nehf;fj;jf;fjhf mike;Js;sJ. FLk;g tho;tpay; mwq;fs; FLk;gk; mbg;gilr; rKjha myfhf tpsq;FfpwJ. “jpUkzj;jpd; %yk; gpizf;fg;gl;L xU FbapUg;gpy; fztd;> kidtp> jha;> je;ij> kfd;> kfs;> jk;gp> jq;if Nghd;w cwT KiwfSld; nghJg;gz;igg; gilj;Jk; fhj;Jk; tsHr;rpAWtNj FLk;gk;|| vdg; gpupl;lhdpaf; fiyf; fsQ;rpak; tpsf;fk; jUfpwJ. jkpo;f; fiyf;fsQ;rpak;>“FLk;gk; vy;yhr; r%fq;fspYk; cs;s mbg;gilahd mikg;G. FLk;gj;jpdpd;W cwT Vw;gLfpwJ. rKjhaj;jpd; gy;NtW gpupTfSf;Fk; FLk;gk; mbg;gilahdJ. ,f;FLk;gk; rKjha tof;fhYk; rkaj;jhYk; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ (jkpo;f;fsQ;rpak;> njhFjp> IV g. 8) vdf; FLk;gj;jpw;F tpsf;fk; jUfpwJ. gh];fy; fp];gHl; vDk; mwpQH>“jpUkz mbg;gilapy; cUthFk; XH capupdf; FONt FLk;gkhFk;. ,f;FLk;gk; kf;fl;Ngw;wpd; %yk; tpuptilfpwJ. cwT Kiwapy; njhlHigj; njspTgLj;JfpwJ. gz;ghl;L mikg;igf; fhj;J tUfpwJ. cWg;gpdHfspd; Njitfis epiwT nra;J nfhs;tjw;Fupa topfis tFf;fpwJ||(n[.ehuhazd; (nkh.ng.M.)> r%ftpaypd; mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfs;> g. 99) vd;W FLk;gk; gw;wp vLj;Jiuf;fpwhH.


TdLm 190

FLk;gj;jpd; Njhw;wk; gw;wp vq;nfy;];> xUjhu kzNk FLk;gj; Njhw;wj;jpd; mbg;gilahf mikfpd;wJ. FLk;g tho;tpd; Njhw;wj;jpy;jhd; r%f tho;T newpAd; mbj;jsk; mikfpwJ. r%fk; newpAld; tpuptilaf; FLk;gNk fhuzkhfpwJ|| (vq;nfy;]; gpulupf;> FLk;gk;> jdpr;nrhj;J> muR Mfpatw;wpd; Njhw;wk;> g. 179) vd;W $Wfpd;whH. nudhy;L];kpj;> FLk;gk; vd;gJ ,uj;j cwTfspd; topahfNth jpUkzk; %ykhfNth njhlHGila cWg;gpdu@fis cs;slf;fpa r%ff;FO vd;W nghJthff; fUjg;gLfpwJ|| vd;fpwhH. FLk;gk; rKjhaf; fl;likg;gpw;F mbg;gilahf miktJld; jdpkdpjg; gz;G tsHr;rp kw;Wk; ghJfhg;gpw;Fk; kdpj cwT Nkk;ghl;bw;Fk; mbj;jskhf tpsq;FfpwJ vd;gjid Nkw;$wpa fUj;Jf;fs; njspTWj;Jfpd;wd vdyhk;. mfehD}Wk;> GwehD}Wk; gz;gl;l FLk;g mikg;G rpwf;fTk;> FLk;gj;jpd; top rKjhaj;jpy; kf;fsplk; ew;gz;Gfs; Nkk;glTk; gy ed;ndwpfis toq;FfpwJ. mfehD}W ciuf;Fk; FLk;g tho;tpay; mwq;fis

1. fztd; – kidtpf;Fupa ,y;ywf; flikfs; 2. fztd; – kidtpf;Fupa gz;Gfs;

vd ,uz;L tifahfg; gFf;fyhk;. fztd;> kidtpf;Fupa ,y;ywf; flikfs; jpUkzj;jpw;Fg; gpd; jiytd;> jiytp ,UtUk; cly; cs;s mstpy; $b ,d;Gw ,y;ywj;jpy; <Lglj; njhlq;FtNj FLk;g tho;f;if vd;W ngaupl;L miof;fg;gLfpwJ. fztd;> kidtp ,UtuJ cwT kpf cd;djkhdjhFk;. ,y;ywk; ey;ywkhfj; jpfo Ntz;Lnkdpy; fztd;> kidtp cwT ed;F mikjy; eyk;. ,izgpupahj fztd;> kidtp cwT jhd; FLk;g kfpo;tpd; kFlkhf tpsq;Fk;. fztd;> kidtp cwT rupahf ,Ue;jhy;jhd; ,UtUila tho;f;ifAk; mikjpahf ,Uf;Fk;. mtHfSf;Fg; gpwf;ff;$ba Foe;ijfs; ey;y Foe;ijfshfr; rKjhaj;jpw;F Vw;w Foe;ijfshfg; gpwf;Fk;. vdNt fztd;> kidtpapilNa ey;YwT mtrpakhFk;. mfehD}w;wpd; ghly;fs; fztd; kidtp cwT gw;wpAk;> mtHfsJ ,y;ywf; flikfs; Fwpj;@Jk; njspTw vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. ,y;ywf; flikfs; epiwNtwg; nghUs; Njit. ,jid czHe;j jiytd; flikfisj; jpwk;gl Mw;Wtjw;Fg; nghUl;fUtpia ehLfpwhd;. Kd;NdhH itj;j jhag; nghUisf; nfhz;L ,y;ywk; nra;tijr; rpWikahff; fUJfpd;whd;. mjdhy; jiytd; jdJ kidtpia tpl;Lg; nghUspd; nghUl;Lg; gpupe;J Nghdhd;. ,/J mtdJ kidtpf;Fg; gpbf;ftpy;iy. ,jid> “mwq;filg;glhm tho;f;ifAk; vd;Wk; gpwd;filr; nryhmr; nry;tKk; ,uz;Lk; nghUspd; MFk; Gidapil vd;Wek; ,UnsH Ik;ghy; ePtpNahNu Neha;ehk; cof;Ft khapDk; jhk;jk; nra;tpid Kbf;f Njhop|| (mfk;.>155) vd;W kUjd; ,sehfdhH ghLfpwhH. ,g;ghlypy; fztdJ mwTzHTk;> khd czHTk;> kpf;fpUg;gij GytH Rl;b fztd; ,y;ywf; flik czHe;J nray;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; nkhoptJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. fztd; jd; kidahs; kPJk;> mts; ngw;w Foe;ij kPJk; md;GilNahdhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;twj;jpid> “flTl fw;nghL Fbf;F tpsf;fhfpa Gjy;tw; gae;j Gfo;kpF rpwg;gpd; ed;duhl;b|| (mfk;.184) vd;W mfehD}W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ,g;ghly; fw;Gila eq;ifNa kid tpsf;fhths;. me;eq;if ngWk; Foe;ij Fb tpsf;fhFk; vd;gjidAk; czu@j;jp mtu@fspUtiuAk; ghJfhj;jy; jiytdhfpa fztDf;Fupa flikahFk; vd etpy;fpd;wJ.


TdLm 191

nghUs; fhuzkhff; fztd; gpupfpd;wNghJ kidtp mtidj; jLj;jy; $lhJ. mtidAk;> mtd; tpidiaAk; tho;j;Jk; mwpTilNahshf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. m/J mtsJ ,y;ywf; flikAkhFk;. ,jid> “tpOepjp vspjpdpd; va;Jf|| (mfk;. 205) vd;w jiytpapd; $w;W top mfehD}W Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ. Rw;wj;jpidg; ghJfhj;jy; Rw;wj;jpdiuf; fhg;gJ fztd; kidtp ,UtuJ flikahFk; ,jid ,UtUk; nrt;itahfr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. jiytdpd; ,k;Kaw;rpf;Fj; jiytpAk; ,irjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;tpy;yw mwid> “,ug;NghH Ve;Jif epiwag; Gug;NghH Gyk;gpy; cs;snkhL Gjtje; Jtf;Fk; mUk;nghUs; Ntl;lk; vz;zpf; fWj;NjhH rpWGd; fpstpr; nry;yy; gho;gl ey;ypir jk;tapd; epWkhH|| (mfk;. 389) vd nkhopfpwJ. Rw;wj;ijf; fhf;fTk;> Nfl;bid tpyf;fTk;> gifia el;ghf;fTk;><j;J ctf;fTk;> Gfo; NjlTk; nghUisj; NjLfpwhd; fztd;. ,t;thW nra;jy; mtdJ ,y;ywf; flikahFk; vd;W mfehD}W(99) vLj;Jiug;gJ cd;dw;ghyjhFk;. tpUe;jpdiug; Nghw;wy; ,y;tho;f;iff; flikfSs; tpUe;Njhk;Gjiy ,d;wpaikahj gz;ghff; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. tpUe;Njhk;gy; vdgJ cau@e;j gz;ghFk;. mjdhw;whd; rq;f fhyj;jpy; tpUe;jpid Clw;wzpf;Fk; thapy;fSs; xd;W vdf; $wpdH. tpUe;jpid ,d;Kfq;fhl;b ,d;nrhy;yhb tuNtw;f Ntz;bapUj;jypd; tpUe;J te;jNghJ jiytp jiytd; khl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j Cliy kiwj;J itj;J> tpUe;Njhk;Gjw;Fupa Kiwfisf; Fwpj;Jj; jiytDld; fye;J ciuahb ,dpNj Kbg;ghs;. mfehD}Wk; tpUe;Njhk;giy ,y;ywf; flikahf typAWj;JfpwJ. ghfd; tPl;bd; Kd; tz;bia epWj;jpdhd;. jiytd; jd; Njhshy; mtid mizj;Jf;nfhz;L tPl;bw;Fs; GFe;jhd;. jiytp ey;ynjhU tpUe;J ngw;whs;. ,jid> “tiukUs; khHgpd; mspg;gdd; Kaq;fp kidf; nfhz;L Gf;fdd; neLe;jif tpUe;NjH ngw;wds; jpUe;jpio NahNs|| vd mfehD}W(384) nkhopfpwJ. mfehD}W nkhoptijg; Nghd;Nw GwehD}Wk; tpUe;Njhk;giy ,y;ywf; flikahf vLj;Jiug;gJ xg;G Nehf;fj;jf;fJ. ,y;yhs; tpUe;jpduhf te;j ghzHfSf;Fk; GytHfSf;Fk; cztpl;L> mtHfs; cz;gjdhy; cz;lhFk; Muthuj;jpy; kfpo;e;J NkYk;NkYk; mj;jifNahUf;F Ntz;batw;iw ,l;L cz;gpj;jypy; jsuhs; vd;gijAk;> mts; fztDk; mts; Nghd;Nw if Xahky; <Ak; gz;G gilj;jtd; vd;gijAk; GwehD}W vLj;Jf; $wp (Gwk; 334) mjid ,y;ywf; flikahfTk typAWj;JfpwJ. GwehD}w;Wj; jiytp eLfy;iy tzq;fp> “tpUe;njjpH ngWfjpy; ahNd|| (Gwk;.306) vd;W Ntz;Lfpwhs;. NkYk; fztd; ,y;yj;jpy; ,y;yhj NghJk; kfspH jk; ,y;yj;jpid Nehf;fp tUk; tpUe;jpidg; Nghw;wpdH. jdJ kidtpaplk; xU tpUe;jpdidf; fhl;b ,tid vd;Nghy; Nghw;W vd;W fztd; nkhopfpd;whd;. ,q;qdk; gy tpUe;N@jhk;Gk; epfo;r;rpfisg; GwehD}W(395> 101> 191>182) vLj;jpak;gp mjid ,y;ywf; flikahfTk; typAWj;JfpwJ. fztd; – kidtpf;Fupa gz;Gfs; fztd;> kidtp ,UtUk; ew;gz;Gfs; cs;stHfshf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW ,Ug;gJ ,y;ywj;ij ey;ywkhf;Fk;. fztdJ Gwg; Nghf;Fj; jhq;f ,aytpy;iyNa vd;W kidtp kpf tUe;Jfpd;whs;. Vt;thw;whDk; mts; kdk; ,iratpy;iy. ,jd; tpisT vd;dhFk;? FLk;gk;


TdLm 192

tWikg;gLk; Foe;ijfs; nkypnta;Jk;@ ,y;ywk; tw;wpg;Nghk; Mjypd;> mwpTilj; Njhop gpbthjj; jiytpia ,bj;Jiuf;fpd;ws;. nghWf;f mwpahikapdhy; njl;l Fbfisf; fhzhNah vd;W vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wds;. nghWg;gNj kidtpapd; nghWg;G vd;gJ Njhopapd; ey;Yiu. ,y;ywg; gpzpg;gpw;Fg; nghUl; gpzpg;G xU fhuzk; vd;gij> “guj;jik jhq;fNyh ,yndd twpJeP Gyj;jy; xy;Ynkh kidnfO kle;ij mJGye; Jiwjy; ty;ypNahNu Nra;Nahs; ePq;fr; rpy;gjk; nfhopj;Jj; Jhkl;L cz;L jkpauhfpj; Njnkhopg; Gjy;tH jpUq;Fkiy Ritg;g itFeH Mjy; mwpe;Jk; mwpahH mk;kt/ JlY NkhNu|| (mfk;. 371) vd;w Xuk;NghfpahH ghly; mwpTWj;JfpwJ. fztd; jtW nra;fpd;wNghJ kidtp nghWikahf ,Ue;J mtid ey;topg;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mJ ,y;ywj;jpd; khz;gpid caHj;Jk; vd;W kidtpf;Fupa gz;gpid ,g;ghly; vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. jiytd;> jiytp ,UtUk; xUtiu xUtu@ Gupe;J nfhzL tho;f;if elhj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. mg;NghJjhd; ,y;ywk; rpwf;Fk;. kidtp ,y;ywf; flikf;fhfj; Jd;gj;jpidg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk; ,jid> “midanfhy; thop Njhop kida jho;tpy; nehr;rp #o;td kyUk; kt;ty; khr;rpid fhl;b mt;ts ntd;whH Mz;Lr;nra; nghUNs|| (mfk;. 23) vd fe;juj;jdhupd; ghly; vLj;jpak;GfpwJ. Ntw;W}H nry;Yk; jiytd; jhd; jpUk;gp tUk; fhyj;ijr; nrhy;yhw; nrhy;ytpy;iy. nehr;rp kuj;jpd; fpisapy; Rw;wpf; nfhz;L fplf;Fk; Ky;iyf; nfhbiaj; jiytpf;Ff; fhl;b mq;F nghUs; <l;Lq;fhyk; mt;tsT ehs; jhd; vd;whd;. Ky;iy kyUk; fhykhfpa fhH gUtj;jpy; te;JtpLNtd; vd;gJ Fwpg;G fhytsNt nghUssT vd;W kidtpapd; fhjiy kjpj;Jf; $Wfpd;whd;. mJNghyNt fhHfhyk; tuf;fz;lJk; jiytp fztd; tuf; fhNzd; vd;W Vq;fp tpk;kp nta;JapHj;J tpotpy;iy. fztDf;fhf mjidg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhs;. ,t;thW mfehD}W jiytd;> jiytpapd; gz;Gfisr; Rl;bf;fhl;b ,y;ywk; rpwf;f> fztd; kidtp ,UtUk; xj;j fUj;Jilatuha; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd ,ak;GfpwJ. KbTiu kdpjd; tho;thq;F tho tho;tpay; mwq;fs; Kjd;ik NjitahFk;. tho;tpay; mwq;fs;> rKjhak; – tpsf;fk;>FLk;g tho;tpay; mwq;fs; kw;Wk; ,y;ywf; flikfs;>Rw;wj;jpidg; ghJfhj;jy; >tpUe;jpdiug; Nghw;wy; > fztd; – kidtpf;Fupa gz;Gfs; Mfpad gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy; mwpa Kbfpd;wd. rhd;nwz; tpsf;fk; 1. (,uh re;jpuNrfud;> (g.M.)>jkpo; ,yf;fpak; tho;tpaywk;> g. 21). 2. NkyJ> g. 146). 3. M. NtYg;gps;is> jkpo; nyf;rpfd;> njhFjp>3>g.1300) 4. (K. rz;Kfk;gps;is> jkpo;-jkpo;-mfuKjyp> g. 201) 5. (e.rp. fe;ijah> nre;jkpo; mfuhjp> g. 244) 6. (g. kfhypq;fk;> jpU.tp.f.Tk; fhe;jpaf; Nfhl;ghLfSk;> g. 22) 7. (jkpo;f;fsQ;rpak;> njhFjp> IV g. 8) 8. ||(n[.ehuhazd; (nkh.ng.M.)> r%ftpaypd; mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfs;> g. 99) 9. (Vq;nfy;]; gpulupf;> FLk;gk;> jdpr;nrhj;J> muR Mfpatw;wpd; Njhw;wk;> g. 179)


TdLm 193

KJnkhopfhQ;rpf; $Wk; tho;tpay; rpe;jidfs; ;

K. fy;gdh

KJfiyj; jkpo;> Kjyhkhz;L gr;rKj;J fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; kfspH fy;Y}up> jUkGup

Kd;Diu gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fspy; xd;W KJnkhopfhQ;rp. ,J mstpy; rpwpaJ> ghly; fzf;Fg;gb ghHj;jhy; E}W ghly;fs;> mbf;fzf;fpy; ghHj;jhy; E}w;Wg;gj;J mbfs;. Fws; jtpHj;j fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs; vy;yhk; ehd;fbfshd ntz;ghghly;fs; MFk;. xubahshd ,e;E}y; gj;J mjpfhuk;. ,e;E}y; mjpfhuj;jpy; Kjy; ghly; kl;Lk; ,uz;lbahy; MdJ. ,e;j nry;Aspd; tifFws; jhopir MFk;. mwj;ijAk;> ePjpnewpiaAk; $Wk; KJnkhopf;fhQ;rpapd; gj;J mjpfhuq;fs; gpd;tUkhW: “rpwe;jgj;J> mwpTgj;J> ngha;g;gj;J> vspagj;J> my;y gj;J Nghd;witahFk;. KJnkhopfhQ;rp vd;gJ xw;iw mbapdhy; cyfePjpfis vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. KJnkhop vd;why; gonkhop vd;W nghUs;. ,J fhQ;rpj;jpiz Jiwfspy; xd;whFk;. fhQ;rpj;jpiz> njhy;fhg;gpaH fhyj;jpy; epiyahikia gw;wpa Gwj;jpizahFk;. tho;ifia newpg;gl thoNtz;Lk; mj;jifa tho;ifNa rpwg;ghd tho;f;ifnadf; nfhs;syhk;. jkf;nfd thohJ gpwHf;nfd tho;tJ kdpj tho;tpd; ntw;wpahFk;. kdpjdpd; tho;tpay; rpe;jidia vLj;Jiug;gjhf KJnkhopfhQ;rp vspikahd nrhw;fshy; caHthd ,U muq;ffis $Ufpd;wd. tho;tpay; rpe;jidfis czHj;Jk; tpjkhf ,f;fl;Liu mikf;fg;gLfpwJ. KJnkhopf;fhQ;rpapy; tho;tpapy; rpe;jidaps; “ tho;f;ifNtz;LNthd; #o;r;rpjz;lhd; “ (jz;lhgj;J - 5) kdpjHfs; tho;tpy; nry;thf;Fngw;Wrpwe;Jthomtd; gytopfspy; Muha;e;Jnray;glNtz;Lk;. “ thohky; tUe;jpaJtUj;jk; md;W“ (my;ygj;J - 7) jhd; nrHJJ itj;j nghUis vy;yhk; ,y;iy vd;W jd;id ehbtUgtHfSf;F nfhLj;J cjTjy;. jd;dplk; cs;s nghUisf; nfhz;L jhDk; mjid gad;gLj;jp thohky; ,Ue;J> kw;wtUf;F nfhLj;J mtHfisAk; thohky; ,Uf;fr; nra;tjhFk;. KJnkhopf;fhQ;rpapy; tho;tpay; rpe;jidfs; gw;wpanra;jpfisf; $Uf;fpd;wd. jdpkdpjdpd; tho;tpapy; rpe;jidfs; jdpkdpjdpd; tho;f;ifapy; Vw;gLk; gy;NtW rpe;jidfs; cs;sd. mtd; md;whl tho;tpy; eilngWk; nray;fis rpe;jidAld; nry;agLfpd;whd;- mtw;Ws; fy;tp> mwpTilik> tha;ik> MSik> Muha;r;rp nrhy;td;ik> Nehaw;wtho;T> gpwH Jauj;jpw;F mQ;ry;> jtk; ,it Nghd;wtw;wpw;F xt;nthU ehSk; rpe;jidAld; nry;agLfpd;whd;. Fb gpwg;G gw;wpa rpe;jidfs; “ MHfypcyfj;Jkf;fl;Fvy;yhk; Nghupy; gpwe;jik<uj;jpd; mwpg“ (mwpTgj;J - 1) kdpjd; Fbgpwg;gpdhy; Nkd;ikailfpd;whd;. gue;Jtpupe;j ,t;Tyfpy; fly; #o;e;j gFjpfs; mjpfkhf fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j cyfpy; kdpjHfs; mtHfs; gpwe;j Fsj;jpd; Gfo; kw;Wk; ngUikfis mtHfs; ,iay;ghfNt nfhz;Ls;sd. mtHfsplk; ,uf;fFzk;> fUiz cs;sk; ,it Nghd;w rpwe;j Fzj;ij nfhz;Ls;sd. xUtdpd; Fbg;g;ug;gpdg; gw;wp rpwg;ghf $Wfpd;wd.


TdLm 194

fy;tpr;rpe;jidfs; fy;tp vd;gJ kdpjDf;Ff; fpilf;ff; $ba mopahj kpfg; ngUq; nry;tk; fy;tp MFk;. fy;tpia tsHj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; ek; tho;ifapy; mwpTk;> tsKk;> ghJfhg;Gk; fpilf;Fk;. fy;tp vd;gJ ek; tho;f;if Nkd;ikaila cjTk; xU fUtpahf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. “ Fyd; cilikapd; fw;Grpwe;jjd;W“ (rpwe;jgj;J - 7) xUtd; caHe;jFbapy; gpwe;jtd; vd;w ngUikia tpl> mtd; fy;tp mwptpy; rpwe;jtd; vd;W $WtNj rpwg;GilajhFk;. “ fw;wJcilikfhl;rpapd; mwpg“ (mwpTgj;J - 4) xUtH fy;tpia fw;Ws;shH vd;gij mtH ngw;Ws;s mwpitAk;> jpwidAk; nfhz;L mwpayhk;. ,it kl;Lk; ,y;yhky; mtupd; mikjpahd Njhw;wj; jpiditj;J fy;tpia fw;wtH vd;gij mwpayhk;. jpUf;Fwspy; fy;tp “ NfL,y; tpOr;nry;tk; fy;tpxUtw;F khLmy;ykw;iwait“ (Fws; - 400) xUtUf;F vd;nwd;Wk; moptpy;yhj rpwe;j nry;tk; fy;tp nry;tk;. kw;w nry;tq;fs; kzp> nghd;> Nghd;w nghUs;fs; rpwe;j nry;tk; vd;Wk; epiyngwhj nry;tk; MFk;. jdpkdpj xOf;fk; gw;wpa rpe;jidfs; “ MHfypcyfj;Jkf;fl;Fvy;yhk; Xjypy; rpwe;jd;WxOf;fk; cilik“ (rpwe;jgj;J - 1) MHfyp vd;gJ xypf;Fk; miyfis nfhz;l fly; vd;gjhFk;. fly; #o;e;j ,t;Tyfpy; thOfpd;w kf;fs; gy;NtW E}y;fis fw;W mwpT ngw;wpUg;gij tpl> ey;y xOf;fk; cilatuhf ,Ug;gJ rpwe;j tho;f;iff;F ed;newpahFk;. xOf;fj;ijkPwpdhy; mjdhy; mtHfSf;Fj; Jd;gk; Vw;gLk;. jpUf;Fwspy; xOf;fk; “ xOf;fj;jpd; va;JtHNkd;ik ,Of;fj;jpd; va;JtHva;jhg; gop" (Fws; - 137) xOf;fj;jpdhy; vy;yhUk; Nkd;ik milfpd;wdH-xOf;fj;ij jtwpdhy; mtHfs; jPuhj gopia milfpd;wdH. tha;ik gw;wpa rpe;jidfs; “ td;ikapy; rpwe;jd;Wtha;ikcilik“ (rpwe;jgj;J - 4) xUtH nry;tj;jpy; ,y;iy vd;W jtpj;Jf; nfhz;L ,Ug;gtHfSf;F “,e;jh" vd;W nry;tj;ij nfhLj;J cjTtijf; fhl;bYk; caHthdJ ngha; Ngrhky; ,Ug;gjhFk;. ,tw;wpy; jdpkdpjdpd; tha;ik gw;wp $Wf;fpwJ. nrhy; gw;wpa rpe;jidfs; “ nrhw; NrhHTcilikapd;vr; NrhHg;Gk; mwpg“ (mwpTgj;J - 8) xUtd; NgRk; Ngr;rpy; cs;s NrhHT NgRk;NghJ jLkhw;wk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. mtH kdjstpy; vy;yh tifapYk; NrhHe;J fhzg;gLfpd;wd vd;gij mwpe;Jf;nfhs;syhk;. “ Mf;fKk; NfLk; mjdhy; tUjyhy; fhj;JXk;gy; nrhy;ypd; fz; NrhHT“ (Fuy; - 642) Mf;fKk; mopTk; nrhy;fpd;w nrhw;fspdhy; jPik tUtjhy; xUtd; jtwhd nrhw;fisf; $whky; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. jPa nrhw;fis $whky; ey;y nrhw;fis kl;LNk $wp jd;id jPikapy; ,Ue;J fhj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.


TdLm 195

gpwH tUj;jj;jpw;F mQ;Rjy; kw;wtupd; Jd;gj;ijf; fz;L mtuplk; jd; fUj;ij $wp mtupd; Jauj;jpw;F mQ;rp mtUf;F MWjy; $wNtz;Lk;. “ fhjypy; rpwe;jd;Wfz;zQ;rg; gLjy; “ (rp. gj;J - 2) xUtiu md;ghf ghuhl;LtjpYk; rpwe;J: mtH Jd;gj;ijf; fz;L mtUf;F MWjy; $Wjy;. kw;wtiu Nghw;wp kupahij nrYj;jpAk; rpwg;ghd tho;f;if ghuhl;lg;gLtjpYk; Nkd;ik MFk;. Nehaw;wtho;T kdpjd; Neha;aw;W mtd; ePz;l fhyk; thoNtz;Lk;. “ Nehaw;wtho;NtFiwaw;wnry;tk; “ kdpjd; ve;jnthU Neha; nehbAk; ,y;yhky; tho;e;jhy; mJNt rpwe;jjhFk;. ve;j FiwAk; ,y;yhky; nry;tj;Jld; tho;jy;. “ cz;b nta;NahHf;F cWgpzp vspJ“ (vspagj;J - 7) kdpjHfSf;F cztpy; mjpf tpUg;gk; cs;stHfs;. mtHfs; Neha; nehb te;jiltJ kpfTk; vspjhFk;. cz;br; RUq;fpy; capHjhd; kPSk;. ,jid xitahH “kPJ}z; tpUk;Ngy;" vd;W $UfpwhH. jdpkdpjd; jtpHf;f Ntz;ba ngha;fs; “ ngUQ; rPNuhd;wd; ntFsp ,d;ikngha; “ (ngha; gj;J - 2) ngUQ;nry;tj;jpduplk; Nfhgk; ,Uf;Fk;> ,J ,y;iy vd;gJ ngha;ahFk;. nry;tk; mjpfkhf ,Ug;gJ nry;tHfis NfhggLj;j nra;Ak;. “ fs; cd;Nghd; NrhHtpd;ikngha; “ (ngh - gj;J -3) kJ cz;L kaq;fp ,Ug;gtdpd; clyhdJ NrhHe;J> cs;sk; jsHe;J kdk; jLkhw;wk; ,y;yhky; ,Uf;fpwhd; vd;gJ ngha; MFk; fs; cz;ltHfs; vg;NghJk; NrhHtiljy; ,ay;ghdit . “ fhyk; mwpahNjhd; ifAwy; ngha; “ (ngh.gj;J - 4) xU nraiy nra;J Kbf;f Njitahd fhyk; vJ vd njupahky; mij nra;aj; njhLq;Fgtd; me;jr; nraypy; Ntw;wp ngWtJ mtDf;F me;jr; nraypy; ntw;wp ngWtJ mtDf;F me;jnray; if $b tUtJ vd;gJ ngha; MFk;. “gUtj;NjgapHnra;" vd;gJ gonkhop. fhyj;ij mwpe;J nra;jhy; cyfNk cd; iftrkhFk; vd;gJ ts;StH thf;fhFk;. ehZilik gw;wpa rpe;jidfs; gopthuhJ tho;tNj ntw;wp kpf;f tho;f;ifahFk;. mt;thW gop te;jhy; mjw;F kdpjg; gz;ghFk;. “ eyDilikapd; ehZr; rpwe;jd;W" (rpwe;jgj;J - 6) vd;w ,e;E}ypd; ftpj; njhlH kdpjHfs; mofha; ,Ug;gij tpl NkyhdJ ehzj;Jld; ,Ug;gJ vd;fpwJ. ehzkpy;yhj tho;T vd;gJ ehzj;ij tpl;Lg; grpf;fhf ,opthdr; nray;fisr; nra;tjw;Fr; rkk;. mt;thW cz;gjhy; grpAk; mlq;fhJ gopAk; tpyfhJ. “ ehzpy; tho;f;ifgrpj;jypd; Jt;thJ" (Jt;thgj;J - 3) vd;W Nkw; Rl;ba fUj;ijf; ftpijahf Mf;fp epw;fpwJ KJnkhopfhQ;rp. KbTiu KJnkhopf;fhQ; vd;w ePjpE}y; ey;ywq;fisf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. ,e;E}iy ,aw;wpatH kJiuf; $lY}HfpohH. ,tH kdpjdpd; tho;tpay; Fwpj;j gy ey;ywf; fUj;Jf;fis vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;whH. jdpkdpj tho;tpaypy; kdpjd; jdf;F Fbg;gpwg;ghy; tUk; ngUik> fy;tpahy; tUk; rpwg;G> jdpkdpj tha;ik Nghd;wit fhl;Lfpd;wd. jdpkdpjdpd; tho;tpay; rpe;jidfis gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.


TdLm 196

ehyb ehD}w;wpy; mwk;

r.tpNdhjpdp

Ma;tpay; epiwQh;> jkpo;j;Jiw gr;rKj;J fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; kfsph; fy;Y}hp> jUkGhp

Kd;Diu jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpy; mw ,yf;fpaq;fs; Njhd;wpa fhykhff; fsg;gpuh; fhyk; Fwpf;fg; ngWfpd;wJ. gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F vd mit miof;fg;ngWk;. ,jpy; 11 mw ,yf;fpaq;fs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. ,t;tw ,yf;fpaq;fs; midj;Jk; kf;fspd; nghwhik> Nguhir> rpdk;> jPanrhy;> gif> ghtk; Nghd;wtw;iw ePf;fp ngUikiaj; jUk;. nry;tj;ijAk; ey;Fk;. mwnewpapy; tho;tNj tho;tpd; ,d;gk; vd $WfpwJ. ,f;fl;LiuahdJ ehybahhpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s mwf;fUj;Jf;fis Muha;tjhf mike;Js;sJ.

epiyahik xUtd; jd;dplkpUf;Fk; nry;tj;ijj;jhDk; mDgtpf;fhky;> gpwUf;Fj; jUkk; nra;J kjpg;Gk; ngwhky;> cah;e;j Gfio milahky;> jd; cwtpdh;fs; gLk; Jd;gk; mfYk; gb Njitahd nghUl;fisf; nfhLf;fhky; tPzhfg; G+l;b itj;J ghJfhg;gth;fs; MfpNahh; kf;fshfg; gpwe;Jk;> mjd; gaid milahky; Nkfj;jpy; Njhd;Wk; thdtpy;ypd; Njhw;wk; Nghy ahf;ifAk;> ,sikAk;> nry;tKk; mope;J Jd;GWth;. ,jid “clhmJk; cz;zhJk; jk; clk;G nrw;Wk; nflh mj ey;ywKk; nra;ahh;.” (ehyb - 10) vd;w thpapd; %yk;> rpw;wwptpid cilath;jk; nry;tj;ijr; nryT nra;J ey;y Milfis mzpahky;> czT nghUl;fis cz;zhky;> ,y;yhNjhh;f;Fr; nry;tj;ijf; nfhLj;J ey;ywk; nra;ahjth;fs; MfpNahhpd; nry;tk; jpUlh;fshy; fsthlg;gl;L> epiyaw;Wg; NghFk; vd;gij czuyhk;. “$j;jhl;L mitf;Fohj; jw;Nw ngUQ;nry;tk; Nghf;Fk; mJ tpspe; jw;W” (Fws; - 332) vd;W nja;tg;Gyth; $wpapUg;gJk; ,q;F Nehf;fj;jf;fJ. ahf;if kio ePhpy; Njhd;Wk; ePh;f;Fkpop Nghd;W Njhd;wpa clNd kiwAk; jd;ikf; nfhz;lJ ,t;Tly;. ,t;Tz;ikia czh;e;J> jk; ,sikg; gUtj;jpNyNa mwq;fs; gy nra;J mwnewpapy; epd;W tPLNgW ngw KaYjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jid> “ahf;ifia ahg;Gilj;jha; ngw;wth;jhk; ngw;w ahf;ifah yha gad;nfhs;f.” (ehyb - 28) vd;w thpahdJ $WfpwJ. tPl;by; jpUkzj;jpd; NghJ Nfl;Fk; kzg;giwapd; xypahdJ ePq;fp rhTg;ghiwapd; xypAk; gpw;fhyj;jpy; Nfl;Fk;. vdNt clk;G epiyaw;wij mwpe;J mwk; nra;f. nghiwAilik ed;F fw;W mwpa Ntz;baij mwpe;J mlf;fk; cilatuha;> gag;gl Ntz;bajw;Fg; gae;J> ek;ik ,fo;gth;fisAk;> jPik nra;gtiuAk; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;. NkYk;


TdLm 197

jkf;F jFe;jthW chpa nray;fis cyfk; kfpOkhW nra;J> mjdhy; milaj;jFk; gaidg; ngw;W ,dpikNahL tho;gthpd; tho;f;ifapy; Jd;gk; vd;gNj ,y;iy. “NgijNahb ahJk; ciuaw;f - Ngij Ciug;gpw; rpije; Jiuf;Fk; tifahd tOf;fpf; fopjNy ed;W.” (ehyb - 71) vd;w ghlypd; %yk;> mwptpy;yhjtd; Kiw jtwpj; jtwhfg; NgrpdhYk; mtDld; Ngrhky; Kbe;jtiuapy; mtid tpl;L eP tpyfp ,Ug;gNj cdf;F ed;ikiaj; jUk;;. “epiwAilik ePh;ikAilik nfhilNa nghiwAilik ngha;ik Gyhw;fz;” (Vyhjp - 5) vd;W nghiwAilikapd; khz;ig Vyhjp ciuf;fpwJ. gpwh; kid Nehf;fhik mLj;jtDf;F chpikahd kidtpapd; kPJ tpUg;gk; nfhz;bUg;gtdplj;jpy; mwk;> nghUs; Kjypad ePq;fp> gif> gop> ghtk; Nghd;w jPa gz;Gfs; NrUk;. ey;y gz;Gfs; rpwpJk; ,d;wp fPo; kf;fNshL $b> gpwd; kidtpia tpUk;gp ,d;gkiljy; ngUk; ghtj;jpw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. NkYk; ,g;gpwtpapy; Mz; jd;ikaw;w mypahfg; gpwe;J MbAk;> ghbAk; ,ue;J cz;gtuhth; vd;W> “typahw;gpwd; kidNkw; nrd;whNu ,k;ik mypahfp Mb cz; ghh;” (ehyb - 85) ,t;thpfs; $Wfpd;wJ. mwj;jpd; vy;iy jhz;bj; jtWfisr; nra;jhYk; nra;ayhk;. Mdhy; khw;whd; chpikf;F cl;gl;l xUj;jpapd; ngz;ikia tpUk;Gjy; ngUk; ghtkhFk;.

<if jk;kplk; nghUs; ,y;yhj NghJk;> jk;ik ehb ,ue;J Nfl;gth;fSf;F ,y;iynad;W $whky; jk;khy; ,ad;w msT nghUs; cilath; Nghd;W nghpJk; kfpo;e;J nfhilj;jd;ik nfhz;l <iff;Fzk; cilatiu thDyfj;Njth;fSk; Nghw;Wth;. kpfr;rpwpjsT mhprpahdhYk; jd;id ehbte;jtUf;F ehs;NjhWk; nfhLj;J mjd; gpwF czT cz;f. Kw;gpwtpapy; ahUf;Fk; cjthjth;fNs fly; #o;e;j ,t;Tyfpy; twpath;fshf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gJ rhd;Nwhh;fspd; thf;F. KuR nfhl;Lk; XirahdJ xU fhjJ}uk; Nfl;Fk;. thdj;J ,br;rj;jk; xU Nahrid njhiyT tiu Nfl;Fk;. rhd;Nwhh;fs; gpwh;f;Ff; nfhLj;J cjTk; nra;jpNah %Tyfq;fspYk; nrd;W guTk; vd;w $Wth; rkz Kdpth;fs;. ntFshik xOf;fq;fshy; cah;e;jth;> jk;ik tplj; jho;e;jth; jk;ik ,fo;e;J $Wk;NghJ kdk; Ntjid mile;J gjpYf;Ff; nfhLQ;nrhy; Ngrkhl;lhh;. Mdhy; fPo; kf;fs; jk;ik gpwh;> ,fo;e;jhy; mjidj; jhq;fhky; Cuhh; mwpa ciuj;J Jd;gkilth;. “cgfhuk; nra;jjid XuhNj jq;fz; thd;Njha; Fbg;gpwe;jhh;f; fpy;.” (ehyb - 69) vd;w thp> jhk; xUtUh;f;Fr; nra;j cjtpia vz;zpg; ghh;f;fhky;> gpwh; ekf;F Jd;gk; nra;jhYk; cah;Fbapy; gpwe;j rhd;Nwhh;fs; cjtpiaj; jtpu mth;fs; nra;j jPikia vz;zp vj;jifa nfLjiyAk; nra;a khl;lhh;fs; vd;gij vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. KbTiu khe;jUf;F mwnewpia tpl ed;ik jUtJ vJTk; ,y;iy. mjid kwe;J nghwhik> Nguhir> rpdk;> jPanrhy; Mfpa Fw;wr; nray;fspy; <Lgl;lhy; mtd; jd; tho;ehis tPzhf;fp tpl;L tPLNgW Kjypad mila KbahJ vd ,f;fl;Liu typAWj;JfpwJ.


TdLm 198

Mrhuf;Nfhit $Wk; xOf;fnewp

f.gphpah

KJfiyj;jkpo; Kjyhkhz;L> gr;rKj;J fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; kfsph; fy;Y}hp> jUkGhp

Kd;Diu kdpj thof;;iff;F Njitahd xOf;fj;jpid $WtJ Mrhuf;NfhitahFk;. xOf;fk; vd;gJ xUtUf;F cah;tpidAk; mtu;fspd; ed;dlj;ijAk; $Wfpd;wJ. gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fspy; Mrhuf;Nfhit vd;gJ mwf;fUj;ij $Wk; E}yhf cs;sJ. md;whl tho;f;ifapy; tpUe;Njhk;gy;> xOf;fnewp> czT cz;Zk; Kiw> rhd;Nwhhpd; ,ay;G> ePuhLk; Kiw>Nghd;w gy fUj;jpidAk;> xOf;fj;ijAk; giwrhw;Wk; nra;jpfis $WtNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. xOf;fnewp xOf;fk; vd;why; ed;dilj;ij vd;w nghUs; rq;ffhyq;fspy; xOf;fk; vd;why; caphpDk; NkyhdjhfTk; fUjg;gl;ld. xOf;fk; jtwpdhy; capiutplTk; jaq;fkhl;lhu;fs;. XOf;fk; vd;gJ jkpohpd; gz;ghlhf tpsq;FfpwJ. “ ed;wpawpjy; nghiwAilik ,d;nrhy; Nyh(L) ,d;dhj vt;Tapu;f;Fk;> nra;ahik fy;tpNahL xg;GuT jhNuhL el;ly; ,it vl;Lk; nrhy;ypa Mrhu tpj;J” (Mrhuf;Nfhit gh:1) ,g;ghlypy; gpwu; nra;j cjtpia kwf;f $lhJ. nghWik> ,dpa nrhw;fspy; NgRjy;> gpw capu;f;F Jd;gk; nra;ahjpUj;jy; fy;tp> mwpTilik Nghd;wit rhd;Nwhu; $Wk; xOf;fk; vd;W $wg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk; ,e;E}y; ,J Nghd;w gy xOf;f Kiwfis $Wfpd;wJ. Mrhuf;Nfhit $WtJ NghyNt jpUf;FwspYk; xOf;fj;ij gw;wpa nra;jpAk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. “ xOf;fj;jpd; va;Jtu; Nkd;ik ,Of;fj;jpd; va;Jtu; va;jhg; gop” (Fws; -137) xOf;fnewpapy; ,Ue;J tho;gtu; cau;it milth;. xOf;f newpapypUe;J jtwpdhy; ahUk; va;jf; $lhj gopia milth; vd;W jpUf;Fwspd; %yk; ts;Sth; $Wfpd;whu;. KJnkhop fhQ;rp vd;gJ ‘mwpTiuf;Nfhit> vd;W nghUs;> fhQ;rp vd;gJ epiyahik MFk;. ,e;E}ypYk; xOf;fk; gw;wpa fUj;J $wg;gLfpd;wd. “Mu;fyp cyfj;J kf;fl; nfhy;yhk; Xjypy; rpwe;jd;(W) xOf;fk; cilk” (KJnkhopghl;L-1) rq;f fhy kf;fs; $wpa xOf;f newpfis ,f;fhy kf;fs; nghpJk; nghw;Wtjpy;iy. czT cz;Zk; Kiw kdpj tho;f;iff;F “czT” vd;gJ ,d;wpahikahj xd;whf tpsq;FfpwJ. czT ,y;iy vd;why; ve;j xU capUk; capu; tho KbahJ. mj;jifa rpwg;G tha;e;j czit cz;Zk; Kiwfis Mrhuf;Nfhit rpwg;ghf vLj;Jfhl;LfpwJ. ePuhbf; fhy;fOtp tha;G+rp kz;lyk; nra;(J) cz;lhNu cz;lhu; vd;g;gLthu; my;yhjhu; cz;lhu; Nghy; tha; G+rpr; nrytu; mJntLj;Jf; (Mrhuf;Nfhit- 18) czT cz;Zk; NghJ fhy; fOtpa gpd;G thiaj;Jilj;Jk;> cz;Zk; fyj;ijr; Rw;wp ePu; ,iwj;J czit cz;z Ntz;Lk; vd;W $Wfpd;wd. NkYk; czitj; njhOJ ifahy;


TdLm 199

vLj;J rpe;jhky; cz;z Ntz;Lk;. Kjypy; ,dpg;G gpwF frf;Fk; czit filrpapy; itf;f Ntz;lk; vd gy fUj;ij $Wfpd;wJ. ghujpjhrd; ,aw;wpa FLk;g tpsf;F vd;w gilg;gpy; czT cz;Zk; Kiw gw;wp $Wfpd;wd. “thio ,iyapd; mb cz;ghh gyg;Gwj;jpy; tPb tphpj;Jf; fwp tiffs; -#bitj;Jf;” (gf;fk;-6) ,t;thW FLk;g tpsf;fpy; czT cz;Zk; Kiwia vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. rhd;Nwhhpd; gz;Gfs; fw;wwpe;j rhd;Nwhh;fs; jk; fw;w fy;tpia Nghw;Wk; tifapy; ele;J nfhs;tu;. gpwiu ,fo;e;J Ngr khl;lhu;fs;> rhd;Nwhu; ,Uf;Fk; mitapy; Ngrkhl;lhu;fs; vd;Wk; jd;Dila Fzj;jpypUe;J khwhky; ew;gz;Gld; tpsq;Ftu;. Mrhuf;Nfhitapy; rhd;Nwhhpd; gz;Gfis $Wfpd;wd;. “njwpte;Jk; jk;Futh; Ngh;ciuahh; ,y;yj;J cWkpnebJk; ,uhmh; nghpahiu vd;W Kiwnfhz;L $whu; GiyaiuAk; ed;fwpthu; $whh; Kiw” (Mrhuf;Nfhit 80) rhd;Nwhh; vdg;gLgtu; jdf;F jPik tpistpj;jhYk; Nfhgk; nfhs;s khl;lhu;fs;. jk; nghpatupd; ngaiu thahy; $w khl;lu;fs; nghpNahiu ,fo;e;J Ngr khl;lhu;fs;. ,JNt rhd;Nwhhpd; gz;Gfs; MFk;. Nrf;fpohu; ,aw;wp nghpaGuhzk; mWgj;J %d;W ehad;khu;fspd; tuyhw;iw $Wk; E}yhf cs;sJ. ,jpy; nka;fz;l ehadhu; Guhzk; rhd;Nwhhpd; gz;GfSf;F rpwg;Gw;W tpsq;Ffpd;wd. tpUe;Njhk;gy; goq;fhy kf;fspd; tho;tpy; rpwe;j gz;ghlhf tpUe;Njhk;gy; cs;sJ. tpUe;Njhk;gy; vd;gJ jkpoupd; gz;ghlhfTk;; cs;sJ. ek; ,y;yk; Njb tpue;jpdu; ,utpy; te;jhYk; mtu;fis Kfkyu;r;rpAld; tuNtw;W mth;fSf;F md;Gld; tpUe;J gilj;J cgrupg;gNj rpwe;j tpUe;Njhk;gy; gz;ghFk;. ,j;jifa tpUe;Njhk;giyg; gw;wpa nra;jp Mrhuf;Nfhitapy; $wg;gl;Ls;sd. “KWty; ,dpJiu fhy;ePu; kizgha; fplf;ifNah(L) ,t;ite;Jk; vd;gjiyr; CnzhL nra;Ak; ,wg;G” (Mrhuf;Nfhit-54) ek; tPl;bw;F tUk; tpUe;jpdiu ,dpa nrhw;fis $wp tuNtw;W. mku ,lk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpd;G Kfkyu;rpAld; tpUe;J gilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W $Wfpd;wd. ghujpjhrd; ,aw;wpa FLk;gtpsf;F vd;w gilg;gpy; tpUe;Njhk;gypd; rpwg;gpid vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wd. “tUk; tpUe;ijj; jhd;fz;lhs; : ifNae;jpg; G+z;l kfpo;tha; GfNoe;jp Ntz;b tUf !mk;kh tUf ! Iah tUf” (FLk;g tpsf;F gf;- 58) FLk;g tpsf;fpy; tPl;bw;F tUk; tUe;jpdiu nre;jhkiu kyu; Nghd;w Kfj;Jld; tuNtw;why; vd;Wk; tpUe;j gilf;Fk; KiwikAk; vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wd. rq;ffhy kf;fspila ,Ue;j tpUe;Njhk;gy; gz;G ,d;iw kf;fspila mit fhzg;gLtjpy;iy.


TdLm 200

ePuhLk; Kiw ePuhLk; Kiw vd;gJ jpde;NjhWk; epfOk; epfo;Tfspy; xd;whf cs;sd. ekJ cliy J}a;ikahf itj;Jf;nfhs;s ePu; vd;gJ mtrpakhf cs;sJ. ePuhLk; ,lq;fis Rj;jkhfTk; itj;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;;;;. ePu; vd;gJ GdpjkhdJ Ik;G+jq;fspy; xd;whf jpfo;fpwJ. mj;jifa ePhpy; ePuhLk; Kiw gw;wp Mrhuf;Nfhit tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. “ePuhLk; Ngho;jpy; newpg;gl;lhh; vQ;Qhd;Wk; ePe;jhu; copahh; jpidahu; tpisahlhh;. fhae;jJ vdpDk; jiy xope;J MlhNu Ma;e;J mwtp dth;” (Mrhuf;Nfhit gh-14) ,jpy; ey;ynewpapy; cs;s rhd;Nwhh;fs; ePuhLk; fhyj;jpy; Fsk; Kjypatw;iw ePe;j khl;lhu;fs;. vr;rpiy ckpo khl;lhh;fs; NkYk; mf;Fsj;jpy; tpisahlh khl;lhh;fs; vd;W $Wfpd;wd; rq;ffhyj;jpy; ePiu GdpjkhdJ vd;W fUjpdu; Mdhy; ,d;iw kf;fs; ePiu mRj;jkhFfpd;wd. ePiu tPzhf;Ffpd;wd. ePupy; fg;igfis nfhl;Ljy; Nghd;wit nra;fpd;wd. <e;Jz;f gpw capu;fSf;Fk;> NehAw;wtu;fSf;F czit nfhLj;J gpd; cz;Zjy; vd;gJ kdpjdpd; xOf;fkhf jpfo;fpwJ. gpw cau;fSf;F nfhLj;J cz;Zk; xOf;fnewpia Mrhuf;Nfhitapy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. “tpUe;jpdu; %j;Njhu; gRrpiw gps;is ,tu;f;(F) Cz;nfhLj;jy;yhy; cz;zhNu vd;Wk; xOf;fk; gpioah jth;” (Mrhuf;Nfhit -21) xOf;fk; jtwhj rhd;Nwhh;> vd;gth; tpUe;jpdu;fs;> Kjpatu;> gRf;fs;> gwit> gps;isfs; Nghd;witf;F czT nfhLf;fhky; jhDk; cz;z khl;lhu;fs;. ,itfSf;F czT toq;fpa gpd;dNu cz;Ztu; ,f;fUj;ij VyhjpAk; topAUj;jpfpwJ. “flk;gl;lhu; fhg;G,y;yhu; ifj;J ,y;yhu; jk;fhy; Klk;gl;lhu; %j;jhu; %g;G ,y;yhu;F” (Vyhjp-58) rq;ffhyj;jpy; gpwUf;F nfhLj;J cz;Zk; gbf;fk; ,Ue;jd. ,d;iwa fhyj;jpy; ,e;j gof;fk; ,y;iy. ,Ug;gpDk; rpyu; kdpjNeaj;Jld; czit toq;fp tUfpd;wdh;. KbTiu ,f;fl;Liuapy; Mrhuf;Nfhit $Wk; xOf;f newpfshf> czT cz;Zk; Kiw gpwUf;f nfhLj;j gpd; cz;Zjy;> ePuhLk; Kiw> rhd;NwhUf;F chpa gz;Gfs;> tpUe;Njhk;gy; gz;Gfs; nghd;w gy xOf;f newpia ehk; md;whl tho;tpy; filgpbj;jhy; ehk; tho;f;ifapy; cau;it milth; vd;gij ,f;fl;Liu %yk; mwpayhk;.


TdLm 201

jphpfLfk; fhl;Lk; mwr;rpe;jidfs;

f.mgpeah


jphpfLfk; fhl;Lk; mwr;rpe;jidfs; gjpnzd;fPo;fzf;F E}y;fspy; xd;W “ jphpfLfk;” vd;Dk; E}y;. ,e;j E}yhdJRf;F> kpsF> jpg;gpyp Mfpa %d;W kUj;Jtg; nghUs;fis nfhz;ljhFk;. ,k;%d;Wk; kdpjdpd; cly; gpzpia Nghf;FtJ Nghy “jphpfLf E}ypy; $wg;gl;Ls;s mwf;fUj;Jf;fshd rhd;Nwhh; nray;> ew;gz;Gfs;> fw;Gil ngz;BH fw;Nwhh; ,ay;G> ed;wpkwthik> <ifj;jd;ik> el;gpd; rpwg;G> tUikepiy> ,e;j fUj;Jfs; midj;Jk; jphpfLfk; $Wk; fUj;Jf;fis gpd;tUk; fl;Liuj; njhFg;gpy; fhz;gpj;Js;Nsd;. “ jphpfLfj;jpy;” $wg;gl;Ls;s mwf;fUj;Jfs; midj;Jk; kdpjdpd; kdg;gpzpia Nghf;fp ey;topg;gLj;j cjTfpd;wJ vd;gij vLj;Jiug;gNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. jphpfLfk; jphp+fLfk; =jphpfLfk;. “ jphp” vd;gJ %d;W vd;gJ nghUs; “ fLfk;” vd;gJ ctHg;G> JtHg;G Fzk; nfhz;lRf;F> kpsF> jpg;gpyp vDk; %d;W nghUs;fisAk; nfhz;lJ. ,it vt;thW kdpjdpd; cly; gpzpia Nghf;Ffpd;wNjh mJg;Nghy jphpfLf fUj;Jf;fs; midj;Jk; kdpjdpd; kdg;gpzpiaAk; Nghf;Ffpd;wJ. mwk; mwk; vd;why; xOf;fk; vd;W nghUs;gLk;. nghwhik> nfhy;yhik> Nguhir> Nfhgk;> fLQ;nrhy;> nghwhik> gopr;nrhy; Ngrhik Mfpa ,tw;iw vy;yhk; jk; tho;tpy; ,Ue;J xopj;J gpd;dh; mwnewp xOf;fKila tho;tpid tho;tNj MFk;. rhd;Nwhh; nray; ehk; thOk; tho;f;ifapy; ek;Kila ew;gz;Gfis cila Fzj;jpy; ,Ue;Jkhwf;$lhJ. jd; Fzj;jpy; ,Ue;J rpwpJk; khw;wk; Vw;glhJ> jk; Kd;Ndhh;fshfpa rhd;Nwhh; jdf;F ,l;;lg;gzpia nrt;tNd nra;J Kbg;Ngd;> tho;f;if eilKiwapy; rpwe;J tpsq;Fk; me;jzh; tho;tpaiy gpd;gw;wpNa tho;tJk; Mfpa ,k;%d;WfUj;Jk; rhd;Nwhh; topr;nry;Yjw;FhpajhFk; ,f;fUj;jpid “jd;Fzk; Fd;whj; jifikAk; jhtpy;rPh; ,d;Fzj;jhh; Vtpdnra;jYk; - ed;Fzh;tpd; ehd;kiwahsh; topr;nryTk; ,k;%d;Wk; Nkd;Kiwahsh; njhopy;” (jphp -2) ,g;ghly; Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ. “rhd;wth; rhd;whz;ikFd;wpd; ,Uepyj;jhd; jhq;fhJkd;Ndhnghd;w” (jphp– 990) ,t;Tyfpy; gy ew;gz;Gfis nfhz;l rhd;Nwhh;fs; jd; rhd;whz;ikapy; ,Ue;JFd;wtuhapd; ,g;nghpa cyfNk jd; ghuj;ijr; Rkf;f ,ayhky; mope;JtpLk;. vd;W rhd;Nwhh; nraYf;F ts;Sthpd; fUj;jhFk;.


TdLm 202

ew;gz;Gfs; mwpthYk; gz;GfshYk; epiwe;j rhd;Nwhh;fs; tPw;wpUf;Fk; rigapy; jd;Dila rpwg;igAk;> jhd; gpwe;jFbapd; rpwg;gpidAk; $wpgpd; me;j ,lj;jpy; jd;Dila fy;tpr;rpwg;gpidAk; $wpjd; kd;dd; kfpOk; mstpw;F giftiu ntd;W ntw;wpAld; tUjYk; Mfpa ,k;%d;W ew;Fzk; ciljiy ciuj;Js;sJ. ,f;fUj;jpid “njhy;yitAs; Njhd;Wk; FbikAk; njhf;fpUe;j ey;yitAs; Nkk;gl;lfy;tpAk; - nty;rkj;J Nte;Jtg;gml;lhh;j;jntw;wpAk; ,k;%d;Wk; jhe;jk;ikf; $whg; nghUs;” (jphp -28) ,g;ghly; Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ. “MHfypcyfj;Jkf;fl; nfy;yhk; Xjypy; rpwe;jd;(W) xOf;fk; cilik” (K>nkh>fh10) ,t;Tyfpy; tho;fpd;w kf;fsy;yhf;Fk; fy;tp mwpit tpl xOf;fKilikNa rpwe;jjhFk; vd;W jpUts;StH ew;gz;GiljYf;F rhd;Wf; $wpAs;shh;. fw;Gilngz;Bh; jd;id ehbtUfpd;w tpUe;jpdiu ed;F ,d;Kfj;NjhL tUf tUfNt vd $wpAk; tpUe;J cgrhpj;J jd; fztDf;F ey;y kidtpahfTk;> vy;yhehSk; jd; tPl;bw;F vt;tpjkhd jPq;Fk; tuhky; md;ghy; fhj;jYk;> jk;Kila rpwg;G ngahpidfhf;Fk; ty;yikAila Foe;ijfis ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy; Mfpa ,k;%d;Wk; fw;Gil ngz;BUf;F chpajhFk;. ,f;fUj;jpid “ey;tpUe;JXk;gypd; el;lhshk; itfYk; ,y;Gwk; nra;jypd; <d;wjha; - njhy;Fbapd; ‘kf;fs; ngwypd; kidf;fpoj;jp ,k;%d;Wk; fw;Gilahs; G+z;lfld;” (jphp 64) ,g;ghly; Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ. “jk;NkdpNehf;fhh; jiyAsuhy; ife;nehbahh; vk;NkdpahapDk; Nehf;fhh; jiykfd; jk;Nkdpmy;yhy; gpw (Mrhuf;Nfhit 77) fw;Gil ngz;fs; ahUk; jd; fztdpd; cly; moif jtpu NtW MltH cly; vt;tsT moFilajhf ,Ue;jhYk; ghh;f;fkhl;lhh;. JkJ clk;gpd; moifAk; ghh;f;fkhl;lhh;. Jiy kaphpid Nfhjkhl;lhh;. ife;nehbj;jy; Kjypad nra;akhl;lhh;. NkYk; ,f;fUj;jhdJ Mrhuf; Nfhit Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ. fw;Nwhh; ,ay;G mwpT grpiag; Nghf;Fk; E}y;fis ed;Ffw;W me;E}ypd; fUj;jpid czHe;Jf; nfhz;L xU E}Yf;F gad;glhj Ntw;W nrhy;iy mtH Nfl;bDk; nrhy;yhjpUf;fNtz;Lk;. fPo;kf;fsplk; NruhjtHfSf;F nrhy;yp Ghpaitj;jYk; Mfpa ,k;%d;W fUj;JfSk; fw;Nwhh; ,ay;ghFk;. ,f;fUj;jpid “Ez;nkhopNehf;fpanghUs;nfhsYk; E}w;Nfiu ntz;nkhopNtz;bDk; nrhy;yhiked;nkhopiar; rpw;wpdk; my;yhh;fz; nrhy;yYk; ,k;%d;Wk; fw;wwpe;jhh; G+z;lfld;” (jphp-32) ,gg;hly; Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ. “jhk; ,d; GWtJcyF,d;GWtJfz;L fhKWtHfw;Wmwpe;jhh;” (jphp 399) fy;tp mwptpid ngw;wtHfs; mf;fy;tp mwptpdhy; tUk; kfpo;r;rpapid jhk; kl;Lk; mDgtpf;fhky; cyfpy; cs;stH midtUk; mDgtpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd epidg;gh;. ,ijfz;L


TdLm 203

fy;tp mwpTilatH jhd; fw;w fy;tpia Nkd;NkYk; ngUf;fpf; nfhs;s tpUk;Gth; vd;W jpUts;StH tpsf;fk; je;Js;shh;. ed;wp kwthik xUtH jdf;F nra;j cjtpahdJ rpwpjhf ,Ue;jhYk; mt;Tjtpia jd; capHkhAk; tiu epidj;Jg; ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. fw;wwpe;j rhd;Nwhh; Kd; mitapy; ntl;fg;gLjYk; jhd; mile;j nfhLikia ciuf;fYk; $lhJ. kw;wtH itj;j milf;fyg; nghUis jk; nghUs; vd chpik ghuhl;Ljy; $lhJ vd;Wk; jphpfLfk; $WfpwJ. ,f;fUj;jpid “ed;wpg; gad;J}f;fhehzpypAk; rhd;Nwhh;Kd; kd;wpy; nfhLk;ghLciug;ghDk; - ed;wpd;;wp itj;jmilf;fyk; nfhs;thDk; ,k;%tH vr;rk; ,oe;Jtho;tH” (jphp 62) ,g;ghly; Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ. “vOikVOgpwg;Gk; cs;StHjk;fz;; tpOkk; Jilj;jtHel;G” (jpUf;Fws; 107) ey; mwptpy; rpwe;j rhd;Nwhh;f;F vd;Nwh Xu ehsl Vw;gl;l jPtpidapid ePf;fpatHfspd; el;ig mr;rhd;Nwhhpd; topg;gpwe;j gy jiyKiwapdUk; epidj;J Nghw;WtH vd ts;Sthpd; fUj;jhFk;. <ifj; jd;ik ,e;j cyfpy; gpr;irg; ghj;jpuj;ij Ve;Jk; thpatUf;F jk; nry;tj;ijf; nfhLj;J cjTjYk; ,t;;Tyfpd; epiyikia mwpe;J mjd; top elj;jYk; ve;j capHfSf;Fk; Jd;gj;ijjuhj ey;y nraiy nra;aNtz;Lk; Mfpa ,;k;%d;Wf; fUj;Jk; gpwUf;F cjTk; kdg;ghd;ikahFk;. ,f;fUj;jpid “,y;yhh;f;Fxd;W<Ak; cilikAk; ,t;Tyfpy; epy;yhikcs;Sk; newpg;ghLk; - vt;TapHf;Fk; Jd;GWtnra;ahj J}a;ikAk; ,k;%d;Wk; ed;wwpAk; khe;jHf;Fcs” (jphp - 68) ,g;ghly; Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ. “ItifehSk; ,fohJmwk;nra;f Nga;ftpUe;jpw;Fk; $o;” (Mrhuf;Nfhit 48) ek; tho;f;ifapy; kdpjh;fshy; epfof;$ba jpUkzk;> jpUtpoh> gpjpuHf;F rpwg;G nra;Ak; ehs;> tpoh ehs;> ahfk; nra;Ak; ehs; Mfpa ,e;j Ie;J ehl;fspYk; jtwhky; mwk; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. me;ehspy; tUfpd;w tpUe;jpdUf;F tapuhw czT toq;fy; Ntz;Lk; vd;W Mrhuf;Nfhit Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ. tWik epiy xUFsj;jpw;F te;J NrUk; ePH top fhy;thahdJ ed;F mikf;fg;glhky; ,Uj;jYk; Foe;ijtapuhw jd; jhapd; Kiyapy; ghiyg; gUfhky; jtpf;fpd;w epiyAk; ed;F rpwg;Gila Kiwapy; fy;tp fw;fhjkhzhf;fDk; Mfpa ,k;%d;Wk; tUik epiyahf $wg;gLfpd;wdH. ,f;fUj;jpid “tha; ed;fikahf; FsKk; tapuhu jha; Kiycz;zhf; FotpAk; - Nra;ku fy;tpkhz;gpy;yhjkhe;jUk; ,k;%ttH ey;FyTNrug;gl; lhh; (jphpfLfk; 84) ,g;ghly; Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ. “fy;yhjhd; jhd;fhZk; El;gKk; fhjpuz;Lk; ,y;yhjhd; Vf;fKj;jnra;jYk; (rpWghzhw;Wgil 5) ,g;ghly; thpfs; tWik epiyapy; ,Ug;gthpd; jd;ikapid $Wfpd;wJ.


TdLm 204

el;gpd; rpwg;G cyfpy; cs;s midj;J ew;Fzj;jpidAk; ngw;W jpfof;$ba rhd;Nwhhplk; jk;ik cah;e;jtd; vd;W fUjg;glf;$ba rpwg;gpid ngWjYk; ek; tho;f;ifapy; ek;kplk; nry;Yk;> tUk;> NghFk; ,Jg;Nghd;w ve;epiyapYk; xNu jd;ikauha; md;G nfhz;L el;ghapUe;jthplk; rpwpjsTk; md;G kwthky; goFk; ,ay;G cilatd; vd;W Gfog;gLjYk; Ntz;Lk;. jhd; $Wtij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shjthplk; nrhy;yh jpUj;jYk; Mfpa ,k;%d;W fUj;JfSk; el;Gf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; rpwg;ghFk;. ,f;fUj;jpid “rhd;NwhUs; rhd;whd; vdg;gLjy; ve;ed;Wk; Njha;e;jhUs; Njha;e;jhd; vdg;gLjy; - gha;e;njOe;J nfhs;shUs; nfhs;shj $whik ,k;%d;Wk; ey;yhd; toq;Fk; newp (jphp 82) ,g;ghly; Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ. “moptpditePf;fpMWa;j;Jmoptpd;fz; my;yy; cog;gjhk; el;G (jphp 787) mopitj; juf;%ba jPikfspypUe;J ePf;fp ey;topapy; elf;f nra;J mopT te;j fhyj;jpy; jhDk; cldpUe;J Jd;gk; mDgtpg;gNj ey;y el;ghFk; vd;gJ jpUts;StH fUj;jhFk;. NkYk;> “tUtd; vd;wNfhdJngUikAk; mJgOJ ,d;wpte;jtd; mwpTk; tpaj;njhWk; tpaj;njhWk; tpag;gpwe;jd;Nw” (Gwk; -270) ,g;ghly; el;gpd; rpwg;igNa $WfpwJ. jphpfLfj;jpy; cs;s %d;W Kf;fpa kUe;Jt nghUl;fSk; kdpj clYf;F ed;ikaspg;gJ Nghy; ey;y mwf;fUj;Jf;fs; gyTk; ,e;E}ypd; thapyhf mwpTWj;jg;gLfpwJ. kdpjDf;Fhpa ew;gz;Gfs; ahTNk mwkhf fUjg;gLfpwJ vd;gij ,e;E}y; ekf;F vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. Xt;xnthU kdpjDk; jd; tho;ehspy; nra;a $ba nfhiyGhpjy;> Gyhy; cz;Zjy;> Nfhs; %l;Ljy;> ngha; NgRjy;> gpwHkidf; ftHjy;> fy;yhik> gpwH nghUis jpULjy; Mfpa Fw;wq;fis vy;yhk; nra;af; $ba kdpjdpd; kdij khw;wp ey;topg;gLj;j ,e;j “jphpfLfk;” vDk; mwf; fUj;Jf;fshdJ cjTfpd;wJ vd;gNj ,e;jfl;Liuapd; thapyhf jd; mwr;rpe;jid fhl;Lfpd;wJ.


TdLm 205

gjpw;Wg;gj;jpy; GutyH nfhilawk;

F.jPgh


mkpo;jhd mUe;jkpopd; capHg;ghfj; jpfOk; rq;fj;jkpo; E}y;fs; mwpT eyj;jpy; Nkk;gl;L tho;e;j ek; Kd;Ndhh;fs; ekf;fhf Nrkpj;J itj;j xg;gw;w fUt+ykhFk;. nre;jkpo; nkhopapd; mtpHRlH kzpahfj; jpfOk; vl;Lj;njhif E}y;fSs; gjpw;Wg;gj;Jk; xd;W. gjpw;Wg;gj;Jf; $Wk; NruHfspd; Nghh;j;jpwikAk;> ntw;wpr; rpwg;igAk; Gfo;e;Jg; ghba GutHfSf;F Nte;jHfs; ey;fpa nfhilAk; gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;. jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; nfhilj;jpwk; ‘gOkuk; ehbr;nry;Yk; gwitfs; Nghy’ Nte;jHfspd; Nghh;j;jpwk;> tPuk;> ntw;wpr; rpwg;G> ehl;L tsk;> nfhilj; jd;ik Nghd;wtw;iwg; Gfo;e;J ghbtUk; GytHfSf;F kdk; cte;J toq;fpa nghd;> nghUs;> ghp> fhp> ehL> efH Nghd;w ghpRg; nghUs;fisAk; GytHfs; tpUk;gp Nfl;gdtw;iw ,y;iy vd;W $whJ kd kfpo;Tld; ey;fpa kd;dHfspd; caHe;j gz;Gk; ePjpj;jtwhj Ml;rpKiw nfhil khz;G Nghd;wtw;iw GwehD}W> Mw;Wg;gil E}y;fs;> fypq;fj;Jg;guzp Nghd;w jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; rhd;Wld; gfpHfpd;wd. gz;ilj; jkpo;Nte;jHfs; nfhilj;jpwk; kpf;ftHfshf tpsq;fpa ghd;ikia ,t;TyNf mwpAk; vd;gjpy; rpwpJk; Iakpy;iy. gjpw;Wg;gj;jpy; NruNte;jHfspd; nfhilawk; ePjp jtwhJ Ml;rp nra;J te;j cjaQ;Nruyhjd; - Ntz;khs; ey;ypdp MfpNahhpd; Gjy;tdhd “,katuk;gd; neLQ;Nruyhjd;” ,uz;lhk; gj;jpd; jiytd; Mthd;. ,td; giftUld; Nghh; GhpeJflk;gpid ntd;wij “khy;fly; Xl;bf; flk;gWj;J ,aw;wpa gz;zikKurpd;”……… (mfk; 347) vd;W mfehD}Wk; $Wfpd;wJ. Mhpakd;dHfis ntd;W jdf;Ff; fPo; gzpe;J Ml;rpg;Ghpaitj; jtPur; nraiyAk;> td;nrhy; $wpaatdiur; rpiwg;gpbj;j nra;jpiaAk; ,uz;lhk; gj;J ciuf;fpd;wJ. jd;id ehbtUgtH vtuhapDk; Muhahky; nghUis thhpthhpf; nfhLg;gijNa flikahff; nfhz;ltd;. Nghh;f;fsj;jpy; Gz;gl;L tUe;jpa epiyapYk; jd;idg; Gfo;eJ ghba GytUf;Fj; jd; Mj;ijg; ghprhff; nfhLj;jhd; vd;W “ghbte;jnjy;yhk; ………………..……………. muTwo; Muk; Kff;Ftk; vdNt” (Gwk; - 368) GwehD}w;W nra;As; gfpHfpd;wJ. ,td; jd;Dila tPur;nra;fisg; Gfo;e;J gj;Jg;ghf;fs; ghbaF kl;^Hf; fz;zdhh;f;F njd;dhl;L tUthAs; ghjpiag; ghprhf Kg;gj;njl;L Mz;Lfs; toq;fpdhd;. ,katuk;gdpd; jk;gpahd “gy;ahidr; nry;nfOFl;LtNd” %d;whk; gj;jpd; jiytd; Mthd;. ,td; ck; gw;fhl;il ntd;W jd; ehl;bd; vy;iyf;Fs; nfhz;L te;j epfo;itAk;> xU gfy; nghOjpw;Fs; mfg;gh vDk; Nfhl;ilia mopj;J jPapl;L nfhOj;jpa kwr; nraiyAk; “ck;gw;fhl;ilj;; jd;Nfhy; epwP, mfg;ghntwpe;Jgfw;wPNtl;L kjpAwo; kugpd; Kjpaiuj; joP,f; fz;zfd; itg;gpd; kz;tFj; jPj;J”


TdLm 206

vd;W %d;whk ;gj;Jgjpfk; $Wfpd;wJ. ,td; jhd; ifg;gw;wpagif ehl;bd; vy;iyfisg; gphpj;J jd; ehl;ltHf;F toq;fpa nfhilj;jpwj;ijAk; nghpNahhpd; Jizf;nfhz;L murhz;l mwr;nraiyAk; Gfo;eJ Nghw;wpg; ghbaghiy nfsjkdhhhf;Fg; ghprhf mtH tpUk;gpa tz;zk; gj;Jg; ngUNts;tpfs; nra;J GytiuAk; Gythpd; JiztpiaAk; nrhHf;fk; Gfitj;jhd; vd;W %d;whk; gj;Jg;gjpfk; ciuf;fpd;wJ. ePjpj; jtwhJ ed;Kiwapy; Ml;rp nra;j ,katuk;gd; neLQ;Nruyhjd; - gJkd;Njtp MfpNahhpd; %j;jkfdhd “fsq;fha; fz;zp ehh;Kbr;NruNy” ehd;fhk; gj;jpd; jiytd; jiytd; Mthd;. ,td; jd; Njhw;wj;ijf; fz;Nl giftH mQ;Rk;gbahd cly; typikf; nfhz;ltd;. ,td; JS ehl;L ed;dDld; Nghh; nra;J G+op ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;wpa nra;jpia “,Uk;nghd; thifngUe;Jiwr; nrUtpy; nghyk;G+k; ed;dd; nghUJfisj; njhopa…. fsq;fha;f; fz;zpehh;Kbr; Nruy; ,oe;jehLje;jd;d tsk;” (mfk; 199) vd;W mfehD}w;W nra;ASk; ciuf;fpd;wJ. ehh;Kbr;Nruypd; Fzeyj;ijAk; gpwHf;fhf tho;e;j caHj; jd;ikiaAk; “cyfj;NjhNugyHkd; nry;tH….. (ehd;fhk; gj;J– 8) gjpw;Wg;gj;jpd; ehd;fhk; gj;J $Wfpd;wJ. ,td; jd;idg; Gfo;e;J ghba Gytuhd fhg;gpahw;Wf; fhg;gpadhh;f;F ehw;gJ E}whapuk; nghd;idAk;> jhd; Mz;l ehl;bd; ghfj;ijAk; ghprhff; nfhLj;jhd;. ,katuk;gdpd; kfdhd “fly; gpwf;Nfhl;ba nrq;Fl;LtNd” Ie;jhk; gj;jpd; jiytd; Mthd;. ,td; gj;jpdp nja;tkhd fz;zfpf;F rpiynaLg;gjw;F chpa fy;ypidf; nfhzUk; nghUl;L fhl;LtopNa gazk; Nkw;nfhz;L MhpaH jiytid ntd;whd;. fq;ifapd; jiyg;gFjpf;Fr; nrd;W gRf;fisf; fd;WfNshL ftHe;jhd;. Typikahd gil tPuh;fisf; nfhz;L tpaY}iumopj;jhd;. ,td; MhpaNuhL Nghh; nra;J ntw;wpg; ngw;wij “MhpaHmywj; jhf;fpg; Nghpirj;njhd;W KjpHtltiutzq;Ftpw; nghwpj;J ntQ;rpdNte;jiug; gpzpj;Njhd;” . (mfk; - 396) vd;W mfdhE}Wk; nrg;Gfpd;wJ. flyplj;J jd;id vjph;j;j giftUld; fLk;Nghh; Ghpe;J ntw;wp ngw;whd;. ,td; jd;idg; Gfo;e;J ghba guzHf;Fg; ghprhf clk;gw; fhl;L tUthiaAk;> jd; kfdhd Fl;Ltd; NruiyAk; toq;fpdhd; vd;gij Ie;jhk; gj;jpdhy; mwpa Kbfpd;wJ. ,katuk;gdpd; %d;whtJ kfdhd “MLNfhl;ghl;Lr; NruyhjNd” Mwhk; gj;jpd; jiytdhthd;. ,td; giftuhy; jpUlg;gl;L jz;lfhuz;ak; nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;l jdf;FhpakiyahLfis kPl;Lj; njhz;bf;F nfhz;L te;jhd;. jd;idg; Gfo;e;j ghh;g;gdh;f;Ff; fgpiy epwgRitAk;> Flehl;by; Xh; CiuAk; jhdkhf toq;fpdhd;. jd;idg; gifj;J Nghh; njhLj;j gpwkd;dHfisj; Njhw;Nwhlr; nra;jhd;. Foe;ijiag; NgZk; jha;Nghyj; jd; Fbkf;fis ,td; ghJfhj;jij “Fotpnfhs; thhpd; FbGwe; je;J ehly; rhd;weaDilneQ;rpd; MLNfhl;ghl;Lr; Nruyhjd;”……… . (9-11) Mwhk;gj;jpd; gjpfk; etpy;fpd;wJ. mwk; nra;tjidNa jd; flikahff; nfhz;l ,tidg; Gfo;e;Jg; ghba fhf;ifg;gbdp er;nrs;isahUf;F xd;gJ Jyhk; nghd;idAk;> E}whapuk; nghw;fhRfisAk; ghprhf ey;fpdhd; vd;gij Mwhk; gj;jhy; mwpayhk;. giftHfisr; rpiwg; gpbj;Jj; jd; tQ;rp ehl;bw;Ff; nfhz;L te;j me;JtQ;Nruy; - nghiwad; Njtp MfpNahhpd; kfdhd “nry;tf;fLq;NfhthopahjNd” Vohk; gj;jpd; jiytdhthd;.


TdLm 207

,td; jd; ehl;by; gy Gjpa efuq;fis cUthf;fp khw;wj;ijf; nfhz;L te;jhd;. gpwH Nghw;Wk;gbahd ngUNts;tpfis elj;jpg; gy jhd jUkq;fs; nra;jhd;. jd;id vjpHf;Fk; giftiuj; NjhwNwhl nra;Ak; mstpw;Fkh ngUk; gilia cilatd;. Njhy;tp vd;gijNa mwpahjtd;> nry;tj;ijg; NgzhJ nfhilahf toq;Fk; jd;ikf; nfhz;ltd; vd;gij “,lk; rpwpJvd;Dk; Cf;fk; Jug;g xLq;fhcs;sj;JXk;gh<iff;fle;J……. (Gwk; -8) vd;W GwehD}w;W thpfs; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. giftH ,td; kwq;Nfl;LmQ;rpg; gzpe;J jpiwr;nrYj;Jk; jd;ikiaAk;> GytHfspd; tWikia mfw;Wk; ,tdJ nfhilj ;jd;ikiaAk; “gifg;Gykd;dHgzpjpiwje;Jepd; eifg;GythzHey;FuTmfw;wp”…… vd;W GwehD}W ciuf;fpd;wJ. ,td; jd;idg; Gfo;e;Jg;ghba fgpyUf;F E}whapuk; fhzk; nghd;idAk;> ed;wh vd;Dk; Fd;Nwwp epd;W> jd; fz;zpy; gl;l CHfisAk; ghprhff; nfhLj;jhd; vd;gij Vohk; gj;jhy; mwpayhk;. nry;tf;fLq;Nfhthopah jd; - gJkd; Njtp MfpNahhpd; Gjy;tdhd “ngUQ;nruy; ,Uk;nghiwNa” vl;lhk; gj;jpd; jiytd; Mthd;. ,td; MaHf;Fb jiytdhd fOTs; vd;gtd; Nky; Nghh;j; njhLj;Jr; nrd;W mtidj; jdf;Ff; fPo;gzpe;J jpiwr;nrYj;jitj; jkwr;nraiy GytH ghuhl;Lfpwhh;. Nrhoghz;baUk;> gpwNtsph;fSk; ,tdJ jpUtbiag; gzpe;J murhl;rp GhpAk; mstpw;F typikahd gilia cilatd; vd;gij “Nte;jUk; NtspUk; gpwUk; fPog;;gzpe;J epd;topg; glhmuhapd;……… (5ghly; 4-5) vl;lhk; gj;J nkhopfpd;wJ. ,td; rhh;ghf> kiyakhd jpUKbf;fhhp vd;gtd; XhpAld; Nghh; Ghpe;J nfhy;ypkiyia ntd;wij “fhhpf; FjpiufhhpnahLkiye;j Xhpf;FjpiuXhpAk;”…… (rpWghz; 10-11) rpWghzhw;Wg;gil etpy;fpd;wJ. ,td; mjpakhd; neLkhd; mQ;rpAld; Nghh; nra;J jf^iu ntd;whd;. ,td; jd;idg; Gfo;e;Jg; ghba mhprpy;fpohh;f;F xd;gJ E}whapuk; nghd;Dk;> muRf;fl;bYk; ghprhf ey;fpaij vl;lhk; gj;Jnkhopfpd;wJ. Fl;Ltd; ,Uk;nghiw-me;JtQ;nrs;is MfpNahhpd; kfdhd “,sQ;Nruy; ,Uk;nghiw” xd;gjhk; gj;jpd; jiytd; Mthd;. ,td; ,UngUk;Nte;juhfpa Nrhoghz;baUk; tpr;rp murDk; Njhw;FkhW flj;jw;fhpa fhtw;fhLfisf; fle;J kiyapd; cr;rpapy; mike;j mtHfspd; Ie;JNfhl;ilfis mopj;j khngUk; kwtdhthd;. ,tdJ Gfiog;ghbtUk; ghzUk;> $j;jUk; Njitahd nry;tj;ij jhkhfNt vLj;jhYk; Fiwahj nry;ttsj;ijAk;> giftH nfhy;yf; nfhy;yf; FiwahJ Nkd;NkYk; ngUFk; mstpw;F gilgyk; cilatd; vd;gij “ghLeHnfhsf;nfhsf; Fiwahr; nry;tj;Jr; nrw;Nwhh; nfhyf;nfhyf; Fiwahj; jhid” . Xd;gjhk; gj;Jciuf;fpd;wJ. (ghly; 12-13) ,td; gifthplk; fth;e;jr; nry;tj;ij mtHfs; jdf;Fg; gzpAk; jUzj;jpy; kPz;Lk; mtHf;Nf toq;fp> eLepiyapy; epd;W Ml;rp nra;jhd;. ,td; Nrhoehl;by; fhty; nja;tq;fshf ,Ue;j rJf;fg;G+jk; vDk; nja;tj;ijf; nfhzHe;J tpohr; nra;j epfo;itr; “rJf;fg; G+jiutQ;rpAs; je;J kJf;nfhs; Nts;tpNtl;Nlhd;” . (rpyk;GeLfw;fhij 147-148) rpyg;gjpfhuk; gfpHfpd;wJ.


TdLm 208

,td; jd;idg; Gfo;e;Jg; ghba ngUq;Fd;W}H fpohh;f;Fg; ghpRf; nfhLf;fhky; fhyk; jho;j;jpajhy; GytH “Ek;kNdhUk;kw;W ,idaHmapd; vk;kNdhH ,tz; gpwtyHkhNjh (Gwk; -210) vd;W tUe;jpg; ghbAs;sij GwehD}w;why; mwpa Kbfpd;wJ. jd;idg; Gfo;e;J ghba ngUq;Fd;W}Hfpohh; vDk; GytH mwpah tz;zk; CH> tPL> epyk;> VUk; gpw mUq;fyd;fs; gd;D}whapuk;> Kg;gj;J ,uz;lhapuk; nghw;fhRfisAk; ghprhf toq;fpar; nra;jpia xd;gjhk; gj;jpd; gjpfk; nrg;Gfpd;wJ. KbTfs; jkpo; GytHfisAk;> rhd;NwhiuAk; Ngzpg; ghJfhj;j NruHfspd; jkpo;g;gw;iw gjpw;Wg;gj;J thapyhf mwpa Kbfpd;wJ. Nrukd;dHfspd; kwkhz;igAk;> goe;jkpofj;jpd; tsikiaAk;> Nte;jh;fspd; eLepiyahd Ml;rpKiwiaAk; kwtHfspd; Nghh; MHtj;ijAk; fhl;Lk; tuyhw;W ngl;lkhf gjpw;Wg;gj;Jj; jpfo;fpd;wJ. “,td; ,d;dhhpd; kfd;” vdj; je;ijapd; ngauhy; Fwpf;Fk; kugpw;Fkhwhf “,d;dhd; ,d;dtDf;Fk;> ,d;dtSf;Fk; gpwe;jkfd;” vdj; jhapd; ngaiur; NrHf;Fk; rpwe;j Fb kuig gjpw;Wg;gj;J ciuf;fpd;wJ. Nte;jHfs; jd;dplk; ,ue;J tUgtH vtuhapDk;> mtHfSf;Fr; nry;tj;ij thhp toq;Fk; nfhilj; jd;ik kpf;ftuhf tsq;fpdhh;. jw;nghOJ Nfus kf;fshfTk;> kiyahs kf;fshfTk; tpsq;Fk; midtUk; gz;ilj; jkpofj;Jg; ngUq;FbfSs; xd;whd Nruh; topte;j guk;giuapdH vd;w tuyhw;W cz;ikg; gjpw;Wg;gj;jpd; topNa Gydhfpd;wJ.


TdLm 209

njhy;fhg;gpa mfj;jpizapay; $Wk; mwf;fUj;Jf;fs;

ng.t[;[puNty;

,uz;lhkhz;L jkpo;j;Jiw> njhd;Ngh];Nfh fy;Y}up> jUkGhp

cyf tho;tpy; mwkpy;yhj tho;T> cwkpy;yhj capu; Nghd;wJ. mtw;iw cz;ik> Neu;ik> cjTjy; (m) ey;ytopapy; nry;Yjy; Nghd;w midj;Jk; mwnkd;gu;. mwk; vd;gjw;F gy;tifg; nghUSz;L. mjw;Fk; Nkyhf xOf;f newpapy; tho cjTk; midj;J fUj;Jf;fSNk mwk; jhd;. ,jw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> ey;ywpT> ey;rpe;jid> ey;Nehf;fk;> ey;ntz;zk;> ew;nray; Nghd;w ed;ndwpfis Nghjpf;Fk; midj;JNk mwnkdf; fUj ,lk; jUfpd;wd. ngz;kjpg;G> fhjy;> ,y;ywk;> rhjpkWg;G> kjkWg;G> %lek;gpf;if kWg;G ,it jpUf;Fwspy; nrhy;yg;gLgit. MfNt jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; midj;JNk mwk; vd;Dk; cz;ikapid Nghjpf;Fk; E}yhfNt cs;sd. mtw;Ws; njhy;fhg;gpa mfj;jpizapy; $Wk; mwf;fUj;Jf;fs; ,q;F Nehf;fj;jf;fit. kdpjd; thof;$ba epiyapid (m) gFjpapid Vohfg; gFj;J ciug;gij njhy;fhg;gpak; top mwpayhk;. iff;fpis Kjyhg; ngUe;jpiz ,Wtha;g; Kw;glf; fpse;j vOjpiz vd;g (E}w;gh -1> g.v.21) njhy;fhg;gpak; ciuf;Fk; mwk; ,ay;ghfNt nfLtjw;F ePupid ctikahfr; nrhy;yp> ePuhjhuk; tw;Wk; epiyapy; kz; jpupe;J ghiyahtJ Nghy; kf;fs; mwk; jtWk; gl;rj;jpy; mju;kk; Njhd;wptpLk; vd;gjpid njhy;fhg;gpau;> mtw;Ws;

eLtz; Ie;jpiz eLtdJ xopag; gLepiu itak; ghj;jpa gz;Ng... (E}w;gh -2> g.v.22) ghiy epykhdJ FwpQ;rpAk;> Ky;iyAk; ,ay;ghf jpupe;J kf;fis tho;tjw;F Vw;fhj epykhtjhy; epyk; ehdpyk; vd;W $wp mtw;wpy; kl;LNk kf;fs; ,ay;ghf tho ,aYk; vd;Wk;> ghiy epy ,ay;ig fPo;tUk; E}w;gh mwj;NjhL vLj;jpak;GfpwJ. Ky;iyAk; FwpQ;rpAk; Kiwik apw;wpupe;J ey;tpay; gope;J eLq;FJa UWj;Jg; ghiy vd;gNjhu; gbtq;nfhs;Sk; - rpyg;gjpfhuk; vDk; ,sq;Nfhtbfspd; mbfshy; fhz ,aYk;. kdpjd; tho;tpy; mwj;NjhL tho;tjw;F epyKk;> nghOJk; Njit vd njhy;fhg;gpau;> Kjy;vdg; gLtJ epyk; nghOJ ,uz;bd; ,ay;Gvd nkhopa ,ag;Gczu;e; NjhNu (E}w;gh - 4> g.v.24) ,e;j cyfk; ehy;tif epyj;jpid mbg;gilahf nfhz;L ,aq;Fgit. epyg;gFjp gw;wpAk;> epyj;jpy; ciwAk; flTs; gw;wpAk; mq;F kf;fs; mwj;njhL thOk; mikg;gpidAk;> topghl;L newpKiwapidAk; njhy;fhg;gpau;> khNahd; Nka fhLiw cyfKk; NrNahd; Nka iktiu cyfKk; Nte;jd; Nka jPk;Gdy; cyfKk; tUzd; Nka ngUkzy; cyfKk;... (E}w;gh - 5> g.v.21) vDk; ghly; thapyhf epyg;ghFghl;ilAk;> mk;kf;fspd; mwf;fUj;Jf;fisAk; typAWj;Jk;. fhyepiy khw;wj;jpdhy; Vw;gl;l gUtkhw;wj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L kf;fs; coTr; nra;tjpid njhy;fhg;gpau;> fhUk; khiyAk; Ky;iy (E}w;gh - 6> g.v.26)


TdLm 210

gpupT ,uz;L tifahf fUjg;gl;Ls;sJ. jiytd; kl;Lk; gpupe;J nry;Yjy;> jiytd; jiytpAk; ,UtUk; ,ize;J gpupe;J nry;Yjy; ,J ghiyj; jpizf;F cupajhf fUJfpd;wdu;. ,Utifg; gpupTk; epiyngwj; Njhd;wYk; cupajhFk; vz;gzhu; Gytu; (E}w;gh -13> g.v.30) jiytd; jiytpapilNa Vw;glf;$ba rpd;dr;rpd;d epfo;TfspidNa cupg;nghUs; (m) epkpjjk; vd;W $Wfpd;wdu;. Gzu;jy; gpupjy; ,Uj;jy; ,uq;fy; Cly; mtw;wpd; epkpj;jk; vd;wpit NjUq; fhiyj; jpizf;Fcupg; nghUNs (E}w;gh -14> g.v.32) jiytp jiytid vz;zp tUe;jf; $ba epiyapid njhy;fhg;gpau;> nfhz;L jiyf;fopjYk; gpupe;J mtz; ,wq;fYk; cz;Lvd nkhopg Xgplj;J Md (E}w;gh -17> g.v.32) jiytd; jiytpia tpl;L gpupe;J nrd;W tUe;j itj;jy;> jiytpia cwtpduplj;jpy; ,Ue;J gpupj;Jnrd;W cwtpdiu vz;zp tUe;jitj;jy;. Itif epyj;jpYk; kdpjd; jd;Dila tho;tpid Nkk;gLj;j my;yJ tho;tpid nrk;ikahf tho cjTgitg; gw;wp nja;tk; czhNt khkuk; Gl;tiw nra;jp ahopd; gFjpnahL njhif> mt;tif gpwTk; fUntd nkhopa (E}w;gh -20> g.v.35) kdpjd; tho fUg;nghUshf (%ykhf) fUJtJ ,itNa. jiytd; jiytpia tpl;L gpuptJ ,ay;Ng mjid> Xjy; gifNa J}J,it gpupNt (E}w;gh -27> g.v.42) Xjy;> gif> J}J ,k;%d;W fhuzj;jpdhNyNa jiytd; jiytpia tpl;L gpupthd; vd;gNj Fwpf;fg;gLfpwJ. Nte;ju;fs; jiytpia tpl;L gpupAk; gpupT ,uz;L tifahf nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. Nghu;f;fhuzkhf gpupjy;> nrhy;Yf;fpzq;fp gpupAk; gpupT. MfNt> Nte;ju;fSf;Fk; gpupT vd;gJ cz;nld;W ciuf;fpwJ. jhNd NrwYk; jd;ndhU rptzp VNdhu; NrwYk; Nte;jd; Nkw;Nw (E}w;gh -29> g.v.44) nja;t topghL midj;J epiy kf;fSf;Fk; cz;L vd;gjpid> mfj;jpizapaypy; mwk;gl typAWj;J epw;fpwhu;. NkNyhu; Kiwik ehy;tu;f;F cupj;Nj... (E}w;gh -31> g.v.46) jiytd; jiytpia tpl;L gpupjy; tifapy; xd;whd nghUs; tapw;gpupjy; tzpfu; (m) Ntshsu; Mfpa ,UtUf;Fk; cupj;J vd;W nghUs; tapw; gpupjYk; mtu;tapd; cupj;Nj (E}w;gh -35> g.v.48) nghUs; <l;lr; nry;tjpidf; $l mwj;NjhL nrhy;tJ cw;W Nehf;fj;jf;fJ. jiytd; fly; fle;J nry;Yk; nghOJ jiytpia mjhtJ ngz;fis cld; mioj;J nry;tjpy;iy vd;gij Kd;Ndhu; tof;fkhf kl;Lk; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. mjid ek; Kd;Ndhu;fs; mwkhf nfhz;L ,Ue;jJ tpaf;fj;jf;fJ. Ke;ePu; tof;fk; kf^c NthL ,it (E}w;gh -37> g.v.50) fhjiyf; $l fsT fhyj;jpy; mwj;NjhL njuptpf;Fk; gz;G jiytDf;F cz;L vd;gij klNyWjy; topNa mwpaKbfpwJ. cwtpduplj;jpy; rk;kjk; Nfl;ghd; mJ kWf;fg;gLkhapd;> jiytd; mjw;F vjpu;g;G fhl;l gzq;fUf;ifapy; Fjpiu tbtk; nra;J mjd; kPJ Vwp Cupd; Kr;re;jpapy; mk;kly; Nky;Vwp mkUk; NghJ Cuhuhy; mwpa KbAk; ,e;epiy vy;yh jpizf;Fk; cupaJ. Mz;fSf;F kl;LNk cupaJ vd;gJ xUtifg;nghJ mwNk vd;why; mJ kpifad;W. ,jid njhy;fhg;gpau; vj;jpid kUq;fpDk; kf^c kly;Nky; nghw;gil newpik ,d;ik ahd (E}w;gh -38> g.v.51) ngz;fSk; Mz;fisg; NghyNt klNyWWk; tof;fk; nfhz;Ls;sdu; vd;gjpid ts;Stu;


TdLm 211

fly;md;d fhkk; coe;Jk; kly;Vwhg; ngz;zpd; ngUe;jf;fJ ,y (Fws;.1137) vDk; mwf;fUj;jpiz mfj;jpizNahL xg;gpLtJ mwpjhditahf nfhs;s KbAk;. jiytd; jiytp ,UtUk; cld;Nghf;F nra;fpd;wdu;. mg;NghJ ew;wha; jiytpiag; gw;wp ftiyg;gLfpwhs;. vjw;fhf vd;why; mtu;fs; nry;Yk; gFjp fLk; Ruk; vd;gjhYk; fhl;L topapy; flg;gjdhy; nfhLk; jPik eilngWk; ,lnkd;gjhy; mij Cuhu; mwpahtz;zk; je;ijAk;> jikaDk; Nru;e;J mwj;njhL NjLtJ tpaf;fj;jFe;jJ. jd;Dk; mtDk; mtSk; Rl;b kd;Dk; epkpj;jk; nkhopg;nghUs; nja;tk; ed;ik jPik mr;rk; rhu;jy; (E}w;gh-39> g.v.53) Njhop jiytidg; gw;wpAk;> jiytd; ,y;yhky; jiytp gLfpd;w Jd;gj;jpidAk; jiytdplk; vLj;Jiuj;J> jiytpia tpiuthf kzKbf;f Ntz;Lfpd;whs;. ,J Njhopapd; mwkhf fUJfpd;wdu;. td;Giw neUq;fp te;jdd; jpwj;njhL vd;W,it nay;yhk; ,ay;Gw ehbd; xd;wpj; Njhd;Wk; Njhop Ukz (E}w;gh - 42> g.v.56) NjhopAk; jd;Dila ,lk; vd;d vd;gjpid mwpe;J Njhopia fhg;ghw;wf; $ba jpwj;jpid njhy;fhg;gpak; vLj;jpak;GfpwJ. nrtpypj;jha; jhd; tsu;j;j ghrk; jhq;fhky; jiytpiaAk; jiytidAk; mioj;Jtu nry;fpd;whs;. mg;NghJ nrtpypj;jha;f;F topapy; cs;Nshu; mwf;fUj;Jf;fis $wp kPs mDg;gptLfpd;wdu;. fhuzk; jiytDk; jiytpAk; xd;WNru Ntz;Lnkd;w fhuzj;jhy; ,jid nra;tjhf E}yhu; vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;whu;. jha;epiy fz;L jlg;gpDk;> tpUg;gpDk;> Nra;epiyf;F mfd;Nwhu; nrytpDk;> tutpDk; fz;Nlhu; nkhopjy; fz;lJ vd;g (E}w;gh - 42> g.v.58) jiytpapd; Mw;whik fz;L nghUs;tapw; ,lj;Jg;gpupe;J nrd;w jiytd; kPz;Lk; te;jij Njhop $Wfpwhs;. tiuT ,lj;Jg; gpupe;j jiytd; te;jij Njhop $Wfpwhs;. Njhop mwpTiug;gb jiytd; jiytpia tiuT (jpUkzk;) nra;tjw;F cld; nfhz;L nry;yy;: jiytp cld; Nghdij vz;zp ew;whAk;> nrtpypj;jhAk; Gyk;Gjy;> jiytd; jd;Dila epykhd ghiy epyj;jpid nrd;wiljy;. ,jid njhy;fhg;gpa E}yhu;> kuG epiy jpuah khl;rpa Mfp tpuTk; nghUSk;tpuTk; vd;g (E}w;gh - 48> g.v.67) ,sikAk;> ,ay;Gk; nfhz;L fhkk; nfhs;shjpUj;jypd; NghJk;> jiytd; jd;Dila fhjypid $Wk; nghOJk;> Vw;f kWf;fpd;whs;. jiytd; jd;Dila kdjpid rkhjhdk; nra;J nfhz;L tho;f;if Nkw;nfhs;fpd;whd;. kdk; xj;Jg; Nghfhky; xUtu; kl;Lk; fhkk; nfhs;tJ iff;fpis vd;Wk; ,jid> njhy;fhg;gpadhu;> fhkk; rhyh ,sik Nkhs;tapd; Vkk; rhyh ,Lk;ig va;jp ed;ikAk; jPikAk; vd;W ,U epyj;jhd; jd;ndhLk; ngwhmd; nrhy;yp ,d;Gwy; Gy;ypj; Njhd;Wk; iff;fpis Fwpg;Ng (E}w;gh -53> g.v.71) jiytDf;Fk;> jiytpf;Fk; ,k;Kiw nghJthdjhfNt fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. jiytDk; jiytpAk; taJ tpj;ahrg;gl;L ,Uj;jy;> mwpT> rpe;jid> vz;zk; vd xt;nthd;Wk; khWghLfis nfhz;L ,Uj;jy;> xj;jg;gUtj;jpy; fUj;J NtWghL nfhz;L ,Uj;jy;> xUtUf;nfhUtu; fhkk; nfhz;L ,Uj;jy; Nghd;W nghJthd mwj;ij nghUe;jhj ,iz vd;gjpid nghUe;jhf; fhkk; (m) ngUe;jpiz vd;gu;. ,jid njhy;fhg;gpau; mfj;jpiz> Vupa kly; jpwk; ,sik jPu;jpwk; NjDjy; xope;j fhkj;J kpFjpwk; kpf;f fhkj;J kplnghL njhif,r; nrg;gpa ehd;Fk; ngUe;jpizf; Fwpg;Ng (E}w;gh -54> g.v.72)


TdLm 212

ngUe;jpiz> Ie;jpizf;Fk; nghJthd jpiz vd;gjpy; vt;tpj IaKk; ,y;iy vd;Wiug;ghu;. klNywf;$ba jpwik> ,sikahd Njhw;wk;> fhkk; kpFjpahf ,Uj;jy;> fhkk; kpFjpapd; jpwk; ,e;ehd;Fk; ngUe;jpizf;F kl;Lky;yhky; iff;fpisf;Fk; cz;L vd;W njhy;fhg;gpau; ciuf;fpd;whu;. Kd;ida ehd;Fk; Kd;djw;F vd;g. (E}w;gh -55> g.v.73) ,jidj;Jk; mwnewpfis mfj;jpizapypUe;J kPWtdthf vz;zp ,e;E}w;ghit Kd;itf;fpd;whu;. jpizfspy; ,d;dhu; vd;W ahiuAk; Fwpg;gplhky; nghJthf jiytd;> jiytp vd;Wk;> ,d;Dk; rpy nghJthd ngaupNyNa Fwpg;gpLtJ rpwe;j mwnkd;W njhy;fhg;gpau; ciug;gu;. kf;fs; Ejypa mfd;Ie; jpizAk; Rl;b xUtu;g; ngau;nfhdg; ngwhmu; (E}w;gh -57> g.v.75) Ie;J jpizfspYk; nghJthd ngaiuf; nfhz;L miog;gJ cyfpay; ,ay;ngd;W ngUkpjk; nfhs;fpd;whu;. njhy;fhg;gpadhu; tiuaWf;Fk; mwf;fUj;Jf;fs; mfj;jpizapy; ,lk;ngw;W ,d;gtho;it ngWtjw;F ,/Njhu; vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf jpfo;fpwJ.


TdLm 213

ts;Sth; $Wk; mwf;fUj;Jf;fs;

Kidth; R.,uh[nyl;Rkp

cjtpg;Nguhrphpah;> fhkuh[; fy;Y}hp> J}j;Jf;Fb.

Kd;Diu jkpo; kf;fspd; tho;f;if Kiwfis rpwpJk; khwhky; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk; E}y; jpUf;Fws;. xUehSk; tPzhf;fhky; gw;ww;W mwk; nra;;apd; mJNt mtd; kPz;Lk; gpwthikf;F VJthFk; vd;ghh; ts;Stg; ngUe;jif. tho;f;ifapy; xUtd; nra;Ak; mwk; tho;tpy; cah;itAk; ngUikiaAk; juty;yJ. nghwhik> Nguhir> rpdk;> jPanrhy; Nghd;w jPik jUk; Fzq;fis nra;ahkypg;gNj mwj;jpd; ,yf;fzk; MFk;. ek;tho;tpy; Vw;gLk; Jd;gk;> tWik> mopT Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J ehk; nra;Ak; mwNk ek;ikf; fhf;Fk;. ,J epue;jukhd ,d;gj;ij mspf;fpf; $ba jhFk;. mwk; - nrhy; tpsf;fk; mwk; vd;Dk; nrhy; ‘mW’ vd;w tpidr;nrhy;yp;y; ,Ue;J gpwe;jJ. mwk; vd;Dk; nrhy;Yf;F topia cz;lhf;F> cUthf;F> NtWgLj;J vd;W gytifapy; nghUs; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. jdf;nfd tiuaWj;Jf; nfhz;l xOf;f Kiwfspd; KOikahd njhFjpNa mwk; vd;W $Wth;. Md;kpfk;> mwk; vd;gjw;F gpwtpNjhWk; kdpjidg; gw;wpf; nfhz;L tUk; jPtizia mWj;njwptNj mwk; vd;fpwJ. mwj;jpd; mbg;igil ,yf;fpaq;fs; vd;gd cah;e;j rpe;jidfspd; rpwe;jgilg;G> xt;nthU kdpjDf;Fs;Sk; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba mwg;gz;Gfs; kdpjdpd; ey;y vz;zj;jpypUe;J Jsph;f;fg;glNtz;Lk;. vdNt jhd; ts;Sth;> “kdj;Jf;fz; khrpyd; Mjy; midj;Jmwd; MFw ePu gpw” (Fws; vz; - 34) vd;fpwhh;. ,d;nrhy; nkhopjywk; Ngr;R vd;gJ xU rpwe;jfiy> gpwh; fUj;ijg; Ghpe;j nfhs;sTk;> jk; fUj;ij ntspaplTk; Ngr;R rpwe;j fUtpahf gad;gLfpwJ. ‘,dpait $wy; ,d;gj;jpd; rpfuk;’ vd;ghh; nghwpQh;.ng.mutrurd;. cs;sk; kfpo;e;J xUtDf;F Ntz;ba nghUisf; nfhLg;gijf; fhl;bYk; mtidf; fz;l nghOJ Kfk; kyu ,dpikahd nrhw;fisf; $WtJ rpwe;j mwkhFk;. ,d;nrhy; vd;gJ Kjypy; md;G fye;Jk; cz;ikahfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. “,d;nrhy; <uk; mis,g; gbW,ythk; nrk;nghUs; fz;lhh; tha;r; nrhy;” (Fws; vz; - 91) vd;w Fwspy; ts;Sth; nrk;ikahdg; nghUis mwpe;jth;fspd; tha;r;nrhw;fs; ,dpa nrhw;fsha;> md;G fye;jjha;> tQ;rk; ,y;yhjjha; ,Uf;Fk; vd;whh;. “md;G epiwe;j nrhy; ,Uk;Gf; fjitf; $l jpwf;Fk;” vd;ghh; [hd;fPl;];. ,dpa nkhop NgRtJ vd;gJ vy;yh kdpjdplj;jpYk; cldbahf miktJ md;W. ,d;iwa cyfpy; NgRk; xt;nthU kdpjUk; ngUk;ghYk; Njspd; nfhLf;if thapy; itj;Jf; nfhz;Nl NgRfpwhh;. ,th;fSf;fhfNt ts;Sth; “,dpa csthf ,d;dhj $wy; fdpapUg;gf; fha;fth;e; jw;W” (Fws; vz; - 100)


TdLm 214

vd;fpwhh;. xUth; jhk; $Wk; nr;ajpia ,dpikaha; eak;gl> Nfl;ghh; kdk; kfpOkhW $w vj;jidNah ,dpikahd fdp Nghd;w nrhw;fs; ,Ug;gpDk;> fha; Nghd;w nrhw;fNs ekf;F cjTfpwJ. “jd;id Nerpf;Fk; kdpjNd gpwiu Nerpg;ghd;” vd;gh; mwpQh;fs;. jd;dplk; md;G nfhs;s Kad;W ntw;wp ngw;whNy mtd; tho;tpy; ntw;wp ,yf;if vl;bg;gpbj;J tpLthd;. <jywk; ,d;iwa cyfj;jpy; jdf;F Nghf jhdjh;kk; nra;tJ mUfptpl;lJ. jdf;Fg;gpd; jiyKiwapdUf;F ew;fhhpaq;fisr; nra;J Gz;zpaq;fis Nrh;j;J itg;gijtpl gzj;ijAk;> nrhj;ijAk; mjpfk; Nrh;j;J itf;f Mirg;gLfpwhh;fs;. rflf;fhy; rf;fukha; Rod;W tUk; nghUspd; kPNj kdpjDf;F Mir mjpfk;. <jy; mwk; vd;gJ mwpahj xd;whfp tpl;lJ. “<j;J cz;ghd; vd;gtd; ,ireLthd;” (ehd;kzpf;fbif – 59) vd;fpwJ ehd;kzpf;fbif. gpwUf;Ff; nfhLj;Jj; jhDk; cz;gtd; ,t;Tyfpy; Gfiog; ngWthd;. kdpjd; nry;tk; ngw;wjd; gad; twpath;f;F <jNyahFk;. mwg;gzpfs; Mw;Wq;fhy; ifk;khW fUjhJ midtUf;Fk; xg;g mUSk; kio Nkfk; Nghd;W vy;Nyhh;f;Fk; cjTk; ,ay;G ey;Nyhhpd; ngUkpjg; gz;ghFk;” . “,yndd;Dk; vt;tk; ciuahik <jy; FyDilahd; fz;Nz cs” (Fws; vz; - 223) vd;w Fwspd; topahf Kjw;ghtyh; $WtJ ahnjdpy; xUtd; jdf;Fg; nghUs; Ntz;Lk; jd;dplk; vJTk; ,y;iy vd;W nrhy;Yk; Kd;ghfNt mtDf;F cjTk; jd;ik cah;e;j Fbg;gpwg;ghsdplk; cz;L. tWikAw;W tUe;JNthh;f;F mth; tpUk;gpa nghUs; nfhLj;J cjTjy; ey;ywq;fSs; jiyahajhFk;. md;gwk; cyf caph;fspd; ,af;fj;jpw;F mbg;gilahf tpsq;FtJ md;G. md;gpd; rf;jp kfj;jhd rf;jp. md;G vd;Dk; rf;jp ,iwtidAk;> cyf caph;fisAk; MSk; ty;yik gilj;jJ. md;G kl;Lk; jhd; kdpjd; Nrkpf;Fk; kfj;jhd nry;tk;. “vd;gp yjid ntapy;Nghyf; fhANk md;gp yjid mwk;” (Fws; vz; - 77) vd;W cyfg; Nguhrd; $WtJ rpe;jidf;FhpaJ. vYk;gpy;yhj GOg;G+r;rpfis ntapy; fha;e;J tUj;JtJ Nghy md;gpy;yhjtid mwkhdJ fha;e;J tUe;jr; nra;Ak;. md;G topapy; ,aq;Fk; clk;Ng capUs;s clk;ghFk;. md;gpy;yhjth; clk;G vYk;Gf; $l;ilj; Njhyhy; Nghh;j;jpa ntw;W clk;ghFk;. KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp md;gpd; fhuzkhf gpwh; Jd;GWtJ fz;L kdk; nghWf;fhJ cjt Ntz;Lk;. md;G ,jaj;NjhL fye;jjhfTk;> tYthdjhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. “jhd; Xh; ,d;Gwy; jdpikapd; Jt;thJ” (KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp 4:10) vd;fpwJ. jhd; ,d;Gwy; vd;gJ gpwUf;F xd;Wk; nfhLf;fhJ jhNd cz;L ,d;Gw;W tho;tJ md;W. gpwUf;F Njitahd nghUisf; nfhLj;J tho;tNj mwk;. gpwUf;F nfhLj;J cjtp nra;a epidahj fPo;ikg;gl;ltidg; nghWj;jkl;by; mg;gb rhjYk; ,dpaNj “rhjypd; ,d;dhjJ ,y;iy ,dpjJ}ck; <jy; ,iaahf; fil” (Fws; vz; - 230) vd;fpwhh; nja;tg;Gyth;.

nghWik mwk; ek; tho;tpy; Kd;Ndw;wk; mila ekf;Fj; Njitahd ew;Fzq;fspy; nghWikAk; xd;whFk;. nghWikiag; Nghyr; rpwe;j mzpfyd; VJkpy;iy. “nghWj;jhh; G+kp ahs;thh;> nghwhjhh; fhlhs;thh;” vd;gJ gonkhop. nghWikapdhy; jhd; epiwa ed;ikfs; tpisAk;. nghWikahf Mo;e;J rpe;jpg;gtNd tpiutpy; fhhpaj;ij rhjpj;Jf; nfhs;thd;. nghWik Fzk; cilath;fs; JwtpapYk; Nkyhdth; vd;gij “Jwe;jhhpd; J}a;ik cilah; ,we;jhh;tha; ,d;dhr;nrhy; Nehw;fpw; gth;” (Fws; vz; - 159)


TdLm 215

vd;w Fws;top tpsf;Ffpwhh; nja;tg;Gyth;;. nghWikNa ekJ ntw;wpf;F mwpFwp. g+kpf;fbapy; gy tUlq;fs; ,Uf;Fk; fhpapd; nghWik jhd; ituk;. G+kpapd; Nky; kz;zpd; nghWik jhd; kiy. jhapd; gj;J khjg; nghWik jhd; Foe;ijr; nry;tk;. vdNt nghWik vd;gJ Neuj;ijg; Nghf;FtJ my;y. fhyj;ij ntw;wpfukhf khw;Wk; fdpahFk;. jPik nra;jtUf;Fj; jpUk;gpj; jPik nra;jtiur; rhd;Nwhh; kjpf;f khl;lhh;. nghWj;Jf; nfhz;ltiug; nghd;Nghy; kjpj;Jg; Nghw;Wth;. “xWj;jhiu xd;whf itahNu itg;gh; nghWj;jhiug; nghd;Nghw; nghjpe;J” (Fws; vz; - 155) vdr; nre;ehg;Nghjhh; $Wfpwhh;. “rhe;jFzk; ,y;yhh; jtk; mtkhk;” (ePjpntz;gh 6) vd ePjpntz;gh $WfpwJ. “nghWik flypDk; nghpJ” vd;w KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp ghlypd; topahf nghWikapd; kpfg;nghpa msT Fwpf;fg;gLfpwJ. KbTiu kdpj ,dj;jpd; $l;L tho;f;if rKjhak;. MwwpT nfhz;L tho;fpd;w jdpkdpjDf;F ,d;gj;ijAk;> mNjhL rhh;e;j mw xOf;f newpiaAk; czh;j;JtNj ,yf;fpaj;jpd; gz;ghFk;. cyf rKjhaj;jpw;F ,yf;fpa E}y;fs; fyq;fiu tpsf;fhfTk; nray;gLfpwJ. ts;Sth; tho;tpay; mwj;jpidf; iff;nfhz;lhy; ehKk; ek; re;jjpAk; ,d;gkha; tho;e;jplyhk; vd;fpwhh;.


TdLm 216

jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; fhl;Lk; <if mwk;

K.jkpo;r;nry;tp


Kd;Diu gpwUf;F nfhLj;J cjTk; gz;G kdpj ,dj;jpw;Nf chpajhFk;. ,dg;gz;G gz;ila jkpoh;fspilNa mjpfkhf ,Uj;jy; <if vd;gij murd; Kjy; Mz;b tiu jk;khy; ,ad;w mstpw;F nra;jdh;. cjTk; gz;Ng kw;wth;fsplkpUe;J jkpoiu cah;j;jp fhl;baJ. <ifauj;ij gjpw;Wgj;J , GwehD}W, jpUf;Fws;, ehybahh; Nghd;w jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; rhd;Wld; tpthpf;fpd;wd. Jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspd; <if khz;ig gw;wp ,f;fl;Louapy; fhz;Nghk;. KJnkhopf;fhQ;rpapy; <if NgZjy; vd;gjw;F Nghw;Wjy; kjpj;jy; vd;Wk; nghUs;. xUtUf;F xd;iw nfhLj;J cjTk;NghJ md;NghL juNtz;Lk; xUtUf;F cjTk;NghJ J}a;ikahd kdJlDk; ju Ntz;Lk;. gpd;dh; Kfkyh;r;rpAlDk; ju Ntz;Lk; mg;gb ,y;yhky; ntWg;Gld; mijj; jUtJ gadpy;yhky; Ngha;tpLk; md;Gld; jUtJ nfhil. Ntz;lh ntWg;Gld; nfhLg;gJ ,y;iynad;W kWg;gjw;F rkk;. “Ngzpy; <if khw;wypd; Jt;thJ” Jt;tha;g;gj;J (4) <if nra;gthpd; kdepiy ePjpnewpKiw topNa mwj;jhw;wpd; gpwUf;F xd;iw nfhLf;f ,ayhjJ nfhilahfhJ. gpwUf;F xd;iw nfhLj;J cjTtjpYk; newpKiwfSlNd nfhLj;J cjt Ntz;Lk;. ,JNt rpwe;j <ifahFk;. “twpahh;f;F xd;W <tNj <if vd;gJ ts;Sth; thf;F” ,y;iy vd;W tUNthh;fSf;F ,y;iynad;W nrhy;yhky; nfhLj;J cjtTk; Ntz;Lk; mthpd; grp Jz;gj;ij jPh;g;gij tpl xU rpwg;ghd nray; Nthpy;iy. gpr;irnaLg;gijg; Nghy ,wpthd nraYk; Ntwpy;iy. vd;W Ke;ija KJnkhopapy; nkhope;j Gyth; gpr;ir vd;W tUNthUf;F nfhLj;J cjTtJ ngUk; rpwg;ghFk;. “Mw;Wthh; Mw;wy;grp Mw;wy; mg;grpia khw;Wthh; Mw;wypd; gpd;” (jpUf;Fws;) ,uf;fFzk; ,Uj;jy; ,spthd nrayhf ,Ue;jhYk; grpahy; NfhFk; capiu fhf;f NtW topapy;iy. ,ug;gtUf;F <jy; rpwg;GilaJ. flY}h; ts;syhh; grp Jaiu grpg;gpdp vdTk; $Wfpwhh;. Grpg;gpzp Nghf;Ftij grpg;gpzp kUj;Jtk; vd;fpwhh;. jpUts;Sth; ngUkhDk; kdj;J}s; ,uf;f Fdj;ij jpUk;gp Vw;wp nfhz;lth;fSf;F gpwh; tpUk;gp Nfl;Fk; nghUis nfhilahf jUfpd;w jd;ik vspajhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;. xUth; ,ay;ghf ,uf;fFzk; fUid cs;sk; nfhz;lth; vd;gij mth; kw;wth;fSf;F nfhLj;J cjTtijAk; Fzj;ij nfhz;Nl mwpayhk;. fUiz cs;sk; cilath; vd;gij mth;fs; kw;wth;fSf;F nfhLj;J cjTk; Fzj;ij itj;J njhpe;J nfhs;syhk;. “<jYk; Ja;j;jYk; ,y;NyhUf;F ,y;” (FWe;njhif 63 tJ ghly;)


TdLm 217

jpUf;Fwspy; <if ,y;yhjtUf;F ,uf;fg;gl;L nfhLg;gNj <ifahFk;. kw;wth;fsplk; VjhtJ Xh; cjtpia vjph;ghh;j;J nfhLg;gJ <ifahfhJ. ViofSf;F Ntz;Lk; nghUis nfhLg;gJ <ifahFk;. kw;wit thq;fpa mstpid jpUg;gp jUtjw;F xg;ghFk;. ed;ik jUtjhf ,Ue;jhYk; gpwhplk; ,Ue;j nghUis ngUtJ tpd;Dyfk; ,y;iynad;whYk; ed;ikahFk;. gyNuhL gfph;e;JS cd;Dk;NghJ grp vz;Zk; nfhba Neha; jPz;lhJ. mNj Nghy gpwUf;F nfhlj;J cz;zhjth;fSf;F grp vd;Dk; nfhba Neha; jPz;Lk;. “ghh;j;J}z; khp, atidg; grpvd;Dk; jPg;gpzp jPz;ly; mhprp” <iff;Fws; (227) ehybahh; <if ,ug;Nghh;f;F nfhLj;J jhk; mDgtpg;gpDk; nry;tk; ey;tpidahy; tsUk; gpw;gpwg;gpy; nra;j Fiwahf tpl;l me;j ey;tpid Kbe;j fhyj;jpy; ,Uf;fp gpbj;jhYk; epiy ngwhky; Ngha;tpLk; ,e;j cz;ikia mwpahjth;fs; tUikahy; jsh;r;rpaile;J jk;ik Nrh;e;jth;fshf ,Ug;gpDk; mth;fspd; Jd;gj;ij ePf;Ftjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

“eLf;Fw;Wj;jw; Nrh;e;jhh; Jd;gk; Jilahh; nfhLj;jhd; Ja;g;gpDk; <z;Lq;fhy; <z;Lk;” “kpLf;Fw;Wg; gw;wpYk; epy;yhJ nry;tk; tpLf;Fk; tpidAye;jf; fhy;” (ehybahh; 93 tJ ghly;)

GwehD}hpy; <if jd;dhy; ,ad;w nghUis kdk; xg;gp gpwUf;F nfhLj;jYk; ju ,ayhJ NghJ ,y;iy vd $WjYk; jhyhd;ik cilath;. “Xy;YtJ xy;Yk; vd;wYk; ahth;f;Fk; Xt;thJ ,y;iy vd kWj;jYk;” Xd;iwjh vd ,wj;jy; ,opthdjhFk; mg;gb ,ue;Njhh;f;F <Nad; vd;W kWj;jy; mjdpDk; ,spthd nray; Ntwpy;iy. nfhs;thahf vd xd;iw jhNd tpUk;gp nfhLj;jy; cah;thdjhFk;. “<nad ,uj;jy; ,spe;njd;W ,jndjph; <nad; vd;wy; mjdpDk; ,spe;jd;W” (GwehD}W ) ehd;khzpf;fbifapy; <if <if gz;g vd;gJ <if FdKila gaph; vd;Dk; nry;tj;jpd; top tsUk; cwtpdh;. $l;lk; vd;Dk; gaph; md;ghd nrhw;fshy; ed;F tsUk; nfhLQ;nrhy;Yk; tQ;ridAk; vd;Dk; Fdk; nfhz;lth; mUs;sy;yk; fUiz ,y;yhj xUthplk; jhd; ,j;jifa fzk; Njhd;Wk; ,f;fUj;J. “tsg;ghj;jp cs;tsUk; tz;ik fpiof;Fohk; ,d;nrhy; Gspty; ,dpJvOTk; vd;nrhy;” “futOTk; fz;zpy; Fopcs; ,uT vOTk; ,d;ik Fopcs; tpiue;J” (ehd;kzpf;fbif 16 tJ ghly;) jphpfLfj;jpy; <if ,e;j cyfpy; gpr;ir ghj;jpuj;ij Ve;Jk; thpatUf;F jk; nry;tj;ij nfhLj;J cjTjYk; ,t;tyfpy; epiyikia mwpe;J mjd; top elj;jYk; ve;j caph;fSf;Fk; juhj ey;y nraiy nra;a Ntz;Lk; Mfpa %d;W fUj;ij gpwUf;F cjTk; kzg;ghz;ikMFk;. ,y;yhh;f;F xd;W <Ak; cilikAk; ,t;Tyfpy; epy;yhik cs;Sk; newpg;ghLk; vt;Taph;f;Fk; Jz;GWth; nra;ahj J}a;ikAk; - ,k;%d;Wk; ed;wwpAk; khe;jh;f;F cy. (jphpfLfk; 68 tJ ghly;)


TdLm 218

KbTiu ,f;fl;Liuapy; $wg;gl;Ls;s <ifj;jd;ikapd; mwr;nra;jpfs; midj;Jk; ,t;Tyfpy; thOk; kdpjd; ,y;iynad;W tUtUf;F jdp ,lk; cz;L. nghUspid gpwUf;F nfhlj;J cjTk; ew;gz;GfSld; jpfo <if mwr;nra;jpfshd KJnkhopf;fhQ;rpapy; <if jPf;Fwspy; <if, ehybahhpy; <if, ehz;kdpf;fbifapy; <if, GwehD}hpy; <if Mfpa mwf;fUj;Jfspd; thapyhf kdpjdpd; <ifj ;jd;ik ,f;fl;Liuapy; jd; rpe;jidahf Gog;gLfpwJ.


TdLm 219

mjpakhdpd; mwtho;T

Kidth; m.gphpah

Ma;tpay; epiwQh;> = tp[a; tpj;ahyah fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; fy;Y}hp> ey;yk;gs;sp> jUkGhp

Kd;Diu ,yf;fpak; vd;gJ rpwe;j fUj;Jfis cs;slf;fpa xU E}y; vd;fpwhh;. mkh;rd; ];lhNghh;L G&f; vd;gth;. gbg;NghUf;F ,d;gk; jUk; tifapy; Ez;zwpT tha;e;j mwpQh;fs; jk; czh;r;rpfisAk; fUj;Jf;fisAk; Kiwg;gLj;jp vOJtNj ,yf;fpak;. gapy;njhWk; Rit jUtJ ,yf;fpak; vdg;gLk;. cyfpd; gy;NtW gFjpfspYk; njhd;W njhl;L ,yf;fpaq;fs; gilf;fg;gl;L te;Js;sd. Mq;fhq;Nf tho;e;J tUfpd;w rKjhaq;fisg; gw;wpAk; mtw;wpd; mikg;G> ,yf;fpak;> tho;T> tuyhW Mfpatw;NwhL xUq;fpize;jN;j ,yf;fpakhFk;. rq;f ,yf;fpak; rq;ffhy ,yf;fpak; vd;gJ vl;Lj;njhif> gj;Jg;ghl;L E}y;fspd; njhFg;NgahFk;. ,tw;wpy; mf;fhy kf;fspd; mf tho;f;ifapd; newpKiwfSk; tphpthf tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mf tho;f;ifapy; $wg;gl;Ls;s ‘Rl;b xUth; ngah; nfhsg;ngwhh;’ vd;w epiyapy; fsT> fw;G tho;f;if epiyfisg; glk;gpbj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; mf;fhyj;jpy; Ml;rp nra;j Nte;jh;fs;> FWepy kd;dh;fs;> ,df;FOj; jiyth;fspd; tPuk;> Mw;wy;> nfhil Mfpatw;iw tpsf;FfpwJ. Nte;jh;fSk; FWepy kd;dh;fSk;> ,df; FOj;jiyth;fSk; jq;fs; kf;fisg; gifthplkpUe;J fhf;fTk;> ehl;il tphpTgLj;jTk; mbf;fbg; Nghhpy; <Lgl;ldh;. Nghhpy; tpOg;Gz;gl;L tPu kuzk; miltJ ngUikahff; fUjg;gl;lJ. ,tw;iwg; gw;wpNa Gw ,yf;fpaq;fs; kpf mofhf vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;wd. mjpakhd; neLkhd; mQ;rp gw;wpa xsitahhpd; ghly;> “Cu;f; FWkhf;fs; ntz; NfhL fohmypd;> ePh;j; Jiw gbAk; ngUq;fspW Nghy ,dpia>ngUk! vkf;Nf : kw;W mjd; Jd; mUq; flhmk; Nghy ,d;dha;>ngUk! epd; xd;dhNjhu;f;Nf. – (Gwk;>gh vz; - 94.) ePh;j;Jiwapy; ahid fhztpy;iy. Mdhy; mjd; kPJ Cu;e;J te;J mjd; nfhk;Gfisf; fOTk; rpWth;fSf;F me;j ahid mlq;fpf; fplg;gJ Nghy vk; Nghd;w ghzu;f;Fk; Gytu;fSf;Fk; me;j ahidapd; kjePh; Nghyf; nfhilikahdtd; eP! vd;W murthifj; Jiwapy; mjpakhd; neLkhd; mQ;rpapd; mwnewpiag; gw;wp xsitahu; ghbAs;shh;. FWepy kd;du;;fs; rq;fhyj; jkpofj;jpy; Nte;ju;> Ntspu;fis mLj;J; FWepy kd;du;fs; ,Ue;jdh;. ,f;FWepy kd;du;fs; Nte;jh;fs; Ml;rpf;F cl;gl;L mtu;fSf;F tup nrYj;Jgth;fshfTk;> mtu;fspd; murpaypy;; jhKk; gq;Nfw;W> Nghu;f;;fhyq;fspy; Nte;ju;fSf;Fg; gilj;jiyth;fshfTk; ,Ue;jdh;. %Nte;jh;fspd; fPo; gy;NtW FWepy kd;dh;fs; ,Ue;J te;jdh;. ghz;b ehl;L FWepy kd;dh;fs; 1. ehQ;rpy; ehl;L ty;Nty; fe;jd; 2. Nkh$h; kd;dd; gioad; 3. fz;gPuf; Nfhg; ngUes;sp 4. Ntq;if khh;gd;


TdLm 220

5. fba neLNtl;Ltd; 6. mjpfd; Nru ehl;L FWepy kd;dh;fs; 1. mWif 2. flyd; 3. %td; 4. Fkzd; 5. fOTs; 6. jhkhd; Njhd;wpf;Nfhd; 7. Xhp 8. mjpakhd; neLkhd; mQ;rp Nrhoehl;L FWepy kd;dh;fs;: 1. moprp 2. tpr;rpf;Nfh 3. tpr;rpf;Nfh ed;dd; 4. md;dp 5. nghiwahw;Wf; fpohd; ew;Nwhh;g; nghpad; 6. gujth; Nfhkhd; kj;jp ,t;thwhf %Nte;jh;fspd; Ml;rpf;F cl;gl;L vz;zw;w FWepy kd;dh;fs; Ml;rp nra;J te;jdh;. mth;fspy; mjpakhd; neLkhdQ;rp Nruehl;L kd;dh;fSf;Fl;gLj;jg;;gl;l FWepy kd;dh;fspy; xUtdhthd;. FWepy kd;dh;fspy; mjpakhd; Nruh;fspd; Ml;rpf;Fl;gl;l FWepy kd;dh;fspy; mjpakhd; rpwe;J tpsq;fpdhh;. ,th; jf^iuj; jiyikaplkhff; nfhz;L Ml;rp Ghpe;J te;jhh;. kpfr; rpwe;j eph;;thfj; jpwikAk; Nghh;j;jpwikAk; nfhz;ltuhfTk;> nfhilts;syhfTk; rpwe;J tpsq;fpdhh;. mjpakhd; neLkhd; mQ;rp jf^iu Mz;l mjpakhd; kuigr; Nrh;e;jtuhthh;. rq;ffhyf; FWepy kd;du;fSs; xUtdhfpa ,tidg; gw;wpNa mjpf jfty;fs; njhpa tUfpd;wd. gy;NtW rq;fj; jkpo; E}y;fspy; ,k;kd;didg; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfs; kpFjpahff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. GwehD}W> mfehD}W> FWe;njhif> gjpw;Wg;gj;J> rpWghzhw;Wg;gil Mfpa E}y;fspy; neLkhd; mQ;rp gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfs; fpilf;fpd;wd. xsitahh;> mQ;rpaj;ij kfs; ehifahh;> guzh;> ,ilf;fop ehl;L ey;Y}h; ej;jj;jdhh;> mhprpy;fpohh;> ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh;> kh%ydhh; MfpNahh; ghba ghly;fspy; ,k;kd;didg;; gw;wpa jfty;fs; mjpfkhf fhzg;gLfpd;wd.. kiyehl;il Mz;l kiyakhd; jpUKbf;fhhp vd;gtDld; Nghhpl;L mtdJ jiyefukhd jpUf;NfhtpY}iu neLkhdQ;rp ifg;gw;wpajhff; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. fhhpf;Fr; rhh;ghfr; Nrukd;dd; ngUe;Nruy; ,Uk;nghiw vd;gtd; neLkhd; mQ;rpAld; Nghh; njhLj;jhd.; Nrho kd;dDk; ghz;baDk; ,g;Nghhpy; Njhw;W ,we;jdh; vd;W ,g;Nghiu Nehpy; fz;l Gyth;fs; ghba E}Ny “jf^h; ahj;jpiu” vd;gjhFk;. Mdhy; ,e;E}y; ,d;Wk; KOikahff; fpilf;fg; ngwtpy;iy. Nkw;gb ,yf;fpar; rhd;Wfs; kl;Lkpd;wp ,k;kd;dd; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfs; $ba [k;igf; fy;ntl;L vd miof;fg;gLk; jkpo; gpuhkpf; fy;ntl;L xd;W [k;ig vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; fpilj;Js;sJ. [k;ig vd;w Ch; njd;dhw;fhL khtl;lk; jpUNfhtpY}Uf;F mz;ikapy; cs;sJ “rjpaGNjh mjpae; neLkhe; mQ;rp” vd;W ,f;fy;ntl;by; fpilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ ,jw;Fr; rhd;whfpd;wd. mjpaDk; mwKk; NjtNyhfj;jpypUe;J fUk;igf; nfhz;L te;J nfhq;Fehl;by; gapuhf;fpdhd; vd;W xsitahh; ,tiug; gw;wp $wpAs;s nra;jpAk; rpwg;gpw;FhpajhFk;.


TdLm 221

“mkuh;g; NgzpAk; MTjp aUj;jpAk; mUk;ngwy; kugpy; fUk;G ,td; je;Jk; ePuhf tUf;if ahop #l;ba njhd;dpa kugpd; Kd;Ndhh;.” Gwk; - 99 (1-4) “me;juj;J mUk;ngwy; mkpo;jk; md;d fUk;G ,td; je;Njhd; ngUk; gpwq; filNa” Gwk; - 392 (19-20) mhpaney;ypf; fdpiaj; jhd; cz;zhJ jkpo;j;; njhz;L Mw;wp tUk; xsitahUf;Ff; nfhLj;jhd;. mit gw;wpa ghly;> “………khy;tiuf; fko;G+Q; rhuw; ftpdpa ney;yp mkpo;Jtpid jPq;fdp nasitf; fPe;j cuTr; rpdq; fdWk; cspjpfo; neLNty; mutf;flw; whid mjpfd;” (rpWghd ;- 99-103) xsitahh; jdf;nfd thohj ngUe;jifahd mjpadpd; Fzj;jpid kdkhug; ghuhl;bf; $wpAs;shh;. “kd;Df ngUk ePNa njhd;dpyk; ngUkiy tplufj; jUkpirf; nfhz;l: (Gwk; - 91) gRk;g+z; ghz;badpd;; ez;guhfTk; Nridj; jiytdhfTk; mjpad; ,Ue;jhd; vd;gij ef;fPuh;> “gRk;G+d; ghz;bad; tpisty; mjpfd;” (FWe; - 393) vd;Dk; thpapd; %yk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. mjpad;> mjpfd; vd;Dk; nrhw;fs; xUtidNa Fwpg;gjhy; ‘mj;jp’ vd;Dk; murDk; ,f;Fbiar; Nrh;e;jtd; vdf; nfhs;tJ nghUj;jkhdJ vd;Wk; “mj;jpkuk;” ,f; Fbkf;fspd; jiytDila fhty; kukhf ,Ue;jpUf;fhyk; vd;w nra;jp Gydhfpd;wJ. KbTiu rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; FWepy kd;dh;fisg; gw;wpAk;> mth;fspy; mjpakhd; neLkhdQ;rpiag; gw;wpAk;> mtiug; gw;wp xsitahh; ghba ghly;fisAk;> mjpakhd; Ml;rp nra;j gFjpfisAk;> mthpd; tho;f;if tuyhW Fwpj;Jk; njspthf tpsf;fpaNjhly;yhky;> mjpakhd; rpwe;j mwnewpAld; nray;gl;L gpw;fhyj;jpw;F xU vLj;Jf;fhl;lhfTk; ,Ue;Js;shh; vd;gij tpsf;FtNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; rpwg;gk;rkhFk;.


TdLm 222

fz;zjhrd; ftpijfspy; mwnewpf;$Wfs;

,uh.rq;fNu];thp

Kidth; gl;l Ma;thsh;> khepyf; fy;Y}hp> nrd;id

mwk; vd;w nrhy; Mo;e;j> nrwpe;j> EZf;fkhd nghUs; cilaJ. xOf;f newpfSf;F chpa tpjpKiwfspd; njhFg;ghf mwk; vd;w nrhy; nghJthf toq;fg;gLfpwJ. ‘mW’ vd;w tpidr;nrhy;ypd; mbg;gilapy; cjpj;jNj mwkhFk;. mW vd;gjw;F> mWj;Jr;nrhy; topia cz;lhf;F> topia cUthf;Fk; Kiw vd;nwy;yhk; tphpTgLj;jp nghUs; ciuf;fyhk;. ePjp> flik> Gz;zpak;> <if> mwf;flTs;> rkak; vd;w gy ghpkhzq;fspy; mwk; vd;w nrhy; toq;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ. nrhy; Muha;r;rpapd; mbg;gilapy; mwk; vd;Dk; nrhy;ypw;F> kdpjd; jdf;nfd tiuaWj;Jf; nfhz;l xOf;f Kiwfspd; njhFjp> KOepiw tbtk; mwk; vd;W nghUs; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. “gpwtpNjhWk; kdpjidg; gw;wpf; nfhz;L tUk; jPtpidia mWj;njwptNj mwk;” vd;w Md;kPf tpsf;fk; ,jw;Fj; Jizepw;fpwJ. ,yf;fpaq;fs; fhl;Lk; mwk; gz;ilj; jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; mwk; vd;w nrhy;Yf;F xOf;fk; vd;W nghUs; $w njhlq;fpajpy; ,Ue;J> “jpUf;Fws;> kdjstpy; Fw;wk; epidf;fhjj; J}a;ik” “nghwhik> Mir> Nfhgk;> fLQ;nrhy; Mfpatw;iw mopj;jy;” “caphpdq;fis nfhy;yhky; md;G nrYj;Jjy;” “gopg;GfSf;F Ml;glhj ,y;tho;f;if – gpwh; kid - Nehf;fhik – Nguhz;ik” vd;nwy;yhk; mwj;ijg; Nghjpf;fpd;wd. ,f;fUj;ij “ehd;F thp ntz;ghf;fs; %yk; topnkhope;j ehybahh;” “gfph;e;J cz;Zjiy mwkhf Nghjpj;j rpWgQ;r %yk;” “Vyhjp” “jpUke;jpuk; Kjy; je;jpuk;” “gad; fUjhky; gpwUf;F nra;Ak; ew;nray;fis mwkhfr; nrhd;d rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs;. vd mwj;jpw;fhd tpsf;fq;fshf ,yf;fpaq;fs; gy;NtW fUj;Jfis mLf;fp;fnfhz;Nlr; nry;fpd;wd. fz;zjhrd; ftpijfspy; mwk; ftpQh; fz;zjhrd; gy;NtW ,yf;fpa tbtq;fspy; jk; gilg; Gj;jpwid ntspg;gLj;jp ,Ug;gpDk;> jdJ ftpifapd; %yk; jk; vz;zr;rpjwy;fisAk;> fw;gid Mw;wiyAk; kdpj Fyj;jpw;F cjTk; tifapy; gy tifg;gl;l mwnewpf; $Wfis kf;fs; kdjpy; tpijj;Jr; nrd;Ws;shh;. cz;ik vd;Dk; tha;ik tha;ik vd;gJ vg;nghOJk; khwhj jd;ikf; nfhz;ljhfTk;> vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; Kjd;ikahdjhfTk; miktjhFk;. kdpjFyk; cz;ikia cWjpahff; filg;gpbf;Fkhdhy; r%fk;> epr;rak; xUehs; Nkd;ikaile;Nj jPUk; ,jidNa ts;Sth; cz;ikia> “ehk; cz;ik vdf; fz;lwpe;j mwq;fSf;Fs; vt;tifapYk; cz;ikia tplr; rpwe;j mwk; xd;W ,y;iy” “ahnka;ahf; fz;ltw;Ws; ,y;iy vidj; njhd;Wk; tha;ikapd; ey;y gpw” (Fws; 300) vd;fpwhh;.


TdLm 223

mjdhy; jhd; ftpQh; fz;zjhrDk; cz;ikia cs;sj;jpd; tbtk; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. “flTs; ,Uf;fpwhd; mJ cd; fz;Zf;Fj; njhpfpwjh? cs;sj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; cz;ikapd; tbtk; ntspNa njhpfpd;wjh? ntspNa njhpfpd;wjh….??” ,t;thwhf ftpQh; fz;zjhrd; cz;ikia ,iwtdhfr; rpj;jhpf;fpwhh;. jd;dk;gpf;if ftpQh; jdJ ftpijapd; %ykhf ,isQh;fs; jq;fs; tho;tpy; Kd;Ndw;wk; fhz Ntz;Lkhapd; jd;dk;gpf;ifAld; nray;fisr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; ey;y Nehf;fj;jpy; “Jzpf” vd;Dk; ftpijj; jiyg;gpy;> “ek;khy; KbAkh vd;W eP vz;zpdhy; ez;L $lr; rphpf;Fk;! ehis tpbAkh vd;W eP thbdhy; ehafd; jhd; rphpg;ghd;! Rk;kh ,Ug;gtd; Nrhk;Ngwp mtdplk; nrhh;f;fj;Jf; nfd;d Ntiy? RLfpd;w Nfhilapy; tisfpd;w Vioahy; mike;jNj ,d;g Nrhiy! mk;ikAk; mg;gDk; nra;jNjhh; jtwpdhy; mtdpapy; te;j kdNk! mbAyt tpLgpwF filtphpa tUKbT MrpjUk; me;jr; rptNk! ,t;thW ,isQh; rKjhaj;jpw;F vOr;rpA+l;Lfpwhh;. ey;top cyfpy; gpwe;j midtUk; ,g;gbj;jhd; tho Ntz;Lk; vd;W $Wk; jpUf;Fwisg; Nghd;W ftpQDk; “ey;top” vDk; ftpijj; jiyg;gpy;. “mwtop tho;f;if gz;G mfk; Gwe;J}a;ik tha;ik cwT ghh;j;Jz;zy;> ifapy; cstiu gfph;e;J tho;jy; Futiug; gzpjy;> nfhz;l Fykfs; ,jaq;fhj;jy; newpnadg; nghq;fy; ehis epiwAwj; jkpoh; itj;jhh;! vt;top kdNkh tho;Tk; mt;top Najhd; NghFk; vt;top mwpNth neQ;Rk; mt;top Najhd; nry;Yk; nry;top rpwe;j neQ;R Nrh;e;J tho; fpd;w tho;T ey;top Njhd;Wk;> Njhd;wp eyKwg; nghq;fy; ehNs! Vd neQ;Rf;F ey;top $Wfpwhh;. GifAk; gifAk; Gifg;gjdhy; tUk; NfLfis kdpjd; czUk; tifapy; ,Of;f ,Of;ftUk; ,d;gk; - Gif ,WjpapNy jUk; Jd;gk;


TdLm 224

xOf;fj;ij ehd; nrhy;ytpy;iy – cly; cUg;gl xh;top nrhy;Ntd;! cjpuj;jpd; mZf;fisf; nfLf;Fk; - gps;is cly;tY tpy;yhky; gpwf;Fk; ,jaj;jpd; Jbg;gpidg; ngUf;Fk; - Gif ,sikapy; kuzj;jpy; Kbf;Fk;! gpbf;fpd;w iffisg; ghU – mjpy; ngUkstpy; xU NfhL epwj;jpdpNy kQ;rs; fhl;Lk; - me;j epwk;jhd; cl;Gwk; thl;Lk;! gbg;gjpy; ,y;yhj Rfkh – ey;y gof;fj;jpy; ,y;yhj Rfkh nfLf;fpd;w nghUs;fspy; Rfj;ij – eP Nfl;gJk; gpbg;gJk; jFkh? Gig;gpbf;fpd;wtd; ,jio – ,sk; G+itah; tpUGtjpy;iy gifthpy; nghpaJ GifNa – mij ghh;g;gJk; clk;Gf;Fg; gifNa! ftpQd; ,t;twhf kdpjd; cly; MNuhf;fpakhf tho Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf “GifAk; gifAk;” vDk; jiyg;gpy; Gifapdhy; tUk; NfLfis vLj;jpak;gpAs;shh;. gifth;fis tpl nfhbaJ Gif vd;Wk; “gbg;gpy; ,y;yhj Rfkh ey;y gof;fj;jpy; ,y;yhj Rfkh vd;Wk; $Wfpwh;. ,isQh; rKjhaj;ij newpg;gLj;Jf; Mokhd gw;gy fUj;Jf;fisAk; ftpijfspy; $Wtij fOFg; ghh;itapy; ,f;fl;Liuapy; fz;Nlhk;. ,t;thwhf ftpQd; jd; ftpijapd; %yk; mwnewpf; fUj;Jfis kdpj rKjhak; gad; ngWk; tifapy; gaDs;s gy tpl;Lr; nrd;Ws;shh;.


TdLm 225

rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; gid

KidtH R.ftpd;

cjtpg;NguhrphpaH> jkpo;j;Jiw kNdhd;kzpak; Re;judhH gy;fiyf;fof cWg;Gf; fy;Y}hp> fd;dpahFkhp

jkpofj;jpy; vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; gutyhff; fhzg;gLk; jhtu tiffSs; gidkuKk; xd;whFk;. ,Ug;gpDk; ney;iy Fkhp khtl;lj;jpy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l ,dj;jthpd; ghuk;ghpaj; njhopNyhL njhlHGilajhf cs;sJ. ,e;j gidkuq;fs; (epy mikg;gpy; xj;J fhzg;gLk;) jkpofj;jpd; njhlHr;rpahf ,yf;fpaq;fs; Rl;Lk; <oj;jpYk; (aho;g;ghzk;) fhzg;gLfpd;wd. jhtug;ngaHfis CHg;ngauhfr; #l;Lk; kuG cynfq;fpYk; cs;sJ. mjpYk; jkpofj;jpy; ngUthhpahf cs;sJ. Fwpg;ghf ney;iy Fkhp khtl;lj;jpy; gutyhff; fhzg;gLk; gidkuk; rhHe;j CHg;ngaHfs; mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. gidtpis> gidf;Fb (gzf;Fb)> gde;Njhg;G> gde;Njhp> gdq;nfhl;lhd;tpis> gdk;goQ;rp vd;gd mtw;Ws; rpy. gidia ehk; kuk; vd;w toq;Ffpd;Nwhk;. Mdhy; ,J kutifiar; rhHe;jjd;W. ,J Gwj;jpy; fho; nfhz;L ,Uf;Fk;. ,t;thW Gw tapHg;G nfhz;ldtw;iwg; Gy; vd;fpd;whH njhy;fhg;gpaH. 'Gwf;fhodNt Gy;nyd nkhopg" (njhy;.nghUs;. 9:86) gidkuj;jpd; jhtutpay; ngaH nghuhr]; /gpshngy;yp/gH (Borassus Flabellifer) vd;gjhFk;. ,J ghNk (Palme) jhtu FLk;gj;ijr; rhHe;jjhFk;. ,jd; Mq;fpyg;ngaH gy;ikuh (Palmyra). gid xU ntg;gkz;lyj; jhtukhFk;. ,jidg; gpq;fy epfz;L Nghe;ij> jhyk;> ngz;iz> Gwgjp> jhsp> fUk;Gwk; Gw;whsp vd;w ngaHfSlDk; Fwpf;fpd;wd. gthde;jk; gps;isapd; jkpo; mfuhjp ,sk;gid kuj;ijNa Nghe;ij vd;W Fwpf;fpd;wJ. gidapy; ,Utif cz;L. mit myT> gUtg;gid vd;gd. ,tw;wpy; myT vd;gJ Mz;gidiaf; Fwpf;Fk; gUtg;gid vd;gJ ngz;gidiaf; Fwpf;Fk;. Mz;gidapid kyL vd;gH. Mz;gidapd; ghisapy; ,Ue;J fpisj;j fjpHfs; ePz;L jpuz;bUf;Fk;. ,tw;wpdpd;Wk; rpW Mz; G+f;fs; tphpAk;. ,tw;wpy; jbj;j Gw> tpjo;fSk;> %d;W mftpjo;fSk; MW kfue;j fhy;fSk; Njhd;Wk;. ngz;gidapd; ghisapypUe;J gl;ilahd %d;W mftpjo;fSk; Nfhstbtkhd ngz;zfj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,JNt kfue;j NrHf;ifapd; gpd;dH gpQ;rhfp gdq;fhahFk;. ngz; gid kl;LNk fha;f;Fk; jd;ikapidf; nfhz;bUg;gpDk; ,Utifg; gidfspYk; gjePH vLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. gidapd; ,Utifg; G+f;fSk; #bf;nfhs;Sk; tha;g;gw;wit. Mjypd; gidapd; ntspa ,sq;FUj;J Xiyiag; gpse;J mjd; tyg;gf;fj;Jg; ghjpia rpd;dkhfr; #bf;nfhz;ldH (gid Xiyapd; tyg;gf;fg;ghjp jpUfpa mikg;ig cilaJ). ,jidg; GwehD}W> 1. ',sk;gid ntz;NlhL kiye;Njhd;" (Gwk;. 45:1) NjhL - jbj;j gid Xiy. 2. 'tsH ,sk; Nghe;ij cr;rpf; nfhz;l Crp ntz; Njhl;L" (Gw. 100:3-4) tsH ,dk; Nghe;ij - FUj;Njhiy. 3. 'kpirayq;Fisa gidg;Ngho; nrhP," (Gw. 22:2-1) vd;W $WfpwJ. ',Uk;gdk; Nghe;ijj; NjhLk;" (nghUe. 143) vd;w mbf;F er;rpdhHf;fpdpaH fhpa gdq;FUj;jpy; myHe;j tyg;gf;fj;J XiyAk; vd;W ciu fz;Ls;shH. ,g;gid Xiyia khiyahfTk; khHgpy; mzptH. ,jidf; Fwpf;Fk; ,lq;fspy; Gilay; vd;w nrhy; Msg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jid> ',Uk;gdk; Gilay; <ifthd; foy;" (gjpw;. 42:1) 'Gilay; mk;fow;fhy;" (mfk;. 295:14)


TdLm 226

vd;Wk; $Wfpd;wd. NghHf;fsj;jpy; Nghhpl;Lf; FUjp Njha;e;Js;sijg; ghLk; ,lj;jpy;> ',Uk;gdk; GilaNyhL thd;foy; rptg;G FUjp gdpw;Wk; GyT fsj;NjhNd" (gjpw;. 57:2-3) vd;fpd;wdH. NruHf;Fhpa tPur;rpd;dq;fspy; GilaYk;> foYk; ,izj;Jg; Ngrg;gLjypd; NruHf;Fj; jhakhf (chpikg;nghUshf) njhd;ik kughf Kd;NdhH gof;fkhfg; ghLfpwhH xsitahH. 'njhd;dpiy kugpd; epd; Kd;NdhH Nghy <ifaq; fow;fhy; ,Uk;gdk; Gilay" (Gwk;. 99:4-5) ,j;Jizf;Fk; ,g;gdq;FUj;J kyuikg;Ngh kzNkh RitNah mw;wJ vd;gijf; fgpyH> 'tz;L ,ir flthj; jd;gdk; Nghe;ij" (gjpw;. 70:6) vd;ghH. vdpDk; 'fz;zpg;G+ epiyapy; Nghe;ijahfTk; jhHg;G+ epiyapy; GilayhfTk; ngaH ngw;Ws;s rpwg;gplk; ,jw;nfhU jdpj;jFjpiaj; je;Js;sJ" vd;ghH ,sQ;NrudhH. (1982-345). gidapd; GilaNyhL thif kyiu ,izj;J ntw;wp nfhz;lhbdH vd;fpwJ gjpw;Wg;gj;J. gidapd; gQ;R Nghd;w Eq;fpidg; ghLfpwhH jpiuad;. 'ghis je;j gQ;rp mk; FWq;fha; xq;fpUk; ngz;iz Eq;F" (FWe;. 293:2-3) gidNahiyapd; fhk;G rw;W jbj;J gl;ilahf ,Uf;Fk;. ,UkUq;Fk; fhpaths; Nghd;w tpspk;G ,Uf;Fk;. ,k;kl;ilfisf; nfhz;L Fjpiu tbtkhff; fl;ba khtpy; Vwp CHe;J nry;Yjy; klY}Hjy; vdg;gLk; rq;f fhyj;jpy; klNyWk; jiytd; jdJ Fjpiuahfg; gr;irf; fUf;F kl;ilapd; gad;gLj;jpAs;shd;. kw;w ve;j epfo;tpw;Fk; gr;irahd fUf;F kl;il gad;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. jhd; tpUk;gpa ngz;iz kzq;nfhs;s Ntz;b klY}Hj;jhapDk; kzq;nfhs;Sjy; tof;fk;. ,jidg; ngUe;jpid vd;Wk; Vwpa kly; jpwk; vd;Wk; $Wfpd;whH njhy;fhg;gpaH. (nghU. 54) gidkuj;jpd; ,sk;ghisapy; ,Ue;J Ruf;Fk; gjePH fs;shf khw;wg;gLfpwJ. ,J clYf;F kpfTk; FspHr;rpiaj; juty;yjhFk;. fhtphpg;G+k;gl;bdj;jpy; tho;e;j gujtH gdq;fs;isg; gUfpdH (gl;b. 89). MltUf;F epfuhfg; ngz;bUk; kJ mUe;jpa nra;jpapidg; GwehD}W fPo;fz;lthW Fwpf;fpd;wJ. 'atdH ed;fye; je;j jz;fko; Njwy; nghd;nra; Gid fyj;Nje;jp ehSk; xz;nlhb kfspH kLg;g" (Gwk;. 56) fs; ,wf;Fk; njhopy; nra;gtHfisf; ~fs;sH| vd;fpwJ mgpjhd rpe;jhkzp. fs;sHfspd; jiytd; mk;gyf;fhud;. ,td; nrhw;gbNa kw;wtHfs; elf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,tHfs; NkY}H> Nrhw;Wf;Fb> fPo;ehL Kjypa ,lj;jpYs;sdH vd;ghH jH];ld;. ,tHfs; rhzHfspy; xU tifahH vd;gJk; mtuJ fUj;NjahFk;. gidkuk; nja;tk; ciwAk; kuq;fspy; xd;whff; fUjg;gl;L te;Js;sJ. NkNyhH kugpYk; ehl;lhH kugpYk; gidkuk; nja;tk; ciwAk; kukhf ,Ue;J te;Js;sikf;Fr; rhd;Wfs; cs;sd. jQ;ir khtl;lk; jpUg;gde;jhs; rpthyaj;jpy; jykuj;jpd; ngaNu Chpd; ngauhf toq;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. ehl;lhH kugpy; gidabahd; Nfhapy; xj;jg;gid Rliykhld; Nghd;wit gid rhHe;j nja;tg;ngaHfshf toq;fp tUfpd;wd. rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; gidFwpj;J NgRk; nra;jpfs; xUGwk; ,Uf;f Fkhp khtl;lj;jpy; gidapd; Njhw;wk; gw;wpa fijfs; gutyhf cs;sd. ngUk;ghYk; gidkuk; nja;tj;NjhL njhlHG gLj;jpNa Ngrg;gl;Ls;sJ. gidapd; Njhw;wj;ijg; gw;wp ntq;fyuhrd; fij> tyq;ifkhd; fij Nghd;wit Fwpf;fpd;wd. ,J jtpu Fkhp khtl;lj;jpy; epyTk; fijahtJ gj;jpufhspapd; gps;isfs; vd;W $wg;gLk; ehlhH rhjpapdhpd; tWikapidg; Nghf;f> jhd; (gj;jpufhsp) ngw;w tuj;jhy; gidkuj;ijg; gilj;jJ kl;Lky;yhky; gidj;njhopiy Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ vtUk; gidapd; ,Ue;J tpOe;J ,we;J tplhjthW fUf;fpdpy; mkHe;J fhg;gjhfTk;> ,jw;F ed;wpf;fldhf xt;nthU gUtj;jpYk; xUFlk; gjePiu (gj;jpufhspf;F) vdf;F ePq;fs; gilay; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; $wp kiwe;jhH. gj;jpufhsp fUf;fpdpy; mkHe;J fhg;Ngd; vd;wjhy; mbkl;ilapd;


TdLm 227

fUf;fpidr; rPTtjpy;iy. gid gw;wpa Njhw;wf;fijfs; Ma;Tf;fsj;jpy; rpw;rpy jphpGfSld; toq;fp te;jhYk; gidapd; Njhw;wj;jpw;Ff; fhuzk; gj;jpufhsp vd;gij Ma;Tf;fsj;jpy; fpilj;j fijfs; cWjpnra;fpd;wd. gdk;nghUl;fs; gidapypUe;J fpilf;Fk; midj;Jg; nghUl;fSk; gad;gLnghUshf cs;sjhy; gidahdJ 'fw;gfj;jU" vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jid tpLfijahff; $Wk;NghJ> 'tphpr;r jy(iy) Kbaj;njhpahj ntguq; nfl;l nghk;gs mt ngw;w gps;isf;F tpjj;jhy; xU ngaH" vd;gH. njd;idapd; Xiyia Kile;J tplyhk; Mdhy; gid Xiyia Kila KbahJ. vdNtjhd; ,t;tpLfij toq;fyhapw;W. 'mt ngw;w gps;isf;F tpjj;jhy; xU ngaH" vd;gJ gidapypUe;J fpilf;Fk; xt;nthU nghUSf;Fk; xt;nthU ngaH toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. (gdq;FUj;J> eha;Nthiy> fhNthiy> FUk;ig> Eq;F> fLf;fha;> gdq;fha;> gdk;gok;> gdq;nfhl;il> gdk;ghis> gdq;Fiy). gid kuj;jpd; gr;ir Xiyapy; tPL fl;Ltjpy;iy. gr;irahf ,Uf;Fk; tiu capH ,Uf;Fk; vd ek;Gfpd;wdH. ,Ug;gpDk; tl khtl;lq;fspy; (jUkGhp> Nryk;) gr;ir Xiyapid tPLfl;l gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. gj;jpuk; vd;why; gid Xiyiaf; Fwpf;Fk;. fhfpjq;fspd; tUiff;F Kd;dhy; nrhj;J tpguq;fs; gj;jpuq;fspNyNa (gid XiyfspNyNa) vOjg;gl;L te;jd. mf;fhy nrhy;yhl;rpahd gj;jpuk; jw;NghJ fhfpjj;jpy; vOjg;ngWk; nrhj;Jf; Fwpg;gpidAk;> nrhj;Jf;Fwpg;G gjpT mYtyfj;ijAk; (gj;jpugjpT mYtyfk;) Fwpf;fpd;wJ. gidapypUe;J fpilf;Fk; gjePiuf; fha;r;Rk; NghJ $o;g;gjePH Mfpd;wJ. fha;r;Rk; NghJ gjePH $o;epiyia milAk;NghJ tpyf;Fila ngz;fs; ghidapd; mUfpy; tu mDkjpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. gjePhpy; ,Ue;J Mf;fg;ngWk; fUg;Gf;fl;bapd; gUtk; Ngha;tpLk; vd ek;Gfpd;wdH. rhjhuzkhf fhgpapy; fyf;fg;ngWk; m];fh> G+uh Kjypa rHf;fiuf;Fg; gjpyhf ,e;jg; gid nty;yj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. ,jdhy; clypd; gpj;jk; mlq;Fk;> ntg;gk; jzpAk; vd ek;Gfpd;wdH. Eq;F gidapd; Ritahd nkd;ikahd kw;nwhU tpisnghUshFk;. Eq;fpy; %d;Wfz; nfhz;l Eq;fhdJ Kf;fz;zd;rptdpd; FwpaPlhff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt %d;Wfz; nfhz;l Eq;fpd; fz;iz tpuyhy; Fj;Jtjpy;iy. Eq;F jpd;w $e;jiyg; gid kuj;jpd; mbapy; tPrf;$lhJ. mt;thW nra;jhy; gidapd; ghistUtJ FiwAk; vd;gH. ,sk; Eq;fpidj; NjhYld; cz;z tpf;fy; tuhJ vd;gH. ,jid clypy; G+rpf;nfhz;lhy; Njhy; njhlHghd Neha;fs; tuhJ vd;gH. Kw;wpa Eq;fhdJ tapw;Wtypia cz;lhf;Fkhk;. kiof;fhyq;fspy; ,b kpd;dypd; NghJ tPl;bd; jiyg;gps;isfs; gidkuj;jbapy; nry;yf;$lhJ vd;gH. mt;thW nrd;why; jiyapy; ,b tpOe;J tpLk; vd;gJ mtHfsJ ek;gpf;if. (caHe;j gid kuq;fs; mjpYk; FUj;J mtpohj jd;ikAld; $ba gidkuq;fs; ngUk;ghYk; ,bapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wd). myFg;gidapd; Xiyapy; nra;j gdk; gl;ilapd; jpUkzkhfhjtHfs; cz;fydhf gad;gLj;jf;$lhJ vd;gH. (R.ftpd;. 2000). gonkhopfs; gidkuj;jhy; toq;fg;ngWk; gonkhopfs; gid epoiyAk; gutH cwitAk; ek;ghNj gid epoyhdJ epkplj;jpw;F epkplk; khwpf;nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;. mJNghy gutHfsplk; cwT nfhz;lhy; me;j cwthdJ jpBnud gifahf khwptpLk;. ,e;j gonkhopahdJ xUrpy jphpGfSlDk; toq;fg; ngWfpd;wJ. 1. gid epoiyAk; giftH cwitAk; ek;ghNj 2. gid epoiy ek;gpdhYk; giwaid ek;ghNj


TdLm 228

tpLfijfs; gid kuj;ijAk;> gidapypUe;J fpilf;fg;ngWk; nghUl;fisAk; njhlHG gLj;jp gytpLfijfs; Ma;Tf;fsj;jpy; toq;fptUfpd;wd. gdq;nfhl;ilfs; Ftpf;fg;gl;L kzy; epug;gp Nghlg;ngWk; kzy; NkLfs; gdq;nfhl;il Fopfs; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,jid tpLfijahff; $Wk;NghJ> 'Kl;ilapLk; rl;il foj;Jk; %d;Wkhjk; milfhf;Fk; gj;jpNghy; glk; vLf;Fk; ehad; ehz ghk;Gk; my;y" - mJ vd;d gdq;nfhl;ilf; FopapypUe;J ngwg;gLk; gdq;fpoq;fpid itf;Nfhy; Rw;wpj; jPapy; Rl;L cz;gJz;L. ,t;thW nra;jhy; ,dtpUj;jp ed;whf ,Uf;Fk; vd;fpd;wdH. gdk;G+itf; fhaitj;Jf; nfhSj;jp nts;is epwr;rhk;gyhf;fp jz;zPhpy; fiuj;Jf; Fbj;jhy; thjk; tuhJ vd;w ek;gpf;ifAk; Ma;Tf;fsj;jpy; epyTfpd;wJ. fl;Liuf;F cjtpa E}y;fs; 1. rhkp> gp.vy;.> - rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; nrbnfhb tpsf;fk;> fof ntspaPL> nrd;id> Kjw;gjpg;G - 1967. 2. rptRg;gpukzpad;> - ehthtpd; Muha;r;rp> (,dtiutpaYk; jkpo;ehtYk;)> kf;fs; mr;rfk;> nrd;id - 1995. Mq;fpy E}w;fs; 1. Carl Lindahl, - A Basic Guide to Field work for, Beginning Folklore Students, Folklore Publication Group, 1979. 2. Gamble, J.S., - Flora of the Presidency of Madras, Vol-III. 3. ..................., - Wealth of India, Publications and Information, Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 4. Nagam Aiya, V., - The Trivancore State Manual, Vol-I, Trivandrum, Govt. Press.


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Fkhufhtpaq;fspy; mwk;

Kidth; k.\Pyh =epthrd;

cjtpg;Nguhrphpah;> jk;o;j;Jiw> ,uh.Nt.muR fiyf;fy;Y}hp> nrq;fy;gl;L

Kd;Diu capu;fs; mehjpahdit Mapd; mt;Taph;fs; ,Uf;Fk; cly;fs; mq;qdkd;W. ‘ahf;if> kiyahLk; kQ;RNghy; Njhd;wpkw;whq;Nf> epiyahJ ePj;J tpLk;’ (ehyb 28:2-4). vdNt caph;f;FWjp jUk; mwj;ij nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ,t;twNk xUtUf;F cw;w Jizahf ,Ue;J cw;WopAjTk;. kdnkhopnka;fspy; J}a;ikauhf ,Ue;jhYk;> caph;f;fUizAk;> khwhj xOf;fKk; mwnewpfshk;. caph;fspd; Jizaha;> Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F (caph; tho;tpd;) fhuzkha; tpsq;Fk; mwr;rpe;jidfs;> nrhw;nray;fs; Nhhy;t vz;zy;> nrhy;yy;> nra;jy; Ntz;Lnkd fhyq;fhykhf $wg;gl;L> mwpTWj;jg;gl;L> gl;lwpthy; czh;e;Jk; czh;j;jg;gl;Lk;thpDk; cyf tho;tpy; tho;fpd;w kdpjd; czhpYk; czuhJ ,Uf;fpd;whd;; NkYk; NkYk; Jd;gq;fis tUtpj;J Jah;fspNyNa Mo;fpd;whd;. Jd;G tUifapNyNa mjdpd;Wk; mtd; khwKay;tjhy; mwf;fUj;Jf;fis mwpa> nray;gLj;j Kay;tjhy; ,yf;fpaq;fSk; mwj;ij nkhoptij Kf;fpa flikahff; nfhz;Ls;sd. ‘mwk; nghUs; ,d;gk; tPiljy; E}w;gaNd’ vd;gJk; ,q;F epidaj;jf;fjhk;. vdNt tho;f;iff;F ,d;wpaikahj cwtha;> Jizaha; tpsq;Fk; mwf;fUj;Jf;fis miljy;> nra;agLj;Jjy; caph;fspd; flikAkhjypd; ehkpq;F rpWfhg;gpaq;fshk; cjaz> ehf Fkhufhtpaq;fs; czh;j;Jk; mwr;rpe;jidfs; gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;. Fkhufhtpaq;fs; IQ;rpW fhg;gpaq;fsha cjazFkhufhtpaKk; ehfFkhu fhtpaKk; rkzrkak; rhh;e;jitahapDk;> caph;fl;F ca;jp jUk;. mwk; ,tw;wpy; nkhopag;gLfpd;wd. tof;fkhf rpWfhg;gpaq;fs; vdpy; ehw;nghUl;fspy; xUrpy Fiwe;J tUk; vd;g. Mapd; ,t;tpuz;Lk; ,y;ywk;> Jwtwk; vd;Dk; ,Uepiyapyhd kf;fs; gw;wp NgRfpd;wd. ,y;ywj;jpy; <Lgl;L tho;f;ifapd; ,d;gq;fisj; jpfl;lj;jpfl;l mDgtpj;j gpd; epiyahik czh;e;J mjd;gpd; Jwtepiyapy; epd;W jd; caph;f;F cWjpNjba cjazFkhud;> ehfFkhud; vd;Dk; ,Ujiyth;fs; gw;wp NgRtNj ,f;fhg;gpaq;fshjypd; ,tw;wpy; tPLk; ;nkhopag;gLfpd;wjhk;. Mapd; ,uz;Lk; ngUq;fijfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;ldthjypd; fijepfo;Tfs; njhlh;tha; tu tUzpg;gfs; kpfkpf Fiwthk;. cjazFkhufhtpaj;Js; xhpUthpfspy; cykq;fs; tu ehfFkhufhtpaj;jpy; cykq;fspd; Ml;rp FiwNt. ngUq;fijapd; RUf;fnkd cjazd; fijia fe;jpahh; (ird ngz;Jwtp) ghba cjazFkhufhtpaj;jpy; 367 ghf;fs; cs: ,J 15 Mk; E}w;whz;ilr; rhh;e;j gilg;ghk;. 170 ghf;fisAilajha; 16 Mk; E}w;whz;ilr; rhh;e;j ehfFkhufhtpaj;jpd; Mrphpah; ngah; njhpatpy;iy. Fkhufhtpaq;fs; NgRk; mwk; mwk; vd;gJ ntWk; fUj;J epiyad;W; tho;f;if newpNa. Gwg;nghUspd; $Wkhk;. mwk; caph;fs;ahtw;Wf;Fk; nghJthf cs;s jhapDk; ;jd;dpiyapypUe;J Nkdpiyaila ,t;twnewpfNs> nray;fNs Jiz nra;fpd;wd. ,J cah;> m/wpiz vd;Dk; ,U epiyapdUf;Fk; nghJthd epiyaha; mtuth; jd;ikf;Nfw;g mwepiyfisg; NgRtdthf ,f;Fkhufhtpaq;fspy; mikfpd;wd. mwnewpapyhd tho;f;if KiwNa kdpjh; filgpbf;f Ntz;ba tho;thjypd;,jdbg;gilapy; Fkhufhtpq;fs; $Wk; mwq;fs; gw;wp fhzyhk;. caph;fs; ca;jpia tpUk;gpDk;> jd;dpay;gpy;


TdLm 230

NkdpiyailjiyNa tpUk;gp nray;gl;lhYk;> jd; czh;Tfis KOikahf fl;Lg;gLj;jp Gyd;fis mlf;fp tho;jy; vd;gJ vy;NyhuhYk; ,ayhj xd;whjypd; tho;f;if Kiwapy; ,y;ywk;> Jwtwk; vd ,uz;lhf;fpdh;. ,uz;LNk mwj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lNj gpwh; kPJfUiz> md;igAila mwtho;thk; ,y;yw mwk; caph;fs; kPJ nfhs;Sk; md;G> fUizapy; gw;Wldha czh;T fye;jika> Jwtw mwNkh> gpwTaph;fSk; ca;jpngw Ntz;LnkDk; fUizahy; ,aYk; mwnewpahk;. vdNt jhd; Jwtpah; tdj;jpykh;e;J jk; Kd;Ndw;wk; xd;iwNa fUj;jpy; nfhs;shky; mt;tg;NghJ ehl;by; te;J kf;fSf;F mwpTiufs; %yk; mwnewpfis czh;j;Jtjha; ,t;tpyf;fpaq;fs; NgRfpd;wd. vdNt ngahpNyNa mwj;ijAila ,t;tpU newpfSk; mwj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;ldthk;. ,y;ywk; ngUk;ghd;ikahd kf;fspd; tho;f;if newpahf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;L> gpd;gw;wg;gl;L tUjypd; Kjypy; ,t;twepiyfs; gw;wp ehkpq;F fhz;Nghk;. ‘md;Gk; mwDk; cilj;jhapd; ,y;tho;f;if> gz;Gk; gaDk; mJ(45) vd;ghhh; ts;Sth;. ,y;ywtho;f;ifapy; jpUkzk; Kf;fpa gq;Ftfpf;fpd;wJ. xj;j czh;Tila ,Uth; xUtiu xUth; tpUk;gp fhe;jUtkzk; GhpAk; epfo;Tk;> gpd;G mjid rlq;Ffshy; mwkhf;fp kzk; nra;jiyg;gw;wp cjazFkhufhtpak; ;mjpfk; NgRfpd;wJ. gJkhgjp> khdif Nghd;Nwhiu fhe;jUtk; nra;jgpd;Ng cjazFkhud; kzk; nra;fpd;whd; ehfFkhufhtpaNkh Nts;tpkzk; gw;wpNa NgRfpd;wJ; Kjypy; kdk; gpd;Ng Gzh;T Nghl;bapy; nty;yy; kfsph; Jah; Nghf;fy;> murh; tpUk;gpjuy; vd kzepfo;Nt ehfFkhufhtpaj;jpy; Kd;epw;fpd;wJ. fhe;jUt kzkhapDk; ngz; rydkpd;wp ,Ug;gij fzpifahk; kjdkQ;rpif nrayhy; czuyhk;> khdrNtfd; vd;Dk;tpr;rhju kd;dd; mts; mofpy;kaq;fp euthfdDld;,Ue;j mtis thd;topNa fth;e;J nrd;W jd; czh;it> md;ig $wpAk; nksdkhf ,Ue;jts;> mtd; jq;if te;J kdij khw;w KaYifapy; ‘trypjkdj;jsha;’ (c.260:1-2) jd; czh;tpy; khwhJ epiyngw;W epw;fpd;whs;. ,ts; $w;iwf; Nfl;L kdk; khw;w te;j NtftjpNa cjazd;kPJ md;G nfhs;syhdhs;. Mapd; Mz; mq;qdkd;W. xOf;fNk tho;tpd; mbg;gilahjypd; mJ mwtho;tpd; mbg;gilAkhk;. kidtpahdts; fw;Gilatsha; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J mtspd; ,ay;gha;> gz;gha; ,Ue;jhNy ,y;ywk; ey;ywkhk;. ,Ufhtpa kidtpah;fsk; fw;igS mzpahfg; G+z;ltNuahk;. fztd; kPJ md;Gilatuha;> fztdhy;tpUk;gg; gl;lth;fshfNt cs;sth;. Mapd; kzkhapd; ngz; kidtpaha; khw MNzh fztduhAk; ‘Mz;’ czh;T khwhjtdha; cs;shd;. kidtp kPJ md;GilatdhapUe;Jk; rydk; ,Ug;gij czh;fpz;Nwhk;.thrtjj;ij kiwe;J tpl;lhsd tUe;Jk; cjazd; (khz;lNjtp jd;Dld; khpj;jpLNtd; vd;wtd; (cja .140:2)> jd; kidtpia kPz;Lk; ngw fhfJz;lKdptiuf; fz;ltd; ,Uthuq;fs; ,we;jtiu kwe;J Nehd;gpUj;jhy; kPz;Lk; kidtpAk>; ehLk; fpilf;Fnkd (c.156) $w mt;thwpUf;f Kad;wtd> mq;Fs;sfhkd; Nfhl;lj;jpw;F topgl te;j kfjkd;dd; jq;if gJkhg;jpiaf; fz;L thrtjj;ij te;jhnsd kfpo;e;J fhe;jUtkhfpd;whd;(c.158); cjazd; kfdha euthfdNdh fhe;jUtj;jpy; jd;Dld; Nrhiyapy; Japd;w kjkdQ;rpifiaf; fhzhJ Njbaiye;J JaUw;wtd; kjikQ;rpif cUtpypUe;j NtftjpAld; kfpo;fpd;whd;. xUehs; mtis IAw;W tpdt> mtSk; cz;ik $w> mtspd; cz;ikAUfhl;l $w mt;TUtpy; kaq;fp kd;kj mk;G jhf;f fhjy; nfhz;L kfpo;fpd;whd;(c.265.2-4) je;ijf; Nfw;w kfd;. fztd; gy kidtpaiu kzg;gpDk;> Cly; nfhz;lshapDk; gz;Gil kidtpauha; ,Uj;jNy ,y;yw jh;knkd cjazFkhufhtpak; nkhopfpd;wJ. cjazd; gJkhgjpia khddPifia kze;jikawpe;j thrtjj;ij Cly; nfhs;s ‘cd;Nghd;w Fzk; mtsplk; ,Ue;jhYk; cd; czh;T> xspf;F xg;ghfhs;’ vd Cly; jPh;ffpd;whd; (202). MapDk; fztd; gpwkzk;> md;Ggfpuy; ngz;zplk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtij ehf Fkhufhtpak; nkhopfpd;wJ. tre;j tpisahl;Lfhz gy;yf;fpy; nrd;w gphpjpNjtp jdf;FKd;ahidapy; nry;gts; kd;dd; kidtpahk; tprhyNej;jpiu vd;wwpe;jJk;>’ehd; mts;fhypy; tpOe;J tzq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfj;jhd; Kd;dhy; nrd;W epw;fpd;wNsh vd IAw;W ePh; tpohtpw;F nry;yhJ


TdLm 231

mUfdhyak; (ehf: 35:1-2) nrd;W> tho;tpy; mtspDk; jhd; Nkk;gl;L ,Uk;NghNkh vd;wwpa ‘mzpngwNt ew;wtK khNkh’ vd (ehf: 37:2) tpdtpnjspfpd;whs;.tprhyNej;jpiuAk; jd;kfdplk; ehfFkhud; cah;Tfisf;$wp kdjpy; ;gifia vOg;Gfpd;whs;. ‘Njrew; Guq;f nsq;Fe; jpfo;gzp Fkud;fPh;j;jpg; Nghrhnzh tifapw; Nfl;Nld; ngUe;j kpy;iy ePAk; VRw ,fnohd; wpd;wp apdpAidf; fhf;f ntd;whs;’ (ehf:60:2-4) mtDk; mtid vjph;f;Fk; fhyk; Nehf;fp 100 tPus mopf;Fk typgil tPuh;fisj;Jizahf;Ffpd;whd;. tprhyNej;jpiu fztdha rae;jpudplk; gpujpNjtp xOf;fj;ijg;gw;wp Gwk; NgRfpd;whs;. jd; kfdha ehfFkhud; NjtpaUld; ePh;tpisahliyf; fhzr; nry;Yk; gpujpNjtpiaf; fhl;b ‘jfhcwtpidf; fhzr; nry;tjhf $W;fpd;whs; (63). kd;dd; tprhyNej;jpiuia fbe;jhYk;> gpujpNjtpaplk; eP Vd; ntspapy; nrd;wha; vd tpdTttdhfNt mikfpd;whd;. ,y;tho;f;ifapy; ,ay;G ed;kf;fl;NgNw. ,jdhy; gphpjpNjtp Kdpthplk; mzpngwNt ew;wtKkhNkh’ (eh:37:2) Nfl;ifapy; ‘GfOilkfidg; ngWtha;’ vd tho;j;Jg;ngw;wJk;’ md;Nw Gjy;tidg; ngw;wJNghy; kfpo;tjhYk; (eh-48); czuyhk;. vdNt ,g;NgW fpl;lhikapd; Jd;gk; vd;gJ nrhy;yhNj tpsq;Fk;. cjazd; khkdhk; tpf;fukd; Foe;ij Ngwpd;ikahy; tUe;jp Kdptuha;j; jtk; nra;Ak; je;ijaplk; te;J tUe;JtjhYk; (vt;tq; $h;e;Nj (cj.21:2-3) czuyhk;. ,sturdhapDk; kfd; je;ijapd; nrhy;Yf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;ltNd. ehfFkhud; jd;jha; gphpjpNjtpiaj; je;ij re;Njfg;gl;L ntspapy; nry;yNtz;lhk;; ehfFkhuDk; efh;g;gFjpapy; tpisahl Ntz;lhk; vd;W $wpdhh; vdjha; JaUld; ,Uj;jiyg; ghh;j;Jg; nghwhjtdha; ,irf;fUtpfs; Koq;f> kjKilahidia mlf;fpatdha;> tPjpfspy; ahidia gythW fjpfspy; elj;jpAk; fhz;gjw;fhpa eldkhbAk; cyhNghf (eh.67)> kd;ddk; rae;jud; mth;fs; khspif cah; nghUl;fis gwpf;fnra;fpwhd;. gpd; kd;dh;fSld; #jhb nghUl;fis ntd;whd; vd kd;dh;fs; Fiw$w jd;Dld; tpisahlr; nra;fpd;whd;; Mapd; ,UKiw Njhw;Wk; Nfhgk; nfhs;shJ kfd; kd;dh;fsplk; nghUisj;ju mtdplkpUe;J gwpj;j nghUl;fis mspj;jJld; GJ efuKk; (myq;fhpaGuk;) mikj;J moF ghh;f;fpd;whd; rae;jud; (eh: 70-73). kd;ddha;> je;ijaha; ,ay;fpd;whd; rae;jud;. ,Nj kd;dd;jhd; gpd;dhspy; jd; ,d;ndhUkidtpapd; kfdha rphPjud; ehfFkhudplk; Nghhpl;Lj; Njhw;fTk; ehfFkhud; ,iaG> jifik> gz;Gzh;e;jtdhjypd;> ke;jphpia mDg;gp ehfFkhuid (NtehL nry;fNt vdf; $w mtDk; Vw;ff;fhz;fpNwhk; (eh: 84-85). Kjypw; GhpahuhapDk; ,UtUk; je;ij-kfd;ik cwtpy; epw;fpd;wdh;. jha;khkd; cwT tho;tpy;> Jahpy; Jiz epw;gjhk; cjazd; khkd; Foe;ijapd;ikahy; Jd;GwpDk; jd; jq;if kfd; mtd; vd mwpe;Jkfdha; Vw;W Kb#Lfpd;whd;(c:22). fhkTzh;T kdpjh;fshy; jtph;f;ftpayhjTzh;thk;. Vt;tsT jhd; mDgtpj;jhk; vd;Wk; FiwahJ vhpAk; neUg;G Nghd;wJ. NghJnkd;w czh;T Njhd;wh czh;T. ts;StUk; mjid> mwpnjhWk; ;mwpahik fz;lw;why;( 1110) fhkk; vd;ghh;. ,jidg; gy;yhapuk; kidtpaUld; tho;e;Jk; fhkTzh;T ePq;fhJ tho;e;J ,WjpapNyNa JwT Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Fkhufhtpaehafh;fs; tho;f;if czh;j;Jk;.fhkk;; kdpjid kPz;Lk; cyfpaypiyNa nrYj;Jk;;;;;; fPo;epiuf;Nf nfhz;L NghFk;. ,jid me;jzdha;g;gpwe;Jk; flikiakwe;J fhkj;jpy; Mo;e;j tpirad; kWgpwg;gpy; fspwhf- tpyq;fhfNt gpwg;gjhy; (c.347) czuyhk;. ,ir m/wpiziaNa kaf;Fk; vdNt vr;rhpf;if Njitahk;(c.88-90) vd;g. rKjha rka mwq;fs; kdpjd; rfkdpjh;fSld; fye;J thoNtz;batd;. mth;fSld; md;G> fUiz gifnad czh;Tfshy; #o Ntz;batd;. vdNt ,q;Fk; mwk; jtph;f;f ,ayhjhk;. el;G: jd;idg;Nghy; gpwiuAk; Nerpf;Fk; czh;T el;ghk;. ,J EdpffUk;ngd vd;Wk; ,dpajhk; (ehyb.21). mfk; eFk; el;Ng el;ghjypd; el;Ng tho;f;ifapy; Jizaha; RitA+l;Lk;. el;gpy;yh tho;f;if eufNkahk;. ehfFkhud; kPJ gif nfhz;L rphPjud; gilAld; tu


TdLm 232

tpahsdhk; ez;gd; gilfis vjph;j;J mopf;fpwhd; (eh.82). cjazFkhufhtpa jiytd; cjazFkhud;. mtd; kfspiu tpUk;g klLk; mtdhf nra;a> mtd; tho;tpy; vOk; rpf;fy;fisnay;yhk; mtd; ez;gdhfpa A+fpNa jPh;j;J itf;fpd;whd;. gpur;Nrhjdd; rpiwnra;jNghJk; rgjk; nra;J kPl;gjhfl;Lk; (c.66); thrtjj;ijapd; kaypy; kaq;fp flik kwe;J ,d;gj;jpy; Mo;e;jfhyj;J #o;;r;rpahy; kPl;gJk;> ‘tpioe;j Nte;jd; Njtpia tpufpdhw; gphpj;jpbd; ,oe;jkpf; furpay;if $Lnkd ntz;zpdhd; (c.129:3-4) vd Kad;W nty;tJk; vd cw;Wop cjTfpd;whd; A+fp. jkf;Fjtpa ez;gh;f;F murk; kjpg;Gk; je;J ehfFkhuDk; (eh.159). cjaFkhuDk; (c.206-208) rpwg;gpf;fpd;wdh;. rKjha mikg;ghk; kd;dd; gw;wpAk; Fkhu ,yf;fpaq;fs; nkhopfpd;wd. ‘kd;dd; caph;j;N;j kyh;jiy Ayfhjypd kd;dd; nrq;Nfhydha; eyyhl;rp mikapd; ehLk;> kf;fSk; nropg;ghf ,Ug;gij ,UFkhufhtpaq;fSk; nkhopfpd;wd. rpNuhzpfkd;dd; ey;yhl;rp gw;wp$Wifapy; ,jw;F Kd;dhz;l kd;dh;fistpl Ie;Jklq;F ehL rpwe;J tpsq;fpaJ; Nkfk; Nghd;w tz;ifad;; kf;fs; eyk; tpUk;gpaha; mwpnyhUgq;Fthpahf thq;Fk; kd;dd; ,td; (eh: 8-9);jUkG+kpahk;. jpUkfs; ehl;by; vq;Fk; tpUk;gpj;jq;Fk; tsehL. NjtNyhfj;Jf;F epfuha; G+Tyfpy; rpwe;J tpsq;FtJ ,uhrkhfphpak;; kf;fs; kfpo;tho;thy; NjtUyifak; xspapof;fr; nra;Ak; rpwg;Gil ehlhk; kfjehL (eh.5-7). kd;dd; kf;fisf; fhj;jypy;> mth;fs; Jah;jPh;g;gpy; mth;fspil ghugl;rk; fhl;lhjtdha; tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;. rae;ju kd;dd; jd; Ngr;R Nfsh efhfFkhud; nghUl;fis ftUk;; gpwkd;dh;fis #jhb nghUl;fis ntd;whd; vd;gjhy; tprhhpf;fpd;whd;; jd;Kjy; kidtpapd; kfd; rphPjud; nghwhikahy; ehfFkhudplk; Nghh; nra;jhd; vd;wwpe;J rkhjhdk; nra;tpf;f eae;jud; ikr;rid mDg;gp rkhjhdk; nra;aTk; fhzyhk;.kd;dnud;why; gifAz;ld;Nwh? ehfFkhud; jd;dpfhpy;yhj jiytdha; fhl;lg;gLjypd; mtd; gpwh;Jauwpe;J> mw;Gj > tpNdhj epfo;Tfs; tpdhtp mwpe;J JaUilNahh;f;F> rpf;fy;fSf;Fj; jPh;Tfz;L jhNd Kd;te;J cjTfpd;whd; vdNt Nghh;> rz;ilfs; ,ay;gha;> rhjhuzkhd xd;wha; mike;J tpLfpd;wd. gifAzh;Tld; rNfhjud; (gq;fhsp) NghUf;F tu je;ij rkhjdk; Ngr mth; fl;lisg;gb tpl;Lf;nfhLj;J NtWehL kidtpah;> ez;gh;fSld; nry;fpd;whd; (eh: 83-86). cjazFkhud; jdf;F jpiw nrYj;jtpy;iynad mtd; Nrhh;Tw;wfhyj;J kha ahidia mDg;gp #o;r;rpahy; ifJ nra;fpd;wdh;. kd;dh; nray;fis rhk Ngj jhd jz;lnkd murpay; ,aw;w Ntz;Lnkd;g. Ntlh;fSld; Nghhpl Neh;e;jNghJ cjazd; Nghhpy; ntd;whapDk;> ,td; Jizapd;ik czh;e;J mth;fs; Rw;wpYk neUg;G itf;f > mth;fsplk; ;nghUs;fs; jUfpNwd; vd rkhjhdk;> (jhdk; epiy)NgRfpd;whd; (‘ca;tif Aq;f Sf;fpd;> cWnghU sPtd; (119:2) gJkhgjp fhuzkhf cjazd; fd;dpkhlj;j kiwe;jpUe;jfhyj;J 7 kd;dh;fs; gilAld; tu (jpiwkWg;G) cjazdpd; cUkz;Zth kjypa mikr;rh;fs; tpahghhpfsha; gilfspy; Ghpahj nrhw;fshy; Fog;gk; tpisj;jdh;. Ngjepiyahy; mth;fs; gae;J Xbdh;. rpwpJfhyk; ,JePbj;jjhk;; fhykwpe;J Nghh; nray; epiyia tpQ;ir Nghh; epiyapy; euthfddplk; fhzfpd;Nwhk;.MAjk; ,y;yhjth; kPJ Nghh; nra;jy; $lhJ vd;gJ tpjp. Mapd; khia ahidaha; cjazid Rw;wptisj;j tPuh;fs;> cjazd; MAjk; cila tPuh;fs; rpiw nra;fpd;wdh;. Nghhpy; ke;jphpahiuf; nfhy;yf; $lhnjd;gJk; tpjpahk;. jd;id #o;r;rpahy; ifJ nra;a Kad;w gpur;Nrhjdd; ke;jphpia nfhy;yhJ tpLfpd;whd; cjazd; (c.55) Afpapd; #o;r;rpjpl;lq;fNs cjazd; gif ntd;W ,d;gtho;Ttho mbg;gilapl;ldthk;. kd;dd; Raeykpaha; ,y;yhJ nray;glNtz;Lk;. ehl;bd; epfo;Tfis kf;fSf;F mwptpj;J mth;fs; eyk;Ngz Ntz;Lk;. efiuaLj;J Kdpth; te;Js;s nra;jpia tduhrd;$w;why;. mw;Gj epfo;Tfshy; cz;h;e;J kf;fSf;Fg; giwawptpf;f nra;fpwhd; rpNuhzpfuhrd; (eh:12-13).aph;fs; ca;jp ngw nra;td cyFcaph; Nkyhk; epiygw;wparpe;jidfSk; nray;fSNk. vdNt Nkdpiyaila epidthh;f;F rka czh;T mbg;gilahd cdh;thfpd;wJ. xOf;fKila tho;T> caph;fs; kPJ nfhs;Sk; fUiz> Gyd;fd; mlf;fk; Nghy;t kdpjid fl;Lf;Fs; nfhz;LtUtJld; rka tho;tpd; nray;ghl;Lf;Fk; Jizahfpd;wdthk;.jtj;jhh; gzpT> mth;fisf; fz;L tzq;fy;> mwTiufs; Nfl;ly;> tho;tpd; rpf;fy;fSf;Fj; jPh;T Ntz;ly;> Iaq;fistpdhtp njspjy;> GhpahTzh;tpd; fhuzk; tpdhty; vd gy epiyfspy; ,it


TdLm 233

mikfpd;wd. RUf;fkhff; $wpd; jhk; thOk; tho;f;ifapd; Nehf;fj;ij czh;j;Jtjha;> rhpahd tor;pnrytpd; newpfhl;lyha;> cw;Wopaha; ,rr;rkaTzh;T cjTfpd;wjhk;. ,UFkhu fhtpaq;fspYk; xOf;f khe;jh;fNs ngUk;ghd;ikAk; tUfpd;wd cjazFkhufhtpaj;Js; me;jzdha; flikkwe;J fhkj;jpy; Mo;e;J mope;jpatDf;F kWgpwg;G tpyq;F gpwg;Ng- ahid- fpilj;jJ vd;gJ (cjazd; ahidaha;) xOf;f> fliktho;tpd; mtrpaj;ij czh;j;Jk; epiyapy; mikfpd;wJ (c.238-239). ‘xOf;fKilahh; tha;r; nrhy; Cd;WNfhy; Nghd;wJ’ vd;whw;Nghy; kf;fs; mwNthh; jtj;Njhh;> rhuzh; ciufis Nfl;L ey;yw tho;tpw;F Kad;wikia m/wpizahk ghk;G> ahidapd; kdkhw;wj;jhYk; czuyhk;. kjj;jhy; caph;fis nfhd;W Ftpj;jikahy; thdpy; gwf;Fk; gwitfs; gpd;dhy; tl;lkpl;L tu Nfhgj;Jld; akndd te;j ahidAk; jUktPuh; mwtiu Nfl;L jd; gok; gpwg;G tuyhW czh;e;jJ (c.324-325). m/wpizAk; gwitfSk; rkaTzh;Tilad vd;gij khkprnkd epide;J kpUfhtjpiaj; J}f;fp nrd;W cz;gjw;fhf kiyapy; itj;j mz;lNguz;l Gs; mts; fz;tpopj;J vOe;jJ fz;L nfhy;yhik ‘czh;thy; Jah; nra;ahJ gwe;jJ vd;Dk;; cjazFkhufhtpaKk;. ‘gw;WapUz;zhg; Gs;’ (c.13-14). jd; nray;fSf;F – kjj;jhy; caph;nfhiy Ghpe;jik kPl;Lk; tpyq;Fgpwg;Ng tha;f;Fk; Jah; jUk; euNf tha;f;Fk; vd tUe;jpafspW (c.326) fz;zPUld; mikjpahfpd;wJ. 7 ehl;fspy; nka;QhdKk; rkhjpepiyAk; $l tpyq;F gpwg;G ePq;fp Njtgpwg;gile;jjhk; (c.354). ,wf;Fk; jWthapy; ,Ue;j ahid fhjpy; ke;jpuk; Xj mJTk; Njtgpwg;gile;jjhk;. ‘vidj;’ jhDk; ey;yit Nfl;f> midj;jhDk; Md;w ngUik jUk; vd;whw;Nghy; (jpUf;.416) ‘rhyke; jpukq; fhjpy; ,ire;jth; nrhy;yf; Nfl;Nl Apd;Gwj; Njth apw;Nw(c. 114:3-4) caph;f;F ca;jp jUk; tpujq;fSk; cs. ehf gQ;rkp Nehd;G xd;whk; ,e;Nehd;gpd; gadha; ed;dpiy mile;j epiyiag; NgRtNj ehfFkhu fhtpakhk; (eh: 148-150). ,e;Nehd;Gld; mUfG+ir> mwr;nray;fs; nrapd; ,e;jpugjtp> kz;zpy; cah; murtho;T gpd; JwNtw;f tPLkhk;. (eh.152) ‘,e;ew; fpukj; jd;dp ypdpikap Ndhd;G Nehw;W me;jkp yUfh; G+ir aUz;Kdp jhdQ;nra;jhy; ,e;jpu gjKk; ngw;W ,q;Fte; jur uhfp> ge;jjp tpidia ntd;W gQ;rk; fjpA khNk’ (eh:152) Jwtwk; tho;f;ifia ,af;Fk; mwq;fspy; xd;W Jwtwk;. ,y;ywj; JwT> JwT vDk; ,Uepiyfisf; fhz;fpNwhk;. tpiyahik czh;e;Jk; jd; epiyapy; vjph;ghuh Jah;thpd;> jd;dhy; jLf;fh,ayh #oypy; Jwt epiy nry;yYk; cz;lhjiy Nrhkg;ugd;Jwthy;ehfFkhudhy; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;Lj; jd;khdk; J}z;lJwtpahfpd;whd;(eh:100-101).jtj;jh; Fzj;jpy; Nkk;gl;lth;fs;; mwpTfhl;rpakh;e;j xOf;fj;jth; (eh. 25:3); tpidaopf;Fk; Kdpth; (eh. 36:4) gygb epiy Nehd;Gfshy; gf;Ftk; czh;e;jth;fs;; ,y;ywj;jhhplk; gpr;ir Vwgh;; ‘Ntis’ czT cz;gh;; cz;zh Nehd;gh; vd gyepiyauhk; (c.322). cjazFkhud; Nkw;nfhz;l jtepiy top XusT jtepiyah; epiyapid czuyhk;. jtk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; gf;Ftk; te;jjw;gpd; ey; Qhdk;> ey;fhl;rp> ey; nyhOf;fk; czh;j;j czh;e;J $e;jy; gwpj;Jj; jtf;Nfhyk; nfhz;lJld; (c.360)>mWtifepfhq;fis mUNshL fhj;J Gyd;fis mlf;fp Nehd;gpd; Kjy;gbahk; cz;zh Nehd;G Kjypad iff;nfhz;L jpahdk; Nkw;nfhz;ldh;. mfg;Gw epiyfspy; ,d;gk; Nkw;nfhs;shJ JwT tpjpfs; Nkw;nfhz;L czh;e;J jtj;jpy; KOikaile;jdh;; ,jdhy; kdnkhopnka;alq;f czT> ngz;> mr;rk;> ifg;gw;wy; vd;Dk; vz;zq;fs;tpyf Gydlf;fp> mWtif Mtr;rk;> vOtif Fzq;fs; Nghy;tdtw;iw ez;gh;fshf;fp jk; jtFoe;ijia tsh;j;jdh;. vl;LFzq;fs;> 9 Nahfq;fs; cilath;fsha; ntg;gk;> Fsph; vd;Dk; ,aw;if khw;wq;fshy; ghjpf;fg;glhjth;fsha; gapw;rpAw;W tpidthapiy


TdLm 234

milj;J11 tif cWg;gfSld; grp jPh; Ntl;if Mfpatw;iwf; fl;Lg;gLj;jpg; gd;dpU topKiwfisawpe;J gjpd; %d;W rl;ljpl;lq;fisAk;>gjpdhd;F gf;fq;fisAk; fw;W Njh;e;jtuha;j; jtj;jpy; KOikaile;J jpahdj;jhy; tpidfis vhpj;J NftyQhdkile;jhd; cjazd; vd;gjhy; jt epiy> gad;fs; Nghy;t mwpayhk; (c.361-365).jtk; vd;gJ ehSk; fhf;fNtz;Lk;; tsh;j;jy; Ntz;Lk; epiyiaf; $w jtj;ijf; Foe;ijahf xg;gpLthh; (c.363).rhuzh; jhk; ngw;w gapw;rpahy; gy epiyapduhk;. $l;lkha kyh;fs; Nky; nrYk; Gl;grhuzh;; ePhpy; nrYk; ryrhuzh;> fha;fdp kPJ nrYk; gyrhuzh;; E}y; Nky; nrYk; je;Jrhuzh;; ,iy cr;rpapd; Nky; thdpy; nrYk; Mfharhuzh;; epyj;jpypUe;J ehd; FtpuysT NkNy nry;tjhy; rJuq;Fyrhuzh;; kiyr;rpfuq;fspy; $bapUe;J thdpy; nry;tjdhy; rq;frhuzh;; (c.319-320). ,th;fs; kiyf;Fifapy; jq;FgtuhapDk; kf;fs; kPJ fUiznfhz;L Nkfnkd mwKiwj;jYk; ,thpay;ghk;. ‘mykwjPuNt twk ionga;Ak;’ > kyk We;ju khK dptUk;’ (c.321: 3-4). cz;zh Nehd;gpduha;> jifAila ,th; ,ay;G ,d;ndnjd tiuaWj;J $w ,ayhj jt Nkd;ikah; (c.322). Ntjehd;Fk; nkhopAk;> jk; nrhw;Nfl;Fk; kf;fspd; tpidfisg; Nghf;Fk; ,ay;gh; (c.318). rKjha epiyfs; jtj;jh;> Kdpth;> rhuzuha Jwth;fs; cyif ntWj;J JwT Nkw;nfhz;lduhapDk; caph;fis ntWf;ftpy;iy. vdNt caph;fUizauha; mth;fis ey;topgLj;jntd Ch;g;Gwk;> mUfd; Nfhapy; vd te;J jk;ik ehb tUk; kf;fs; Jah;Nghf;Ffpd;wdh;; mwk; ciuj;J mwtop nryj;J}z;b nray;gLj;Jfpd;whh;.xOf;fj;jpy; mOe;jp Nkdpiy mile;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,th;fs; jk; Kd;Ndw;wk; kl;LNk fUj;jpy; nfhs;shjtuha; kf;fs; eyDk;czh;e;jtuha; mUfd; Myak; my;yJ Ch; Gwq;fspy; jq;fp kf;fspd; Iaq;fs; jPh;j;Jk;> mwTiufs; $wpAk; kf;fis topgLj;Jfpd;wdh;. ,fgu Fog;gq;fs;> Iaq;fs; topfhl;lyha; ,th;fs; gq;Nfw;G mikfpd;wjhk;. jhk; fhZk; fztpd; gad;fis Nfl;fyha; (gpujpNjtp – rae;jud; (eh.44)); vjph;fhyk; tpdtyha; (gpujpNjtp ew;kfg;NgWgw;wp eh.37); jd; kf;fs; ehlhs;tNuh xUth;f;Fg; gzp nra;tNuh vd #uNrdkd;dd; nrath;kh; (eh.77); Rg;gpujpl;lkd;dd; nrath;kd; (eh.104) Nfl;gjha;:; thrtj;ij kiwe;jhnsd JaUld; Mo;e;j cjazid cyfpaYrf;Fj; jpUg;Gk; Kay;tha; Kdptd; cjtp ehLifapy; cjTgtuha; (rh];fpaj;jha; kw;Wk; fhfJz;lKdp c.155-158); gy kidtpah; ,Uf;f ,Wjpaha; kze;j ,yf;fiz kPJ kl;Lk; md;Gkpf fhuz vd;ndd ehf FkhuDk; (eh.144-147); jd; gl;lj;J ahid kPJ md;G kpF fhuzk; tpdtp cjaFkhuDk; (c.342-348)>cah; tpujq;fs; $w gok; gpwg;Gzh;j;jpAk; mwTiu Nfl;L Jwtk; nfhs;sy; Nghy;t ,th; jk; gq;fspg;ngdyhk;. Htepiyapy; rka epiytupd; jdpj;J $wtpy;iyahk;. jFjpahdth;thpd; jk;kplKs;s mUk;nghUis aspj;jYk; ,th;Gz;ghk.; NjNte;jpud jf;fspj;j Nfhltjpahio gpukD Re;juKdpth; cjazDf;F toq;fy; ,j;jd;ikajhk; (fhdf; fhpzKk; Gs;Sk; kw;Wq;> fz;lb tPOq; fPjg; Gue;jud; nfhLj;j ahOk; (c.18-23). Fkhufhtpaq;fspy; mwk; tho;f;ifapd; Ritahd tp\aq;fspy; xd;W epiyahik vdNt mjid czh;e;J mwj;ij nra;J tho;jy; Ntz;Lnkd;gJ Md;Nwhh; ciuf;Fk; cz;ik. ,jidg; ‘Gy; EdpNky; ePh;Nghy; epiyahik vd;Wz;zp> ,d;dzpNa nra;f mwtpid (ehyb 29:1-1) vd;wdh; Md;Nwhh.; tho;f;ifg;gad; jUk; mwr;nray;fisg; nghf;fp\kha; Nghw;Wfpd;NwhNk jtpu nryT nra;tjpy; fQ;rj;jdk; nra;tjhy; mwpQh; fhyq;fhykha; mwKiuj;jy; Njitahfpd;wJ. Fkhufhtpaq;fSk; mwq; $WtJld; epy;yhJ mt;top epd;Nwhh; ,ay;Gfs;> NgWfs; tpsf;fyhy; gapy;thh;fF ce;Jrf;jpiaHA;> ek;kpDk; Nkk;gl;L cyfpaYpy; Mo;ejth;fNs ca;jpailifapy; ehk; mt;top nrypd; Jd;G Nghf;fp ca;ayhk; vDk; ek;gpf;if xspaha; tho;f;if eilKiw ghlkha; ,yq;FtJk; ,jd; rpwg;ghk;. rkz mwkhk; m/wpiz caph;fs; kPJk; md;Gilath;fsha; tpsq;fy; Ntz;Lk; ,ir caph;fis trg;gLj;jp ,d;gDgtpf;fj;J}z;Lk;; xOf;if rpjwr; nra;Ak;; vdNt rydkilahJ vr;rhpf;if Njit; fhKk; caph;fspd; jtph;f;ftpayh czh;thapDk; mjpy; jpUg;jp vd;gNj fpilahJ ‘NtiyA+jk;’ Nghy; mDgtpf;f mDgtpf;f kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; vd;Wjhd;


TdLm 235

Nfl;FNkjtpu NghJk; czh;Ttuh miJ khw;w xNutop czh;e;J mlf;fp thoNyahk;. ,jid murh;fs; Mapuf;fzf;fhdkidtpah; kze;JkfpopDk; cyfpaypNyNa coy;fpd;wdh;. czh;e;J tpyfp jtk; Nkw;nfhs ca;jpailtjha;fhl;Lk; rkz ,yf;fpa tho;tpay; $iwNa ,f;fhtpaq;fSk; czh;j;Jfpd;wd. fhkj;jpy; Moy; kdpjg;gpwtpapd; fPoha gpwtpf;Nf toptFf;Fkhjypd; mjid tplL;Jwtepiyapy; epw;wNy caph;fspd; ca;jpahk;. ,ayhtpbd; ,yywj;ij ey;ywkhf;fp flikfis Kbj;Jg;gpd; Kw;We;Jwtkhfyhk;.,UghyUf;Fk; xOf;fk; Njit. ,y;ywk;> Jwtwk; ,UepiyapdUf;Fk; gpwh;Nky; fUiz ,d;wpaikahjjhk;; Raeyk; mopNt Nghy;t Fkhufhtpaq;fs; nkhopAk; mwq;fshk;. KbTiu xOf;fNk tho;tpd; caph ehbahjypd; ahtUk; iff; nfhs;sj;jf;f mwk; ,Jthk;. caph;f;fUiz> md;G> Raeykpd;ik> gfph;jy; caph;fs; ahth;f;Fk; chpajhk;. jd;idr; rhh;e;jhiuAk; jifikAilauhf;f ,ad;wij nra;jYk; mwtho;Nt vd;gJk; ;Fkhufhtpaq;fs; nkhopAk; tho;tpay; mwq;fshk;. fhg;gpaq;fs; vDk; epiyapy; Ritfis KOikahf vjph;ghh;f;f ,ayhtpbDk; ,it jhkp; gilf;fg;gl; Nehf;fpw;Nfw;g mwk; nkhoptjpy;> fijia tpsf;Ftjpy; ;jd;dpay;gpy; epw;fpd;wd vdyhk;. ‘mwk; nghUs; ,d;gk; tPliljy; E}w;gaNd’ vd;gjw;F ,f;Fkhufhtpaq;fSk; jifAiladthk;.


TdLm 236

rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; jkpoh; tho;tpay; mwq;fs;;;

Kidth; uh.rhe;jp cjtpg; Nguhrphpah;> jkpo;j;Jiw

kNdhd;kzpak; Re;judhh; gy;fiyf;fof cWg;Gf;fy;Y}hp> fd;dpahFkhpkhtl;lk;

rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; jkpo; kf;fspd; tho;tpay; nfhs;iffis Nfhl;ghLfis ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. Cahpa gz;Gfisf; nfhz;L jd; ,y;ywf; flikfis ,dpNj epiwNtw;wp tho;gtd; jkpod;. ghh;Nghw;Wk; cah;e;j gz;ghLfisg; ngw;WgyUk; tpaf;Fk; tz;zk; tho;e;J nfhz;bUg;gtd; jkpod;. gz;ghl;Lr; rpwg;Gilatd; jkpod;. jpUts;Sth; thf;fpd; gb ey;ygz;G cilath;fs; tho;e;J nfhz;bUg;gjhy; jhd; ,t;Tyfk; epiyj;jpUf;fpwJ.r%fnghJikf;fhfTk; gz;ghl;ilf; fhg;ghw;Wtjw;fhfTk; cah;e;jgz;GfisNjh;e;njLj;J ,ak;gpAs;sdh;. mtw;Ws; rpytw;iwMa;Tnra;tNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fk;. tpUe;Njhk;gy; jkpoh;fSilajdpr; rpwg;NgtpUe;Njhk;gy; gz;ghFk;. njhy;fhg;gpak; ngz;zpw;Fhpagz;gpidf; Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ,

“tpUe;JGwe; jUjYk; Rw;wk; Xk;gYk; gpwTk; md;dfpoNthd; khz;Gfs; (njhy;fhg;gpak; fw;gpay; 11)

vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. ,e;jpuh; mkpo;jk; ,iatjhapDk; ,dpJvdj; jkpah; cz;lYk; ,yNuvd;w cahpa nfhs;ifAilath;fs.; ,y;ywj;jpd; Kf;fpa fli;kahf tpUe;Njhk;gy; fUjg;gl;lJ. Nfhtyd; fz;zfpiag; gphpe;J khjtpNahL tho;e;j fhyj;jpy; fz;zfp Nfhtydpd; gphpit vz;zp kl;Lk; fyq;ftpy;iy. tpUe;Njhk;gy; vd;Dk; flikiaMw;Wk; tha;g;G ,y;;yhikia vz;zptUe;jpdhs;. “mwNthh;f; fspj;jYk; me;jzNuhk;gYk; JwNthh;f; nfjph;jYk; njhy;Nyhh; rpwg;gpd; tpUe;njjph; NfhlYk; ,oe;jvd;id” vd;W tpUe;Njhk;Gk; ,y;ywf; flikia Mw;w ,ayhikiantspg;gLj;Jfpwhs;. kidtpNahL Nrh;e;J ,y;yw tho;f;if tho;tJ tpUe;jpdiu cgrhpg;gNjahk; vd;W ts;Sth; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. fhjy; tho;f;if rq;ffhy kf;fs; fhjiyAk; tPuj;ijAk; ,Ufz;;fshfg; Nghw;wpdh;. rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; jiytd; jiytpapd; md;gpd; Moj;ij, fhjiy ntspg;gLj;Jtjhf cs;sd. jiykfs; Njhopaplk; jiytdpd; md;ig $Wk; #oypy; mf;fhjy; epyj;ijtpl gue;;jjhf> thidtpl cah;e;jjhf> fliytpl Mokhdjhf jpfo;tjhf $Wfpwhs;. “epyj;jpDk; nghpNjthdpDk; cah;e;jd;W ePhpDk; Muhtpd;Nwrhuy; fUq;Nfhw; FwpQ;rpg; g+f;nfhz;L ngUe;Njd; ,iof;Fk; ehlndhLel;Ng” (FUe;njhif 3) jiytd; jd;idg; gphpe;J tpLthNd hvdIAw;wjiytpapd; Iaj;ijNghf;Fk; tpjkhfj; jiytd; $Wfpd;whd;. “ahAk; QhAk; ahh; MfpaNuh ve;ijAk; Ee;ijAk; vk;Kiwf; Nfsph; ahDk; ePAk; vt;topmwpJk; nrk;Gyg; ngay;ePh; Nghy md;GilneQ;rk;jhk; fye;jdNt” (FUe;njhif 40)


TdLm 237

nrk;kz; epyj;jpy; nga;jkioePh; nrk;kz;Zld; fye;Jnre;ePuhtJNghyek; ,Uth; cs;sq;fSk; xd;Wgl;Ltpl;ld. vdNtgphpntd;gNj ,y;iyvdf; $wpj; jiytd; jiytpiaj; njspTgLj;Jfpwhd;. jdJje;ijapd; nry;tj;ijtpljiytd; tPl;LtWikNajdf;FkpfTk;; ,dpikaha; ,Ug;gJvdjiytp $WtJcahpafhjypd; ntspg;ghLMFk;. “md;dha; thopNtz;ld;idek;glg;ig Njd; kaq;FghypDk; ,dpamth;ehl;L ctiyf; $tw; fPo;kh Yz;nlQ;rpafOopePNu” (Iq;FWE}WFwpQ;rp 203) khd; Kjypatpyq;Ffs; cz;LvQ;rpafyq;fpaePuhdJek; fpzw;WePhpy; NjidAk; ghiyAk; Nrh;j;JFbj;jhYk; fpilf;fhjRitahFk; vd;WGFe;jtPl;ilcah;thf $WtJmwpaKbfpwJ. jiytDld; cld;Nghf;FNkw;nfhz;ljiytpiaj; Njbnrtpypj;jha; nry;fpwhs;. topapw; mwNthiuf; fz;LtpdTfpwhs;. mjw;Fmth;>re;jdk; kiyapy; gpwe;jhYk; Kj;Jflypy; gpwe;jhYk; ,irahopy; gpwe;jhYk; gad;gLj;Jth;f;Nf chpadthjy; Nghy; Ek; kfs; ekf;F Mq;F midaNs vd;W mwpTiuf; $wptopaDg;Gfpwhh;. “ gyTWeWQ;rhe;jk; gLg;gth;f; fy;yij kiyANsgpwg;gpDk; kiyf;Fmitjhk; vd; nra;Ak; epidAq;fhy; Ek;kfs; Ekf;Fkhq;FmidaNs” (ghiyfs; 8) ,g;ghly; ngz; vd;gts; gpwe;jtPl;bw;F chpatsy;yy;. GFe;j tPl;bw;F gad;gl;L tho;gts; vd;w eilKiw tho;tpaiy kpfmofhf fhl;LfpwJ. cyfg; nghJik rq;f ,yf;fpak;cyfnghJf; fUj;JfisAk; cz;ikfisAk; njspthfvLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. “ahJk; CNuahtUk; Nfsph; jPJk; ed;Wk; gpwh;juthuh” vd;Dk; ftpijapy; fzpad; G+q;Fd;wdhh; jiyrpwe;jnghJcz;ikfisf; $wpAs;shh;. mf;fhyj;jpNyNacyfxw;WikiatypAWj;Jk; tpjkhfahJk; vkf;Fr; nrhe;jCuhFk; vy;NyhUk; vkf;Fcwtpdh; Mth; vd;wcyfnghJikf; fUj;ijf; $wpAs;shh;. jPikAk; ed;ikAk; gpwuhy; tUtjpy;iyvd;wey;y mw fUj;ijAk; typAWj;Jfpwhh;. “ney;Yk; caphmd;NwePUk; caph; md;Nw kd;dd;; caph;j;Njkyh;jiycyfk; mjdhy; ahd;caph; vd;gJmwpif Nty;kpFjhidNte;jh;f;Ff; flNd” (Gwk; 186) kf;fSf;F czTk;> mt;TzT tpisjw;F Mjhukhfpa ePUk; caph; jUtd my;y. kd;didNa kf;fs; capuhff; nfhz;L tho;fpd;wdh;. vdNt kf;fsJ caph; jhd; vd czh;e;J clyd;wp caph; thoh vd;Dk; cz;ikawpe;J cliyg; NgZtJ Nghy kf;fisg; ghJfhj;J guhkhpj;J tho;tJ kd;ddJ flikahFk;. ,f;fUj;J rq;ffhyj;Jf;Nfh jkpoUf;Nfh kl;Lk; chpajd;W. ,f;fhyj;jpw;Fk; cyfk; KOikf;Fk; nghUe;Jk; murpay; newpahFk;. NkYk; kd;ddhf ,Ue;jhYk; Vioahf ,Ue;jhYk; cz;gJ ehop cLg;git ,uz;Nl vd;w fUj;jpd; thapyhf gpwUf;F cjTq;fs;. Njitf;F mjpfkhf Nrh;j;J itg;gjpy; vth;f;Fk; gadpy;iy vd;w fUj;Jf; $wg;gLfpwJ. rq;ffhy kf;fs; gopf;F mQ;Rk; tho;itNa tpUk;gpdh;. GfOf;fhf capiuAk; nfhLf;fjaq;fhjth;fs;. mth;fs; gopNahL cyfKk; tUnkd;why; gopf;fQ;rp cyif Ntz;lhk; vd;W xJf;fptpLk; ,ay;Gilath;fs;. jkf;nfd thohky; gpwh;f;nfdthOk; ey; cs;sk; gilj;jth;fs;. “Gfo;vdpd; capUk; nfhLf;Fthgopnadpd; cyFld; ngwpDk; nfhs;syh” - GwehD}W rpyg;gjpfhuKk; cyfk; jOtpanghJikmwf; fUj;jhfnfhz;Ltpsq;FfpwJ. “murpay;gpioj;Njhh;f;Fmwk; $w;whtJ}k; ciurhy; gj;jpdpf;Fah;e;NjhNuj;jYk; Co;tpidAUj;Jte; J}l;Lk; vd;gJ}ck” ; vd;wfUj;Jfs; vy;NyhuhYk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$bafUj;Jf;fNsahFk;.


TdLm 238

fy;tp goe;jkpoh;fs; fy;tpiaAk; fiyfisAk; Nghw;wpaijr; rq;fg; ghly;fs; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. Mhpag;gilfle;jneLQ;nropad; vd;wghz;bakd;dd; fy;tpapd; khz;igf; Fwpj;JghbAs;sijg; GwehD}w;wpy; fhzyhk;. “Cw;WopcjtpAk; cWnghUs; nfhLj;Jk; Gpw;iwepiyKdpahJfw;wy; ed;Nw” cyftho;tpy; kf;fspd; flikfs; gw;wp $Wk; NghJ “ <d;WGwe;jUjy; vd;jiyf; flNd rhd;Nwhd; Mf;Fjy; je;ijf;Ff; flNd” (GwehD}W 312) vdjdpkdpjdpd; flikfs; tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wd. “ey;yJnra;jy; Mw;wpuhapDk; my;yJnra;jy; Xk;Gkpd;” (GwehD}W 195) vd;w ghly; ey;tpidiar; nra;aKbatpy;iyahapDk; jPtpidiar; nra;ahjPh;fs;; vd;wrpwe;jmwpTiuiaGwehD}W $WfpwJ. rq;f ,yf;fpamwf;fUj;Jf;fs; vf;fhyj;jpYk; vy;NyhuhYk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba cahpafUj;Jf;fs;.


TdLm 239

jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; mwnewpf; $Wfs;

it.Nty;KUfd;;;

KidtHgl;l Ma;thsH NguhrpupaH fy;tpapay; Jiw> ngupahH gy;fiyf;fofk;> Nryk;

Kd;Diu rq;f fhyk; njhlq;fp jw;fhyk; tiu kf;fSf;fhd tho;tpay; newpfis $whj ,yf;fpaq;fNs ,y;iy vdyhk;. vdNt jhd; kf;fspd; tho;f;ifNahL njhlHGila rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; nghUs; ,yf;fzj;ij mfk;> Gwk; vd;W gpupj;J fhl;LfpwJ. ek; Kd;NdhHfs; tho;e;j tho;f;if Nghw;wpa mwk;> tpUe;Njhk;gpa gz;G> NghHf; nfhs;iffs; ,tw;iw jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; ngUikAld; giw rhw;Wfpd;wd. mt;tifapy; ,yf;fpaq;fs; czHj;Jk; tho;tpay; newpfsi Muha;tNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. njhd;ikkpf;f ek; kf;fspd; tho;tpay; epiyfisqr rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. mf;fhy kf;fspd; fl;Lg;ghL vd;gJ rw;W jsHe;j epiyapNy jhd; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,j;jifa kf;fis ey;topg;gLj;j> mwk; rhHe;J mtHfs; eykha; tho rq;f ,yf;fpaj;ij mLj;J mw ,yf;fpaq;fs; Njhd;w Ntz;ba #oy; te;jJ. mwk; nghUs; tpsf;fk; mwk; vd;w nrhy;Yf;Ff; flik> Nehd;G> jUkk;> fw;G> ,y;ywk;> Jwtwk;> ey;tpid> mwE}y;> mwf;flTs; Nghd;wtw;iwg; nghUshf jkpofuhjp Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. kdpjdpd; tho;tpw;F mwNk mbg;gil vd;gij ,t;tpyf;fpa E}y;fs; tpsf;fpepw;fpd;wd. ‘‘mOf;fhW mth ntFsp ,d;dhr;nrhy; ehd;Fk; ,Of;fh ,ad;wJ mwk;|| (Fws; 35) vd;fpwJ jpUf;Fws; Fws; top epd;why; Fd;wpypl;l tpsf;fha; kpspuyhk;. mwk; NgzTk;> mfpyk; Nghw;w tho;Tk; ,yf;fpaq;fs; top fhl;Lfpd;wd. khdpldpd; tho;tpay; newpfs; mfKk; GwKk; NrHe;j mwptpaNy tho;tpay;. jkpo;r;nrk;nkhopg; gilg;Gfs; ,tw;wpy; xd;iwNah my;yJ ,uz;ilANkh jhq;fpNa epw;fpd;wd. mit jdp kdpjidNah my;yJ r%fj;ijNah jOtpNa gilf;fg;gl;ld. mfg;nghUs; ghly;fspy; khe;jHfisg; nghJtpYk; Gwg;nghUs; ghly;fspy; mtHfspd; ngaHfisf; Fwpg;gpl;Lk; ghLtNj jkpo; tho;tpay; czHj;Jk; Kjd;ikf; fUj;jhFk;. njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; kdpjdpd; mf tho;f;if fhjy; tho;f;ifahdJ fsT> gpd;G fw;G vd;Dk; epiyfis cilajhf ,Ue;jJ. njhy;fhg;gpay; czHj;Jk; fsthsJ> ‘‘,d;gKk; nghUSk; mwDk; vd;whq;F md;nghh GzHe;j Ie;jpiz kUq;fpd; fhkf; $l;lk; fhZq; fhiy kiwNahH Njvj;J kd;wy; vl;lDs; Jiwik ey;aho;j; JizikNahH ,ay;Ng|| (njhy;fhg;gpak; E}w;gh.vz;.203) tho;tpay; rpe;jidfs; (khdplf; flik) cyfj;jpy; vj;jidNah capupdq;fs; ,Ue;jhYk; kdpjDf;F kl;Lk; jhd; thOk; newpKiw cz;L. rq;fj; jkpoHfs; jq;fsJ tho;f;ifia mfk;> Gwk; vd ,uz;lhfg; gFj;Jf; nfhz;ldH. $btho;e;j jkpoHfs; rKjhaj;jpy; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; jdpj;jdp flikfis cUthf;fpdH.


TdLm 240

‘‘ <d;W Gwe;jUjy; vd;jiyf; flNd rhd;Nwhdhf;Fjy; je;ijf;Ff; flNd Nty; tbj;Jf; nfhLj;jy; nfhy;yw;Ff; flNd ed;dil ey;fy; Nte;jw;Ff; flNd xspWths; mUQ;rkk; KUf;fpf; fspnwwpe;J ngaHjy; fhisf;Ff; flNd|| (Gwk; -312) rKjhaj;jpy; ahH ahUf;F vd;d vd;d flikfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;gijAk; r%f cwTfis tsHf;Fk; nray;fisAk; Fwpj;J tptupf;fpd;wd. ,d;gKk; nghUSk; mwDk; vd;W nrhy;yg;gl;L md;NghL $ba Ie;jpizfNshL epfOk; jpUkz Kiwfs; vl;lDs; Jiwik ey;y ahopid cilNahuJ newpahFk;. fstpy; jiytDk; jiytpAk; fz;L Iak; ePq;fp Fwpg;GzHe;J $b Njhop> nrtpyp> ew;wha; %yk; mwpag;gl;L> mtHfs; kWg;gpd; cld;Nghf;Fr; nrd;W gpd; kzk; Kbg;gJ epfOk;. ‘‘ fw;ngdg; gLtJ fuznkhL Gzuf; nfhsw;Fup kugpd; fpotd; fpoj;jpiaf; nfhilf;Fup kugpNdhH nfhLg;gf; nfhs;tJNt|| (njhy;fhg;gpak; E}w;gh.vz;.333) fhuzj;njhL mike;J nfhs;Sjw;Fupa kugpid cila jiykfd; nfhs;Sjw;Fupa jiykfis mts; ngw;NwhH nfhLg;gf; nfhs;tJ fw;ghFk;. njhy;fhg;gpaf; fhyj;jpw;F Kw;gl;l jkpoupl;k; jpUkzk; vd;fpw tJitr; rlq;F ,Ue;jjhfj; njupatpy;iy. ehs; el;rj;jpuk; ghHj;jy;> jhyp fl;Ljy; Nghd;wit gpw;fhyj;jpy; Vw;gl;litNa vd;W rpy Ma;thsHfs; fUJfpd;wdH. ,yf;fpaq;fs; Fwpg;gpLk; khdpldpd; Gwtho;T xOf;fk; Gw xOf;fkhdJ gy $Wfisf; nfhz;lJ. mwk;> nghUs;> tPL Mfpatw;iw vLj;jpak;gp jdpkdpj kw;Wk; r%f xOf;fj;ij tho;tpaypd; %yk; tpsf;Ftd GwE}y;fs;. gjpnzd; Nky;fzf;F E}y;fSs; ngUk;ghyhdit GwE}y;fNs> murpay;> thzpgk;> nghUshjhuk;> NghH> Gfo;> tPuk;> <if vdg; gy $Wfisg; ghLfpwJ Gwk;. ahJk; CNu ahtUk; NfspH vd;w fzpad; g+q;Fd;wdhupd; tup cyfg; nghJikapd; tpj;J. ‘‘ jkf;nfd Kayh Nehd;jhs; gpwHf;nfd KaYey; cz;ikahNd|| (Gwk;-132) flYs; kha;e;j ,sk;ngUtOjpapd; ,t;tupfs; czHj;Jk; mwkhtJ ahnjdpd;> gpwUf;fhf typa Kaw;rpAld; ciog;gtHfs; ,Ug;gjdhy; jhd; ,e;j cyfk; ,aq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;gij ‘‘ njhy; cyfpy; ey;yhH xUtH csNuy; mtHnghUl;L vy;NyhUf;Fk; nga;Ak; kio|| (%Jiu-11) vd;W ,ilf;fhy xsitahUk;> njhd;ikahd ,t;Tyfpy; ey;ytH xUtH ,Ug;ghuhapd; mtH nghUl;Nl cyfk; nropf;f vy;NyhUf;Fk; ki nga;Ak; vd;W ,Nj fUj;jika ghbAs;shH. ‘‘itaj;Js; tho;thq;F tho;gtd; thDiwAk; nja;tj;Js; itf;fg;gLk;|| (Fws;.50) cyfpy; tho Ntz;ba mwnewpapy; epd;W tho;gtH thDyfj;jpYs;s nja;tj;jpw;Fr; rkkhf itj;J kjpf;fg;gLtH vd;gJk;> ‘‘ rhjypd; ,d;dhj jpy;iy ,dpjJ}ck; <jy; ,iaahf; fil|| (Fws;-230) rhtijtplj; Jd;gkhdJ Ntnwhd;Wk; ,y;iy. Mdhy;> twpatHf;F xU nghus; nfhLf;fKbahj epiy te;j nghOJ me;jr; rhjYk; ,dpaNj MFk; vd;gJk; ‘‘ <jy; ,irgl tho;jy; mJty;yJ Cjpak; ,y;iy capHf;F|| (Fws;.231) twpatHf;Ff; nfhLg;gJ mjdhy; Gfo;ngUf tho;tJ ,/jd;wp kdpjHf;Fg; gad;jUtJ Ntnwhd;Wk; ,y;iy vd;gJk; ts;StH $Wk; mwq;fspy; rpy> ‘‘mQ;Rk; gpzp%g;G mUq;$w; Wldpiae;J JQ;r tUNk Jaf;F|| (gonkhop ehD}W.6)


TdLm 241

mwj;ij ,sikapNyNa nra;f. nfhQ;rKk; khw;Wtjw;F ,ayhj gpzp> %g;G> kw;Wk; mUq;$w;W ,it NrHe;j gpd; mwk;nra;a KbahjgbmwpTkaf;fKk; te;Jtplf;$Lk; vd;fpwhH Kd;Wiu miuadhH. ‘‘MHfyp Ayfj;J kf;fl;nfy;yhk; Ngupw; gpwe;jik <uj;jpd; mwpg <uk; cilik <ifapd; mwpg|| (KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp.2.1.) fly;#o;e;j cyfj;jpy; thOk; kf;fs; vy;NyhUs;Sk; xUtd; ngUq;Fbapy; gpwe;jikia mtd; <ifapdhNy mwptH vd;gJ $lY}Hf;fpohH $w;W. Mrhuf; Nfhitf; Fwpg;gpLk; vz;Fzq;fs; xOf;fj;jpw;F tpijahf vl;L Fzq;fisr; Rl;LfpwJ ,e;E}y;. ‘‘ ed;wpawpjy; nghiwAilik ,d;nrhy;NyhL ,d;dhj vt;TapHf;Fk; nra;ahik> fy;tpNahL xg;GuT Mw;W mwpjy;> mwpTilik ey; ,dj;jhNuhL el;ly; ,it vl;Lk; nrhy;ypa Mrhutpj;J. (Mrhuf; Nfhit ghly;-1) ed;wp kwthik> nghWik> ,d;nrhy;> Jd;gk; jUtd nra;ahik> fy;tp> xg;GuT mwpjy;> mwpTilik> ey;y ,ay;Gs;stHfSld; el;Gr; nra;jy; vd;w ,e;j vl;L Fzq;fSk; mwpQHfshy; $wg;ngw;w ey; xOf;fq;fl;Ff; fhuzq;fshFk;. itfiwapy; nra;a Ntz;bait fhiyapy; vOe;jpUj;jy; Kjy; ,uT tiu xt;nthUtUk; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba nray;fisg; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ Mrhuf;Nfhit. ‘‘itfiw ahkk; Japy; vOe;J jhd; nra;Ak; ey;ywKk; vz;nghUSk; rpe;jpj;J tha;tjpy; je;ijAk; jhAk; njhOnjOf ntd;gNj Ke;ijNahH fz;l Kiw.|| (Mrhuf; Nfhit ghly;-4) itfiwahfpa gpd; ahkj;jpNy Japy; vOe;J> kWehs; nra;a Ntz;ba ey;y mwr;nray;fis Muha;e;J ghHf;f Ntz;Lk; je;ijiaAk;> jhiaAk; njhOJ vOe;J xU nraiyr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ew;nray;fisr;rpe;jpj;jy;> ngw;Nwhiuj; njhOjy; vd;gd Nghd;w ed;ndwpfis ,e;E}y; top czu KbfpwJ. ,iw topghL ‘‘,iu NjLtNjhL ,iwtidAk; NjL|| vd;gJ Md;NwhH thf;F. ek;gpf;if it. eyk;ngWtha; vd;gH rhd;NwhH. fhiyapYk;> khiyapYk; ,iwtopghL nra;jy; ey;yjhk; vd;fpwJ ,e;E}y;. ‘‘ ehs; me;jp Nfhy; epd;W fz;foP,j; nja;tj;ijj; jhd; mwpAk; Mw;wyhy; njhOJ vOf my;F me;jp epd;W njhOjy; gop.|| (Mrhuf; Nfhit ghly;-9) gy; Jilj;J fz; fOtp jhd; tzq;Fk; flTis mwpAk; newpahy; njho Ntz;Lk;. gpd; xU nraiyj; njhlq;f Ntz;Lk;. khiyg; nghOjpd;fz; jhd; tzq;Fq; flTis ,Ue;J tzq;fy; (epd;W tzq;Fjy; Fw;wk;) Ntz;Lk;. ,iwtid topgl;L vr;nraiyAk; nra;apd; eyNk fpl;Lk; vd;gij ,e;E}y; top mwpaKbfpwJ.

tWikapy; nrk;ikahd tho;f;if rq;f fhyj;jpy; tho;e;jtHfs; nrk;ikahf tho;e;jhYk; tWikapy; tho;e;jtHfs;. nrk;ikaha; tho;f;if elj;jp cs;sdH. tWik kdpjdpd; ew;gz;Gfis mopj;Jtplf;$baJ. vdpDk; rhd;whz;ik kpf;f kdpjy; jdJ tWikia ntspapy; Gyg;gLj;jpf; fhl;lkhl;lhHfs;. rq;ffhyg; ngz;fs; nrk;ikaha; tho;e;Js;sdH. ngz; xUj;jp tPl;Lj; Njhl;lj;jpNyNa cs;s Fg;igapNy gapuhd Ntisf;fPiuiaf; $Hikahd efj;jpdhy; fps;spnaLf;fpwhs;. cg;G ,y;yhky; Ntfitf;fpwhs;. mwpahjtHfs; mijg;ghHj;J gupfrpg;ghHfNs vd;W ehzkile;jhs;. Mjyhy; thapw;fjitr; rhj;jp jhspl;Lf; nfhz;lhs;. cs;Ns epiwe;j Rw;wKld; cl;fhHe;J mjid cz;lhs;. ,jid>


TdLm 242

‘‘ xy;F grpAOe;j xLq;F Ez; kUq;Fjy; tisf;if fpizkfs; ts;cjpHf; Fiwe;ej Fg;ig Ntis cg;G ,yp nte;jij klNthH fhl;rp ehzpf; fil milj;J|| (rpWghzhw;Wg;gil. 135-138) vd;w mbfspy; tWikapYk; nrk;ikAld; tho;e;j gz;ilaj; jkpo; kf;fspd; caupa kjpg;ig GytH rpj;jupf;fpwhH. GwehD}W Fwpg;gpLk; nfhil (<if) rq;ffhyr; rKjhaj;jpy; nghUs; mbg;gilapy; kf;fspilNa Vw;wj;jho;Tfs; fhzg;gl;ld. tho;f;ifia rpwg;ghd Kiwapy; tho;e;jpl nghUs; Njit. Mdhy; nghUs; kl;LNk rpwe;j tho;f;ifia je;JtplhJ ,jidNa GwehD}W tsikiaAk;> tWikiaAk; xd;W Nru Nehf;FfpwJ. vdNt nghUsw;w tWik epiyia kd;dHfs; Nghf;f epidj;jdH. mtw;wpd; tpisNt <ifAk; nfhilAk; mwq;fshff; fUjg;gl;ld. jd; Njitf;F mjpfkhf cs;s nghUs;fs; tPzhtijj; jLj;J ,y;yhjtHfSf;Ff; nfhLg;gNj rpwe;j tho;f;ifj; jhd; newpahff; fUjg;gl;ld. ‘‘cz;go ehop cLg;git ,uz;Nl gpwTk; vy;yhk; XH Xf;FNk mjdhy; nry;tj;Jg; gaNd <jy; Ja;g;Nghk; vdpNd jg;Ge gyNt|| (Gwk;.189) jq;fSila Njitf;F kpjkpQ;rpa nghUs;fis kw;wtUf;F nfhLj;J cjTtNj nry;tj;jpd; gadhff; fUjg;gl;lJ. GwehD}w;wpy; mwpTiu vd;Dk; ed;ndwp ehk; thOk; cyfpy; rpy ey;y kdpjiuAk; fhz;fpNwhk;. mtHfs; kdk; vg;NghJk; kw;wtHfSf;F ed;ik nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; fhzg;gLk;. rpyH vg;NghJk; mLj;jtUf;F jPikiar; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; cilatuhf fhzg;gLthH. ,tHfisj; jpUj;j vz;zpa eupnt&cj; jiyahH. ‘‘gy;rhd; wPNu gy;rhd; wPNu fad;Ks; vd;d eiuKjpH jpiufTl; gadpy; %g;gpw; gy;rhd; wPNu fzpr;rpf; $Hk;gilf; fLe;jpw nyhUtd; gpzpf;Fq; fhiy apuq;FtPH khNjh ey;yJ nra;j yhw;wP uhapDk; my;yJ nra;j Nyhk;Gkp dJjhd; vy;yhU Ktg;G jd;wpAk; ey;yhw;Wg; g^c newpAkh uJNt|| (GwehD}W gh.195) vd;w ghly; cyfpy; fhzg;gLk; rpy jPa kdpjHfspd; gz;gw;w nray;fshy; kdpj Fyj;jpw;F jPq;F NeupLk; mtyj;ij fz;L mtHfSf;Fk;> mtHfisg; Nghd;wtHfl;Fk; mwpTiu $Wk; epiyapy; Njhd;wpa caHe;j ghlyhFk;. ,g;ghly; czHj;Jk; fuj;J gy ey;y Fzq;fisAk;> mwpitAk; cilatHfNs> kPdpd; Ks;isg; Nghd;w (ntz;ikahd) eiu kapH kpf;f NkY. RUq;fpa fd;dq;fisAk; gad; ,y;yhj KJikiaAk; cila gy ew;Fzq;fisAilatHfNs. kO vd;w $Hikahd gilf;fyj;ijAk; kpFe;j typikiaAk; cila $w;Wtd; (vkd;) cq;fisg; ghrf;fapw;why; fl;bf;nfhz;L NghFk; fhyj;jpy; ePq;fs; kdk; tUe;JtPH. Mifahy; kw;wtHfSf;F ,d;Nw ey;ytw;iwr; nra;Aq;fs;. ePq;fs; kw;wtHf;F ed;ikfisr; nra;ahJ NghapDk; jPtpidiar; nra;tijahtJ tpl;LtpLq;fs;. mJjhd; vy;NyhuhYk; Gfo;e;J Nghw;wg;gLtjhFk;. ,it md;wp cq;fs; ey;y newpapy; nrYj;Jk; topAk; mJjhd; vd;W eupnt&cj; jiyahH $WfpwhH. KbTiu tho;tpd; nrk;ikf;Fk;> nrOikf;Fk; top fhl;Ltd ,yf;fpaq;fs;> jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; tho;tpd; newpfis ekf;F glk; fhl;LfpwJ. ey;y mwnewpapy; epd;W tha;ik jtwhky;> ek;gpf;ifNahL Mo;e;j md;Gld; tho;e;jhy; tho;T rpwf;Fk; vd;gij jkpo; ,yf;fpag; ghly;fs; ekf;F fw;gpf;fpd;wd. xUtd; jd; tho;ehspy; nra;a Ntz;ba nray; mwr;nraNy MFk;. mwkhtJ capHfs; midj;jpw;Fk; Ntz;lg;gLtJ mJ capHfSf;F jiyahaJ> mj;jifa


TdLm 243

mwj;jpd; jd;ikawpe;J filgpbj;J xOf Ntz;Lk;. vf;FbapYk; ey;y kf;fs; Njhd;WtJ ,ay;G vd;Wk; ,g;gpwtpapy; (,k;ikapy;) Gfo; tho;T tho;e;J kWgpwtpapy; (kWikay;) tPLNgw;wpid va;JtijNa Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; rpwe;j mwq;fshf mit cs;sd vd;Wk; jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; eak;gl kdpj kdjpDs; tpijf;fpd;wJ. ghHit E}y;fs; 1. GWehD}W %yKk; ciuAk;> tHj;jkhdd; gjpg;gf ntspaPL. 2. KidtH r.mfj;jpaypq;fk;> rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; nrt;tpay; ,yf;fpaq;fs;> kzpthrfH

gjpg;gfk;. 3. KidtHth.nr.Foe;ijrhkp> cyfr; nrt;tpay; nkhopfspd; tupirapy; jkpo;> ghujp gjpg;gfk;>

nrd;id. 4. NguhrpupaH rhypdp ,se;jpiuad;> jkpo;r; nrk;nkhop Mtzk;> kzpthrfH gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id 5. KidtH [p.[hd; rhKNty;> nrk;nkhopfspd; tupirapy; jkpo; Ma;tpay; epWtdk;> nrd;id. 6. jkpo; ,yf;apj; jpwdha;Tk; gz;ghLk;> KidtH Njtpuh> 2006 7. tifik Nehf;fpy; jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhW> KidtH ghf;aNkup> 2011 8. tho;f;ifnewpf; fy;tp> lhf;lH nt.Njtuh[PY 2008 9. rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; tho;tpay; rpe;jidfs;> lhf;lH ,uh.Uf;kzp> 2011 10. nrk;nkhop nra;jp kly; 2-2008


TdLm 244

ehybahh; typAWj;Jk; mwf;fUj;Jf;fs;;;

Kidth; e.ghkh cjtpg;Nguhrphpah;

kNdhd;kzpak; Re;judhh; gy;fiyf;fof cWg;Gf; fy;Y}hp> ghy;Fsk;> fd;dpahFkhp

Kd;Diu rq;f fhyj;jpy; fhjy;;> tPuk;> nfhil Kjypa czh;r;rpfspYk; ,aw;ifapd;gj;jpYk; <Lgl;bUe;j Gyth;fspd; cs;sk; rq;f fhyj;jpw;F mLj;J tUk; fhyq;fspy; ePjpfisg; ghLk; epiyf;F khwpaJ. me;jf; fhyj;ij rq;fk; kUtpa fhyk; my;yJ ePjp E}y; fhyk; vd;gh;. me;jf; fhyj;jpy; ,aw;wg;gl;l rpy E}y;fisg; gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhh;fs;. gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fspy; gjpndhU E}y;fs; kl;LNk ePjp gw;wpad. ,e;E}y;fs; mwnewpr; rpe;jidfis czh;j;jp jPikfis mfw;wp kf;fs; eyNkhL tho Ntz;Lk; vd;w cahpa rpe;ijAld; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. kdpj tho;f;iff;Fj; Njitahd mwr;nray;fs; Fwpj;J Muha;tij ,f;fl;Liu Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwJ. ehybahh; gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fspy; jpUf;FwSf;F mLj;J itj;Jg; Nghw;wg;gLtJ ehybahh;. ehyb ehD}W vd;gJ ,jd; ngauhFk;. “MYk; NtYk; gy;Yf;FWjp ehYk; ,uz;Lk; nrhy;Yf;FWjp” vdTk;> ‘goF jkpo; nrhy;yUik ehypuz;by;’ vd;w rhd;Nwhhpd; gonkhopfs; ,e;E}ypd; ngUikiag; giw rhw;Wfpd;wd. nrhy; eak;> nghUs; eak; rpwe;J tpsq;Fk; ,e;E}y; mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk; vd;w Kg;ghy; gphpTfisf; nfhz;lJ. ,e;E}iyj; njhFj;jth; gJkdhh; vd;Dk; Gytuhthh;. mwk; kdpj ,dk; tiuaWj;Jf; nfhz;l xOf;f newpNa mwk; vdg;gl;lJ. me;j mwkhdJ jdp kdpj tho;tpYk;> r%f tho;tpYk; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;gij typAWj;JtNj mw ,yf;fpaq;fspd; flikahf mike;jJ. rpe;jid> nray;> nrhy;> jpahdk;> czh;T> <LghL vd midj;J epiyfspYk; mwk; caph;ehbahf tpsq;FfpwJ. kdpj tho;tpy; nra;fpd;w ew;fhhpaq;fs; mwq;fshff; fUjg;gl;ld. ey;ywk; Ngzy; tho;f;iff;F cWJizahf miktJ mwk;. mt;twq;fis kdpjd; xOq;fhff; filg;gpbj;jhy; mtd; mila tpUk;gpa ghijia Neuhf milayhk;. ey;ywq;fisr; nra;gtd; ,iwtdpd; ghjq;fis vspjpy; nrd;wilthd;. kpfr; rpwpajhff; fhzg;gLk; Mykuj;jpd; tpijahdJ mJ Kisj;J nghpa kukhfpwJ. mJ nfhLf;Fk; epoyhdJ gyNgUf;Fg; gaDilajhf mikfpd;wJ. mJNghy; ehk; nra;Ak; mwkhdJ kpfr;rpwpa mstpy; mike;jhYk; mJ jFjpAila rhd;Nwhiur; NrUk;NghJ thdj;jpd; gug;gsit tpl NkyhdJ vd;W nrhy;Yk;gb nghpjhfg; gutp thdj;ij kiwj;JtpLk;. “cwf;Fk; JizaNjhh; Myk;tpj; jPz;b ,wg;g epow;gae; jhmq;F mwg;gaDk; jhd;rpwp jhapDk; jf;fhh;ifg; gl;lf;fhy; thd;rpwpjhg; Nghh;j;J tpLk;” (38) ey;yth;fSf;Fk;> nghpNahh;fSf;Fk; cjtp nra;tNj rpwe;j mwkhFk;. mt;twk; rpwpajhapDk; nghpjhf tsh;e;J epw;Fk; vd;gij ,g;ghlybfspd; %yk; mwpa Kbfpd;wJ.


TdLm 245

tho;f;if mwk; “mQ;RtJ mQ;rhik Ngijik mQ;RtJ mQ;ry; mwpthh; njhopy;” vDk; jpUf;FwSf;F Vw;w tifapy; xUtd; tho;f;ifapy; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba xOf;f newpfisf; ifNalhff; nfhz;L mwpe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;batw;iw mwpe;Jf; nfhz;L mlf;fKilatuhf mQ;r Ntz;batw;wpw;F mQ;rp> nra;Ak; fhhpaq;fis cyfk; kfpOk; gb nra;J thOk; cah;e;j FzKilath;fs; Jd;gk; miltjpy;iy. “mwptJ mwpe;J mlq;fp> mQ;RtJ mQ;rp cWtJ cyFtg;gr; nra;J - ngWtjdhy; ,d;Gw;W thOk; ,ay;gpdhh; - vQ;Qhd;Wk; Jd;Gw;W tho;jy; mhpJ” (74) ey;ywpTlDk;> ey;nyhOf;fj;JlDk; NghJnkd;w cs;sj;JlDk; tho;gth;fs; Jd;gkpy;yhJ ,d;gkhf tho;thh;fs; vd;gij ,g;ghly; typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. el;G ghuhl;ly; g+NthL Nrh;e;j ehUk; kzk; ngWk;. mJNghy xUtid ey;ytdhf;FtJk; jPatdhf;FtJk; mtd; nfhz;l el;ghy; mikfpd;wJ. mw;gj;jdk; kpf;f ew;Fzk; ,y;yhjthplk; nfhz;l el;ghdJ vd;WNk Jd;gj;ijj; juf;$baJ. tpisahl;lhff; $l jPatw;iwr; nra;a tpUk;ghj ey;ywpthsh;fsplk; nfhz;l $l ngUikiaj; jUk;. “,ire;j rpWik ,ay;gpyh jhh;fz; giae;j JizAk; ghpthk; - mire;j eifNaAk; Ntz;lhj ey;ywptp dhh;fs; gifNaAk; ghL ngWk;” (187) rpwe;j ez;gh; fpilf;fhtpbDk; mwgj;jdk; nfhz;lthplk; el;G nfhs;shky; ,Ug;gJ ey;yJ. mjhtJ mNahf;fpahplk; nfhs;Sk; el;ig tpl Nahf;fpahplk; nfhs;Sk; gif $l ey;yJ vd;fpwJ ehybahh;. nghWikapd; ngUik ‘nghWik vd;Dk; eifazpe;J ngUik nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;’> ‘nghWj;jhh; g+kp Ms;thh;’> vd;gd Nghd;w nkhopfs; nghWikapd; ngUikiag; giwrhw;w vOe;jit. tho;f;if mikjpAlDk; rpwg;GlDk; mika nghWik kpf kpf mtrpak;. nghWikiaf; filg;gpbf;Fk; NkNyhh; jkf;F epfhpy;yhjth; jk;ik vjph;j;J ed;ikaw;w jPa nrhw;fisf; $wpdhYk; mjid vz;zp kdk; GOq;fpr; rpdk; nfhs;skhl;lhh;fs;. Mdhy; fPo; kf;fs; gpwh; $Wk; ,op nrhw;fisNa kdj;jpy; epidj;J epidj;J gpwhplk; nrhy;ypr; nrhy;yp NkYk; NkYk; rpdk; mile;J Mw;whJ Js;spf; Fjpj;J J}zpy; Kl;bf; nfhz;L Mh;g;ghl;lk; nra;th;. mj;jifa rpdj;ij NtuWf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwJ ehybahh;. “ Neh;j;J epfhpy;yhh; epuy;y nrhy;ypaf;fhy; Nth;j;J ntFshh; tpOkpNahh; - Xh;j;jjid cs;sj;jhd; cs;sp ciuj;Juha; Ch;Nfl;gj; Js;spj;J}z; Kl;Lkhk; fPo;” - (64)

rpwe;j nghWik nghWik rpwe;jJ mjdpDk; rpwe;j nghWik vJ vd;gij njspthf czh;j;JfpwJ ehybahh;. mlf;fj;jpYk; rpwe;j mlf;fkhtJ mlf;fj;ij mlf;fp Ms;tJ jhd;. mjhtJ Gydlf;fk; Ik;Gyd;fSk; jwpnfl;L elf;fpd;w thypg gUtk; cilatdJ Gydlf;fNk mlf;fk; vd;fpwJ. “,isahd; mlf;fk; mlf;fk; fpisnghUs; ,y;yhd; nfhilNa nfhilg;gad; - vy;yhk; xWf;Fk; kJif cuDil ahsd; nghWf;Fk; nghiwNa nghiw” (65) if epiwa nghUs; ,Ug;gtd; nra;Ak; nfhilia tpl> epiwe;j nghUs; ,y;yhjtdJ nfhilNa gaDs;s nfhilahFk;. mJNghy vy;yh vjph;g;GfisAk; nty;yj;jf;f cly; typikAk;> cs;sj;jpd; cWjpAk; cilatd; rpdj;ijg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; nghWikNa rpwe;j nghWik MFk;.


TdLm 246

<ifg;gz;G ‘cz;b nfhLj;Njhh; caph; nfhLj;NjhNu” vd;fpd;wJ kzpNkfiy. Viofshy; jhq;fs; tpUk;Gk; nraiyAk; clNd nra;J ntw;wp fhz Kbtjpy;iy. nry;te;jd;. Vio vd;W kf;fisg; gphpg;gJ nry;tk;. mr;nry;tk; ,y;iyNay; tho;f;if ,y;iy vDk; mstpy; jhd; cyfk; ,aq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. mj;jifa cyfpy; ehk; gazpf;Fk; NghJ> ,g;ghFghL ,d;wp gazpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjw;F gpwh;f;F cjt Ntz;Lk;. ek;khy; Kbe;j msT> mjhtJ rpwpa mhprpapd; msthf ,Ue;jhYk; ehs;NjhWk; ek;khy; Kbe;j msT gpwUf;Ff; nfhLj;J> gpd;dh; jhd; czT cz;z Ntz;Lk;. Kd;dhspy; gpwUf;Ff; nfhLf;fhky; fUkpahf tho;e;jth;fs; Mokhd ePh; kpFe;j cyfj;jpy; ,d;W rikf;f $l czT ,y;yhj epiyapy; cs;sdh;. ,d;W twpath;fshapUg;gth;fs; Kd;G mwk; Ghpahjth;fs; vd;gij> “,k;kp mhprpj; JizahDk; itfYk; Ek;kpy; ,iat nfhLj;Jz;kpd; - ck;ikf; nfhlhm jjth; vd;gh; Fz;LePh; itaj;J mlhm mLg;gpdth;” (94) vd;w ghlypd; top vf;fhyj;Jk; ,d;Gw;wpf;f Ntz;Lnkdpy; jtwhJ> mwk; Ghpa Ntz;Lk; vd;gijr; Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. kWik ,d;gk thOk; fhyj;jpy; ey;ytw;iwr; nra;J ,k;ik ,d;gj;ij mile;jhy; kl;Lk; NghjhJ kWikAk; xd;W cz;L vd;gij epidTWj;jp mjw;fhd topiaf; fhl;lTk; nra;tJ ey;yth;fspd; ,ay;ghFk;. ,jid ehybahh;> “nrhy; jsh;e;J Nfhy;Cd;wpr; Nrhh;e;j eilapduha;g; gy; fod;W gz;lk; gopfhWk; - ,y;nrwpe;J fhk newpglUq; fz;zpdhh;f;F ,y;iyNa Vk newpglUk; MW” (13) Ngr KbahJ nrhy; jLkhwp> Nfhy; Cd;wpj; js;shLk; eilapduha;g; gw;fSk; tPo;e;Jgl> jkJ cliyg; gpwh; ghh;j;J vs;sp eifahLkhW ,y;tho;f;ifapy; nghpJk; <LghL nfhz;L rpw;wpd;g MirapNy %o;fpf; fplf;Fk; mw;g mwptPdh;f;Fg; Nghpd;gkhfpa tPl;L newpapNy nry;Yk; tif ,y;iy vd;W $Wfpd;wJ. mope;J NghFk; Nghf clyhd ,sikapd; fhkj;jpNy tPo;e;J tPLNgw;wpw;fhd mwj;ij kwthjPh; vd;gij typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. epiyahik ehk; thOk; fhyj;jpy; rpwe;j mwq;fis nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ‘ed;Nw nra;> ,d;Nw nra;’ vd;gjw;F ,zq;f ey;ydtw;iw nra;a ehis ePbj;Jr; nry;yhJ clNd nra;a vz;z Ntz;Lk;. ahf;if epiyaw;wJ> ehk; thOk; ehNsh FiwthdJ vd;gjid epiyngw;wd vd;W epidf;fg;gl;l nghUs;fs; epiyj;jpuhJ mopAk; vd;W czh;e;J cq;fshy; nra;af;$ba mwq;fisr; nra;a epidj;jhy; tpiue;J nra;f vd;W ey;topf; $WfpwJ ehybahh;. “epd;wd epd;wd epy;yh vd czh;e;J xd;wpd xd;wpd ty;Ny nrapd; nra;f nrd;wd nrd;wd tho;ehs; nrWj;Jld; te;jJ te;jJ $w;W. (4) nra;a tpUk;Gk; ey;ywq;fis clNd nra;. Vnddpy; tho;ehl;fs; tpiue;J Ngha;f; nfhz;NlapUf;fpd;wd. vkd; Nfhgpj;J te;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpwhd; vd;W vr;rhpf;if tpLf;fpwJ ehybahh;. gpwdpy; tpioahik mwj;ijf; filg;gpbf;fhjth; thpirapy; ,Wjpapy; epw;gth; jhd; gpwd; kidtpia tpUk;Gth;. ,tiu tpl filrpapy; epw;f NtnuhUth; ,y;iy. mj;jifa ,op Fzj;ij cila gpwd; kid Nehf;Fjy; ghtr; nray; vdf; fz;bf;fpwJ ehybahh;. “mr;rk; nghpjhy; mjw;fpd;gk; rpw;wsthy; epr;rk; epidAq;fhy; Nfhf;nfhiyahy; - epr;rYk; Fk;gpf;Nf $h;j;j tpidahy; gpwd;jhuk; ek;gw;f ehZil ahh;” (81)


TdLm 247

gpwd; kidtpia tpUk;GNthh; ,k;ikapy; gaj;ijAk; mur jz;lidiaAk; kWikapy; eufj;ijAk; ngWth; vDk; fUj;ij ,g;ghlybfs; czh;j;Jfpd;wd. gpwd; kidtpaplj;Jf; nfhz;l fhkj;jhy; tUk; mr;rk; nghpJ. me;j mr;rj;Jld; xg;gpl;L Nehf;Fk; NghJ ngWk; ,d;gk; rpwpJ. Nahrpj;Jg; ghh;j;jhy; murdhy; nfhiyj; jz;lidAk; cz;L! mJ ve;ehSk; euf Ntjidiaj; juf;$ba kpfg;nghpa ghtr; nrayhFk;. Mjyhy; Qhdk; cilath;fs; gpwd; kidtpia tpUk;ghjPh;;fs; vd mwpTWj;Jfpd;wJ. KbTiu kdpj tho;tpid newpg;gLj;j cjTk; fUtpahf mwk; tpsq;FfpwJ. mj;jifa mwj;jpdhy; kdpjd; milAk; Nkd;ikfSk;> rpwe;j gz;Gk;> mg;gz;gpdhy; fpilf;Fk; rpwg;G> cah;T Kjyhd gy fUj;Jf;fSk; vf;fhyj;jpw;Fk; nghUe;Jtjhf mike;Js;sd.


TdLm 248

rq;fg; ghly;fspy; koiyau;

Kidtu; nr.KUfehjd; cjtpg;Nguhrpupau;> jkpo;j;Jiw> muR kfspu; fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; fy;Y}up> gU$u;

Kd;Diu koiyau; thOk; cyfj;jpd; fz;fshf mike;jtu; Mtu;. koiyaNu ,y;tho;f;ifapd; rpwg;Gf;Ff; fhl;lhf mikfpd;wd. xU ngz; jd; tho;tpy; Foe;ijiag; ngWk;NghNj rpwg;Gf;F cupatshff; fUjg;ngWfpd;whs;. Foe;ijfs; thupRupikiag; ngWtjw;F kl;Lkd;wp> ,y;yw tho;f;ifapd; ,izg;Gf;Fk; Jizepw;fpd;wd. Foe;ijfshy; ,t;Tyfk; kfpo;fpd;wJ. ,jd; rpwg;gpidf; fUjpNa ‘Foe;ijAk; nja;tKk; xd;W’ vd;W rpwg;gpj;J ciuf;fg; ngWfpd;wJ. rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; Foe;ijfs; Vw;gLj;Jk; kdepiwitAk;> kfpo;r;rpiaAk; tpsf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; ghly;fs; mike;Js;sd. mw ,yf;fpaq;fs; Foe;ijfis vt;thW tsu;g;gJ vd;W mwpTWj;Jfpd;wd. ngw;wtu;fsf;nfdj; jdpj;jdpahd flikfs; cs;sjidg; Nghd;W> Foe;ijfSf;Fk; flikfs; cs;sjidj; jpUts;Stu; kpftpupthf tpsf;fpAs;shu;. Foe;ijfshy; ngw;wtu;fs; ngWk; rpwg;Gfs; Fwpj;J ,f;fl;Liuapy; Muhag;gLfpd;wJ. kf;fl;Ngw;wpd; rpwg;G kf;fl;NgW> Fbg;ngUikiaj; njhlHe;J epiyngWtjw;Fk;> epyTilik> muRupik ,tw;wpd; cupikf;Fk; Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. KJikf; fhyj;jpy; ngw;Nwhiuf; fhg;ghw;wp> mtHfs; ,we;jgpd; ckr;rlq;Ffs; nra;aTk;> njd;Gyj;jhH fld; nra;aTk; Gjy;tHg;NgW ,d;wpaikahj; NjitahfpwJ. tPuk; ngUik ngw;w rq;f fhyj;jpy; Nghupl Mz;kfNd Njitg;gl;lhd;. Mjyhy; Gjy;tHg;NgW ngUikahff; fUjg;gl;lJ. mwE}y;fs; kw;w nry;tj;ijtpl kf;fl;nry;tNk caHthdjhff; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. jiytp vg;nghOJk; fw;Gilik> kf;fl;Ngw;NwhNlNa Gfog;gLfpd;whs;. rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy;> “flTs; fw;nghL Fbf;Ftpsf;F Mfpa Gjy;tw; gae;j Gfo;kpF rpwg;gpd; ed;d uhl;bf;F md;wpAk;” (ew;wpiz> gh. 58) vd;W jiytp fw;Gilik> Gjy;tHg;NgW> ew;gz;Gfs; Mfpatw;Wf; fhfg; Gfog;gLjy; fhzyhk;. ,y;ywj;jpy; <Lgl;L ey;ywk; NgZk; ,d;gj; jiykf;fs; tho;f;ifapy; ngwj;jf;f gz;GfSs; ngWk;Ngwhff; fUjj;jf;fJ kf;fl;NgNw MFk;. mjpYk; mwpTila kf;fisg; ngWjy; mjdpDk; rpwg;gpidj; jUk; vd;gjidj; jpUts;StH> “ngWktw;Ws; ahkwptJ ,y;iy mwptwpe;j

kf;fl; Ngwy;y gpw” (Fws;. 55) vd;W vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whH. kd;dtd; jdf;Fg; gpwF ehl;ilahSk; muRupikiaj; jd; kfDf;Fj; ju Ntz;Lk;. mjw;Fj; jhak; vd;W ngaH. vdNt> kfl;Ngw;iw tpl kfw;NgW Njitahfpd;wJ. ,dpa ,y;ywk; vdpy; kf;fl;NgW ,lk;ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jidNa> “kaf;FW kf;fis apy;NyhHf;Fg; gaf;FW ,y;iyj; jhk;thOk; ehNs” (GwehD}W> ghly; 188) vd;fpwhH mwpTilek;gp. ,k;ik-kWik ,d;gq;fis ed;kf;fisg; ngw;NwhH va;JtH vd;W rq;ffhy kf;fs; ek;gpdH. kfd; Cly; jPHf;fpwhd;@ guj;ijaplk; nry;Yk; jiytidj; jLf;fpwhd;@ mtdhy; ,k;ik ,d;gKk;> kWik ,d;gKk; fpilf;fpd;wJ. thuprhfTk; njd;Gyj;jhH fld;nra;aTk;> Nghu;;nghUl;Lk; Gjy;td; Njitg;gLfpwhd;.


TdLm 249

njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; Foe;ij njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; Foe;ij gw;wpa nra;jpfs; fw;gpay; vd;Dk; ,aypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. gpwe;j Gjy;tdpd; Kfk; fhz;ly;> Ik;gil g+l;Ljy;> ngaupLjy;> jha; vz;nza; ePuhl;ly;> ghl;ld; ghl;baH Foe;ijf;Fg; ngaupLjy;> ,utyHf;Fg; guprpy; toq;fy;> Foe;ijiaf; fhf;f ,y;Yiw nja;tj;ij topghL nra;jy; Mfpa rpwg;Gf;fs; ,f;fhyj;jpy; cs;sd NghyNt njhy;fhg;gpaH fhy rKjhaj;jpYk; ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ vd;gijj; njhy;fhg;gpaH nghUsjpfhuj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH. rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; Foe;ij gw;wpa nra;jpfs; rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpYk; Foe;ijfs; gw;wpa gy nra;jpfs; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. mit Foe;ij ,yf;fpaj;jpw;F mbg;gilaha; mike;Js;sd. Foe;ijfs; czitf; ifapy; njhl;Lk;> gpire;Jk;> jk;Nky; g+rpf;nfhz;Lk; kw;wtHfs; kPJ g+rpAk;> gpwiu kaf;fpj; jhKk; kfpOk;. ,jid> “FWFW ele;J rpWif ePl;b ,l;Lk; njhl;Lk; ft;tpAk; JotpAk; nea;Ail mbrpy; nka;gl tpjpHe;Jk; kaf;FW khf;fs;....” (GwehD}W> ghly; 188) vd;w GwehD}w;W tupfs; tpsf;Ffpd;wd. Foe;ij jd;Dila fUj;ij ntspg;gLj;jg; Ngrj; njhlq;FfpwJ. mjDila koiy ahNohir Nghd;W ,d;gk; jUtjhf ,y;iy. fhyj;jpw;Fk; nghUj;jkhf ,y;iy. MapDk; mf;Foe;ijapDilaijj; je;ijf;F mjDila koiyr; nrhy;yhy; mUs; nra;Ak; kdepiy te;jJ vd;gij> “ahnohLq; nfhs;sh nghOnjhLk; Gzuh nghUswpthuh MapDe; je;ijaHf;F mUs; te;jd;ghy; Gjy;tH jk;koiy” (NkyJ> gh. 92) vd;w GwehD}w;Wmbfs; tpsf;Ffpd;wd. ,JNghd;w fUj;jpid mfehD}w;wpYk;> fypj;njhifapYk;> jpUf;FwspYk;> ,dpait ehw;gjpYk; fhzyhk;. ,k;ik tho;tpd; kfpo;r;rpf;Fk;> kWik tho;tpd; caHr;rpf;Fk; kf;fs; nry;tNk Ntz;lg;gLtJ vd;W rq;ffhyj;J kf;fs; ek;gpdhHfs; vd;gijg; gpd;tUk; ghly; %yk; mwpayhk;. “,k;ik cyfj;J ,irnahLk; tpsq;fp kWik cyfKk; kWtpd;wp va;Jg neUeUk; tpioTk; nra;jPH fhl;rp rpWtH gae;j nrk;khNyhnudg; gy;NyhH $wpa gonkhop” (mfehD}W> gh. 66) Foe;ijf;F czt+l;Ljy; XU fiyahfNt cs;sJ. ghy; Fbf;f kWf;Fk; Foe;ijia Nehf;fpj; jha; eP ,g;NghJ Fbj;jJ vd;Dila gq;F> vQ;rp ,Ug;gJ je;ijapd; gq;F. mjidAk; Fbf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W Fbf;fitg;gij> “ghy;nga; nts;sk; rhy;if gw;wp vd;ghL cz;lid Mapd; XUfhy; Ee;ij ghLk; cz;nzd;-ehl;L” (NkyJ> gh. 219) vd;Dk; mfehD}w;W tupfs; tpsf;Ffpd;wd. mfehD}W Nghd;W Iq;FWE}Wk; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. “jsHeilg; Gjy;tid..................gw;wp” (NkyJ> gh. 66) Foe;ij ,y;yhtpl;lhy; ,iwtdplk; jtk; ,Ue;jhtJ Foe;ijia mila Ntz;Lk; vd;W fUjpdhHfs; vd;gijAk;> “FiwflTl;Ngzp ,ue;jdd; ngw;w nts;isf; FWkfs;” (Iq;FWE}W> gh. 257) vd;Dk; Iq;FWE}w;W tupfs; %yk; mwpfpNwhk;.


TdLm 250

Foe;ijfs; Nehapy;yhky; ,Ue;jhy; J}q;Fk; Neuk; jtpu> vg;NghJk; tpisahbf;nfhz;Nl ,Ug;gH. ngUk;ghYk; mtHfs; rpW NjHfis cUl;bAk;> rpWgiw nfhl;bAk; tpisahLfpwhHfs;. mtHfs; rpWNjH cUl;b tpisahLk; NghNj mtw;iw Vwpr;nrYj;JtJ Nghd;w epiyia milfpd;wdH vd;gij ew;wpiz vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. (ew;wpiz> ghly;> 58) “jr;rd; nra;j rpWkhd; itak; CHe;J ,d;GwhmH MapDk; ifapd; <Hj;J ,d;GW}ck; ,isNahH” (FWe;njhif> gh. 61) vd;w FWe;njhifapd; tupfSk; NkNy Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghd;w nra;jpfisf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. Foe;ij mOk;NghJ mjid mikjpg;gLj;j tpisahl;Lf; fhl;LtH. cg;G tzpfHfSila Foe;ij Xd;W moj;njhlq;FfpwJ. mq;Fg; Ngzp tsHf;fg;gLk; Fuq;F Xd;W XsptpLk; Kj;Jf;fis XU fpspQ;rYf;Fs; nrYj;jp mjidf; fpYfpYg;ghf khw;wp Ml;b tpisahl;Lf; fhl;Ltij> “kfhmH md;d ke;jp klNthH efhmH md;d espePH Kj;jk; ths;tha;> vUj;jpd; tapw;wj; jlf;fp ckl;bahH cd;w fpspHEz; Gjy;tNuhL fpYfpypahLk;” (rpWghzhw;Wg;gil> tupfs;. 56-57) vd;w rpWghzhw;Wg;gil mbfs; tpsf;Ffpd;wd. rq;f kUtpa fhyj;J ,yf;fpaq;fs; rq;fk; kUtpa fhyj;J ,yf;fpaq;fshd jpUf;Fws;> Mj;jpr;#b> KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp Kjyhd E}y;fspy; mike;Js;s Foe;ij gw;wpa nra;jpfisf; fPNo fhzyhk;. jpUf;Fwspy; kf;fl;NgW vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; XH mjpfhuNk cs;sJ. mJ kf;fl;nry;tj;jpy; gz;gpid vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. Mj;jp#b vd;Dk; E}iy ,aw;wpatH XsitahH. mtH fp.gp. gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;ilr; rhHe;jtH. ,tH rpWtHfSf;Fg; GupAk;gb vspa nrhw;fspy; rpwpa mbfspy; mike;j ghly;fis cila Mj;jp#biaAk;> nfhd;iw Nte;jidAk; ,aw;wpdhH. “mwk;nra;a tpUk;G MWtJ rpdk; ,ay;tJ fuNty; ctJ tpyf;Nfy;” (g+tz;zd;> Foe;ij ,yf;fpa tuyhW> g. 29) vd;W rpWtHfSf;F mfutupirapy; mupa ePjpf;fUj;Jf;fis XsitahH Mj;jp#bapy; toq;fpdhH. ,JNt ghujpahH Gjpa Mj;jpr;#b vOj mbg;gilaha; mike;jJ. kdpjFyg; ngUf;fj;jpw;Fk;> tsHr;rpf;Fk; Foe;ijNa mbg;gilahdJ. mjdhNyNa cyfkf;fs; midtHf;Fk; kf;fl;Ngw;wpid tpl NtW ngUk;NgW ,y;iy vd;w fUj;ij> “MHfyp cyfj;J kf;fl;nfy;yhk; kf;fl;Ngw;wpd; ngUk; Ngwpy;iy” (jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhW> g. 97) vd;w KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp tupfs; %yk; czuKbfpd;wJ. Foe;ij ,yf;fpaq;fs; ,d;iwa ,yf;fpa cyfpy; nry;thf;Fg; ngw;W tpsq;Fk; ,yf;fpa tbtq;fSs; jiyahajha; tpsq;FtJ Foe;ij ,yf;fpakhFk;. “ew;Fzq;fisAk;> tPuj;ijAk;> tpNtfj;ijAk; ,sikapy; rpWtHfSf;F vspjhff; fw;Wj; jUtJ Xd;W cz;L. mJjhd; ed;Kiwapy; cUthFk; Foe;ij ,yf;fpak;” vd;Wk;> “Foe;ij ,yf;fpak; vq;Nf tsHe;Js;sNjh> mq;Nf kpfr;rpwe;j rKjhak; cUthFk;” vd;Wk; Foe;ij ,yf;fpaq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLtH. rpd;dQ;rpwhH kdepiyf;Nfw;g mwpthHe;j fUj;Jf;fisAk;> ePjpf;fUj;Jf;fisAk;> mwf;fUj;Jf;fisAk; cz;ikia czHj;Jk; tifapy; glk;gpbj;Jf; fhl;Lk; ,yf;fpak; Foe;ij ,yf;fpaNk MFk;. cynfq;fpYk; Foe;ij ,yf;fpaq;fspd; rpwg;G czug;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. jkpopy; ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fspypUe;J ,d;;iwa jpiug;glg; ghly;fs; tiu Foe;ijfspd; rpwg;gpid tpsf;Fk; ,yf;fpaq;fs; tof;fpypUe;J tUfpd;wik czuKbfpd;wJ.


TdLm 251

KbTiu Foe;ijfs; ,y;yhj cyfj;jpy; ngw;wtu;fSf;F ve;jnthU kfpo;r;rpAk; ,y;iy. ,y;tho;f;ifapd; ,dpik Foe;ijfisg; ngWtjpYk; mtu;fis ey;y kdpju;fshf cUthf;FtjpYk; epiwTngWfpd;wJ. jha;f;Fk;> je;ijf;Fk; mtu;fisr; Rw;wpAs;s cwtpdu;fSf;Fk; Foe;ijg;NgW kfpo;r;rp jUk; xd;whf mike;jpUf;fpd;wJ. jk; koiyfspy; ,dpikkpF nrhw;fis ,d;Gwf; Nfl;ltu;fs; FoiyAk;> ahioAk; ,dpik gag;gd vdf; $wkhl;lhu; vdj; jpUts;Stu; Fwpg;gpLtJ Foe;ijfshy; ngw;wtu;fs; ngWk; kfpo;r;rpiag; nghWj;jNj MFk;. Foe;ijfs; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfs; njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpYk;> rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpYk;> rq;fkUtpa fhy ,yf;fpaq;fspYk;> gpw;fhy ,yf;fpaq;fspYk; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s jpwk; ,f;fl;Liuapy; tpsf;fg;gl;lJ. Foe;ijfSf;fhfNt Foe;ij ,yf;fpak; vd;w jdpxU ,yf;fpatif cUg;ngw;wJk; czu Kbfpd;wJ. JizE}y;fs; 1. g+tz;zd;> Foe;ij ,yf;fpa tuyhW> ghupepiyak;> nrd;id 1992 2. rq;f ,yf;fpak; ghl;Lk; njhifAk;> epa+nrQ;Rup Gf;`T]; gpypl;. nrd;id. 3. gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs;> kzpthrfu; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id> 2000


TdLm 252

fz;zjhrd; jpiuapirg; ghly;fspy; mwnewp fUj;Jf;fs;;

Nfh.GtNd];thp

gFjp NeuKidth; gl;lMa;thsh; (jkpo;)> nghpahh; gy;fiyf;fof cWg;Gf;fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; fy;Y}hp> ghg;gpnul;bg;gl;b> jUkGhp

Kd;Diu rpwe;j Fwpf;Nfhs;fisAk;> ,yl;rpaq;fisAk;> ,yf;fz ,yf;fpa nrOikiaAk; jdJghly;fs; topahf midj;J jug;Gkf;fs; kdjpYk; ,lk; ngwr; nra;jth; ftpQh; fz;zjhrd;. mj;jifa rpwe;jghly;fspd; thapyhf fz;zjhrd; $wpAs;s mwnewpf; fUj;Jf;fs; Fwpj;J ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhzyhk;. mwk; “mwk; vd;w nrhy;ypw;F jUkk;> ePjp> Gz;zpak;> Nehd;G> cz;ik”1 Nghd;w gy;NtW tpsf;fq;fis nre;jkpo; mfuhjp Fwg;gpLfpd;wJ. mj;jifa nghUz;ikfs; mlq;fpa ghly;fs; epiwa fz;zjhrd; jpiuapirg; ghly;fspy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. “mwd; vdg;gl;lNj ,y;tho;f;if” 2 vd;w Fws; %yk; jpUts;StUk; mwj;ijg; gw;wptpsf;Ffpwhh;. cz;ik fz;zjhrd; ghly;fspy; cz;ikia typAWj;Jk; ghly;fs; kpFjp. “jd;ndQ; rwptJ ngha;aw;f ngha;j;jgpd; Jd ;neQ;Nrjd;idr; RLk;”3 vd;w F wspy; ts;Sth; cz;ikNgrNtz;Lk; vd;Wk; ngha; NgRk; NghJek; neQ;Nrek;ikr; RLk; vd;Wk; $Wfpwhh;. xt;nthU kdpjDk; tho;f;ifapy; Kd;NdWtjw;Fj; jd;dk;gpf;if> jd; ciog;G> jd; Kaw;rp> nrhd;d nrhy; jtwhik> nray; jpwd;> gpwUf;F cjtp nra;Ak; <if Fzk;> mwk; epiwe;j tho;f;if Nghd;wtw;iw jtwhky; filgpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. mJ mth;fis rpwe;j jiyth; Mtjw;F top nra;Ak; vd;W fz;zjhrd; $Wfpwhh;.

“khdk; nghpnjd;W thOk; kdpjh;fs; khndd;W nrhyy;tjpy;iyah ? – jd;idj; jhDk; mwpe;Jf;nfhz;L CUf;Fk; nrhy;gth;fs; jiyth;fs; Mtjpy;iyah?”4

ahidapd; gyk; Jk;gpf;ifapy;. kdpjdpd; gyk; ek;gpf;ifapy; vd;Dk; gonkhopf;Nfw;g> ek;gpf;ifapd; ,d;wpaikahikia eak;gl ,g;ghlypy; czh;j;jpAs;shh; fz;zjhrd;. G+kpapy; Neh;ikahf thOk; J}a;ikahd cs;sk; nfhz;lth;fis ,iwtDf;Fr; rkk; vd;W $Wfpwhh;. gpwh; Njit mwpe;Jnfhz;L thhpf; nfhLf;Fk; ts;sy;fis nja;tj;jpd; gps;isfs; vd;W mwpTWj;Jfpd;whh;. “khngUk; rigapdpy; eP ele;jhy; - cdf;F khiyfs; tpoNtz;Lk;….! xU khw;W Fiwahj kd;dtd; ,tndd;W Nghw;wpg; GfoNtz;Lk;” 5


TdLm 253

vd;w ghly; thpfspd; %yk; mwpQh;fs; gyh; $bapUf;Fk; rigapy; EioAk; NghNj> khiy khpahij fpilf;Fk; mstpw;F tho;f;ifapy; Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lk;. ,j;jifa rpwe;jePjpf; fUj;Jf;fis ehl;L kf;fSf;Fjd; ghly;fs; %yk; ms;sp toq;fpath; fz;zjhrd;. gzk; <l;b vl;ba msTf;Fj;jhd; ghAk;. gzNkhghjhsk; tiu ghAk; vd;gJ ek; md;whl tho;tpy; nghpNahh;fs; Ngrpf; nfhs;tJ. me;j gzj;ij mwtopapy; <l;lNtz;Lk;. Mdhy; ,d;iwa #oypy; nghUis kl;LNk Njb miye;J rPuopAk; kdpjh;fspd; mtyq;fisg; glk; gpbj;Jf; fhl;Lfpwhh; ftpQh;. “kdj;Njhl;lk; NghLnkd;W khatdhh; nfhLj;j cly; gzj;Njhl;lk; Nghl;lNjab”6 vd;Wk;> “rq;fj;jhy; gpwe;j ,dk; rpq;fk; Nghy; tsh;e;jFzk; jq;fj;jhy; mope;jNjab– Kj;jk;kh”7 vd;W tUk; ghly; thpfspy; flTs; nfhLj;j ,e;j cly; ey;y kdj;NjhL ,Ue;jhy ;jhd; rpwg;Gf;FhpaJ. Mdhy; ,d;W kdk; ,Uf;Fk; ,lk; njhpatpy;iy. Kdpj tho;f;ifNa gzk;jhd; vd;whfptpl;lJ vd;Wk; $Wfpwhh;. xw;Wik fz;zjhrd; ehk; midtUk; xUj;jha; kf;fsha; xw;Wikaha; ,Ue;J ehl;il tskhf;FNthk; vd;W $Wfpwhh;. ehk; xw;Wikaha; ,Ue;jhYk; mij mopf;f vz;zp rpy jpUl;L ehpfs; Fopgwpj;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpd;wd. Kjypy; mij mopf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W $Wfpwhh;. “xw;Wikapy; Xq;fpepd;wfd;jpahNy–kf;fs; cs;snkyhk; nghq;Fjlhnts;sk; NghNy ntw;wpnadk; NkilapNy md;Gf;fhis… tPu eilNghLjlh ,e;jNtis… md;gpUf;FJ mwptpUf;FJ gz;gpUf;FJghhpNy…. mij mopf;fvz;zpj; jpUl;Lehpfs; Fopgwpf;FJNthpNy…” 8 vd;w ghly; thpfspy; kf;fspd; xw;Wikiar; rPh;Fiyf;Fk; nfl;l rf;jpfis mwtopapy; mopj;Jehk; midtUk; xw;Wikaha; kfpo;r;rpaha; tho;Nthk; vd;gij mwkhf $Wfpwhh;. Foe;ij fztd;; kidtp Nrh;e;J thOk; ,y;yw tho;f;ifahdJ> mth;fs; xU Foe;ijia ngWk;NghJjhd; KOikailfpwJ. ,y;yw tho;f;ifapy; ehs;NjhWk; vj;jidNah ,d;g Jd;gq;fisr; re;jpf;f NehpLfpwJ. jhq;f Kbahj Jd;gq;fs; te;jhYk; me;jNeuj;jpy; jdJ koiy mtw;iwf; fhzhky; Nghfr; nra;JtpLfpd;wJ. gphpe;j fztd; kidtpiaAk; Foe;ij thapyhf ,Ue;J Nrh;j;J itf;fpd;wJ. Foe;ijapd; koiy gw;wp ts;Sth;> “kf;fs;nka; jPz;ly; clw;F,d;gk; kw;W mth; nrhy;Nfl;ly; ,d;gk; nrtpf;F” 9 vd;w Fwl;ghtpy;> jk; Foe;iijfs; clk;igj; njhLtJ clYf;F ,d;gk; jUk;. mth;fSila koiyr; nrhw;fisf; Nfl;gJfhJf;F ,d;gk; jUk; vd;W $wpAs;shh;.


TdLm 254

,j;jidr; rpwg;GfisAk; ngw;w Foe;ijahdJ ehnshUNkdpAk;> nghOnjhU tz;zKkhf tsh;e;J tUfpd;wJ. mf;Foe;ijapd; koiyr; rphpg;gpw;F jq;fk;> ituk; vJTNk <lhfhJ vd;gij> “rpq;fhug; Gd;diff; fz;zhuf; fz;lhNy rq;fPj tPizAk; VJf;fk;kh kq;fhj fz;fspy; ikapl;Lg; ghh;j;jhNy jq;fKk; ituKk; VJf;fk;kh!”10 vd;w ghly; thpfspd; %yk; fz;zjhrd; ,e;j cyfpy; cs;s vy;yhr; nry;tq;fisAk; tplf; Foe;ijr; nry;tNk cah;e;jJ> rpwe;jJ vd;w mwf; fUj;ij typAWj;Jfpwhh;. jh;kk; jiyf;fhf;Fk; ehk; kw;wwth;fSf;Fr; nra;Ak; jh;kk; ek;ikf; fhg;ghw;Wk;. kw;wth;fsplj;jpy; cz;ikahfTk;> Neh;ikahfTk;> md;ghfTk; ele;Jnfhz;lhy; me;j cz;ikAk; Neh;ikANk ek;ikf; fhg;ghw;Wk;. ehk; nra;Ak; ed;ik> jPikfSf;Nfw;g gyd;fis milNthk; vd;gJ xt;nthU kdpjdpd; tho;tpay; ek;gpf;ifahf cs;sJ. kdpjdpd; ,e;ek;gpf;if cz;ikahdJ vd;gijf; ftpQh;> Gj;jd; ,e;j G+kpapy; ,Ue;J kiwe;jhYk; mth; kf;fSf;F nra;j Nghjidfs; ,d;Dk; kiwatpy;iy. mNjNghy; G+kpapy; cz;ikAk;> Neh;ikAk; vd;WNk kiwahJ. mJ rhpahd Neuj;jpy; chpa ,lj;jpy; te;J ek;ikf; fhg;ghw;Wk; vd;W jd; jpiug;ghly; %yk; fhl;Lfpwhh;. “NjbAk; fpilf;fhJ–ePjp njUtpdpy; ,Uf;fhJ rhl;ilf;F mlq;fhJ–ePjp rl;lj;jpy; kaq;fhJ fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wp iffis ePl;b fhf;Fk; jaq;fhJ”11 vd;Wk;> “jh;kk; jiyf; fhf;Fk; jf;frkaj;jpy; caph; fhf;Fk;”12 vd;Wk; jdJ ghly;fspd; %yk; tho;tpy; mwnewpiia filgpbf;Fk;gb ghbAs;shh;. KbTiu kdpjdJ tho;f;ifapy; Kf;fpakhd> rpwe;j ngUikkpF mq;fkhf jpfOk; mwnewpf; fUj;Jf;fs; gw;wp ghlhj ftpQh;fNs ,y;iy. vj;Jiz gpur;rpidfs; tho;tpy; te;jhYk; mwtopapy; kl;LNk tho Ntz;Lk;. mwtopapy; jhd; thoNtz;Lk; vd;W tho;e;jhy; tho;f;ifg; gazk; kpfTk; nrk;ikahfTk;> rpwg;GilajhfTk; mikAk;. vg;gb thof;$lhNjh mg;gb ehd; tho;e;Jtpl;Nld;. mjdhy; ,g;gbj;jhd; thoNtz;Lk; vd;W $Wk; jFjp vdf;Fj;jhd; cz;L vd;W fz;zjhrd; jdJ Rarhpijapy; $wpAs;shh;. vdNt ehk; midtUk; mwtopapy; ele;J tho;tpy; Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ gw;wpj; njs;sj; njspthf $wpAs;shh; ftpQh; fz;zjhrd;. Jiz epd;w E}y;fs; 1. ghpNkyofh; (c.M)> jpUf;Fws; 2. e.rp. fe;ijah> cyfj; jkpohuha;r;rpepWtdk;> nre;jkpo; mfuhjp. 3. fhe;jpfz;zjhrd; (g.M)> fz;zjhrd; jpiuapirg; ghly;fs; njhFjp– 1 4. fhe;jpfz;zjhrd; (g.M)> fz;zjhrd; jpiuapirg; ghly;fs; njhFjp– 2


TdLm 255

ntwpahl;laHjy;

KidtH Ngh.fhHj;jpfh

nfsut tphpTiuahsH> jkpo; Ma;Tj;Jiw> fhkuhrH muR fiyf; fy;Y}hp> Ruz;il

Kd;Diu rq;ffhy kf;fspd; topghl;L Kiwfspy; ,d;wpaikahjJ ,aw;if topghL MFk;. ,aw;ifapd; epiyg;ghLfshd kuk;> nrb> nfhbfs;> ejp> mUtp> Ridfs; Nghd;wtw;wpy; ,iwtidf; fz;ltHfs; rq;fj; jkpoHfs;. me;j tifapy; Ntyd; ntwpahly; vd;gJ mftho;tpy; topghl;L mwkhff; fUjg;gl;lJ. Ntyd; ntwpahly; flk;g kuj;jpidr; #o;e;J elj;jg;glf; $ba xU topghl;L Kiw MFk;. rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; ntwpahly; epfo;j;jpa jd;ik Fwpj;J ,f;fl;Liu Ma;tjhf mikfpd;wJ. jiytpapd; Neha; jiytDk; jiytpAk; jpidg;Gdk;> mUtp mUfhik> Nrhiyfs; vd VNjDk; xU ,lj;jpy; xUtiu xUtH Nehpy; fz;L fhjy; nfhs;fpd;wdH. fhjy; nfhz;L ,aw;ifg; GzHr;rpapy; <Lgl;l jiytDk; jiytpAk; rpy Ntisfspy; gphpe;J ,Uf;ff; $ba #oy; Vw;gLfpd;wJ. gUt kiof; fhyq;fspy; jpidg;Gdk; fhf;fTk; mUtp ePuhlTk; tPl;il tpl;L ntspNa te;j jiytp gUtfhyk; Kbe;j gpd;dH tPl;bDs; ,w;nrwpf;fg;gLths;. ,jdhy; jiytd; jiytpapd; re;jpg;gpy; nghpa ,ilNtis Vw;gLk;. jiytd; kPJ msTfle;j md;G itj;jpUf;Fk; jiytp> jiytidf; fhzhJ kpFe;j tUj;jj;jpid va;Jfpd;whs;. jiytNdhL ,Ue;j fhyq;fspy; jiytp jdJ jiyf;F ed;F nea;G+rg;gl;L Kbe;jpUg;ghs;. $e;jypy; mofpa khiyfs; #l;b ,Ug;ghs;. Nkdp KOtJk; rpwe;j thridj; jputpaq;fs; G+rp ghJfhj;J te;jhs;. Mdhy; jw;NghJ jiytidg; gphpe;jpUf;Fk; jiytp jdJ moF eyd;fspy; rpwpJk; mf;fiw ,y;yhjtshf ,Uf;fpd;whs;. rhpahd fhyq;fspy; czTk; cl;nfhs;shJ Nkdp thl;lj;Jld; fhzg;gLfpd;whs;. ,j;jifa fhuzq;fspdhy; jiytp griy Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;whs;. jha; md;G CuhH midtUk; jiytpapd; fsT xOf;fk; Fwpj;J myH J}w;wpa NghJk; jha; mjid xU nghUl;lhf epidf;ftpy;iy. fhf;iff;Fk; jd; FQ;R nghd; FQ;R vd;w gonkhopf;F Vw;g jha;> jiytpapd; ,e;j Nkdp khWghl;bw;F mts; cw;w fhjy; jhd; fhuzk; vd;W Vw;f kWfpd;whs;. khwhf jiytpapd; clypy; NtW VNjh Neha; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ vd;Nwh my;yJ jiytpia VNjh mzq;F mbj;Jtpl;lNjh vd;W mQ;Rfpd;whs;. kpfTk; nry;ykhf tsHf;fg;gl;l jdJ kfspd; cly;eyf; Fiwthy; kpFe;j NtjidAw;w jha; mjidf; Fzg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfg; gy;NtW Kaw;rpfspy; <LgLfpd;whs;. Mdhy; vJTk; gydspf;fhj epiyapy; Ntyd; ntwpahlYf;F Vw;ghL nra;tJ vd;W xU Kbtpw;F tUfpd;whs;.. ,jid> “md;dha; thop Ntz;ld;id xz;Zjy; xypnkd; $e;jy; vd; Njhop Nkdp tpwy; ,io nefpo;j;j tPtUk; fLNeha; mfYs; Mq;fz; mwpAeH tpdhAk; gutpAk; njhOJk; tpuT kyH J}Ak; NtWgy; cUtpd; flTl; Ngzp eiwAk; tpiuAk; Xr;rpAk; myTw;W va;ah ikaiy ePAk; tUe;Jjp” (FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L> 1-8) vd;w mbfs; njspTWj;Jfpd;wd.


TdLm 256

fl;Ltpr;rp jha; jdJ kfSf;fhf Ntyd; ntwpahly; epfo;j;j KbT nra;j Neuk; ghHj;J mt;topahf fl;Ltpr;rp tUfpd;whs;. fl;Ltpr;rp fl;bdhYk; foq;fpdhYk; jiytpf;fhd Fwpiaf; $Wfpd;whs;. xU Kwj;jpy; ney;iy ,l;L mjpy; foq;fpidg; gug;gp Fwp nrhy;tNj fl;Ltpr;rpapd; njhopy;. foq;fpid ,l;Lf; Fwp nrhy;Yk; nghOJ %d;W vd te;jhy; KUfd; thfdk; kapy; vd;Wk; ,uz;L vd te;jhy; KUfd; nfhb Nfhop vd;Wk; xd;W vd te;jhy; KUfd; vd;Wk; nghUs; nfhs;ths; vdj; jkpoH rhy;G E}y; Rl;Lfpd;wJ. Mf vJ tpOe;jhYk; jiytpapd; Neha;f;F KUfzq;Nf fhuzk; vdf; $wp Ntyd; ntwpahly; epfo;j;JtNj rhp vd ciug;ghs;. ,J ,f;fhyj;jpy; Nrhtp Nghl;L Fwp nrhy;tij xf;Fk;. NkYk; Fwp nrhy;Yk; fl;Ltpr;rp KUfd; ciwaf; $ba kiyapd; rpwg;ignay;yhk; ghlyhfg; ghbf; nfhz;Nl Fwp nrhy;ths;. mq;qdk; fl;Ltpr;rp xt;nthU kiyfshfg; ghLk; nghOJ jiytd; ,Uf;Fk; kiyiag; ghLk; Ntisapy; jiytp kpFe;j kfpo;r;rpf;F cs;shths;. ,jid> “mftd; kfNs mftd; kfNs kdTf; Nfhg;gd;d ed;ndLq; $e;jy; mftd; kfNs ghLf ghl;Nl ,d;Dk; ghLf ghl;Nl mtH ey;neLq; Fd;wk; ghba ghl;Nl” (FWe;njhif> gh.v. 23) vd;w ghlyhy; mwpa Kbfpd;wJ. mfTed; vd;gNj ,g;ghlypy; mftd; vd kUtp te;Js;sJ. mfTed; vd;gtd; Mly; ghlNyhL rpWNfhypidAk; ifapy; itj;jpUf;ff; $ba fiyQd; Mthd;. mfTdDk; Fwp nrhy;yf; $batNd Mthd;. mj;jifa mfTddpd; kfshfpa fl;Ltpr;rp Fwp $wp jiytpapd; tUj;jj;jpw;F KUfzq;Nf fhuzk; vdf; $wpaJk; jha; ntwpahlYf;F Vw;ghL nra;ths;. fl;Ltpr;rp> jiytd; kiyiag; ghLk; nghOJ jiytpapd; khw;wj;jpidf; fz;L fsT ntspg;gl;L Ntyd; ntwpahly; jtpHtjw;Fk; tha;g;Gfs; cz;L. MapDk; ngUk;ghYk; jha;> Ntyd; ntwpahlYf;F Vw;ghL nra;jjhfNt ,yf;fpaq;fs; Rl;Lfpd;wd. Vw;ghLfs; eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ jiytp mwj;njhL epd;W Ntyd; ntwpahliyj; jtpHg;ghs;. Ntyd; Ntyd; ntwpahly; epfo;j;Jk; Ntyd; xU Ntis fl;Ltpr;rpapd; je;ijahfpa mftdhff; $l ,Uf;f tha;g;Gfs; cz;L. ,jid> “ahk ,utpd; neLq;fil epd;W NjKjpH rpikaf; Fd;wk; ghLk; Ez;Nfhy; mfTeH Ntz;bd;” (mfehD}W> gh.v. 208> mbfs; 1-3) vd;w ghly; ,jw;Fr; rhd;W gfHfpd;wJ. Ntyd; ntwpahly; vd;gJ ChpNy ,Uf;ff; $ba Kjpa Ntyd; jd; kPJ KUfd; ,wq;fp MLtjhf vz;zp MltjhFk;. ,jid> “kiythd; nfhz;l rpid,a Ntyd;” (Iq;FWE}W> gh.v. 248> mb 2) vd;w mb Rl;Lfpd;wJ. Ntyd; ntwpahly; vd;gJ mtdJ njhopyhFk;. vdNt Ntyd; ntwpahb Kbtpy; jiytpapd; Neha;f;F KUfzq;Nf fhuzk; vdr; Rl;Lthd;. jiytp nfhz;l Neha;f;F kUe;jpidAk; mtd; mwpakhl;lhd; vd;gij> “ntwpnad czHe;j Ntyd; Neha; kUe;J mwpah dhFjy; md;id fhzpa” (FWe;njhif> gh.v. 360> mbfs; 1-2) vd;w mbfs; Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. NkYk; jha; jhd; jdJ mwpahikahy; tpdTfpwhs; vd;whYk; NtyDk; nrhy;tijNa nrhy;Yk; fpspg;gps;is Nghy jiytp Neha;f;F KUfzq;F jhd; fhuzk; vdr; Rl;Ltij> “………………… mwpahJ maHe;j md;idf;F ntwpnad Ntyd; ciuf;Fk; vd;g” (ew;wpiz> gh.v. 273> mbfs; 4-5) vd;w mbfs; mwpTWj;Jfpd;wd.


TdLm 257

ntwpahLfsk; nghJthf rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; ,aw;if topghl;bidNa Kd;dpWj;jp mikfpd;wd. me;j tifapy; Ntyd; ntwpahlyhdJ flk;g kuj;jpd; mbapy; eilngwf; $bajhFk;. CHg; nghJkd;wj;jpy; ,Uf;ff; $ba flk;g kuj;J mbapd; fPo; Kjypy; GJkzy; gug;gg;gLfpd;wJ. mk;kzyhdJ kyHfshy; myq;fhpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jid> “nga;k;kzy; Kw;wk; ftpd;ngw ,aw;wp” (Iq;FWE}W> gh.v. 248> mb 1) vd;w mb Rl;Lfpd;wJ. “Ngv tpotpDs;” vd;W ghpghly; ntwpahliyr; Rl;Lfpd;wJ. ntwpahL fskhdJ mr;rj;ijj; jUk; Njhw;wj;jpy; mike;jpUe;jij mwpaKbfpwJ. NkYk;> “rpWjpid kynuhL tpiu, kwpaWj;J thuzf; nfhbnahL tapw;gl epwP, CHCH nfhz;l rPHnfO tpotpDk; MHtyH Vj;j NktU epiyapDk; Ntyd; ij,a ntwpmaH fsDk;” (jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil> mbfs; 218-222) vd;w thp ntwpahLfsk; jpid mhprpiaAk; kyiuAk; J}tp Ml;Lf; Fl;bia mWj;J uj;jk; Njha;e;j jd;ikapy; fhzg;gLtij mwpaKbfpd;wJ. ntwpahLk; Kiw Ntyd; Njhw;wkhdJ mr;rj;ijj; jUtjhf mikAk;. Ntyd; jdJ fOj;jpdpy; foq;fpdhy; Mfpa khiy mzpe;jpUg;ghd;. ifapy; xU rpW Nfhypid cilatdhfj; jpfo;thd;. ,jdhy; Ntyd; gbkj;jhd; vd;W Rl;lg;gLfpd;whd;. kpFe;j Nfhgj;Jld; KUfd; ,wq;fp MLtjhf Mb> mt;tplk; xU Ml;Lf; Fl;bapidg; gyp ,Lthd;. gpd;dH jiytpia mioj;J Ml;bd; uj;jj;ij vLj;J jiytpapd; new;wpapy; nghl;lhf ,Lthd;. NkYk; jd; jiyapy; cs;s G+tpid jhNd vLj;J vwpjy; Nghd;w mgrFdkhd epfo;TfisAk; epiwNtw;wr; nra;thd;. ,jdhy; jiytidg; gphpe;jpUf;Fk; jiytp> jiytDf;F VNjDk; ghjpg;G Vw;gl;LtpLk; vd;wQ;rp Ntyd; ntwpahliyj; jLf;f Kw;gLths;. mj;Jld; jiytd; nghl;blf; $ba new;wpapy; ahNuh xU Ntyd; nghl;L ,Ljiyj; jiytp Vw;fkhl;lhs;. MjyhYk; Ntyd; ntwpahliyj; jLf;f Kw;gLths;. ,jid> “nea;NahL Iatp mg;gp IJ ciuj;J Fle;jk;gl;L nfhO kyH rpjwp Kuz;nfhs; cUtpd; ,uz;L cld; cB, nre;E}y; ahj;J ntz;nghwp rpjwp kjtyp epiy,a khj;jhs; nfhOtpilf; FUjpnahL tpiu,a J}nts; mhprp” (jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil> mbfs; 228-233) vd;w mbfs; Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. mwj;njhL epw;wy; ntwpahL fsd; mQ;rj;jf;f Njhw;wj;jpy; ,Ue;jyhYk; ntwpahL Kiw jiytpf;F cld;ghby;yhj epiyapYk; Ntyd; ntwpahliyj; jtpHf;f KbT nra;ths;. mjd;gb jiytp jdJ fsT xOf;fk; Fwpj;J Njhopia md;idaplk; ciuf;FkhW Ntz;Lths;. “jiytp ghq;fpf;F mwj;njhL epw;Fk; ghq;fp nrtpypf;F mwj;njhL epw;Fk; nrtpyp ew;wha;f;F mwj;njhL epw;Fk; ew;wha; je;ij jd;idaHf;F mwj;njhL epw;Fk; vd;g newp czHe;NjhNu” (ek;gpafg;nghUs;> E}. 416) vd;w E}w;ghtpd; gb mwj;njhL epiy epfOk;. Njhop> nrtpypj; jha;f;F mwj;njhL epw;Fk; jd;ikapid Iq;FWE}W> ntwpg;gj;J gFjpapy; ,lk;ngWk; gj;J ghly;fs; Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. Njhop> nrtpypj; jhaplk; jiytp cw;w Neha;f;F Ntyd; ntwpahly; kUe;jhfhJ vd ciuj;j jd;ikapid>


TdLm 258

“fwptsH rpyk;gpw; flTl; Ngzp mwpah Ntyd; ntwp vdf; $Wk; mJ kdk; nfhs;Fit mid! - ,ts; GJkyH kiof;fz; Gyk;gpa Neha;f;Nf” (Iq;FWE}W> gh.v. 243) vd;w ghly; Rl;Lfpd;wJ. ,q;qdk; mwj;njhL epd;w jd;ikahy; Ntyd; ntwpahly; epfo;j;Jtjpy; jil Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. NkYk; jiytd;> jiytp tPl;by; Ntyd; ntwpahly; epfo;e;jij mwpe;jhy; tUj;jk; nfhs;thd;. jiytpapd; tUj;jj;jpw;F jhd; fhuzkhfhky; Ntyd; jhd; fhuzkh? vd;W Nfs;tp vOg;gpdhy; jiytp capiu tplf; $lj; Jzpe;jtshf ,Uf;fpd;whs;. ,jid> “ntwpfko; neLNts; ey;Ftd; vdpNd nrwpnjhb cw;w nry;yYk; gpwpJ vdf; fhs;nfO ehld; Nfl;gpd; ahd; capH tho;jy; mjdpDk; mhpNj” (mfehD}W> gh.v. 98> mbfs; 26-30) vd;w mbfs; Rl;Lfpd;wd. Ntyd; ntwpahlyhy; jiytp nfhz;l mjpfg;gbahd mr;rj;jpid ,g;ghly; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. KbTiu Ntyd; ntwpahly; vd;gJ jiytpapd; cly; NtWghl;lhy; epfo;tjhfr; Rl;lg;gl;l NghjpYk; rhjhuz kf;fs; jq;fsJ rpW cly;eyf; Fiwtpw;Fk; Ntyd; ntwpahly; epfo;j;jp ,Uf;fpd;wdH. ,J ngUk;ghYk; FwpQ;rpj; jpizg; gFjpapNyNa epfo;j;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. Ntyd; ntwpahly; epfo;j;jp jiytpapd; Neha;f;F fd;dk; vd;w jhaj;jpid mspj;j jd;ikapid> “nghd;nra; fd;dk; nghyp” (mfehD}W> gh.v. 137) vd;w mb Rl;Lfpd;wJ. ,f;fl;Liuapd; top Ntyd; ntwpahly; mfj;jpizapy; topghl;L mwkhf mike;j jd;ikapid mwpaKbfpwJ.


TdLm 259

rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; mwf;fy;tpr; rpe;jidfs;

Kidtu; ,uh.Rkjp

cjtpg; Nguhrpupau;> jkpo;j;Jiw g+.rh.Nfh. fiy mwptpay; fy;Y}up> Nfhit

Kd;Diu jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; mwnewpf; $Wfs; rq;f fhyk; Kjw; nfhz;L ,d;iwa fhy ,yf;fpaq;fs; tiu kpfTk; gue;J tpupe;J fhzg;gLk; xU gz;ghFk;. fy;tpNa rq;ffhyq;fspy; mwneapia Nghjpg;gjhf mike;Js;sJ. ,J gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy; Muha;Nthk;. rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; mwf;fy;tp jkpo;r; rq;fk; Fwpj;j nra;jpapid> 'njhy;yhiz ey;yhrpupah; Gzh;$l;Lz;l Gfo;rhy; rpwg;gpd; epye;jU jpUtp ndbNahd; Nghy...." (kJiuf;. gh.m. 760-763) vDk; ,g;ghlybfs; ekf;F czh;j;Jfpd;wd. 'fw;wtd; murDf;F xg;ghf> murDf;Fk; cah;thf kjpf;fg; gl;lhd;. mwpTilNahd; top muRk; nrd;wjdhy; ,sikapy; fy;yhjtdpd;epiy ,uq;fj;jf;fjhff; fhl;lg;gl;lJ. ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpy; E}y;fy;tpiaf; fw;gpf;Fk; Mrphpah;fs; cUthfj; jiyg;gl;ldh;. ,th;fs; mwE}y;fis khzth;fSf;Fg; gapw;Wtpj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thrphpah;fs; ‘njhy;yhiz ey;yhrphpah;| vdg; Gfog;gl;ldh;. ,th;fs; xd;W$b thjpl;ldh;. ‘Gfhh; efuj;Jf; fl;lg;gl;l nfhbfSs; gy;Nfs;tpj; JiwNghfpa njhy;yhiz ey;yhrphpah; thjpLtJ fUjp cah;j;jpa nfhbAk; xd;W" vd;W Ma;thsh; Nf.godpNtY gl;bdg;ghiy Fwpg;gpl;l ghly; thpapid (169-171) Nkw;Nfhspl;L epWtpAs;sJ ,q;F epidT $wj;jf;fJ. (Nf. godpNtY> fy;tp tuyhW - rpy ghh;itfs;> g. 50.) rq;ffhy mwg; gs;spfs; jkpofj;jpy; epytpa rkz> ngsj;j rkaq;fspd; gs;spfs; gy rq;f fhyj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jjw;fhd Fwpg;G gl;bdg;ghiyapy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. Gfhh; efur;rpwg;gpid vLj;Jiuf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; rkz> ngsj;jj; Jwtpfs; gyUk; jtk; Ghpfpd;w gs;spfs; Gfhh; efhpy; ,Ue;jd vd;fpwhh; gl;bdg;ghiy Mrphpah; cUj;jpuq;fz;zdhh;. 'gfl;nlUj;jpd; gyrhiyj; jtg;gs;spj; jho;fhtpd; mtph;ril Kdpt uq;fp Ntl;Fk;" (gl;bdg;.> gh.m. 52-54) vd;w ,t; mbfspy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s jtg;gs;sp vd;Dk; nrhy; Jwtpfs; jq;fpj; jtk;GhpAk; gs;spfisf; Fwpf;fpwJ . (ngh.Nt. NrhkRe;jdhh; (ciu.M.)>gl;bdg;> g. 42.) ‘rq;f fhyj;jpy; mikTw;wpUe;j ,g;gs;spfs;jhk;; gpd;dh; gy;yth; fhyq;fspy; rpwe;j fy;tpf;$lq;fshf tsh;r;rp ngw;Ws;sd| vd;fpwhh; kapiy rPdp. Ntq;flrhkp. (kapiy. rPdp. Ntq;flrhkp> rkzUk; jkpOk; (Kjw;gFjp)> g. 97.) rka mwq;fisg; nghJkf;fSf;Fg; Nghjpf;Fk; Kiwapid Kjy;Kjyhf rkz ngsj;j kjq;fNs njhlq;fpAs;sd. rkz Kdpth;fs; gs;spfspy; cs;s $lj;jpy; rpWth;fis mkur;nra;J rkaf; fUj;Jf;fisf; fw;gpj;jypd; milahskhfj;jhd; gpw;fhyj;jpy; ek; ehl;Lg; ghlrhiyfSf;Fg; gs;spf;$lk; vd;w ngah; toq;fyhapw;W vdTk; ciuf;fpd;whh; kapiy. rPdp. Ntq;flrhkp. (kapiy. rPdp. Ntq;flrhkp> rkzUk; jkpOk; (Kjw;gFjp)> g. 97.)


TdLm 260

mwf;fy;tp fy;tpr; rpe;jidfSs; mwk; rhh;e;j fUj;Jf;fNs mjpfk; ,lk; ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. rq;fk; kUtpa fhyj;jpy; Njhw;wk; fz;l mwE}y;fSs; xd;whd jpUf;Fwspy; gy;NtW mwf;fUj;Jf;fs; RUf;fkhfr; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sd. jd;dplk; ghprpy; ngw;Wj; jpUk;Gk; ghzh;fisg; ghh;j;J ‘vk;ik epidj;J kPsTk; tUe;jPNuh! | vd;W fps;sptstd; vDk; murd; Nfl;f> mjw;F kWnkhopahf MyJ}h;f; fpohh; vd;Dk; Gyth; 'ghzh;f;Fj; njhiyahr; nry;tj;ij toq;Fk; vk; Nfhdhfpa tstd; eP tho;f! xUtd; nra;jp nfhd;Nwhh;f;F ca;jpapy;nyd mwE}y; $wpw;W. mf;$w;Wg;gb ahd; nra;jp nfhd;why;> ahDiwAk; ehl;by; QhapW Kiwg;gb Njhd;WjnyhopAk;; rhd;Nwhh; nra;j ey;tpidahy; ehl;bw; nga;Ak; kioj; JspapDk; gythfpa fhyk; eP tho;thahf" (F.Nt.ghyRg;ukzpad; KjypNahh;> (ciu.M) Gwk;.gh. 34.) vd;W tho;j;Jfpd;w ghly; xd;Wk; cs;sJ. NkYk;> gRtpd; ghy; kbapid mWj;J mJ jUk; gaidf; nfLj;j jPtpidahsUf;Fk; khl;rpikAila mzpGide;j kfsph;jk; fUtpidr; rpijj;jth;f;Fk; ngw;w jha;f;Fk; je;ijf;Fk; nfhLikgy nra;j nfhLikahsDf;Fk; mth;fs; nra;j gpioapid> jPtpidapidg; Nghf;Fk; gytopfs; cs;sd. Mdhy; epyk; fPo;Nkyhfg; ngah;e;jhYk; xUtd; nra;j ed;wpiar; rpijj;jtDf;F mj;jPtpidapy; ,Ue;J ca;tJ vf;fhyj;Jk; ,y;iy vd;fpd;w nghUspy;> 'Md; Kiy mWj;j mwdp Nyhh;f;Fk;> khz;; ,io kfsph; fUr; rpijj;Njhh;f;Fk;> ghh;g;ghh; jg;gpa nfhLik Nahh;f;Fk;> tOtha; kUq;fpy; fOthAk; cs vd epyk; Gil ngah;tJ MapDk;> xUtd; nra;jp nfhd;Nwhh;f;F ca;jp ,y;" (Gwk;. gh 34:1-6 ) vd;w ghlYk; GwehD}wpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,f;fUj;jpid> 've;ed;wp nfhd;whh;f;Fk; ca;Tz;lhk; ca;tpy;iy nra;ed;wp nfhd;w kfw;F" (Fws;. 110) vd;W jpUf;Fws; E}y; njhFj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. rq;f fhyf; fy;tp mwf;fy;tpahFk;. ePjp> xOf;fk;> rkak; Mfpait Kjd;ik ngw;Ws;sd. 'xOf;fj;ij mspf;Fk; ,f;fy;tp mwE}y; fy;tpahf ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mwE}y;fisg; gw;wpa gy Fwpg;Gfs; rq;f E}y;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. (Gwk;.15:17-21) ,e;j mwE}y;fs; vit? vdj; njspthf mwpa ,aytpy;iy. MapDk; E}y;fw;wy; vd;gJ mwE}y;fisf; fw;wy; vd;w epiyapy; ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;. ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpy; E}w;fy;tpiaf; fw;gpf;Fk; Mrphpah;fs; cUthfj; jiyg;gl;ldh;". (Nf.godpNtY> fy;tp tuyhW – rpy ghh;itfs;> g. 50) vd;w Nf.godpNtYtpd; fUj;jhdJ mwf;fy;tpf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;j nra;jpia ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. GwehD}w;wpy; fzpad; g+q;Fd;wdhuhy; ,aw;wg;gl;l ghlyhdJ> vy;yh CUk; vkf;Fr; nrhe;j CNu! vy;yhUk; vd; Rw;wj;jhh;! NfLk; Mf;fKk; gpwh; ju thuh! NehjYk; mJ jPh;jYk; gpwuhy; tUtd my;y! Jd;gKk; ,d;gKk; jk;khNy tpistdthFk;! ,wj;jYk; Gjpjd;W! fUtpy; Njhd;wpa ehspNyNa ,wg;G vd;gJ jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;L tpl;lJ! tho;tjid ,dpnjd;W kfpo;e;jJkpy;iy! tho;tpy; ntWg;G te;jTld; me;j tho;f;if Jd;gkhdJ vd;W xJf;FjYk; ,y;iy! Mw;wpd; ePH; topNa nry;Yk; njg;gj;ijg; Nghy mhpa ,t;TapuhdJ Co;topNa nry;Yk;! vd;fpd;w gy;NtW mwf; fUj;Jf;fisAk; xd;wd;gpd; xd;whfr; nrhy;yp xU nfhs;fydhfj; jpfo;fpd;wJ. NkYk; \jpwNthh; fhl;rpapd; njspe;jdk;| (Gwk; :192> 10-11) vd;wikfpd;w nrhd;nwhlhpd; thapyhfTk;> 'nghpNahiu tpaj;jY kpyNk rpwpNahiu apfo;j yjdpD kpyNk" (Gwk;. 192:12-13) vd;fpd;w thpfspd; %ykhfTk; mwtpay; fy;tpapid midtUf;Fk; nghJthdjhf mikAk; mwpfpd;Nwhk;. 'mwf;fy;tpahdJ mwE}y;fspd; top Nghjpf;fg;gl;lJ. mwE}y;fSf;Fk; ,iw topghl;L E}y;fSf;Fk; FiwNt ,y;iy" (e. Rg;Gnul;;bahh;> jkpo; gapw;W Kiw> g. 19.)


TdLm 261

vd;fpd;w Rg;Gnul;bahhpd; fUj;J Nkw;fz;l fUj;NjhL ,iaGilajhf mikfpd;wJ. Neubahf czh;j;jhky; kiwKfkhf typAWj;Jk; fUj;Jf;fisAk; Vuhskhff; fhzyhk;. NkYk;> 'ey;yJ nra;jy; Mw;wPh; MapDk; my;yJ nra;jy; Xk;Gkpd;: mJjhd; vy;yhUk; ctg;gJ md;wpAk; ey;yhw; Wg;g^c newpAkh wJNt" (Gwk;.gh.195) vd;gd Nghd;w mbfs; kf;fshfg; gpwe;j midtUf;FNk rpwe;jNjhh; xOf;fj;ijg; Gfl;Lk; mwTiuahf kpsph;fpd;wd. ey;nyhOf;ff; fy;tp ehlfg; ghq;fpy; rq;f fhy mftho;tpidg; gjpT nra;Js;s fypj;njhifg; ghlnyhd;W nra;ed;wp kwj;jYk;> R+SwT ngha;j;jYk; Mfpa Fw;wr; nray;fisg; gjpT nra;Js;sJ. 'fw;gpj;jhd; neQ;R mOq;fg; gfh;e;J cz;zhd;> tpr;irf;fz; jg;gpj;jhd;> nghUNs Nghy;> jkpaNt NjAkhy;> xw;fj;Js; cjtpahh;f;F cjthjhd;: kw;W mtd; vr;rj;Js; MapDk;> m/J vwpahJ tplhNj fhz;" (nea;jw; fyp> gh.149) vd;w ,f;fypj;njhif Gyg;gLj;Jk; mwf;fy;tp> mwr;nray;fis ikakpl;l ,f;fUj;Jf;fs; ahTk; mwtpay; fy;tpf;F muzhfj;jpfo;fpd;wd. fsT ePl;bj;j jiytdpd; nraiy epidj;Jj; jiytp tUe;Jfpd;whs;;. mtsJ tUj;jj;ijj; jzptpf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; Njhopahdts; jiytDf;Ff; Nfl;Fk; tpjkhf mtdJ nra;e;ed;wp kwj;jy;> R+YwT ngha;j;jy; Mfpa Fzq;fis %d;W jhopirfs; thapyhf vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whs;. mjpy; xd;W gpd;tUkhW mikfpd;wJ. jdf;Ff; fw;gpj;j Mrhd;> jd;dplkpUe;J xd;Wk; ngwhky;> kdk; tUe;jpa fhiy> jd; ifg; nghUisg; gFj;Jf; ifk;khhwhff; nfhLj;J cz;zhjtd; nry;tk;; jhd; fw;w tpj;ijiaj; jtwhd topapy; gad;gLj;JgtDila fy;tpr; nry;tk;; jdf;F XU tUj;jk; Vw;gl;l fhiy cjthjtDila nry;tk; Mfpa ,itnay;yhk; jhkhfNt Nja;e;J mope;JtpLk;. mJkl;Lkpd;wp mtDila nra;ed;wpf; NfL clk;gpid Xopj;J caph; Nghd ,lj;Jk; gad; tpistpf;fhky; NghfhJ fhz;f. ,j;jhopirf; fUj;Jf;fs; jiytdpd; fsnthOf;fj;ijr; rPh;gLj;j cjTtNjhL kl;Lky;yhky;> Mrphpah; khztd; fy;tp fw;wy; Mfpa me;ehisa gof;f tof;fq;fisAk; ekf;Fj; njhptpf;fpd;wd. mwNthh; gs;sp ngsj;j rkz rkaq;fs; nry;thf;NfhL ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; rpyg;gjpfhuk; Njhd;wpajhy; mjDs; Jwtpfs; jq;fp mwr;nray; GhpAk; gs;spfs; gw;wpa nra;jpfs; ,lk;ngwf; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. kdj;ij xUepiyg;gLj;jpj; jpahd epiyapy; epd;W mwpaTk;> nghpa cz;ikfisf; fz;lwpe;J nrhy;yf;$ba jpwDila rkz ngsj;jj; Jwtpfs; jq;fpa ,lq;fs; vy;yhk; mf;fhyj;jpy; gs;spfs; vd;Nw miof;fg;gl;ld. mjd; tsh;r;rpahfj;jhd; ,d;iwa ehspy; fy;tpiag; Nghjpf;Fk; fy;tp epiyaq;fisg; gs;spfs; vd;W miof;fpNwhk;. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd;; ,e;jpu tpoT Ch; vLj;j fhijapy; Gfhh; efhpy; eilngWfpd;w epfo;r;rpfis vy;yhk; thpirg;gLj;jpr; nrhy;Yfpd;w ,sq;Nfhtbfs; Xhplj;jpy; mwNthh; gs;spfs; gw;wpAk; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh; 'mwNthh; gs;spAk; mwd; Xk; gilAk; Gwepiyf; Nfhl;lj;J Gz;zpaj; jhdKk; jpwNthh; ciof;FQ; nray;rpwe;J xUghy;" (rpyk;G.> ,e;jpu tpoT Ch; vLj;j fhij> gh.m. 179-181) ,t;thpfs; rkz ngsj;jg; gs;spfspy; jh;kk; Nghjpj;jy;> Guhzk; gbj;jy; Mfpad epfo;e;Js;sd vdTk; mwk;NgZk; mwr;rhiyfspy; mjw;Fhpa nray;fshf cztspj;jy; Nghd;wit epfo;e;Js;sd vdTk; kjpw;Gwj;NjAs;s Jwtpfs; thOkplj;jpy; Ez;zpa nfhilfSk; nghpNahh; $wpAs;s ew;nray;fSk; rpwf;f epfo;e;Js;sij vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. ,sq;Nfhtbfspd; ,g;gjpthdJ> rpyg;gjpfhu fhyj;jpy; kf;fl;F ey;ywpT Nghjpf;ff;$ba jUkr; nray;fSk; mj;jUkf; fhhpaq;fisf; fijg; gFg;gpy; ciuf;fpd;w Guhz E}y;fisg; gbj;J tpsf;fk; $WjYk; Mfpa nry;fs; ,dpNj epfo;e;Js;sij mwpa KbfpwJ. jUkr; nray;fs;


TdLm 262

rhh;e;j fy;tpAk; mjidf;Fwpg;ghf vLj;Jiuf;fpd;w Guhzq;fSk; mf;fhyj;jpy; fy;tpf;Fhpa nghUz;ikfshf mike;jpUe;jd vdf;fUjyhk;. mwNthh; gs;spfspy; fw;gpj;j ghlg;nghUs; gw;wpa kPdhf;rpah; rpe;jidahdJ Nkw;fz;l fUj;ij tphpthf;Ftjha; cs;sJ. 'Gj;j tpfhiufspy; khzhf;fUf;Fr; rk];fpUjj;Jld; Gj;j jj;Jtq;fspd; gpwghlq;fisr; Nrh;j;Jf; fw;gpj;jikia mwpa KbfpwJ. Athd; -Rthq;> ,l;rpq; MfpNahhpd; Fwpg;GfspypUe;J ,k;klq;fspy; jdpj;jdpg;ghlg; gphpTfs; fw;gpf;fg;ngw;wikia mwpa KbfpwJ. tpida gplfq;fs; kUj;Jtk;> mWit rpfpr;ir Nghd;w ghlq;fs; klq;fspy; fw;gpf;fg; ngw;wijf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. ,e;epWtdq;fspy; vz;zpyh khzhf;fh; gapd;wdh;. ,th;fs; xU Fwpg;gpl;l rkaE}iyf; fw;gjw;fhfg; Gj;j Jwtpfsplk; mDg;gg; ngw;wdh;. mjw;nfdj; jdpg;gphpTfSk; klq;fspy; ,ize;jpUe;jd. kUj;Jtk;> thdpay;> iftpid vd;gtw;NwhL ,g;ghlq;fs; mike;jpUe;jd. ( Minakshi, Administration and social life under the pallavas P. 249) vd;w tuyhw;NwhL njhlh;Gila fUj;ij mwpaKbfpwJ. KbTiu rq;f fhyq;fspy; mwnewpf; $Wfs; mjpfstpy; fhzg;gl;l nra;jpfis ,f;fl;Liuapy; mwpa Kbfpd;wJ. gs;spfspy; ,d;wsTk; tpOkpaf;fy;tp> xOf;ff; fy;tp>Nghd;wit ,lk; ngw;W mwnewpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij fhyk;; fle;Jk; epiy ngw itj;Js;sJ. rq;f fhyj;jpy; mwnewpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij ,f;fl;Liu top mwpfpNwhk;.


TdLm 263

tho;tpay; mwq;fs;

Kidth; nt.eph;kyh

jkpo;j;Jiwj;jiyth;> = ,uhkfpU\;zh kfsp;h;; fiy mwptpay; fy;Yhhp> Nfhit

Kd;Diu jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspd; caph; ehbahfj;jpfo;tJ mwk;. rhd;Nwhh;fs; cyfNk fpilj;jhYk; jhd; kl;Lk; thohJ jd;idr; rhh;e;jth;fisAk; cah;j;jp thor;nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; Nehf;fpidf; nfhz;L tho;e;jdh;. jd;dykpd;wp nghJ eyk; NgZtNj rpwe;j tho;tpay; mwkhFk;. “ey;yJ nra;jy; Mw;wPh; MapDk; my;yJ nra;jy; Xk;Gkpd;” (Gwk;-115) vd;Dk; ghlypy; ey;yJ nra;ahtpl;lhYk; jPik nra;ahky; tho;tNj rpwe;j mwk; vd;gij Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shh;. Ntshz; mwk; njhlf;ffhy jkpo;r; rKjhak; cotpd; Nkd;ikia vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. coth;fs; fzf;Fg; ghh;j;jhy; ehop cof;F $l kpQ;rhJ. cOjy;> cukpLjy;> fisgwpj;jy;> ePh;g;gha;r;ry;> fhj;jy; Mfpa midj;J NtiyfisAk; rpukk; ghuhJ nra;a Ntz;Lk;. “Fsk; njhl;Lf;NfhL gjpj;J> top rPj;J csk; njhl;L cOtay; Mf;fp-tsk; njhl;Lg; ghFgLk; fpzw;NwhL vd;W ,t;itk;ghy; gLj;jhy; VFk; nrhh;f;fj;J ,dpJ” (rpWgQ;r%yk;-64) nghpa Mokhd Fsk; Njhz;Ljy;>kuf;fpisfis epyj;jpy; eLjy;>kf;fs; elg;gjw;fhd topfis nrg;gdpLjy;>jhpR epyj;ij ed;nra; epykhf;FtNjhL nropg;Gs;s epykhf;Fjy;>fpzWfisj; Njhz;Ljy; ,e;j Ie;Jmwnewpfis nra;jtd; ,dpa nrhh;f;fj;ij milthd;. Nghh; mwk; murh;fs; ,Uth; jk;Ks; khWghL nfhz;L NghhpLtJ. Nghhpy; tPukuzk; va;jpa cliy thshy; ntl;b mlf;fk; nra;th;. “Neha;g;ghy; tpspe;j ahf;if joP,f; ....... ePs; fod; kwth; nry;Topr;nry;nfd ths; Ngho;j;jlf;fYk; ca;e;jdh; khNjh” (Gwk;-93) muruJ Neha;tha;g;gl;L fple;j cliy jUg;ig Gy; kPJ fplj;jp Nte;jh; nry;Yk; cyfj;jpw;F nry;f vd;W thshy; ntl;b mlf;fk; nra;Ak; mwk; ,Ue;jJ. Nghh; njhLf;f tpUk;Gk; kd;dd; Mepiufisf; fth;e;J fhg;ghw;Wjy;> ghh;g;gd khf;fs;> ngz;fs;> gpzpAil khf;fs;> Gjy;th; ngwhjth; Nghd;Nwhh;fis mg;Gwg;gLj;Jth;.,J mwnewpg;ghw;gl;lit. gRf;fSf;Fj; Jd;gk; nra;af; $lhJ vd;w Nehf;fpYk;> rpw;Waph;fSf;Fj; jPq;F tpistpf;ff;$lhJ vd;w mwnewpia gpd;gw;wpdh;. JhJth;fis mDg;gpg;giliaj; jpul;Ljy;> ed;epkpj;jk; ghh;j;Jg; Gwg;gLjy;> Nghh; thspid ePuhl;b Fil Kurpid mzptFj;J nry;Yjy; Mfpa mwnewpfisAk; gpdgw;wpdh;.


TdLm 264

“MTkhdpaw; ghh;g;gd khf;fSk; ..... nghd; Nghw; Gjy;th;g; ngwhmjPUk; vk; mk;G fbtpLJ Ek; muz; Nrh;kpd;” (Gwk;-9) cq;fSf;F ghJfhg;ghd ,lj;jpw;F nry;Yq;fs; vd mwptpg;gh;. ngUQ;Nrhw;W cjpaQ;Nruyhjid KuQ;rpA+h; Kbehfdhh; ghba GwehDhw;W ghlypy; FUNrj;jpuj;jpy; ele;j ghujg; NghUf;F ngUQ;NrhW mspj;jhd;. ghz;lth;>nfsuth; vd;w ghFghl;bd;wp kdpj Neaj;jpd; fhuzkhf czT toq;Ftij jdJ flikahf vz;zp tho;e;jhd;. “myq;Fisg; Gutp ItnuhL rpid, epye;jiyf; nfhz;l nghyk; g+e;Jk;ig <iuk; gjpd;kUk; nghUJ fsj;njhopag; ngUQ;Nrhw;W kpFgjk; tiuahJ nfhLj;jha;” (Gwk; -2-13-16) grpj;jth;f;F cztspj;jy; kdpj Nea mwnewpahFk;. mjdhy; jhd; rPj;jiy rhj;jdhUk; “Mw;wh khf;fs; mUk;grp fisjy; Nkw;Nw cyfpd; nka;e;newp tho;f;if” vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. rpwpJ Jd;gk; Neh;e;j NghJk; jd; eyidf;fUjhJ tpiue;J nrd;W mj;Jd;gk; fisa KidtjhFk;. “fz;ZW tpOkk; ifNghy; cjtp” (ew;wpiz-266-4) vd;Dk; mbapy; fz;zpw;F Jd;gk; VjhtJ Vw;gl;lhy; if rpe;jpg;gjpy;iy. tpiue;J nrd;W Jahpid Jilf;Fk;. ,Njg; Nghy kdpjNeag; gz;Gk; mwj;jpd; topNa eilngWfpwJ. kdpj Neaj;jpw;F Nghhpy; Kd;Dhpik nfhLj;jdh; .kwf;Fyg;ngz;fs; jk; gps;isfisg;NghUf;F mDg;gpdhh;fs;.KJfpy; fhak; ngWtij ,Of;fhff; fUjpdh;.MAjk; ,y;yhjtidj; jhf;FtJ Nfhioj;jdkhff; fUjg;gl;lJ. njhz;il ehl;il njhz;ilkhd; Mz;L te;jhd;. jhd; gilgyk; kpf;ftd; vd;w ,Wkhg;Gk; mtdplk; ,Ue;jJ. mtdJ mwpahikia mwpe;j mjpakhd; Nghhpd; nfhLikiaAk;> typapoe;j cWjpia ehl;Lkf;fSf;F njhptpf;Fk; nghUl;L xsitahiu Jhjhf mDg;gpdhd;. njhz;ilkhd; xsitahUf;F jdJg; gilf;fyf;nfhl;biyf; fhl;bdhd;. njhz;ilkhd; gilf;fyq;fis Gfo;e;J gPyp mzpag;gl;L> khiy R+l;lg;gl;L> moFgLj;jp nea;aplg;gl;L fhtYila Nfhtpypy; cs;sd. “,t;Nt gPypazpe;J khiy R+l;b fz;buNzhd; fho;jpUj;jp nea;azpe;J fbAiltpadfut;Nt at;Nt gifth;f;Fj;jpf;NfhL Ejp rpije;J....” Mdhy; mjpakhdpd; gilf;fyq;fNs giftiuf;Fj;jp ths; Kid rpije;J nfhy;ydJ nfhl;bypy; cs;sd vd;W $wp Jhjpw;Fhpa ehtd;ikahy; tQ;rg;Gfo;r;rpahf Nghh;f;Fzj;ij khw;wp tpl;lhh;. ,j;jifa Nghh; mwnewpia ek; Gyth;fs; murh;fSf;F mwpTWj;jpAs;sdh; vd;gJ jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspd; thapyhf mwpaKbfpwJ. thzpg mwk; thzpg mwk; vd;gJ xU nghUisNah> NritNah tpw;gid nra;tJ.thzpg nghUspd; juk;>Neuk;>Kaw;rp Mfpatw;iw nfhz;L ,yhgj;ij miltJ. gz;lkhw;W vd;gJ xU nghUSf;fhf kw;nwhU nghUis khw;wpf; nfhs;tJ gz;lkhw;W Kiw vdg;gLk;. ngUQ;nry;tk; kpf;f nea;jy; epy kf;fs; thOk; Gfhh; efupy; fly; R+o;e;j ehLfspypUe;J te;J mth;fSf;F Njitahd nghUs;fis ,y;iy vd;W $whj tifapy; thzpfk; rpwe;J tpsq;fpaJ. nghUs;fisj;jpUbdhy; jz;lid toq;fg;gl;lJ. jpUbag; nghUis jiy kPJ itj;J JiwKfj;ijr;Rw;wptur;nra;J nghpa jz;lid toq;fg;gl;lJ.jz;lid jUfpd;w ,lk; nts;spil kd;wk; vd;W miof;fg;gl;lJ.


TdLm 265

“kio nfhsf; FiwahJ> Gdy; GfkpfhJ fiu nghUJ ,uq;Fk; Ke;ePh; Nghy nfhsf; nfhsf; FiwahJ juju kpfhJ” vd;Dk; ghlypy; gfy; Neu ehsq;fhb gw;wpAk; ,uT Neu my;yq;fhbAk; ,aq;Fk; tpjk; Fwpj;J tpsf;Ffpwhh;.MWfs; te;J flypy; te;J fyg;gjpdhy; fly; nghq;fp toptjpy;iy. kf;fs; $l;lkhf te;J tpw;gid nra;tjhy; nghUl;fs; jPh;e;J tpLtJk; ,y;iy.vd;W thzpf rpwg;ig vLj;Jf;fhl;bAs;shh;. “nebEfj;Jg; gfy; Nghy eLTepd;w ey; neQ;rpdh;..... jkTk; gpwTk; xg;g ehbf; nfhs;tJhck; kpif nfhs;shJ nfhLg;gJhck; Fiw nfhlhJ gy;gz;lk; gfh;e;J tPRk;” (gl;bdg;ghiy-206-2-11) eLTepiyikAld; jk;Kilag; nghUisAk;> gpwUilag; nghUisAk; xd;whfNt vz;zp thq;FtijAk; mjpf tpiy nfhs;shky;> nfhLg;gijAk; Fiwtpd;wp nfhLf;fhky; gy gz;lq;fisAk; epahakhf $wp thzpfk; nra;Ak; mwk; ,Ue;jJ. tpUe;Njhk;G gz;gwk; gz;ilaf;fhy kf;fs; tpUe;Njhk;gypy; rpwe;J tpsq;fpdh;. grpNahL tPL Njb te;jth;fSf;F Kfk; Nfhzhky; cgrhpf;Fk; gz;gpidg; ngw;wpUe;jdh;.caph; rhfhky; ,Ug;gjw;fhd mKjNk fpilj;jhYk; mij rhd;Nwhh;fs; jdpj;J cz;z khl;lhhh;fs;. “cz;lhy; mk;k ,t;Tyfk; ,e;jpuh; mkpo;jk; ,iat jhapDk; ,dpJ vdj; jkpah; cz;lYk; ,yNu” (Gwk;-182) vd;gij GwehDhw;W ghly; tpsf;FfpwJ. “mwNthh;f;fspj;jYk; me;jzh; Xk;gYk; JwNthh;f;nfjph;jYk; njhy;Nyhh; rpwg;gpd; tpUe;njjph; NfhlYk; ,oe;j ntd;id” (rpyg;gjpfhuk;-16 71-73) tpUe;Njhk;Gtjw;F nghUs; Njitg;gLfpwJ.mjdhy; jiytd; nghUs; Njl nry;fpwhd;. <ifawk; tho;tpay; mwq;fSs; <ifawk; kdpj tho;f;iff;F ,d;wpaikahjJ. rq;f fhy kf;fs; <ifia Nghw;wp tho;e;jdh;.gpwUf;Ff; nfhLg;gjd; %yk; kfpo;r;rpailtJld; gz;ghl;bidg; ngw;wpUe;jdh;. “<nad ,uj;jy; ,ope;jd;W ,jd; vjph; <Nad; vd;wy; mjdpDk; ,ope;jd;W” (Gwk;-204) nghJeyk; NgZjYk;>gpwUf;fhf tpl;Lf; nfhLj;jYk;> gpwUf;F cioj;jYk; ,t;twk; jisg;gjw;F cWJizaha; ,Ue;Js;sd. fy;tpawk; rq;ffhyj;jpy; fy;tp fw;gpf;Fk; Mrphpaiu fzf;fhah; vd;wiog;gh;. Mrphpah; khzth;fSf;F rpwe;j topfhl;bahfTk;>newpg;gLj;JgtuhfTk; ,Ue;jdh;. epyk;>kiy>epiwNfhy;>kyh; Nghd;w cah;thd vz;zq;fSk;>cyfpay; mDgtKk; ngw;wpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. tQ;rk;> mr;rk;> mOf;fhW> mth Nghd;w vz;zq;fs; Mrphpahplk; ,Uf;ff;$lhJ. murd; kfd;>kpFjpahf nghUisf; nfhLg;gtd;. mfq;fhuk; cilatd;>fs;td;>NfhggLgtd;>ke;j Gj;jp cilatd;> Ehy;fisf;fz;L mQ;Rgtd; vd khztd; mg;gbapy;yhky; nrtp thahf> neQ;Rf;fsdhff; Nfl;lit Nfl;L mit tplhJ cs;sj;jpy; nfhz;L ,Ug;gJ khzhf;fhpd; flikahFk;. fw;Nwhh;f;Ff; fy;tp eyd; my;yhy; kw;Nwhh; mzpfyk; Ntz;lhthk; vd;w ePjpnewp tpsf;fj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghy mwnewpia ey;FtJ fy;tpahFk;. ‘jsh;e;Jop cjTk; fy;tp jhndd’ jsh;r;rpAw;w fhyj;jpy; jsh;tpidg; Nghf;fpg; Gj;Jzh;r;rp juty;yJ fy;tp;. ‘Jizaha;


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tUk; Jha ew;fy;tpNa’ vd;W FkuFUguUk; ghbAs;shh;. “nts;sj;jhy; mopahJ nte;jzyhy; NtfhJ Nte;juhYk; nfhs;sj;jhd; KbahJ: nfhLj;jhYk; epiwtd;wp FiwahJ: fs;sh;f;Nfh gakpy;iy fhtYf;F kpf vspJ” vd;Dk; rpwg;gpidg; ngw;Ws;sJ. murpay; mwk; murd; Fbkf;fsplk; ePjpKiw jtwhky; ele;J nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. kf;fspd; Fiwfisf;Nfl;L jPh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. “FbjoP,f; Nfhy; Xr;Rk; khepy kd;dd; mbj;joP epw;Fk; cyF” (Fws;-544) tpidtypAk;>JiztypAk; khw;whd; typAk; mwpe;J kd;dd; Ml;rp nra;a Ntz;Lk;. kidawk; kidtp kidawj;ijf; fhg;gijf;flikahff; nfhz;L tho;e;jpUe;jhs;. fztd; tPL tWikapy; ,Ue;jhYk; jd; tPl;ilg;gw;wp vz;zhky; ngUikNahL thoNtz;Lk;. fztd; FLk;gk; tWikAw;wpUe;jhYk; fpilf;fpd;w fQ;rpiag; nghOJ fopj;J cz;fpwhs;. “mwpTk; xOf;fKk; ahz; Fzh;e;jds; nfhy; nfhz;l nfhOed; Fbtwd; cw;nwdf; nfhLj;j je;ij nfhOQ;NrhW cs;shs; xOFePh; Ezq;fwd; Nghyg; nghOJ kWj;J cz;ZQ; rpWkJ ifaNs” (ew;wpiz-110) FLk;g tWikiag; ngw;Nwhhplk; kiwj;J tho;tJ kidawj;jpd; rpwg;ghf ,Ue;jJ. NkYk;>fztdpd; md;ghdJ kdjstpy; cah;e;J epw;fpwJ vd;gjw;F rhd;W. “ed;ndLq;$e;jy; eiuNahL Kbg;gpDk; ePj;jNyhk;Gkjp g+f;Nf%u” (ew;wpiz-10) kidtp eiu %jhl;bahdhYk; fztdpd; md;ghdJ Kjy; ehs; nfhz;l md;gpid Nghy Nghw;wp ghJfhg;gJ fztdpd; flikahFk;. epiwTiu jdpkdpjdpd; xOf;fnewpNa rKjhaj;jpd; mwnewpahFk;. md;G jhd; ,t;Tyif ,aq;fr;nra;fpwJ.,g;gb jhd; tho Ntz;Lk; vd;W tiuKiwg;gLj;jp tho;tNj tho;tpay; newpahFk;. jdf;F fy;tp fw;gpj;j Mrphpahplk; gz;Gk;>gzpTk; fw;why; jhd; fy;tpia mwnewpahf;fKbAk; vd;gijAk;. jukhd fy;tpahy; Mrphpah; khzth;fSf;fhd cwT epiy vg;gb ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;gij ,yf;fpaq;fs; ekf;F tphpthf vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. goe;jkpohpd; mwq;fshd Nghh; mwk;>thzpg mwk;><if mwk;> murpay; mwk;> tpUe;Njhk;Gk; gz;Gk; vf;fhyj;jpYk; rhd;Nwhh;fs; tPug; gz;Gilath;fs; GfOk; jiyikg;gz;Gilath;fshf jd;id ehb te;jth;fSf;F nfhilj;jpwj;ij toq;fp rKjhaj;jpy; tho;f;if mwnewpapd; ngl;lfkhf ,yf;fpaq;fs; thapyhf tho;e;Js;sdh; vd;gjpy; rpwpJk; Iakpy;iy.


TdLm 267

rpWth; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; mwk;

M.gpurhe;j;

jkpo;j;Jiw> Kidth; gl;l Ma;thsh; G+.rh.Nfh fiy mwptpay; fy;Y}Hp> Nfhit

Kd;Diu mwk; gw;wp kf;fspilNa kpfg; goq;fhye; njhl;L gy;NtW fUj;Jf;fs; epytp tUfpd;wd. tpyq;fpypUe;J NtWgl;L kdpjd; jd;id ‘kdpj’ jd;ikNahL ,izj;Jf; nfhs;s gad;gLk; fUj;Jf;fs; vy;yhk; mwk; rhh;e;jit. mt;twj;ij jk;Ks; Ngzpf;fhg;gJ ,d;wpaikahj xd;whFk;. ,f;fUj;Jf;fs; midj;Jk; ehL, ,dk;> nkhop> fhyk; vd midj;ijAk; fle;J midtUf;Fk; nghJtha; mike;Js;sd. mwj;jhy; tho;thdJ cah;T ngWk; vd;w vz;zj;JzpGk; kdpjuhfpa ehk; vg;gbg;gl;lth;fshf thoNtz;Lk; vd;w vz;zKNk rKjhak; kyh;tjw;Fk;> rKjhaj;jpy; mwf;fUj;Jf;ffs; cyh tUtjw;Fk; mbf;Nfhyha; mike;jdthFk;. fhyk; fhykha; mwf;fUj;Jf;fs; kf;fs; kdjpy; epiyj;jpUg;gpDk; rkfhyj;jpy; rkPgkhf ehl;by; Fw;wq;fs; mjpfhpj;Nj fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,jw;F kpf Kffpakha; miktJ rpWth;fs; kdjpy; mwf;fUj;Jf;fs; rpWtajpNyNa cl;GFj;jhjNjahFk;. ,t;twf;fUj;Jf;ffis rpWth;fSf;F rpWth; ,yf;fpaq;fs; Nghjpf;Fk; gzpapidr; nra;fpd;wd vd;W epWTk; Kfkhf ,t;tha;Tf;fl;Liu mikfpd;wJ. mwk; - tpsf;fk; kf;fs; jq;fs; tho;f;ifapy; filgpbf;f Ntz;ba xOf;fKiwfspd; njhFg;Ng mwk; MFk;. mwk; vd;w nrhy;ypw;F jUkk;> Gz;zpak;> rkak;> Qhdk;> jFjp> mwr;rhiy> Nehd;G> jUkNjtij> akd;> mwnja;tk; vd gy;NtW nghUs;fis jUtij jkpo;g;Ngufuhjp> nre;jkpo; nrhw;gpwg;gpay; NgufuKjyp> jkpo; nyf;rpf;fd; Kjyhd mfuhjpfs; tpsf;fk; jUfpd;wd. cjtp xt;nthU kdpjDk; VNjDk; xU tifapy; gpwUf;F cjtp nra;Jk;> ngw;Wk; tho;fpd;Nwhk;. ,J cjtpapd; ,d;wpaikahikia typAWj;JfpwJ. gpwUf;F cjtp nra;ahky; Nrh;j;J itf;Fk; nghUspdhy;. vg;gaDk; tpisag;Nghtjpy;iy. mg;nghUs; tPzha; mopAk;. Vndd;why; ,t;Tyfpy; epiyaha; vtUk; tho;th; ,yh;. vdNt thOk; fhyj;jpy; gpwUf;Ff; nfhLj;J cjt Ntz;Lk;. ,jid rptgpufhrh; “nfhs;Sk; nfhLk; $w;wk; nfhsthd; FWF jd; Kd; cs;sk; fdpe;J mwk; nra;J ca;jNt – nts;sk; tUtjw;F Kddh; midNfhypitahh; ngUFje; fz; vd nra;thh;> Ngf” (ed;ndwp gh.30) vd;W cjtpia Fwpj;J $wpAs;sik vz;zj;jf;fjhFk;. gad; fUjh cjtp gpwUf;F cjtp nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd vz;Zgth; ve;jnthU gaidAk; vjph;ghuhJ cjtp nra;aNtz;Lk;. mJNt cjtpahf fUjg;gLk;. gad;fUjp nra;Ak; cjtpahdJ cjtpahfhJ ,jid ts;Sth;> “twpahh;f;F nfhd;wPtNj <if kw;nwy;yhq; Fwpnajph;g;ig ePuJilj;J” (Fws; 221) vd;fpwhh;.


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kuk;> nrb> nfhbfs;> epyk;> ePh;> fhw;W> kio vd;W gytifahd ,aw;if rhh;e;j kw;Wk; rhuhj caphpdq;fs; ve;jnthU gyidAk; vjph;ghuhJ ekf;F cjtpGhpfpd;wJ “kuNk kuNk epoy; nfhLj;jha; gR khNl vdf;Fk; ghy; nfhLj;jha; ,uNt mikjp eP nfhLj;jha; jpdk; vj;jid vj;jid ePh; nfhLj;jPh;” (kzf;Fk; G+f;fs; g:33 gh.1-4) MfNt ,aw;ifia Nghy; ehKk; VNjDk; xUtifapy; gpwUf;F cjtpaha; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ njspthfpwJ. caph; Neak; caph; Neak; vd;gJ rf caph;fsplk; md;Gfhl;Ljiyf; $wyhk;. Mrhh;a k`hg;uhf;ah caph;Neaj;ij ‘jh;kk;’ vd;W $Wfpwhh;. (FLk;gKk; NjrKk; g.19). gpwUf;F Jd;gk; mspf;fhky; ,Uj;jy;> ,ayhjth;fspd; Jd;gj;ijg; Nghf;Fjy;> ,yfpa ,jaKk;> ,uf;f RghtKk;> nfhz;bUj;jy; vd;Wk; $wyhk;. <uhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng ek; Kd;Ndhh;fs; kdpjNeaj;Jld; nray;gl;Ls;sikia fzpad; G+q;Fd;wdhhpd; “ahJk; CNu ahtUk; Nfsph;” vd;w thp ekf;Fg; Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. mjd; gpd;G “thba gapiuf; fz;lNghnjy;yhk; thbNdd;” vd;w ts;syhhpd; thpahdJ kPz;Lk; kdpj Neaj;ij epidTgLj;Jfpd;wJ. ekf;F njhpe;jth;fsplj;J (m) mwpKfkhdth;fsplj;J nrYj;Jk; Neak; md;ghFk;. ekf;F njhlh;gpy;yhj njhpahj eghplj;Jk;> caphpdq;fsplj;Jk; nrYj;Jk; Neak; fUizahFk;. ,f;fUiz czh;tpid jhj;jhth Ntz;lhk; vd;Dk; rpWth; ehtypy; rpWtd; rha;Fkhhpd; thapyhf Mrphpah; ntspg;gLj;Jfpwhh;. xU ehs; kiog; nga;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ntisapy; Kdq;fy; rj;jk; Nfl;L jhj;jhTk;> rha;FkhUk; ntspNa tUfpd;wdh;. kioapy; eide;J Fsphpy; eLq;fpagb ,Ue;j ehapid ,UtUk; fhz;fpd;wdh; rpWtd; rha;Fkhh; mjd; kPJ ,uf;fk; nfhz;L vLf;f Kw;gLfpd;whd;. jhj;jh mtidj; jLj;J epWj;Jfpwhh;. “jhj;jh” mijg; ghh;j;jh ghtkh ,Uf;F. khbg;gb tistpy; gLf;fitf;fyhNk? vd;fpwhd; rha;. mJ njU eha;> fz;Z> tPl;Lf;Fs;Ns Nrh;j;jh Neha;jhd; tUk;. cdf;F NtZkhdhy; khkhfpl;l nrhy;yp> GRGRd;D ,Uf;FNk me;j khjphp ghk Nudpad; thq;fpaDg;gr; nrhy;Nwd; tsh;f;fyhk;. vd;whh; jhj;jh. mnjy;yhk; Ntzlhk;. ghtk; ,J ek;k tPLj;Njb te;jpUf;F ,ijf; Fspuy tpul;bl;L vq;fpUe;Njh xU ehiaf; nfhz;L te;J tsh;f;fyhk;D nrhy;ywPq;fNs jhj;jh” vd;whd;. (jhj;jhth Ntz;lhk; g.47) ,q;F rpWtd; rha;Fkhh; caph;fs; kPJ ,uf;f czh;T nfhz;ltdhf jpfo;fpd;whd;. Mdhy; mijf; fw;Wf; nfhLf;f Ntz;ba nghpath;fs; mijr;nra;ahky; Vw;wj;jho;it mth;fs; kdjpy; tpijf;Fk; Kfkhf nray;gLfpd;wdh; ,J jtwhd topfhl;LjyhFk;. MfNt rhapd; jhj;jhitg;Nghy; my;yhky; rpWtd; rhapd; kdk; midtUf;Fk; tUjy; Ntz;Lk;. kjpEl;gk; xUth; typik tha;e;jtuhf tpsq;fNtz;Lnkdpy; mth; rpwe;j MSik gz;ig cilatuhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thSikahdJ xUth; nray;ghl;bd; %yKk;> mr;nray;ghl;bdhy; gpwpNjhh; mile;j gyidAk; itj;Nj jPh;khdpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jw;F kjp El;gk; kpfTk; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. kjpEl;gj;Jld; nray;gLk; egh; vj;jifa ,ilA+Wfs; Mgj;Jfs; NehpbDk; mjid xU nghUl;lhf nfhs;shJ jkJ mwpTj;jpwikahy; mjpypUe;j tpLgLth;. Gypaplk; khl;bf; nfhz;l %jhl;b jkJ kjpjEl;gj;jpdhy; ntspte;j jpwj;ij ‘Gypabr;rhd; ghl;b’ fij $WfpwJ. Gypabr;rhd; ghl;bapd; ngah; ‘nghd;dk;kh’ KWf;F tpahghhp KWf;F RLtjpy; ifNjh;ejth;. ,tuJ KWf;fpd; Rit rpdpkhJiwiaAk; tpl;L tpltpy;iy. mjdhy; ngUk;GfOk; ghuhl;Lk; Ftpe;jtz;zk; ,Ue;jd. xUehs; jpUkz epfo;tpw;fhf KWf;fpid mlh;e;j fhl;L topapy; vLj;Jr; nry;Yk;NghJ Gypaplk; mfgl;Lf; nfhs;fpwhs;. GypahdJ


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KWf;;fpd; kzj;jpw;F mbikg;gl;L tpLfpwJ> midj;ijAk; cz;fpwJ. KWf;fpd; Ritapy; mfg;gl;Lf; nfhz;l Gyp ghl;bia rpiw itf;fpd;wJ. rpwJ fhyk; nrd;;w gpwF Chpw;Fr; nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;W $w mjw;F Gypapd; jiytd; eP ,q;F ,Uf;Fk; vq;fs; ,dj;jpw;F ,f;fiyia fw;Wf; nfhLj;J tpl;Lr; nry; vd;W $WfpwJ. ghl;b ,J jhd; re;jh;gk; vd;W vz;zp jkJ mwpTj;jpwj;jhy;> “KWf;F Rl fw;Wf; nfhs;tJ mtrpak;D ePq;f epidr;rhy; vy;yhg; GypfNshl if fhy; efq;fisAk; ntl;b tpl clNd cj;juT NghLq;f efkpy;yh tpl;lhy; vy;yhg; GypfshYk; vspjhf KWf;F Rw;wyhk;” vd;W $Wfpwhs;. (I];fphPk; khL g.50) Gypap;d; jiytd; mjw;F cld;gl;L midj;J Gypfspd; efq;fisAk; ntl;l cj;jutpLfpwJ. mjw;F gpwF Gypf;F gyk; thae;jitahf cs;sit gy;. mg;gy;iyAk; jkJ KWf;fpd; typikiaf; nfhz;Nl cilf;f jpl;lk; jPl;bdhs;. ,g;NghJ Jzpr;ryhf Gypaplk; nry;tjhf $Wfpwhs;. Gypahy; xd;W nra;a Kbatpy;iy. ve;jnthU rydKk; ,d;wp jkJ ,y;yk; jpUk;Gfpwhs;. Nkw;fz;lit midj;Jk; fw;gid vd;w NghjpYk; rpWth;fSf;F mwpit gad;glj;j Ntz;ba KiwiaAk; ,lh;ghLfs; Nehpbd; mr;rkaj;jpy; nghWikahf rpe;jpj;J nray;gLNthNkahdhy; jd;id #o;e;Js;s rpf;fy; vd;w tiyapy; ,Ue;J jhNk tpLgl;Lf; nfhs;s KbAk; vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ. Mf;fg;G+h;tkhd Nghl;b Nghl;b vd;gJ xd;wpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l Ml;fs; FOf;fs; ehLfs; Nghd;wit epyk;> gjtp> tsq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw miltjw;fhf NghuhLtijf; Fwpf;Fk;. moFg; Nghl;b> MAjg;Nghl;b> tpsiahl;Lg; Nghl;b> murpay; Nghl;b> ,yf;fpag;Nghl;b> ghl;Lg;Nghl;b> vdg; Nghl;bfs; gy tifg;gLk;. Nghl;bfs; Fwpj;J gl;bkd;wq;fshfNth> tpthjq;fshfNth> gs;sp fy;Y}hp Nkilfspy; rkPg fhyq;fspy; mjpfk; Ngrg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. ,jw;Ff; fhuzk; Nghl;b xUth; kdjpy; ed;ikia Vw;gLj;Jfpwjh my;yJ jPikia Vw;gLj;Jfpwjh vd;gijg; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;sNtahFk;. Vnddpy; epyTilik rKjhaj;jpd; njhlf;f fhy Kjy; ,d;W tiuapYk; ehk; xUtiu xUth; rhh;e;Jk; mbikg;gl;Lk; mbikg;gLj;jpAk; tho;e;J tUfpNwhk;. ,jw;F Nghl;bNa fhuzkhFk;. Nghl;bapLk; egh; vjpuzpapy; cs;Nshiu vjphpahf vz;zpf;nfhs;tNj Nghl;bNa Ntz;lhk; vd;Nghhpd; $w;whFk;. ftpQh; nry;y fzgjp Nghl;bahdJ vg;gb ,Uf;f Ntz;;Lk; vd;gij> “Nghl;bapy;iyNay; ntw;wp Vjlh Nghl;b Ntz;LNk tho;tpNy! Nghl;b Nghlyhk; Mf;fg;G+h;tkha; Nghl;b ed;ikia Nrh;f;FNk!” (rpj;jpur;Nrhiy g.43 gh.1-4) Nghl;bahdJ ek;kplk; cs;s Mw;wiy ntspf;nfhzuNtahFk;. ,J Mf;fg;G+h;tkhfTk; MNuhf;fpakhfTk; ,Uj;jy; eyk;. Nghl;bapy; Njhw;Nwhh; ntw;wpaile;Njhiu vjphpahfg; ghtpf;fhky; ,UgFjpfis ,izf;Fk; ghykha; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. KbTiu • midj;J mfhujpfSk; gy;NtW ngah;fspy;> nghUs; juj;jf;f tifapy; mwk; Fwpj;j

fUj;ij gjptpl;Ls;sd. • gpwUf;F cjTjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;ZNthh; ve;jnthU gpujpgyidAk; vjph;ghuhky;

cjTk; kdg;ghd;ikia tsh;j;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. • rpWth;fs; vg;NghJk; jk;ik tpl %j;NjhhplNk mjpfkhf fw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. MfNt

mth;fSf;F ew;rpe;jidia Cl;l Ntz;Lk;. ,JNt ekJ Kjy; flikahFk;. • xU nray; ntw;wp Njhy;tp miltjw;F me;eghpd; vz;zKk; nraYNk mbg;gilf; fhuzk;.

MfNt ehk; kpf El;gj;Jld; nghWikaha; rpe;jpf;f gofpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.


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ghh;it E}y;fs; 1. jpUf;Fws; - K.t. ciu 2. kzf;Fk; G+f;fs; - nry;yfzgjp 3. rpj;jpur;Nrhiy - nry;yfzgjp 4. ed;ndwp - rptg;gpufhrk; 5. I];fphPk; khL - Nutjp 6. ts;syhh; - jpUtUl;gh 7. jhj;jhth Ntz;lhk; - Nutjp


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ehybahhpy; tho;tpay; newpfs;

ng.Gdpjh

jkpoha;Tj;Jiw> cjtpg;Nguhrphpah; = tp[a; tpj;ahyhah fiy(k) mwptpay; fy;Y}hp> jUkGhp

Kd;Diu kdpj tho;tpaypd; rpwe;j xOf;f epiyapidAk;> mwj;jpd; ,ay;gpidAk; ehybahh; czh;j;JfpwJ. tho;tpidr; nrk;ikg;gLj;j cjTk; ,yf;fpaq;fshf ,d;W tpsq;Ffpd;wd. tpz;zsT cah;e;J kdpjd; tho tpUk;Gfpwhd;. tpz;Zyf tho;it ,k;kz;ZyfpYk; ngwyhk;. mj;jifa tho;tpid miltjw;F mtd; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba tho;f;if KiwapidAk; rKjha xOf;fq;fisAk; vLj;Jf; $Wk; rpwg;G mw ,yf;fpaq;fs;. ,t;tpyf;fpaq;fs; kdpjid ey;topg;gLj;JtJld; xOf;fj;jpidf; fl;bf;fhf;f cjTfpwJ. ,t;tifg;gl;l mw E}y;fspy; ehybahh; jiyrpwe;J tpsq;FfpwJ. xUth; kw;wth;fSf;F cjTk; Nehf;fpy; miktJ ‘mwk;’ vd;gh;. mt;tif mwq;fis khe;jh;fSf;F top topaha; toq;FtNj mw ,yf;fpaq;fs;> kf;fs; vt;tifg;gl;l mwq;fisf; filgpbj;J tho;f;if Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gij vLj;jpak;GfpwJ. E}y;; tuthW ehybahh; rkz Kdpth;fshy; ,aw;wg;ngw;wJ. ,J xU ePjp E}y;. ehDhW ntz;ghf;fis cilaJ. ‘ehyb ehD}W’ vd;w kw;nwhU ngah; ,jw;F cz;L. jpUf;Fwspidg; NghyNt mwk;>nghUs;>,d;gk; vDk; Kg;gphpTfisg; nfhz;ljhf mikfpwJ. “MYk;> NtYk; gy;Yf;F cWjp ehYk; ,uz;Lk; nrhy;Yf;F cWjp” ,g;gonkhop ehybahhpd; ngUikiaf; fhl;LtNjhL jpUf;Fwspd; rpwg;igAk; czh;j;jp epw;fpwJ. ‘ehY’ vd;gJ ehybahiuAk; ‘,uz;L’ vd;gJ jpUf;FwisAk; czh;j;Jfpd;wJ. Nkd;ikahd czh;TfisAk; >fUj;JfisAk; vLj;Jf; $Wtdthf mike;Js;s mw ,yf;fpak; vd;gij> ‘goF jkpo;r; nrhy; mUik ehypuz;by;’ vd;gjd; %yk; mwpayhk;. el;Gnewp tho;tpy; ey;topg; gLj;jp ed;ndwpf;F ,Oj;Jr; nry;git el;Ng. ehybahh; el;gpd; ,yf;fzj;ijAk; ngUikapidAk; gyghly;fspy; ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. ez;gd; xUtd; ekf;Fj; JNuhfk; nra;jhYk; mjw;Ff; fhuzk; ek;Kila Kd;tpidNa gad; vd;W vz;zy; Ntz;Lk;. mij tpLj;J ez;gid ntWj;J xJf;Fjy; vd;gJ Njitaw;wr; nrayhFk;. el;gpdhy; cz;lhFk; ,d;dy;fisAk; nghWj;jUs Ntz;Lk;. mJ kdpjdpd; gz;gd;Nwh! vd;Dk; cahpa Nehf;fpid vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. ,jid, “eha;f;fhw; rpWtpuy;Nghy; ed;fzpa uhapDk; <f;fhy; JizAk; cjthjhh; el;ngd;dhk;? Nra;j;jhDQ; nrd;W nfhsy; Ntz;Lk;, nra;tpisf;Fk; tha;f;fh yidahh; njhlh;G” . (ehybahh;-218) ehapd; fhy;fspy; cs;s rpwpa tpuy;fs; ,ilntspapd;wp neUq;fpapUf;Fk;. ,J Nghy ed;whf neUq;fpg; gofpdhYk;, <apd; rpWfhy; msT$l cjtp nra;ahjth;fspd; el;gpdhy; gad; ,y;iy.


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tha;f;fhy; top Xb tay;fspNy gha;e;J mitfspNy jhdpaq;fis tpisar; nra;fpd;w jz;zPh;, tha;f;fhy; Nghd;wth;fspd; el;igNa Njbf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mth;fs; njhiy J}uj;jpy; ,Ue;jhYk; Njbf; nfhz;LNgha; mth;fSila el;igg; ghul;l Ntz;Lk;. ez;gh;fsplk; neUq;fpg; goFk; jd;ikia ehapd;fhy; tpuy;fSf;F,rpwpa cjtpf;F <apd;fhYk; nghWj;jkhf fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. vj;jifa cwTfs; ,Ue;jhYk; jiyrpwe;j cwT el;GwNt vd;gJ midtuhYk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l xd;whFk;. ,d;dh nra;ahik ,d;dy;fs; nra;jth;fNs Nkydth;fs;. xUth; kw;nwhUth; Nky; gif nfhz;L Jd;gk; nra;jhYk; mtiug; gopthq;Fk; vz;zk; nfhz;lth;fshf ,Uf;f khl;lhh;fs; rhd;Nwhh;fs;.Jd;gk; nra;jth;fs; jk; nraYf;F ntl;fg;gLk; gbNa ed;ik nra;gth;fs; rhd;Nwhh;fs; vd;gJ Gyg;gLfpwJ. “$h;j;Jeha; nfstpf; nfhsf;fz;Lk; jk;thaw; Ngh;j;Jeha; nfstpdhh; <q;fpy;iy- ePh;j;jd;wpf; fPo;kf;fs; fPoha nrhy;ypaf;fhw; nrhy;gNth Nkd;kf;fs; jk;thahy; kPl;L” . (ehybahh;-70) eha; fbj;Jtpl;lhy; me;j ehapidj; jpUk;g fbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; ahUf;Fk; tuhJ. mJ Nghy nfl;l FzKila kdpjh;fs; rpy ey;y Fz Kila kdpjh;fs; kPJ nghwhik nfhz;L gopr;nrhy; $wpg; NgRthh;fs;. mwptpNy rpwe;jth;fs; vjph;j;Jg; Ngrhky; xJq;fpr; nry;Yk; ,ay;gpid cilath;fshf ,Ug;gh; vDk; cahpa ed;ndwp gfh;tij mwpayhk;. nry;tj;jpd; gad; xU kdpjd; jd;Dila ed;ikf;fhf kl;Lk; nry;tk; Nrh;g;gij ehybg; ghly;fs; ntWj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. cwtpdh; Chpdh; ehl;bdh; ed;ikf;fhfNt nghUs; Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;;; vd;W gy ghly;fspy; czh;j;Jfpd;wdh; rkz Kdpth;. ‘’gfL ele;j $o; gy;yhNuhL cz;f’’ (ehybahh;-6) Vh; cOJ ngw;w nry;tj;ijg; gyNuhLk; gfph;e;J cz;z Ntz;Lk;. “Mw;wg; ngUk; nghUs; itj;jPh; toq;Fkpd;’’ (ehybahh;-6) kpfTk; epiwe;j nry;tj;ijr; Nrh;j;J itj;jpUf;fpd;wth;fs;! Mitfis twpath;fSf;Ff; nfhLq;fs;.mwk; ngUf jh;kk; nra;f vd typAWj;JfpwJ. “J}a;j;Jf; fopahd;,JwNthh;f;F xd;W <fyhd; itj;Jf; fopAk; klNthd’’ (ehybahh;-273) jhDk; mDgtpj;Jf; fopf;fky; nry;tk; mw;w twpNahh;f;Fk; nfhLj;J cjthky;;;; nghUisr; Nrh;j;J itj;Jtpl;L ,wg;ghd; mwptw;wtd;. vd;W $WfpwJ ehybahh;. nry;tj;ijr; Nrh;j;J itj;J ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gtDk;> rkkhdth;fs; vd;gij> “vdnjd njd;wpUf;Fk; Vio nghUis vdnjd njd;wpUg;gd; ahDk;:- jdjhapd; jhDk; mjid toq;fhd; gad;Jt;thd; ahDk; mjid mJ” (ehybahh;-273) ,g;ghly; czh;j;JfpwJ. mwptpy;yhjtd; jhd; Nrh;j;J itj;jpUf;Fk; nry;tj;ij “vd;DilaJ,vd;DilaJ” vd;W epidj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;ghd;. mtidg; NghyNt toq;fhkYk; mDgtpf;fhkYk; itj;jpUg;gtDila nry;tk; mtDf;F chpaJ md;W vd;gij czh;j;JfpwJ. fy;yhjhd; ,opepiy fy;tp fw;fhky; kuk; Nghy; ePz;L tsh;e;j xUtd; ey;y mwpQh;fs; eLtpNy GFe;J nky;y cl;fhh;e;jpUe;jhYk;, xU eha; cl;fhh;e;jpUg;gJ Nghy MFk; mikjpahf ,Uf;fhky; VNjDk;


TdLm 273

nrHy;yj; njhlq;fp tpLthdhapd;, eha; Fiuj;jJ Nghy MfptpLk;. ; “fhy;yhJ ePz;l xUtd; cyfj;J ey;ywp ths hpilg;Gf;F –nky;y ,Ug;gpDk; ehapUe; jw;Nw, ,uh mJ ,Ug;gpDk; eha; Fiuj; jw;W” (ehybahh;-254) vd;W ,r;nra;As; %lid eha;fF xg;gpl;lJ. mtd; NgRtij eha; Fiug;gjw;F xg;ghf ciuj;jJ. eha; Fiug;gjpYk; nghUs; ,Uf;fhJ ntWk; xyp jhd; cz;L. mJ Nghy fy;yhjd; nrhw;fspYk; nghUs; ,uhJ ntWk; Xir jhd; epuk;gpapUf;Fk;. fy;tp newp fy;tp vd;gJ xUtid mwpTilNahdhf khw;Wk; fUtp, kf;fspd; mwpahikiaAk;,gpwtpg;gpzpiaAk; Nghf;Fk; fUtpahfTk; nray;gLfpwJ. mj;jifaf; fy;tpapd; rpwg;gpidr; nrt;tNd tpsf;Ftjhf mikfpwJ. kdpjh;fshf thOk; NghJ tho;tpdpy; xUtDf;F vy;yhk; ,Ue;Jk; fy;tp kl;Lk; ,y;iynadpy;;: mt;tho;tpw;F rpwg;gy;y vdyhk;.vdNt fy;tpapd; rpwg;gpid czh;e;J thoNtz;Lk; vd;Dk; newpapid czh;j;JfpwJ.fy;tp vd;gJ kdpjdpd; tho;tpdpy; vy;yh Jd;gq;fSf;Fk; fhuzkhd mwpahik vd;Dk; kaf;fj;jpid jPh;f;Fk;, NkYk; fy;tpia gpwFf;Ff; fw;gpj;jyhy; Fiwnahd;Wk; tUtjpy;iy mjd; fhuzkhf mwpTj;jpwDk; GfOk; NkNyhq;Fk;. fy;tp vd;gJ vy;iyaw;wJ fw;wthpd; tho; ehl;fs; Xu; vy;iyAs; mlq;FtJ. ePiug; gphpj;J tpl;L J}a;ikahf ghiy kl;Lk; cz;zf;$ba gwitiag;Nghy mwpQh;fs; ey;y E}y;fis Muha;e;J fy;tp fw;ghh;fs; vd;Dk; fy;tp newpapid czh;j;Jtij, “fy;tp fiuapy fw;gth; ehs;rpy nky;y epidf;fpd; gpzpgy –njs;spjpd; Muha;e; jikTila fw;gNt ePnuhopag; ghYz; FUfpd; njhpe;J” (ehybahh; -135) ,g;ghlypd; thapyhf mwpayhfpwJ. NkYk; xUtUf;F rpwg;Gld; mike;jpUf;Fk; jiyKbapd; moFk;, kQ;rs; G+rpdhy; Vw;gl;l kq;fyfukhd moFk;, rpwe;j moF my;y. ehk; ek; kdjstpy; ,t;Tyfpy; ey;ytuha; ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;w cz;ikahd xOf;fj;ij czh;j;Jk; fy;tpaoNf ,t;Tyfpy; mofhFk; vd;W ciuf;fpwJ, “FQ;rp aoFk; nfhLe;jhidf; Nfhl;loFk; kQ;rs; moFk; mofy;y –neQ;rj;J ey;yk;ahk; vd;Dk; eLT epiyikahy; fy;tp moNf moF” (ehybahh;-131) ,g;ghly; fy;tpapd; ngUikia czh;j;Jtij mwpag;gLfpwJ. tho;tpay; newpKiwfs; kdpj tho;tpay; newpKiwfshf, • nghiwAilik • gpwh;kid eatik • <if • nka;k;;ik • jPtpid mr;rk; • mwd; typAWj;jy;


TdLm 274

Mfpa ,it midj;Jk; kdpj tho;Tf;Fk; tsh;r;rpf;Fk;, chpa newpKiwfshk;. md;G cs;sj;NjhL mwk; Fiwahky; midj;J ,d;gq;fisAk; ngw;Wr; rpwg;Gw;W tho;tNj itaj;Js; tho;thq;F thOk; tho;tpay; newpahFk;. <if newp ,y;yhjth;f;F ,uf;fg;gl;L nfhLg;gNj <ifahFk;. kw;wth;fsplk; VjhtJ xd;iw vjph;ghh;j;Jf; nfhLg;gJ <ifahfhJ. gpwUf;F nfhLj;J cjTk; FzKilath;fs; cah;e;j FzKilath;fspd; el;G kpfTk; Nghw;Wtjw;F chpajhFk;. ,f;Fzk; gilj;jth;fs; kdjstpy; kpf;f ,uf;fFzk; cilath;fshapUg;gh;. Mdhy; ew;Fzk; ,y;yhjth;fs; vg;gbg;gl;l R+oypYk; gpwUf;F cjTk; vz;zk; nfhz;lth;fshf ,Uf;f khl;lhh;fs;, mth;fspd; nraYk; jPajhfNt ,Uf;Fk;.vdNt ehk; kw;wth;fSf;F nfhLj;J cjTfpd;NwhNkh ,y;iyNah gpwUf;F kdjstpYk; jPik nra;af;$lhJ vd;W vz;z Ntz;Lk;. rpwpa msT mhprpahf ,Ue;jhYk; mij cs;s epiwNthL ahrpj;J tUgth;fSf;F ehk; nfhLj;Jtpl;L cz;z Ntz;Lk;. rikg;gjw;fhf te;j cztpw;F ahrpj;J ,Ug;gth;fs; Kw;gpwtpapy; kw;wth;fSf;F nfhLj;J cjthjth;fs; vd;W mwpQh; ngUkf;fs; $Wth;. “,k;kp ahrpj;J JizahDk; itfYk; Ek;kpy; ,iat nfhLj;Jz;kpd;-ck;ikf; Nfhlhm jtnud;gh; Fz;LePh; itaj;(J) Mlhm mLg;gp dth;” (ehybahh;-94) ,g;ghly; <ifapd; rpwg;gpid vLj;jpak;GfpwJ. KbTiu mw ,yf;fpaq;fspy; ehybahh; kpfTk; Nkd;ikahd rpe;jidfisAk;, fUj;Jf;fisAk; nfhz;l E}yhf tpsq;FfpwJ. ,jpy; el;G newpahdJ ey;yjhfTk;, mstpy; rpwe;jth;fNshL el;G ghuhl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk;, tho;tpdpy; mwq;fs; gytw;iw Nkw;nfhz;L gpwtpg; gaid milAk; topfisAk;, ,t;Tyfpy; jiyr;rpwe;j nry;tkhd fy;tpr; nry;tj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk;, <ifapd; rpwg;Gf;fisAk; njs;sj; njspthf vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. kdpj khz;Gfspd; nrt;tpaw; gz;Gfis epiy epWj;Jk; E}yhf ehybahh; tpsq;FfpwJ. tho;tpy;el;G,fy;tp Nghd;wtw;wpd; mtrpaj;ijAk;, ,d;dh nra;jy; $lhJ gpwUf;F nfhLj;J cjt Ntz;Lk; vd;w cahpa rpe;jidiag; giwr;rhw;Wk; tpjkhf ,t;tpyf;fpak; mike;Js;sJ.


TdLm 275

jpUf;Fwspy; mwnewpfs;

M.kPdh Kidtu; gl;l Ma;thsu; (KO Neuk;) jkpo;j;Jiw

muR kfspu; fiyf;fy;Y}up> fpU~;zfpup

Kd;Diu mwE}y; $Wk; mwq;fs; vy;yhtw;wpYk; rpwe;jJ cz;Zk; czit grpj;j capu;fs; vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; gfpu;e;J nfhLj;J cz;z Ntz;Lk; vd;w mwnewp fUj;Jf;fis tpsf;Ftjhf ,t;tha;Tf; fl;Liu mike;Js;sJ. mwj;jpd; rpwg;ig typAWj;jy;: mwk; kf;fSf;F tPL Ngw;iwAk; Rtu;f;fk; Kjypa nry;tj;ij jUk; mjdhy; mwj;ijtpl cau;T jUtJ NtW ,y;iy. rpwg;G<Dk; nry;tKk; <Dk; mwj;jpd;Cq;F Mf;fk; vdNth capu;f;F (Fws;-31) vd jpUts;Stu; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. kdpjd; mwk; nra;tijtpl NtW ey;y nray; ,y;iy. mwj;ij kwe;jhy; mijtpl NfL jUk; NtW nraYk; ,y;iy. kf;fs; mwr;nraiy epWj;jhky; jk;khy; KbAk; topfspy; vy;yhk; nra;Ak; ,lj;jpw;Nfw;g mwr;nray;fis nra;a Ntz;Lk;. xUtd; kdjpy; Fw;wk; ,y;yhky; ,wg;gNj mwkhFk;. nghwhik> Mir> Nfhgk;> fLQ;nrhy; Mfpa ehd;F jPikahd Fzq;fis tpl;L ntWj;J mtw;iw ePf;fp nra;tNj mwkhFk;. mwj;jpd; gad; ,Jjhd; vd;W czu ahUk; Ntz;Ltjpy;iy. gy;yf;ifr; Rkg;gtidAk; mjDs; nry;gtidAk; ghu;j;J mwg;gaid czu;e;J nfhs;syhk;. mwj;jhW ,Jvd Ntz;lh rptpif nghWj;jhNdh Cu;e;jhd; ,il (Fws;-37) vd mwj;jpd; rpwg;gpid jpUts;Stu; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. xU kdpjd; jd; tho;ehspy; ehs;NjhWk; mwj;ij ,iltplhky; nra;jhy; mJ mtdJ gpwg;G ,wg;G Mfpa topapid milf;Fk; jLg;Gr;Rtuhf ,Uf;Fk;. xUtd; nra;a Ntz;baJ ew;nray;fNs. tpl;Ltpl Ntz;baJ jPar;nray;fNs. nraw;ghyJ xUk; mwNd xUtw;F caw;ghy NjhUk; gop vd (Fws;-40) jpUts;Stu; mwd; typaWj;jy; rpwg;G Fwpj;J tpsf;fpAs;shu;. ,y;tho;;f;if ,y;ywj;ij elj;Jgtd; mwtopapy; cs;s gpukrup> thdgpuj;jd;> Jwtp Mfpa %tUf;Fk; ey;y topj;Jiz Mthd;. ghJfhg;gpy; ,Ue;J iftplg;gl;ltu;fSf;Fk; tWik cw;wtu;fSf;Fk; Jizapy;yhky; jd;dplk; te;J ,we;jtu;fSf;Fk; ,y;ywj;jhNd Jiz Mthd;. ,y;ywj;jpy; ,Ug;gtDf;F jdJ Kd;Ndhu; nja;tk;. tpUe;jpdu;> Rw;wj;jhu; jhd; vd;Dk; ItUf;Fk; nra;Ak; flikapidr; nra;tNj rpwg;ghFk;. ,y;tho;thd; vd;ghd; ,ay;Gila %tu;;f;Fk; ey;yhw;wpd; epd;w Jiz. (Fws;-41) Jwe;jhu;f;Fk; Jt;th jtu;f;Fk; ,we;jhu;f;Fk; ,y;tho;thd; vd;ghd; Jiz. (Fws;-42) vd ,y;tho;f;ifapy; mwj;jpid gw;wp jpUts;Stu; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.


TdLm 276

ed;dlj;ij filg;gpbj;jy; ed;dlj;ij ngUik jUtjhy; me;j ed;dlj;ij capupDk; Nkyhf fhg;ghw;w Ntz;Lk;. gFj;jwpTld; Muha;e;J ghu;j;jhy; xOf;FNk tho;f;ifj; JizahFk; mJ nflhky; Jzpe;J fhg;ghw;w Ntz;Lk;. ed;dlj;ij cilatu; ew;Fb kf;fs;> ed;dlj;ij ,oe;jtu; ,ope;j gpwg;gpduhtu;. mjdhy; ed;dlj;ij jtwpdhy; Fw;wk; cz;lhFk; vd;gij mwpe;J kdtypik cilatu;fs; xOf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J jtwkhl;lhu;fs;. ,jid jpUts;Stu; xOf;fk; tpOg;gk; juyhd; xOf;fk; capupDk; Xk;gg; gLk; (Fws;-131) xOf;fj;jpd; xy;fhu; cuNthu; ,Of;fj;jpd; Vjk; gLghf;F mwpe;J (Fws;- 136) vd Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. gpwd;kid eathik mwtopapy; ,y;tho;f;if elj;Jgtd; gpwd; kidtpapd; ngz;ikia xUeh&k; tpUk;gkhl;lhd;. gpwd; kidtpia kdJs; epidf;fhj Nguhz;ikNa mwpTila ngupNahUf;F mwk; kw;Wk; rpwe;j xOf;fk; MFk;. gpwd; kidtpapd; Njhisr; Nruhjtd; fly; #o;e;j ,t;Tyfpy; vy;yhk; ed;ikfisAk; milthd;. xUtd; mwj;jpd; vy;iyia mwpahky; gy jPikfisr; nra;jhYk; gpwd; vy;iyapy; epw;Fk; ngz;ikia tpUk;ghJ ey;yJ vd mwpthd; mwzpayhd; ,y;tho;thd; vd;ghd; gpwdpahyhd; ngd;ik eath jtd; (Fws;- 147) gpwd;kid Nehf;fh Nguhz;ik rhd;Nwhu;f;F mwndhd;Nwh Md;w xOf;F (Fws;- 148) gpwdJ ,y;yhis tpUk;ghik mwj;jpd; top elj;Jjiy jpUts;SStu; tpsf;fpAs;shu;. nghwhik nfhs;shjpUj;jy; mwtopapy; nrd;W nry;tj;ij Nru;f;fhjtd; gpwu; ,lk; nry;tj;ij fz;L nghwhik milthd;. mt;thW nra;ahjpUj;jNy mwkhFk;. gpwu; tho;it fz;L nghwhik nfhs;gtd; ,lk; ,Ue;J jpUkfs; ePq;fp> %Njtpia eP ,tdplk; Ngha;tpL vd;W jpUkfs; tpLg;ghs;. xUtd; nghwhik Fzkhfpa ghtr;nray; nry;tj;ij mopj;J mtid Jd;gj;jpy; Mo;j;jptpLk;. nghwhik cs;std; ngw;w nry;tj;ijAk;> ed;dlj;ijAiltd; mile;j Nfl;ilAk; epidj;jhy; mtd; gpwtp gad; vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. mwd; Mf;fk; Ntz;lhjhd; vd;ghd;gpwdhf;fk; NgdhJ mOf;fhWg; ghd; (Fws; - 163) vd nghwhik nfhs;shjpUj;jy; gw;wp tpsf;fpAs;shu;. gpwu; nghUis tpUk;ghik mwr;nrayhy; tUk; epiyahd ,d;gj;ij tpUk;Gtu; epiyaw;w nry;t ,d;gj;ij tpUk;gp gpwUf;F nfLjy; nra;akhl;lhu;. mUistpUk;gp mwtopiag; gw;Wgtd; gpwu; nghUis tpUk;gp jPa topia nrd;why; nfl;LtpLthd;. jpUkfs; mwtopia mwpe;J gpwu; nghUis tpUk;ghjtupd; jpwkwpe;J mtiu jpUkfs; tpiue;J milths;. mUs;nt/fp Mw;wpd;fz; epd;whd; nghUs;nt/,g; nghy;yhj #of; nfLk; (Fws;-176)


TdLm 277

mwd; mwpe;J nt/fh mwpTilahu;r;NrUk; jpwd; mwpe;J Mq;NfjpU (Fws;- 179) gpwu; nghUis tpUk;ghik mwk; topapy; tho;tij gw;wp tpsf;fpAs;shu;. Gwq;$whik xUtd; mwr;nraiyr; nrhy;yhky; ghtj;ijr; nra;jhYk; gpwdJ Fw;wk; gw;wp mtd; ,y;yhj nghOJ gop $whJ ,Ug;gJ ey;yJ. xUtd; ,y;yhnghOJ mtid ,opthfTk; cs;snghOJ ,dpjhfg; ngha;r; rpupg;Gld; NgRtJk; mwj;ij mopj;Jg; ghtq;fisr; nra;tijtplf; nfhbaJ. gpwd; xUtidf; fhzhj nghOJ ,fo;e;Jk; fz;l nghOJ ngha;ahfg; Gfo;e;J Ngrp capu; tho;tijtpl rhjy; Mwg;gadhfpa Mf;fj;ij nfhLf;Fk;. mwk; $whd;my;y nrapDk; xUtd; Gwk;$whd; vd;wy; ,dpJ (Fws; - 181) Gwq;$wpg; ngha;jJcapu; tho;jypd; rhjy; mwk; $Wk; Mf;fk;jUk; (Fws; - 183) vd ,y;yhjtu; Fiwiaj; J}w;whik gw;wp tpsf;fpAs;shu;. nfhy;yhik gpw capupidf; nfhy;yhky; ,Uj;jNy mwr;nrayhFk;. capupid mopg;gtu;fSf;F vy;yhj; jPikfSk; cz;lhFk;. mwE}y; $Wk; mwq;fs; vy;yhtw;wpYk; rpwe;jJ cz;Zk; czitg; grpj;j capu;fs; vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; gfpu;e;J nfhLj;J cz;z Ntz;Lk;. xUtDf;F ey;yJ vJ vd;why; gpw capu;fisf; nfhy;yhjpUg;gJ> mij rhu;e;J ey;yhjhf cs;sJ ngha; Ngrhky; ,Uj;jy;. ey;top vJntd;why; gpw capu;fis nfhy;yhkNyNa ey;ywj;ij tsu;g;gJ ey;topahFk;. mwtpid ahnjdpy; nfhy;yhik Nfhwy; gpwtpid vy;yhk; jUk; (Fws; - 321) gFj;Jcz;L gy;Y}apu; Xk;Gjy; E}Nyhu; njhFj;jtw;Ws; vy;yhk; jiy (Fws; - 322) gpw capu;fisf; nfhiy nra;ahik mwj;jpd; top epw;gJ Fwpj;J tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. rhd;Nwhupd; el;G mwj;jpid mwpe;j %jwpQupd; el;ig Ma;e;J mwpe;J kjpj;J mtuJ MNyhrid Vw;Wf; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. mwd;mwpe;J %j;j mwpTilahu; Nfz;ik jpwd; mwpe;JNju;e;J nfhsy; (Fws; - 441) vd mwj;jpid mwpe;j mwpQu; Jiz Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. KbTiu kdpjd; mwk; nra;tij tpl NtW ey;y nray; ,y;iy. mwj;ij kwe;jhy; mijtpl NfL jUk; NtW nraYk; ,y;iy. kf;fs; mwnraiy epWj;jhky; jk;khy; KbAk; topfnsy;yhk; nra;Ak; ,lj;jpw;Nfw;g mwr;nray;fis nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gd Nghd;w mwf;fUj;Jf;fis ,f;fl;Liuapd; thapyhf mwpa KbfpwJ.


TdLm 278

K.tujuhrd; tpLjiyah? rpWfijfspy; kdpjk;

tP.thRfp

cjtpg; Nguhrpupah;> = tp[a; tpj;ahyah fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; kfsph; fy;Y}hp ey;yk;gs;sp> jUkGhp

Kd;Diu kf;fis ey;topg;gLj;j vOe;j gilg;Gfspy; rpWfijAk; xd;W. ,it kdpj kdq;fspd; rpf;fiyg;Nghf;fTk;>FLk;gk; fl;Lf;Nfhg;Gld; mikaTk;>cwTfs; Nkk;glTk; >Xa;T Neuq;fis ed;Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jTk; cjTfpd;wJ. mt;thpirapy; lhf;lh;.K.t.tpDila rpWfijfs; rKjha rpf;fiy ikakpl;L vOe;Js;sd. tpLjiyah? vd;w jiyg;gpd; topNa kf;fisg; nghpJk; thl;b tijf;Fk; nfhLik tWik. mij ikakpl;L ,f;fl;Liu mike;Js;sJ. ,tuJ gilg;Gfs; rPh;jpUj;jj;ij Fwpj;Jk; vKe;Js;sd. mjpy; ehty;> rpe;jidf;fij rpWfij vd 85-Ij; njhl;Ls;sd. tpLjiyah? vd;w rpWfij jkpo; tsh;r;rpf; fofj;jpd; ghuhl;Lg; gj;jpuj;ijg; ngw;Ws;sd. ,f;fijapy; kdpjk; vd;w jiyg;gpy; ,f;fl;Liu vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ. grpf;nfhLik ek;ikr;Rw;wpAs;s egh;fs; ek;ikg;gw;wp fzpf;fpd;wdh; xUth; jdpNa epd;W rphpj;jhy; igj;jpak; vd;gh;. mOjhy; ghtk; vd;d gpur;rpidNah vd;gh;. mJNghyNt cr;rp ntapypy; kjpf;fj;jf;f mofhd ,isQd; xUtd; rhiyNahuk;> kaf;fKw;W tpOe;Js;shd; vd epidf;fpd;wdh;. Mdhy; mtNdh jdf;F Ntiy rhpahf mikahky; ez;gdplk; cjtpngw te;jtDf;F Ie;J ehshf cztpd;wp grpahy; kaf;fKw;W tPo;e;jpUe;jhd;. “gl;bdp vd;W nrhy;iyf; Nfl;lTld; vdf;F ,uf;fk; Njhd;wpaJ. VjhtJ thq;fpj;jur; nrhy;yyhk; vd;W rl;ilg;igapy; if ,l;Lf; fhR vLj;jhd;. mjw;Fs; xUth;-fy;Y}hp khztd; vd;W mg;ghy; njhpe;Jnfhz;Nld;. xU ifapy; fhg;gpAk; kw;nwhU ifapy; ,uz;L thiog;goKk; nfhz;L tUtijf; fz;Nld;” . tpLjiyah?rpWfijfs; lhf;lh; K.t. - g.61 grpapd; nfhLikia czh;e;j ghujpAk; “jdp xUtDf;F cztpy;iynadpy; [fj;jpid mopj;jpLNthk;” ;. vd;fpwhh; NkYk; “Nrtpj;Jk; nrd;(W) ,ue;Jk; njz;zPh;f; fly;re;Jk; ghtpj;Jk; ghh;Mz;Lk; ghl;birj;Jk;-Nghtpg;gk; ghopd; clk;ig tapw;wpd; nfhLikahy; ehop mhprpf;Nf ehk;” (ey;top-19> ePjpE}y; fsQ;rpak;;) vd;W ,ak;GfpwJ. kaf;fKw;wtd; Kfj;jpy; ePh; njspj;J vOg;gp> jhd; thq;fp te;jijf;nfhLj;jhd; me;j ,isQd;. mij thq;fp cz;L gpwF njhptpj;jhd; jhd; czT cz;L Ie;J ehshr;R vd;W> mUfpypUe;Njhh; mtdJ mrjpNghf mUfpy; ,Ue;j Nfhapypy; mkur;nra;jdh;. Ntiyapd;ik ez;gh;fspUtUk; NtiyNjbNa Gwefh; te;jdh;. Mdhy; rhpahd Ntiyaikahky; Njbj;Njb miye;J fpilj;j Ntiyia Neh;ikAld; nra;Jte;jdh;. ,Ug;gpDk; epue;ju kw;w NtiyNa Neh;ikf;F fpilj;j ghprhf mike;jJ. ey;yth;fshapUg;gpDk; rpy ,lj;jpy; FWf;F topiaf; ifahz;lhy;jhd; fpilf;fpwJ tapWf;F czT ,jw;F tpjptpyf;fhfapUg;gpd;


TdLm 279

cztpd;wp epue;ju Ntiyapd;wp miytNj kpr;rk.; ,jid cs;thq;fp eilKiw cyfpidg;Ghpe;Jnfhz;ltd; ,tdJ kw;nwhU ez;gd;. ,th;fsJ fijia jaf;fKlNd nkhopfpwhd; jdf;F MWjyhf te;j kdpjdplk; jdJ ez;gd; me;jf;$l;lj;jpy; Nrh;e;J mj;njhopy;Ghpe;J tho;e;J tUtJ kl;Lkpd;wp ,tdJ grp gl;bdpj;Jah;> Ntiyapd;ik midj;ijAk; Nghf;fp cjTfpwhd;. mjdhy; ,tDk; kdjhu mtid tho;j;Jthd;. “Ntyd; ,g;gbg; gyiu mo itj;Jg; ghtk; Njbf; nfhs;fpwhNd vd;whd; Ntyid ehd; jdpNa xU ehs; cUf;fj;NjhL Nfl;Nld;. jhd; xd;Wk; nra;tjpy;iy. vd;Wk; kw;wth;fSf;Fj; Jizahf ,Ue;J jpUba nghUs; ifkhWk;gb nra;tjhfTk; nrhy;ypr; rj;jpak; nra;jhd;. Kdprhkp ,we;jgpwF ehd; Ntyid xd;WNk Nfl;ljpy;iy. vg;gbahtJ Nghfl;Lk; vd;W tpl;Ltpl;Nld;. Mdhy; ehd; gl;bdp ,Ue;jijg; gw;wpAk; tUj;jg;gltpy;iy” . Ie;J ehshf mtidg; ghh;f;ftpy;iy. tpLjiyah?rpWfijfs; lhf;lh; K.t. - g.69 jdJ ,uz;L ez;ghpy; xUtH Ntiyapd;ikj;Jah; Jilf;f Kbahky; caph;Jwe;jJk;> ,tdJ kdk; nky;y khwp> eilKiw cyif Ghpe;J nfhz;lhd;. kw;nwhU fsj;jpy; tajpy; rpwpatdhf ,Ug;gjhy; mr;rpWtid jhd; nra;Ak; Ntiyfs;> %l;ilj;J}f;fy; kfpOe;J Jilj;jy; vJthfpDk; nra;jy; $lhJ vd jLj;jdh; gapy;thd;fs;. mth;fs; (gapy;thd;fs;) $Wk; Ntiyia kl;LNk nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;wdh;. mjhtJ gpr;irnaLj;jy; kl;Lk;. Vnddpy; mtndhU mdhij mjdhy; mtid mbj;J> cijj;J>kpjpj;J> fl;lhag;gLj;jp ifNae;jitj;jhd; gapy;thd;.mg;gb ghjpj;j rpWtd; mtdJ fijiaf; $Wfpwhd;. “gpr;ir thq;fp tapW tsh;f;f vdf;F gpbf;ftpy;iy. New;W KOtJk; g+f;fil az;il ,Ue;Njd;. mq;Nf hpf;~hf;fhuh; vd;idr; Rk;khtpltpy;iy. ahhplkhtJ $yp %l;ilf;Fg; Nghdhy; mth;fs; vd;idf; nfhd;W $tj;jpy; Nghl;LtpLtjhfg; gaKWj;jpdhh;fs;. NghyPrhhplk; nrhy;yp %b itg;gjhf tpul;bdhh;fs;. mth;fspd; Ngr;irf; Nfl;Lg; NghyPrhUk; vd;idj; Juj;jpdhh;fs;. Mdhy; xUthplk; $yp Ntiy vg;gbNah fpilj;jJ. $ypAk; NgrhkNy mth; ifapy; ,Ue;j gof;$iliaj; jiyNky; itj;Jf; nfhz;NlNdh ,y;iyNah> ,uz;L hpf;~hf;fhuh;xbte;J rhkp rhkp me;jg; igaDf;Ff; nfhLf;fpwij vq;fSf;Ff; nfhLq;fs; hpf;~htpy;Vwpf;nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;W nrhy;yp vd; jiyNky; ,Ue;j gof;$ilia typag; gpLq;fpf; nfhz;L vd;idj; js;spdhh;fs;” - tpLjiyah?rpWfijfs; lhf;lh;.K.t. - g.38 Ntiyapd;ikahy; midj;J taJ>ghy;jug;gpdUk; gy tifapy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. kJghdk; fs;sr;rhuhaKk;> kJghdKk; kf;fis jtwhd ghijapy; nfhz;L nry;y Kjy; Kf;fpa fhuzkhf mikfpd;wd. Fbf;f gzkpy;iy vdpDk; FLk;gj;jhhplk; rz;ilapl;L ngWjy;> nghUl;fistpw;W Fbj;jy;> mdhij Foe;ijfisNah> ngw;Nwhiu ,oe;j Foe;ijfisNah Njbf;flj;jpnrd;W jtwhd ghijapy; mth;fis <LgLj;jp gzk; rk;ghjpg;gJ ,g;gbg; gy jtWfs; r%fj;jpy; epfo fhuzk; kJ vd;w khiaNa. ,j;Jd;gq;fspdhy; ghjpj;j FLk;gq;fs; vz;zpylq;fhjit. “kpd;rhutz;b tUk; Ntisapy; jz;lthsg;ghyj;jpd;Nky; ele;J tz;bapy; mfg;gl;Lf; nfhz;L kbe;j,uz;L gpzq;fis xU ehs; fhz Neh;e;jJ. mth;fSf;F Kd;Nd ele;J te;j rpyh; mth;fisf; Fbfhuh; vd;W mwpe;J mq;Nf ele;J Ngf Ntz;lh vd;W nrhy;ypj; jLj;Jk; Nfl;ftpy;iyahk;.me;jf; Fbntwpapy; js;shb ele;J kpd;rhu tz;bf;Fg; gypahdhh;fNs vd;W vd; neQ;rk; kpf tUe;jpaNghJ Nghf;FtuT kpFe;j nrd;idapy;jhd; fs;sr;rhuhaf; filfis Kjypy; %lNtz;Lk; vd;W czh;e;Njd;” ;

- tpLjiyah? rpWfijfs; lhf;lh; K.t. - g.59 ,jidnahopf;f ehk; midtUk; xd;wpize;J ghLgl;L Kbe;jtiu ,j;Jd;gijf; fisa Kw;gLNthk;>


TdLm 280

mlf;FKiw gyk;-gykpd;ikia mlf;FjNy mlf;FKiw vd;gjhFk;. gzk; nfhz;lth;fs; jhk; nfhz;l gzj;jpy; kf;fis tpiyf;F thq;fp jhk; nra;j jtWfis mth;fs; kPNjw;wp jg;gpj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;. Viofs; jk; #oiy epidj;J FLk;gj;ijf; fhg;ghw;Wk; jd;ikf;fhf nra;ahj Fw;wj;ij jk;Nky; Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L thOk; mbikg;gz;Gk; ,q;Fz;L ,jid> “ePjpkd;wj;jpy; thia %bf;nfhz;L ,U, %d;W khjk; ehd;F khjk; jz;lid NghLthh;fs;. Ngrhky; ,Ue;Jtpl;L th. ehq;fs; ghh;j;Jf;nfhs;Nthk; cd;FLk;gij;ijAk; fhg;ghw;WNthk;. eP te;j gpwF cdf;F ,Uf;Fk; flidj;jPh;j;J me;j epyj;ij cdf;Nf jpUg;gpf; nfhLj;J tpLNthk; vd;W Kjyhsp nrhd;dhuhk; thiaj; jpwe;J jg;Gk; jtWkhf vq;fisg; gw;wp VjhtJ cswpf;nfhl;bdhy; cdf;Fj;jhd; njhy;iy. MAs; jz;lid fpilj;jhYk; fpilj;JtpLk;. vd;W kpul;bdhuhk;. rhkp> ahUf;Fk; nrhy;y Ntz;lh kwe;JtpLq;fs; vd;W vd;idg; ghh;j;J fz;fyq;fpf;Nfl;lhd;”

- tpLjiyah?rpWfijfs; lhf;lh; K.t. g.78 njspthf;FfpwJ Nkw;fz;l rk;gtr;nra;jp caph; Nghuhl;lk; “grp te;jhy; gj;Jk; gwe;JNghk;” ; vd;w gonkhopf;Nfw;g kdpjDila ey;y nray;fsidj;Jk; kwf;fbf;fr;nra;fpwJ. jdJ khdk;>khpahij> FLk;g nfsutk; ,it midj;Jk; vspjpy; ghohf;fptpLfpwJ. mofhd igad; nfsutkhf thoNtz;Lnkd;w nfhs;ifNahL tsh;e;jtd;. jd; #oy; fhuzkhf grpj;Jauhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L> ma;ah! vd kw;wthplk; ifNae;jp epw;fitj;Jtpl;lJ. ,jid tpsf;Fk; Fws;> “,ue;Jk; caph;tho;jy; Ntz;bd; gue;J nfLf cyfpaw;wp ahd;” (Fws;-1062) NkYk; “ma;ah ehd; Nrhk;Ngwp my;y Nfhgpj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;lh. Ntiyjhd; Ntz;Lk; fl;lhak; Ntz;Lk;. Ntiy nfhLj;jhy; fl;lhak; nra;Ntd;. ,e;jg; gl;lzj;jpw;F te;j ehshf miyfpNwd;. Ke;jh New;nwy;yhk; nrd;l;uy; epiyaj;jpy; ,Ue;Njd;. $yp Ntiy fpilf;Fk; vd;W fhj;jpUe;Njd;. mq;Nf ,Uf;Fk; %l;ilj;J}f;fpfsplk; ehd; gl;lghL NghJk; mth;fs; vy;yhUk; xNu fl;rp.vd;id mq;Nf epw;fTk; tplhky; Juj;jpdhh;fs;.Mdhy; vy;yhiuAk; gopf;ftpy;iy. ey;ytd; xUtd; vdf;F ,uz;L Mg;gk; thq;fpf; nfhLj;jhd;. mjdhy;jhd; ,d;Dk; capNuhL ,Uf;fpNwd; vd;W nrhd;dhd;”

- tpLjiyah? rpWfijfs; lhf;lh; K.t. - gf;.37-38 jhd; gpr;irnaLf;f kWj;J $ypNtiy Ntz;Lnkd;W gy eghplk; kd;whbAk; vt;tpj cjtpAk; fpilf;fhky; NghfNt ,Wjpahf jd; capiu kha;j;Jf; nfhz;lhd; me;j md;G jtOk; Kfk; nfhz;l moF igad;. FLk;gk; rpjwy; FLk;gk; xU Nfhapy;> r%f mikg;gpd; Kf;fpa mbg;gilAk; FLk;gNk. ,jidf; fl;Lf;Nfhg;Gld; fl;bf;nfhz;L nry;y gzk; vd;w KjyPL fl;lhak; Njit. gzj;jhy; FLk;gj;Njitiag; g+h;j;jp nra;a ,ayh jiytid> jiytp kw;Wk; (kf;fs;) Foe;ijfs; ntUf;Fk; #oy; vspikahf Vw;gLfpwJ. FLk;gj;ijAk; rpd;dhgpd;dkhf;fpj; J}f;fp vwpag;gLfpwJ. ,t;tifapy;> fztd; Xl;LeuhfapUe;Jk; kidtp> kf;fisf; fz;Lnfhs;shky; tpl;L tPjpapy; nfhz;Lte;J epWj;jpAs;sJ xU FLk;gj;ij kidtp jd; fztdJ epiyiag;Ghpe;J mjw;Nfw;g elthikahYk;> fztid vjph;j;J ky;Yf;fl;bajhYk; gps;isfspd; kdjpYk; eQ;ir tpijj;J mth;fsJ kdepiyAk; ghjpj;jJ. je;ijaplNk fhydh nfQ;rp gpr;ir thq;fp tPjpapy; thOk; epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gLfpwJ Foe;ijfs; kw;Wk; jhAk;.


TdLm 281

“me;jg; ngz;Foe;ij gpr;ir vLg;gjhf vz;zp tpl;lhh;fNsh vd;W tUe;jpNdd;. ahiu NehtJ? tPl;by; fz;L nfhQ;rp kfpohky; topapy; fz;L nfQ;rp moitj;j je;ijia Nehtjh? khdj;NjhL tPl;by; mlq;fp kbahky; fztidj; Njb ntspNa te;J Nghuhba jhia Nehtjh? kdk; tutpy;iy.”

- tpLjiyah?rpWfiufs; lhf;lh; K.t. - g.83 FLk;gk; vd;w $l;ilf; fiyf;fhky; ,Uf;Fkhapd; gzk; vd;w nghUs; kpf kpf mtrpaj;Njit . mjid rk;ghjpf;Fk; topKiwfisr; rhpahff; ifahz;L Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; ,jid> “mUspy;yhh;f;F mt;Tyfk; ,y;iy nghUspyhh;f;F ,t;Tyfk; ,y;yhfp ahq;F” - Fws; 247 ts;Sth; rpwg;ghf> nghUsw;w kdpjdpd; epiyia nrg;Gfpd;whh;. tWik ‘tWik vd;w mbik’ kdpjidg; gPbf;Fk;nghOJ vz;zpylq;fhj; Jd;gq;fisr; re;jpf;f NehpLfpd;wJ.‘MirNa Jd;gj;jpw;F fhuzk;’ vd;w Gj;jhpd; nkhopfs; kfj;jhdit. ngz;zhir>nghz;zhir kz;zhir vd;w %d;W kl;LNk cyfpay; Jd;gj;jpw;Ff; fhuzkhf mikgit. tWikf;F Ml;gl;Ls;s kdpjd; jd; mwpTnfl;L> khdk; njhiyj;J> khpahij mope;J ey;y thh;j;ijfspd; kjpg;G ,oe;J> ed;dlj;ij njhiyj;J kw;wth; Vsdj;jpw;F MshFk; epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gLth;. xU cz;ikia kdpjd; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk; “kz;zhy; nra;ag;gl;l ghj;jpuk; vt;thW fhyj;jhy; epiy ,y;yhky; mopANkh mJ Nghd;wNj kf;fs; tho;f;if gpwg;G Kjy; ,wg;Gtiu Jd;gk; epiwe;jNj” xsitapd; $w;W ,J. kdpjd; jd; MiriaAk>; NjitfisAk; Fiwj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; tWik Vw;gLtij fise;J ,d;gkhd tho;f;if thoyhk;. “Ngr;rpy; tWik vd;why; Fiwe;j msthd Ngr;R vd;W vz;z Ntz;lh tWikahy; jho;Tw;Wg; gpwiuAk; jho;Twr; nra;Ak; Nghf;F me;jg; Ngr;rpy; ,Ue;jJ. mehfhpfk; me;j Ngr;rpy; ,U;ejJ. ,it vy;yhk; tWikapd; tpisTfs; my;yth? ,g;gbg;gl;l tWik mtUila Ngr;rpy; ,Ue;jJ” - tpLjiyah?rpWfijfs; lhf;lh;. K.t. - g.80 NkYk; ,r;#oiy “cz;gJ ehop cLg;gJ ehd;FKok; vd;gJ Nfhbepide; njz;Zt-fz;Gije;j khe;jh; Fbtho;f;if kz;zpd; fyk;Nghyr; rhe;JizAk; rQ;ryNk jhd;” - ey;top.28 gpw;fhy ePjp ,yf;fpa tuyhW. G+kpapy; thOk; kf;fspd; Njit cz;gjw;F ehopczTk;> cLj;Jf;nfhs;s ehd;F Koj; JzpANk NghJkhdJ. ,jid kdjpy; nfhz;L tho;f;ifapy; nray;gl;lhy; tWik vd;w Ngapd; thapy; mfg;glhky; jg;gpj;Jf;nfhs;s ,aYk;. NkYk; tsUk; nghOJ gps;isfsplk; Ranjhopy;> ifj;njhopy; Ghpjy; ,j;jFjpfis tsur;nra;jy; ngw;NwhUf;fhd flik. tho;f;ifg;ghlj;ij rhpahff;fw;W ifahoy; Ntz;Lk;. rpf;fdk; tho;f;iff;F ,d;wpaikahj Njitfspy; xd;W rpf;fdk;. ,it midj;J jug;gpYk; gad;gLk;. nefpopg;igfis rpf;fdkhf;fpdhy;> epy khRghl;bidj; jLf;fyhk;. ePiur;rpf;fdkhfg; gad;gLj;jpdhy;> ePh; jl;Lg;ghl;il xusNtDk; Fiwf;fyhk;> vhpnghUisr; rpf;fdg;gLj;jpdhy; fhw;W kz;lyj;ij FiwthfNt ghjpf;Fk;. mJNghd;W> kf;fs; jk; ehit mlf;fpdhy; gy rpf;fiyj; jPh;j;J md;igg; ngUf;f KbAk;.


TdLm 282

nryT nra;tjpy; rpf;fdkhf;fpdhy; FLk;gKk;> rKjhaKk; jk; Njitiag; g+h;j;jp nra;J nfhz;L epiwTlDk;>epk;kjpahfTk;> nropg;ghfTk;> md;Gk;> gz;Gk; nfhz;L tho KbAk;. grp> gl;bdp> tWik> Ntiyapd;ik vd;w midj;J g+l;LfSf;Fk; xNu jpwTNfhy; rpf;fdk; vd;w rhtpNa MFk;.tWikNa FLk;gj;ij #o;e;Jnfhz;lNghJk; ‘md;G’ vd;w fUtp%yk; mjid rhpg;gLj;jp tho;jy; eyk; vd;gjid> “xd;wd; $whil cLg;gtNu ahapDk;

xd;wpdhh; tho;f;ifNa tho;f;if” fypj;njhif.17 gpw;fhy ePjp ,yf;fpa tuyhW. Xh; Miliaf; fpopj;J cLj;jpf;nfhs;Sk; msT ,y;yw tho;tpy; tWik te;jhYk;>md;Gila tho;f;ifNa rpwf;Fk; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ fypj;njhif.tWik #Ok;NghJ ey;nyhOf;fg;gz;Gfs; midj;ijAk; kOq;fbf;fr;nra;fpwJ. mt;thwpUf;f ,r;#oypy;md;G vq;fpUe;J tUk;. vdNt rpf;fdk; vd;gijg;ngUf;fp> Njitiar; RUf;fpf;nfhz;lhy; Jd;gj;Jah; J}ukhf XbtpLk; ,t;Tz;ikia> “Md Kjypy; mjpfk; nryT Mdhy; khdk; mope;J kjpnfl;Lg; - Nghdjpir vy;yhh;f;Fk; fs;sdha; Vo;gpwg;Gk; jPadha; ey;yhh;f;Fk; nghy;ydhk; ehL” - ey;top.25 gpw;fhy ePjp ,yf;fpa tuyhW. vd;W ey;topAk; ciuf;fpd;wJ. KbTiu lhf;lh;.K.t.tpd; rpWfijfspy; tpLjiyah? tWik vd;w ikaf;fUj;ij ikakpl;L tiuag;gl;Ls;sJ. tpLjiyah? r%fj;NjhL xd;wpa fUj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;Ls;s ,it tWikapypUe;J tpLjiy ngw toptFf;Fk; tifapy; mike;Js;sJ. ,jpy; tWik Vw;glf; fhuzk;> tWikapd; epiyfs;> fisAk; topKiwfs; vd;w Nehf;fpy; ,aw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ. jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpd; rpWfijfSk; xU Kf;fpaj; jlj;ijg; ngw;Ws;sJ. mt;tifapy; K.t.-tpd; tpLjiyah? rpWfij rKjhaj;jpy; cs;s tWikepiyia ntspg;gLj;Jk; tpjkhf jlk; gjpj;Js;sikia ,f;fl;Liu thapyhf Muhag;gl;Ls;sJ. E}y; Mjhuq;fs; lhf;lH K. tujuhrd; : tpLjiyah? ghhpepiyak; 184> gpuhl;Nt - nrd;id - 600001 Kjy;gjpg;G : 1944 9841818046 lhf;lH fjpHKUF : ,yf;fpa tuyhw;W thpir gpw;fhy ePjp ,yf;fpa tuyhW ehk; jkpoH gjpg;gfk; nrd;id Kjw;gjpg;G - 2010 brk;gH

9790706549 /9790706548 ghpNkyofH : jpUf;Fws; %yKk; ciuAk; mUzh gg;spNf~d;];> nrd;id 2015


TdLm 283

ehybahH $Wk; fy;tpmwk;

fp. rq;fPjh

KJfiyj;jkpo; Kjyhkhz;L> gr;rKj;J fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; kfspH fy;Y}up> jUkGup

Kd;Diu Nfby; tpOr;nry;tk; fy;tp vdg;Ngrg;gLk; fy;tpia fw;w fw;gpf;f ,d;iwa khztHfSk; ngw;NwhHfSk; fLk;Nghl;biar; re;jpf;f NeupLfpd;wJ. fy;tp jd;idkl;Lky;yhJ jhd; rhHe;j rKfj;ijAk;> ehl;ilAk; Nkk;glr; nra;fpd;wJ. fy;tpf;fhf goq;fhyk; Kjy; ,f;fhyk; tiu r%fKk; muRk; ngUe;njhifiar; nrytopf;fpd;wJ. goq;fhyj;jpy; khztHfs; FUFyj;jpy; jq;fp FUTf;F Vw;w rPldha; njhz;Lnra;J fy;tpiaf; fw;whd;. kdjstpy; xUtiuf; FUthff; nfhz;L khdrPfkhff; fy;tpiaf; fw;whd;. Muk;gj;jpy; caHFbkf;fSf;F kl;LNk fy;tp fpilj;jJ. fhyk; khwkhw fy;tpepiyapy; gy;NtW khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;ld. Muk;gfhy fy;tpia tpl ,ilf;fhyj;jpy; rq;fkUtpafhy fy;tpapd; epiyia ehybahH $Wk; fy;tpawk; gw;wp ,t;tha;T Muha;fpd;wJ. fy;tp fy;tp vd;gJ tpyq;Ffshf ,Ue;j kdpjid Nkk;gLj;jp MwmwpT mNjhL kl;Lkpd;wp VohtJ mwpthfTk; nray;gl itg;gJ fy;tpNa. tpyq;F epiyapy; ,Ue;J kdpjdhf khw Kf;fpafhuzkhf mike;jJ fy;tp> mwptpay; kw;Wk; tpQ;Qhd tsHr;rpf;F mbg;gilahdJ fy;tp. fy;tpapd; %ykhfj;jhd; kdpjid Nkk;gLj;j KbAk;> mwpahik vd;Dk; ,Uisg; Nghf;fty;yJ vd;Wk; mopahg; Gfopid cilaJ. fy;tpapd; rpwg;gpid czHj;j ehybahupy; fy;tpf;F vd jdpajpfhuNk cs;sJ. xsitgpuhl;b “fw;wJ ifk;kz;zsT fy;yhjJ cyfsT” vd;W tho;f;if KOtJk; fy;tp fw;f Ntz;ba jd; mtrpaj;ij ciuf;fpd;whH. fy;tpahdJ FWfpa mstpid cilaJ my;y> jd;Dila tho;ehs; KOtJk; fw;whYk; mtw;wpidf; fw;fKbahJ mt;tsT rpwg;gpid cilaJ fy;tp vd fy;tpapd; ,d;wpaikahikia xsitahH $wpAs;shH. ehybahupy; fy;tpapd; rpwg;G ehk; fy;tpiaf; fw;gjd; %ykhf ehk; ,g;gpwg;gpy; gpwe;j gaid milaKbAk;. fy;tpiaf; fw;ftpy;iynadpy; ,g;gpwtpapd; gaid milaKbahJ. gpwtpapd; gad; vd;gJ mtH nra;Ak; ey;tpid> jPtpid ,uz;ilAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;ljhFk;. gpwUf;Ff; nfhLj;jhy; Fiwe;JtpLk; vd;W fyq;f Ntz;baJ ,y;iy> fhuzk; fy;tpiaf; nfhLf;ff; nfhLf;f Nkd;NkYk; tsUNk jtpu xUNghJk; FiwahJ> fy;tpahdJ gpwUf;Ff; nfhLf;ff; nfhLf;f caUNk jtpu mJ vd;WNk FiwahJ. fy;tpiaf; fw;why; Gfopd; cr;rpf;Nf ek;ik mioj;Jr; nry;Yk;. cyfpy; vd;Wk; epiyngw;wJ fy;tpNa. fy;tpiaj; jtpu mwpahikiag; Nghf;fp rpwg;Gg;ngw;W tsur; nra;Ak; ,ay;GilaJ.

',k;ikgaf;Fkhy; <af; Fiwtpd;why; jk;iktpsf;Fkhy; ehk; csuhf; Nfbd;why; vk;ikcyfj;Jk; ahk;fhNzk; fy;tpNghy; kk;kHmWf;Fk; kUe;J> ehybahH – (132 ghly;)

NkYk; ehybahH etpYk; fUj;ijNa jpUf;FwspYk; ~moptpy;yhj nry;tkhfpa fy;tpNa kw;wnghd; kzpAk; rpwg;Gilr; nry;tk; my;y vd;gjidf; Fwy; ,ak;GfpwJ.


TdLm 284

“ NfL,y; tpOr;nry;tk; fy;tpxUtw;F khLmy;ykw;iwait” (Fws; - 400)

fy;tpapd; rpwg;G fy;tpf;F fiuNa,y;iy fy;tpahdJ fly;Nghd;wJ. fy;tp vd;gJ ,t;tsTjhd; vd vy;iyia tUzpj;Jf; $w,ayhJ. fy;tp vd;gJ mopahjg; Gfopid cilaJ. fy;tpapd; rpwg;ghy; ,t;Tyfk; ePz;lehs; capHthOk;> fy;tp ,y;iynad;why; gFj;jwptpd;wp vspjpy; ,t;TyfNk mopAk; jd;ikAilaJ. fy;tpf;F vy;iyAk;,y;iy mopTk;,y;iy> fy;tpiaf; fw;wtHfs; rpyfhyNk ,g;g+kpapy; ,Uf;fg; NghfpwhHfs;. me;jr; rpyfhyj;jpy; gy;NtW tifahd Neha;fs; ek;ik te;Jr; #o;fpd;wd. ,t;thW Fiwthdfhyk; thOk; kf;fshfpaehk; kpfTk; rpwe;j mwf;fUj;Jfs; epiwe;j E}y;fisNa NjHe;njLj;Jf; fw;fNtz;Lk; me;E}y;fisf; fw;wgpd; me;E}ypd; topNa elf;fNtz;Lk;. ,t;thW ehk;thOk; rpy fhyk; vdpDk; fy;tpf; fw;w mwptpid cilatH kpfTk; tho;tpy; gaDs;s E}y;fisNa fw;WNkd;ikailtHfs;. gy;NtWtifahd E}y;fs; ,Ug;gpDk; ekf;Fj; Njitahd E}y;fis gFj;jwpe;J Muha;e;J ey;yf;fUjpidf; $Wk; E}y;fisNa etpyNtz;Lk;.

“fy;tpfiuapy; fw;gtH ehs;rpy nky;yepidf;fpd; gpzpgy - njs;spjpd; Muha;e;JmikTilafw;gNtePnuhopag; ghYz; FUfpd; njupe;J” (ehyb - 135 gh)

NkYk; ,tH $Wk; fUj;jpidNa ts;StUk; jpUf;Fws; Kykhf ekf;Ffy;tpapd; Kf;fpaJtj;ijczHj;jpAs;shH.

“fw;ffrlwf; fw;gitfw;wgpd; epw;fmjw;Fj; jf” (Fws; - 391)

,Njf; fUj;ijjkpo;tpL J}J vd;Dk; E}Yk; etpy;fpd;wJ. rhd;Nwhupd; rpwg;G jhk; fy;tpiaf; fy;yhjtHMapDk; fy;tpf; fw;wg; ngupNahiur; NrHe;Jmtuplk; cs;sew;Fzq;fisfw;wwpaNtz;Lk;. mt;thWNfl;lwpAk; fy;tpahdJtaJKjpHe;jfhyj;jpy; jkf;FCd;WNfhyhfepw;Fk; fy;tpia fw;fyhk;. fy;tpiafw;fNky;rhjp>fPo;rhjpvd;wghFghLvJTk; fpilahJ>fy;tpf;Fvy;iyNafpilahJ.

“fy;yhNuahapDk; fw;whiur; NrHe;njhOfpd; ey;ywpTehSk; jiyg;gLtH - njhy;rpwg;gpd; xz;zpwg; ghjpupg;g+r; NrHjyhy; Gj;njhL jz;zpHf;Fj; jhd;gae; jhq;F” (ehyb – 139)

mNjfUj;ij jpUf;Fwspy; xUtDf;Ffw;ftha;g;G ,y;yhky; ,Ue;jhYk; fw;wtH $Wk; nrhw;fisf; Nfl;lwpe;jhy; tho;ifapy; jsHr;rpAwk; fhyj;jpy; mJ Cd;W Nfhyha; epd;Wtho;tpy; JizGupAk;.

“fw;wpyd; MapDk; Nfl;f m/njhUtw;F xw;fj;jpd; Cw;whk; Jiz” (Fws; - 414)

mtw;Ws; XjYe; J}Jk; caHe;NjhHNkd (njhy; nghUs; mfj; - 28) fy;tp vd;gJ xOf;fj;jhYk; Fzj;jhYk; nry;tjhYk; VidaupDk; caH ciltH fUj;jg;gLtJ njhy;fhg;gpaH Rl;LtJ %yk; mwpayhfpd;wJ. jw;fUj;J fy;tp vd;gJ kdpjid Nkd;NkYk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjhf mikAk;. fy;tpahdJ fw;f> kw;wtUf;F fw;gpf;f mJvd;WNk FiwahJ. mJNkYk; mjpfupf;FNk jtpumJ xUNghJk; FiwahJ. nry;tkhfpa nghUl;fis Ntz;Lkhdhy; ftuKbANk jtpu fy;tpiaf; ftuKbaJ. fw;gjw;F


TdLm 285

kl;LNk fy;tpay;y mtw;wpid nfhz;Ljk; tho;tpid Nkk;gLj;jpf;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. fy;tpf;Fvy;iyvd;gNjfpilahJ>fy;tpKOtijAk; ek;khy; fw;fTk; KbahJ. fy;tpahdJ fly; Nghd;wJ> ~'fw;wJ if kz;zsTfy;yhjJcyfsT'' vd;Wxsit $wpAs;shH. ,uz;L E}ypd; rpwg;G ehybahHkw;Wk; jpUf;Fwisrpwg;gpf;gLk; tifapy; gonkhopxd;Wmike;Js;sJ.

“MYk; NtYk; gy;Yf;FcWjp ehYk; ,uz;Lk; nrhy;Yf;FcWjp”

vd;Dk; gonkhop %ykhfmwpayhk;. Myq;Fr;rpAk;> fUNtyq;Fr;rpAk ek;Kila gy;Yf;F vt;thW cWjpiaf; nfhLf;fpwNjh mJNghyNt ehybahHkw;Wk; jpUf;Fws; vd;Dk; ,U E}y;fspy; cs;sf; fUj;Jf;fisg; gbj;J me;E}ypy; cs;s fUj;Jf;fisg; gpd;gw;wp elf;fNtz;Lk;. ehybahH E}ypy; xt;nthUghlypYk; ehd;Few;fUj;Jfs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sdH mtw;wpd; gaid czHe;J kf;fs; midtUk; jd; tho;tpy; gpd;gw;wp mtw;wpd; topapy; elf;fNtz;Lk;. mtw;wpidg; NghyNtjpUf;FwSk; ,uz;Nlmbapy; cyfk; Vw;Fk; tho;tpay;. fy;tpfw;Nwhupd; rpwg;G fy;tpapy;yhg; ngz;fs; fsHepyk; vd;ghHfs;> ngz;fSf;F kpfTk; mtrpakhdJ fy;tpahFk;. fy;tpiaf; fw;ffw;f tho;tpy; ,d;gk; ngUFk;. ctH epyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa cg;gpid ey;yepyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa ney;Yf;F ,izahff; nfhz;L Nghw;WtH fy;tpiaf; fw;w xOf;fk; cilatH. mtw;wpidg; Nghy ,opthd Fsj;jpy; gpwe;jtd; MdhYk; mtd; rpwe;j Ehy;fisf; fw;W mtw;wpd; nghUis czHe;jtd; Mapd; mtidAk; Nkd;ikAilatuhf itj;Jg; Nghw;WjNy rpwe;jJ mjdhy; ,e;E}iyf; fw;W tho;tpd; cz;ikia mwpe;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. tho;tpy; vJTNk epiy ,y;iy mjdhy; fy;tpiaf; fw;f jaq;fNth Ntz;lhk;.

“fsHepyj; Jg;gpwe;jTg;gpidr; rhd;NwhH tpisepyj;Jney;ypd; tpOkpjhf; nfhs;tH filepyj;NjhHMapDk; fw;wwpe; Njhiuj; jiyepyj;Jitf;fg; gLk; (ehyb – 133)

fy;tapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij ,e;E}y; czHj;JfpwJ. rpwe;j E}y;fisfw;WzHe;jtHfs; Jizahff; nfhz;L E}ypd; nghUs;fismwpe;Jf;

nfhs;Sjy; kuf;fyj;ijr; nrYj;Jgtd; goikahd rhjpapid rhHe;jtd; vd;Wehk; mwpe;jpUe;Jk; mtid ,fo;e;Jg; Ngrhky; mtdpd; jidf;nfhz;L nts;sj;ijf; fle;Jr; nrd;wJ Nghy MFk;. mJNghy ey;y fUj;Jf;fis $Wk; E}y;fisf; fw;W jd;Dila tho;tpy; gadila Ntz;Lk;. kuf;fykhdJ fliyf; flf;f ekf;F vt;thW Jizahf epw;fpwNjh mJNghy ,e;E}ypy; cs;sey;yf; fUj;Jf;fis fw;W NjHe;J tho;tpy; gadila Ntz;Lk; vd;gjid ,e;E}y; czHj;JfpwJ.

“ Njhzpapaf;Fthd; Njhy;iytUzj;Jf; fhzpd; filg;gl;lhd; vd;wpfohH - fhzha; mtd;JizahMWNgha; mw;NwE}y; fw;w kfd; Jizahey;ynfhsy” (ehyb – 136)

NkYk;

“ <d;wnghOjpw; ngupJtf;Fk jd;kfid rhd;Nwhd; vdf; Nfl;lj; jha;”

xUjha; Mdts; jd; kfidngw;nwLf;Fk; NghJ ,Ue;jkfpo;r;rpiatpl> mtd; rhd;Nwhd; vDk; NghJ milAk; kfpo;r;rpf;F vy;iyNa ,y;iy.


TdLm 286

KbTiu tUq;fhy fy;tp jukhdjhfTk; tho;f;iff; fy;tpahfTk; mikjy; Ntz;Lk;. mJ Ngr;rstpy; vOj;jstpy; kl;LNk cs;sJ. mf;fy;tp nray;epiyf;F Vw;wkyHjy; Ntz;Lk;. kdpj kdq;fspd; cs; Mw;wiy ntspf;nfhzur; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. Njly; rhHe;j fy;tpNa ekf;Fj; Njit tUq;fhy fy;tp clypay;> cstpay;> czHtpay;> nraypay; rhHe;j fy;tpahf kyuNtz;Lk;. jFjp> jpwik> jha;nkhop Nghd;wtw;wpw;f;F Kjypy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. MrpupaHfs; ey;yfy;tpia mspg;gNjhL mjw;F Kd;Ndhbahf rKfj;jpy; tho;e;Jf;fhl;l Ntz;Lk;.


TdLm 287

cyfePjp nkhope;j Ntz;lhj Ngr;RfSk; cyfehjH gad;gLj;jpa nrhw;fSk;

r.c\h

KJfiyj; jkpo; ,uz;lhkhz;L> KJfiy (k) jkpoha;Tj;Jiw> rz;Kfh njhopw;rhiy fiy mwptpay; fy;Y}up> jpUtz;zhkiy 6060 603.

njhlf;fkhf goq;fhye;njhl;L cyfpy; toq;fp tUfpd;w ePjpf; fUj;Jf;fSs; rpytw;iwj; njhFj;Jf; $Wtjdhy; ,e;E}y; “cyfePjp" vd;w ngaupidg; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,e;E}iy ,aw;wpatH cyfehjH vd;Wk; 18- Mk; E}w;whz;ilr; NrHe;jtH vd;Wk; $wg;gLfpwJ. nkhj;jk; 13 nra;As;fs;> ,it midj;Jk; vz;rPH Mrpupa tpUj;jkhf mike;Js;sJ. ngUk;ghYk; ~Ntz;lh| vd;Dk; vjpHkiw nrhy;iyf; nfhz;L ePjpf;fUj;Jf;fisf; $Wk; E}yhf mike;Js;sJ. filrp mb KUfid tzq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W neQ;Rf;F mwpTWj;Jtjhf mike;Js;sJ. cyfePjp $wpAs;s Ntz;lhj Ngr;Rfs; ~tho;tpay;| vd;gJ ehk; tho;tpy; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; xt;nthU nraiyAk; Fwpf;fpwJ. mNjNghy; ehk; NgRk; Ngr;Rk;> tho;tpaypy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f xd;Nw MFk;. Vnddpy; ehk; Ngrf;$ba thHj;ijfs;jhd;> ek;Kila jd;ikfis epHzapf;fpd;wd. ehk; gad;gLj;Jfpd;w ey;y> md;ghd> cz;ikahd thHj;ijfisf; nfhz;L> xU ngupa mopitj;jLf;fTk;> xU kpfg;ngupa jd;dk;gpf;if Nghd;w rf;jpia cUthf;fTk; KbAk;. mNjrkak; gpwUf;Fj; Jd;gk; juf;$ba jPa nrhw;fisf; nfhz;L tpisaf;$ba ed;ik VNjDk; cz;lh vd;why;> ,y;iy vd;Nw $w Ntz;Lk;. ntWg;ig cz;lhf;ff;$ba> Njitaw;w Ngr;Rfs; ngUk;ghYk; mopitAk; Jd;gj;ijAk; mspf;fpd;wd. ,jidNa ~cyfehjUk;| kpFjpahd ,lq;fspy; typAWj;jpf; $wpAs;shH. ,tw;iwnay;yhk; cq;fs; tho;tpy; ,Ue;J jtpHj;JtpLq;fs; vd;W ~Ntz;lh| vd;w nrhy;iyg; gad;gLj;jp gy;NtW nghUz;ikfisg;gw;wp NgrpAs;shH. cyfehjH gad;gLj;jpa nrhw;fspd; nghUs; (nrhy;yhly;fs;) nghy;yhq;F-jPaJ> Fw;wk;> NfL> GwQ;nrhy;yp (GwQ;nrhy;)-gopr;nrhy;> neQ;rhug;ngha;> gopj;jy;-epe;jpj;jy;> vjpHkhW (vjpHnkhop)> Fw;wnkhd;Wk; fzf;fopT-KiwNfL> cjhrpdq;fs; (cjhrPdk;)-nghUl;gLj;jhik> epe;ij> ,fo;T> tof;fopT–KiwNfL> fl;Liuj;jy;> Gz;gLk; thHj;ij (Gz;gLj;J)-Ntjidf;F cs;shf;F> tUe;jr; nra;jpL> fyfkpl;L (fyfk;)-Fog;gk;> rr;ruT> Ngnuhyp> cs;ehl;Lf; Fog;gk;> Vry;-NghH> xUtif kPd; (Ruhtpd; jkpo;-jkpo;-Mq;fpy mfuhjp) Mfpa nrhy;yhly;fis cyfehjH gad;gLj;jpAs;shH. ,r;nrhy;yhly;fspd; top tho;f;iff;Fj; Njitahd mwnewpfis $wpr;nrd;Ws;shH.

nghy;yhq;F nrhy;y Ntz;lhk; ve;j xUtiug; gw;wpAk; gopjuf;$ba nrhw;fisr; nrhy;yhNj. “xUtiuAk; nghy;yhq;F nrhy;y Ntz;lh" (cyfePjp ghly;: 01) vd;fpwJ cyfePjp. mNj Nghy;> Fwpg;ghf “jho;e;jhiug; nghy;yhq;F nrhy;y Ntz;lh" (cyfePjp ghly;: 05) vd;Wk; $WfpwJ. mjhtJ> jho;epiyapy; cs;s vspatHfs; kPJ tPzhd gop nrhy;yhNj vd tpsf;fkspf;fpwJ. xUtiuAk; Fw;wk; $whNj> Fwpg;ghfg; gz;gpy; Fiwe;j vspa kf;fspd; kPJ gopr; nrhw;fisf; $whNj vd tpsf;fkspf;fpwJ. ,ijNa ehybahUk;


TdLm 288

“fPo;kf;fs; fPoha nrhy;ypaf;fhy; nrhy;gNth Nkd;kf;fs; jk;thahy; kPl;L" (ehybahH - ghly;: 70)

,t;thW $wpr;nry;fpwJ. Gwq;$Wjy; Ntz;lhk; jpUf;Fwspy; ~Gwq;$whik| vd;Dk; mjpfhuk; ,jidj; njspthf tpsf;FfpwJ. cyfePjp ,jid ~Nghftpl;Lg; GwQ;nrhy;ypj; jpupa Ntz;lh| (cyfePjp ghly;: 01) vdf; $WfpwJ. xUtH cd; fz; kiwar; nrd;w gpd;G mtiug; gw;wpf; Nfhs; nrhy;yp miyahNj vd;gNj ,jd; tpsf;fkhf cs;sJ.

“fz;epd;W fz;zwr; nrhy;ypDk; nrhy;yw;f Kd;,d;W gpd;Nehf;fhr; nrhy;" (Fws;: 184)

vdNt> xUtiu> Neupy; epd;W ,uf;fk; ,y;yhky; NgrpdhYk; jtwpy;iy. Mdhy; mtHfs; ,y;yhj epiyapy; mtHfisg; gopj;Jg; NgrhNj vdf; $wpAs;shH. neQ;rhug; ngha; NgrhNj “ngha;k;ikAk; tha;ik ,lj;j" (Fws;: 292) vd;W ts;StH $wpapUg;gpDk; mLj;j FwspNyNa>

“jd;neQ;R mwptJ ngha;aw;f ngha;j;jgpd; jd;neQ;Nr jd;idr; RLk;" (Fws;: 293)

xUtd; jd; kdk; mwpe;j xd;iwg; gw;wpg; ngha;Aiuj;jhy;> mtd; kdNk mtidj; Jd;gg;gLj;Jk;. vdNtjhd; cyfehjUk;> ~neQ;rhug; ngha;jd;idr; nrhy;y Ntz;lh| vd;fpwhH. kdNk! cs;sk; mwpag; ngha; nrhy;yhNj vd;fpwJ ,jd; tpsf;fk;.

“neQ;ir xspj;njhU tQ;rk; ,y;iy" (nfhd;iw Nte;jd;: 54) fw;wtiug; gopj;Jg; Ngr Ntz;lhk; “fw;wtiu xUehSk; gopf;f Ntz;lh" (cyfePjp ghly;: 04)

fw;wwpe;j mwpQiu xUehSk; ,fo;e;Jiuf;fhNj vd cyfehjH $wpa epiyapy;> “kd;dDk; khrwf; fw;NwhDk; rPHJ}f;fpd; kd;ddpw; fw;Nwhd; rpwg;Gilad; - kd;dw;Fj; jd;Njrk; my;yhy; rpwg;gpy;iy fw;NwhHf;Fr; nrd;w ,l nky;yhk; rpwg;G" (%Jiu: 26) “jhk;,d; GWtJ cyF,d; Gwf;fz;L fhKWtH fw;wwpe; jhH" (Fws;: 399)

,t;thW kd;did tplTk;> nrd;w ,lq;fspy; vy;yhk; kjpf;fg;gLgtHfs; fy;tpapdhy; cyfk; kfpo;tijf; fz;L NkYk; fw;gij tpUk;GgtHfs;> fy;tp fw;w mwpQHfs;. vdNt mtHfisg; gopj;Jg; NgrhNj vdf; $Wfpd;wd. murDld; vjpHkhW nrhw;fs; Ntz;lhk; kd;dtNdhL mtDf;F vjpuhfg; gifr; nrhw;fisg; NgRjy; $lhJ vd;gij> “nfhw;wtNdh nljpHkhW Ngr Ntz;lh" (cyfePjp ghly;: 04) vDk; tupfs; czHj;Jfpd;wd. Vnddpy;> “Nte;jd; rPwpd; Mk;Jiz ,y;iy" (nfhd;iw Nte;jd; : 88) mjhtJ> murdpd; rpdj;jpw;F eP Mshdhy; cdf;Fj; JizahthH ahUk; ,Uf;fkhl;lhH. vdNt Nte;jd; Nghd;w caHe;j gjtpfspy; ,Ug;gtHfsplk; vjpHkhW Ngrpf;nfhz;bUg;gijj; jtpHj;JtpLtJ tho;tpw;F ed;W vdf; $wpr;nrd;wdH. kidtpiaf; Fw;wk; $whNj

“Gfo;Gupe;j ,y;ypNyhHf;F ,y;iy ,fo;thHKd; VWNghy; gPL eil" (Fws;: 59)


TdLm 289

Gfiof; fhg;ghw;w tpUk;Gk; kidtp ,y;yhjtUf;F> ,fo;r;rpahfg; NgRgtH Kd;Nd VWNghy; elf;Fk; ngUkpj eilAk; ,y;iy.

“md;gfj; jpy;yh capHtho;f;if td;ghw;fz; tw;wy; kue;jspHj; jd;W" (Fws;: 78)

vdNt> kidtpaplk; Fw;wk; ,Ue;jhYk; mDrupj;Jg; Nghf Ntz;LNk jtpu> mjidg; ngupJgLj;jpg; Ngrf;$lhJ. ,jid cyfePjp>

“kidahisf; Fw;wnkhd;Wk; nrhy;y Ntz;lh" (cyfePjp ghly;: 05) vd;Dk; tup $WfpwJ. tk;G thHj;ijfSf;Fr; nrtpkLf;fhNj tk;G thHj;ijfSk;> Nfhs; thHj;ijfSk; NgRgtHfspd; thapypUe;J Gwg;gLk; thHj;ijfis vjpHghHj;J miyahNj vd;gij>

“thHj;ij nrhy;thH tha;ghHj;Jj; jpupa Ntz;lh" (cyfePjp ghly;: 06) vDk; tup czHj;Jfpd;wJ. NkYk;>

“Nfhl;nrtpf; Fwis fhw;Wld; neUg;G" (nfhd;iw Nte;jd;: 24) vdf; nfhd;iwNte;jd; $Wfpd;wJ. Gwq;$Wjiyf; Nfl;f tpUk;Gk; fhjpid cilatNdhL Gwq;$Wgtd; ,izjy; fhw;NwhL NrHe;j jPapidg; Nghyf; nfLjp gag;gjhFk;. vdNt> cdf;F ed;ik gaf;fhj nrhw;fSf;F nrtpnfhLf;fhky; ,Ug;gNj rpwg;G vdf; $wpr;nrd;wdH. Kbe;j nraYf;F tUe;jhNj vLj;j fhupak; nfl;Lg; Nghdij xUehSk; tUe;jpg; Ngrpf; nfhz;buhNj vd;gij>

“fzf;fopit xUehSk; Ngr Ntz;lh" (cyfePjp ghly;: 07) vDk; tup czHj;Jfpd;wJ. NkYk;>

“gioad fopjYk; Gjpad GFjYk; tOty fhy tifap dhNd" (ed;D}y;. nrhy;: 462)

Vnddpy;> Kbe;j nraiyf; Fwpj;J tUe;jpf; nfhz;bUg;gjdhy; ve;jg; gaDk; tpisag;Nghtjpy;iy. KiwNfL nra;a Ntz;lhk; ed;ikNa jUtJ vd;whYk;> eLTepiyik jtWtjhy; tUfpd;w tsj;ij> mg;NghNj cs;sj;jpypUe;J Nghf;fptpl Ntz;Lk;. ,jidNa ts;StH>

“ed;Nw jupDk; eLtpfe;jhk; Mf;fj;ij md;Nw xopa tply;" (Fws;: 113)

vd;fpwhH NkYk;> “tha;ik vdg;gLtJ ahnjdpd; ahnjhd;Wk; jPik ,yhj nrhypd;" (Fws;: 291) ,jidNa tpsf;Ftjha; mike;Js;sJ. vdNt> xU tof;fpy; cz;ikia mope;J Nghfr; nra;fpd;w Ngr;rpidg; NgrhNj. ,jidNa> “thjhb tof;fopT nrhy;y Ntz;lh" (cyfePjp ghly;: 10) vd;fpwJ cyfePjp. Guhzq;fspy; jhok;g+ ngha;rhl;rp $wpajhy; jhd; Myaq;fspy; ,iwtopghl;Lf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy vd;w fijAk; kf;fspilNa cz;L. vdNt ngha; nrhw;fs; $wp xU tof;fpid ntd;nwLg;gJ vd;Wk; Jd;gj;ijNa jUk;. ,wg;G NeupbDk; ngha;nrhy;y Ntz;lhk; eP ,we;J Nghf NeHe;jhYk; ngha; nrhy;yhNj vd;gij> “,we;jhYk; ngha;jd;idr; nrhy;y Ntz;lh" (cyfePjp ghly;: 10) vDk; tup czHj;Jfpd;wJ. NkYk;> “kdj;njhL tha;ik nkhopapd; jtj;njhL jhdk;nra; thupd; jiy" (Fws;: 295)


TdLm 290

mjhtJ> kdj;NjhL nghUe;jpa tha;ikiaNa xUtd; nrhy;yp tUthdhdhy;> mtd; jtj;NjhL jhdKk; nra;gtupDk; kpfTk; rpwe;jtd; Mthd; vd;fpd;wJ. ,jw;F kf;fspilNa toq;fp tUk; mupr;re;jpu ehlfj;jpid vLj;Jf;fhl;lhff; $wyhk;. cwtpdHfis mtkjpf;fhNj gpwUila Fw;wj;ij kl;LNk cw;W Nehf;fpf; Fiw nrhy;ypf; nfhz;bUe;jhy; cdf;F cwtpdH vd;W ahUk; ,Uf;f khl;lhHfs; vd;gij> “Fw;wk; ghHf;fpd; Rw;wk; ,y;iy" (nfhd;iw Nte;jd;: 18) vd;Dk; tup czHj;Jfpd;wJ. ,jidNa> “cw;whiu cjhrpdq;fs; nrhy;y Ntz;lh" (cyfePjp ghly;: 08) vd;fpwJ cyfePjp. cwtpdHfis mtkjpj;Jg; NgrhNj vd;gNj ,jd; tpsf;fkhFk;. NkYk;> “qg;Nghy; tis" (Mj;jp#b: 15) vd Mj;jpr;#b $Wfpd;wJ. mjhtJ> jkpo; neLq;fzf;fpy; ~q| vd;Dk; capHnka; vOj;J tupirapy; ~q| vd;Dk; vOj;J kl;LNk Kjd;ikahf epd;W> gad;ghl;by; ,y;yhjh qh> qp>qP Nghd;w kw;w vOj;Jf;fisAk; ,izj;J neLq;fzf;fpy; NrHj;J itj;jpUg;gJ Nghy> ePAk; gad;ghL fUjhky; cd; Rw;wj;jpdiunay;yhk; jOtpf;nfhz;L mtHfSf;F cupa kupahijia nfhLg;ghahf. vdNt> cwtpdHfsplk; Fw;wk; ghHf;fhky; tise;J nfhLj;Jr; nry;tNj ed;ik gaf;Fk;. fl;Liuj;J thHj;ijfisg; NgrhNj eP fz;lwpahj tp\aj;ijg; gw;wpa nrhw;fis tpje;J $whNj vdf; $WfpwJ. “fhzhj thHj;ijiaf; fl;Liuf;f Ntz;lh" (cyfePjp ghly;: 09) “gifapd;W gy;yhH gopnaLj; (J) Xjp eifnahd;Nwh ed;gadhf; nfhs;thd; gakpd;W nka;tpjpHg;Gf; fhz;ghd; nfhbWilj;Jf; nfhy;thd; Nghy; iftpjHj; (J) mQ;rg; gLk;" (ePjpnewp tpsf;fk;: 73) tpNuhjNkapy;yhky; gyUila FiwghLfisAk; tpje;njLj;Jf; $wpf;nfhz;L> rpupg;gJ xd;iw kl;LNk ey;y gpuNahrdkhfg; ngWgtd;> gaNdJkpy;yhky;> ruPu eLf;fj;ijg; ghHj;J ,urpg;gjw;fhfNt gpwH jhiliaj; jfHj;J ,k;rpg;gtidg; Nghy vy;NyhuhYk; fuq;fs; eLq;FkhW mQ;rg;gLthd; vd;gNj ,jd; tpsf;fkhFk;. vdNt fhzhj thHj;ijfisf; fz;lijg;Nghy; fl;Liuj;Jg; NgRtijj; jtpHj;JtpLq;fs;. Gz;gLj;Jk; thHj;ijfisg; NgrhNj “Gz;glNt thHj;ijfisr; nrhy;y Ntz;lh" (cyfePjp ghly;: 09) gpwH cs;sk; tUe;JkhW thHj;ijfisr; nrhy;yhNj vd;gJ ,jd; tpsf;fkhf mike;Js;sJ. “Qak;gl ciu" (Mj;jp#b: 17) “jPapdhw; Rl;lGz; cs;shWk; MwhNj ehtpdhy; Rl;l tL" (Fws;: 129) jPapdhy; Rlg;gl;l Gz; $l MwptpLk;. Mdhy; gpwH kdk; tUe;Jk;gbahfg; Ngrpa thHj;ijfs; kdjpy; ,Ue;J kiwtjpy;iy. vdNt gpwiug; Gz;gLj;Jk; thHj;ijfisg; NgrhjpUg;gJ tho;f;iff;F eyk; gaf;Fk;. fyfg; Ngr;Rfisg; NgrhjPHfs; “jpwk;Ngrpf; fyfkpl;Lj; jpupa Ntz;lh" (cyfePjp ghly;: 10) cd;Dila jpwikfis ePNa nkr;rpg; Ngrpf;nfhz;L gpwuplk; fyfkpl;Lf; nfhz;L miyahNj vd;gNj ,jd; tpsf;fk;. “xstpak; NgRjy; Mf;fj;jpw;F mopT" (nfhd;iw Nte;jd;: 18) “nfsit nrhy;ypd; vt;tUf;Fk; gif" (nfhd;iw Nte;jd;: 25) mjhtJ> gpwiug; gw;wpg; gopr;nrhw;fisg; Ngrpf;nfhz;bUe;jhy; mg;gbg; NgRgtd; vy;NyhUf;Fk; tpNuhjpahfp tpLthd;. vdNt fyfg; Ngr;Rfs; vd;Wk; Jd;gj;ijNa jUk;.


TdLm 291

Vry; nra;j cwtpdHfis ehbr;nry;yhNj “Vrypl;l cw;whiu ee;j Ntz;lh" (cyfePjp ghly;: 10) cd;id ,fo;e;Jiuj;j cwtpduplk; xU fhupaj;jpw;fhf ehbr; nrd;W epw;fhNj> vd;gNj ,jd; tpsf;fkhf mike;Js;sJ. cwtpdHfis cjhrPdg;gLj;jhNj vd;W $Wk; ,t;thrpupaH> Vrypl;l cwtpdiu ehbr; nry;yhNj vd;Wk; $wpAs;shH. vdNt> kdpjHfSf;Nfw;g> ,lq;fSf;Nfw;w tifapy; ele;J nfhs;tNj rpwg;ghf mikAk;. KbTiu ,t;thW> nghy;yhq;F> GwQ;nrhy;> fyfk;> gopj;jy;> ngha;> cjhrpdq;fs;> fl;Liuj;jy; vdg; gytifahd gpwiug; Gz;gLj;Jk; Ngr;Rfs; vd;Wk; Jd;gj;ijNaj; jUk; vd;W 18 Mk; E}w;whz;ilr; NrHe;j cyfehjUk; $wpAs;shH. rpwe;j ,y;tho;f;iff;F ,j;jifa ,opthd Ngr;Rfisj; jtpHj;JtpLtNj rpwg;ghf mikAk; vd;gij ,f;fl;Liu Kd;itf;fpd;wJ. JizE}w; gl;bay; 1. ftpQH gj;kNjtd;> jkpo;g;gpupad; (c.M) (2016)> ePjpE}w; fsQ;rpak; nfhw;wit ntspaPL>

nrd;id 05 2. Gypa+H Nfrpfd;> (c.M) (2015)> jpUf;Fws;> g+k;GfhH gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id 108 3. (KidtH Njtpuh (,uhNre;jpud;)> (2011) jkpo; ,yf;fpaj; jfty; fsQ;rpak;> ee;jpdp

gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id 101. 4. Ruhtpd; - jkpo; - jkpo; - Mq;fpy mfuhjp.


TdLm 292

mfehD}w;wpy; mwnewpf; $Wfs;

Nfh.myNkY

KO Neu Kidth; gl;l Ma;thsh; muR kfsph; fiyf;fy;Y}hp> fpUl;bzfphp

Kd;Diu goe;jkpoh;fspd; gz;ghl;L ,yf;fpakhf rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; jpfo;fpd;wd tho;tpaiy vLj;Jiuf;Fk; fhyf; fz;zhbahfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wd. njhif E}y;fSs; mfE}yhfTk;> mftho;tpaiy vLj;Jiuf;Fk; E}yhfTk; tpsq;ff;$ba mfehD}W ghly;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;w mwnewpf; $Wfis MuhAk; tpjkhf ,f;fl;Liu mikfpd;wd. mwk; tpsf;fk; ‘mwk;’ vd;gJ xOf;f newpfis Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. ,yf;fpaq;fs; KOikngUtjw;F ehd;F cWjpg; nghUs;fisf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. mit mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk;> tPL vd;gdthFk;. ,yf;fpaq;fSf;F vg;gb Kjyhtjhf ;mwk;’ Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngUfpd;wNjh mijg;Nghy tho;tpaYf;Fk; mwk; Kjyhtjhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;gij czh;j;Jfpd;wd. mwk; vd;gJ jdpkdpjidAk;> rKjhaj;ijAk; newpg;gLj;Jk; xOf;f newp vd;W rhd;Nwhh;fs; $Wfpd;wdh;. ‘mwk;’ vd;gjw;F flik> Nehd;G> jUkk;> fw;G> ,y;ywk;> Jwtwk;> ey;tpid> mwE}y;> mwf;flTs; vd;W fofj; jkpofuhjp nghUs; jUfpd;wJ. (fofj; jkpofuhjp g-60) jiytdpd; mwk; “tpidNa Mlth;f;F caph;” njhy;fhg;gpak; vLj;Jiwg;gJ Nghy> jiytd; nghUsPl;lr; nry;fpd;whd;. fhjypj;J kzk; nra;j jiytpia tpl;Lr;nry;fpwhd; ghiy epy ,d;dy;fs; midj;Jk; fle;j gpwF jd; neQ;rkhdJ jiytpia epidj;J tUe;JfpwJ. jiytd; jd; neQ;rj;jplk; Nfl;fpd;whd;> neQ;Nr nghUs; <Ljy;> mwk; Nghd;w ew;fUj;Jf;fis vLj;Jf;$wp> xsp nghUe;jpa new;wpiaAilatSk;> fyq;fkw;w fw;gpid cilatSkhd vd; jiytpia tpl;L gphpar; nra;jjid> “tpid ed;whjy; ntWg;gf; fhl;b kid khd; fw;gpd; thZjy; xopa” (mfk; 33:1-2) vd;w ghlybfs; jiytd;> jiytpia jdpj;J ,Uf;Fk; epiyia je;Jtpl;Nlhk; vd;w kd czh;it ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. NkYk; nghUsPl;l te;j gpwF tpidia Kbf;fhky; jpUk;gr; nrd;why; gpwh; Vydj;Jf;Fk; ,fo;r;rpf;Fk; fhuzkhfptpLk; vd;gij> “md;W ek; mwpaha; MapDk;> ,d;W ek; nra;tpid Mw;Ww tpyq;fpd;> va;Jit my;iyNah> gpwh; eF nghUNs?” (mfk; 33:18-20) vd;w ghlybfs; Ntiyf;F NghdgpwF jd;Dila kdkhw;wj;Jf;fhf Ntiyia Kbf;fhky; nry;yf;$lhJ vd;w vz;zk; mwj;ij czh;j;Jfpd;wJ. jiytdpd; flik czh;T tpidtapw; gphpe;J tpid Kbe;J jpUk;gpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; jiytd; tUk; topapy; Mz; khd; jd;Dila ngz; khidAk;> Fl;bfisAk; gRik epiwe;j mUfk;Gy;iy mUe;jr; nra;fpwJ. njspe;j ePiug; gUf itj;J ngz; khd;fs; J}q;Fk; ,lj;ijf; fhty; fhf;fpd;w


TdLm 293

Mz;khd;fspd; flik czh;itf; fz;L jd; jiytpia ghJfhf;fhky; jdpj;J tpl;Nlhk; vd;gij>

“,U jphp kUg;gpd; mz;zy; ,uiy nrwp ,iyg; gjtpd; nrq; Nfhy; nkd; Fuy; kwp ML kUq;fspd; klg; gpid mUj;jp njs; mwy; joP,a thh; kzy; milfiu> nky;fpL fTs JQ;r Gwk; fhf;Flk; ngUe;jiff;F cile;j neQrk; Vow nry;f> NjNu” (mfk; 34:4-10)

vd;w ghlybfs; Njh; ghfNd tpiuthf nrYj;Jf tpyFq;fs; $l jd; jiytpia flikAzh;Tld; fhf;fpd;wd. ehDk; vd; jiytpia kfpo;tpf;f Ntz;Lk; Njiu tpiue;J Xl;Lf vd jiytd; $Wfpwhd;. ,y;ywj;jpy; jiytDk; jiytpAk; xUtUf;nfhUth; jd; flikiar; nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;gij czh;j;Jfpd;wJ. jiytpapd; gjpgf;jp jiytd; guj;ijah; tPl;bw;Fr; nry;Yk; topapy; mtd; kfd; FWf;fpl;L je;ijia midj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhd;> je;ijia tpl;L ,wq;f kWf;fpwhd;. jiytd; kfDld; tPl;bw;F jpUk;Gfpwhd;> jd; kfDld; te;j jiytid fz;L ehZfpwhs; jiytp. jd; jiytdpd; re;Njhrj;ijf; nfLj;Jtpl;lhNd ghtp kfd; vd;W fbe;J mbf;fr; nra;fpwhs;. jiytd; Gjy;tid mbthq;fhky; midj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;whd;. jiytp jd; jiytd; re;Njhrkhf ,Uf;f Foe;ij jilahf ,Ue;jij epidj;J tUe;Jtij

“jhNd GFje;NjhNd! ahd; mJ gLj;jndd; MFjy; ehzp> ,bj;J> ,tw; fyf;fpdd; NghYk;> ,f;nfhbNahd; vdr; nrd;W miyf;Fk; NfhnyhL fpWf” (mfk; 66:18-21)

vd;w ghlybfs; jiytd; kPJ nfhz;l md;Gk;> flik czh;Tk; Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. rq;ffhy kfsph; Nghy ,f;fhy kfsph; ,Ue;jhy; rpy Foe;ijfSk;> gy Mz;fSk; capUld; ,Ug;ghh;fs; vd;gijAk;> fztd;> kidtp rz;iliaj; jPh;f;f Foe;ijg; ghykhf ,Ug;gijAk; czh;j;Jfpd;wd. Njhop mwj;njhL epd;wy; jiytp jiytNdhL ele;j ,aw;ifg; Gzh;r;rpahy; nka; NtWgl Ch; kf;fs; myh; J}w;wpdh; mjidf; Fwpg;ghf czh;e;j nrtpypj;jha; jiytpapd; kPJ re;Njfg;gl;L fbe;J nfhz;ltsha;f; fhtYk; Vw;gLj;jpdhy;. Mw;whikahy; jiytp Njhopf;F mwj;NjhL epw;g> Njhop nrtpypj; jha;f;F mwj;NjhL epw;ghsha;f; $wpaJ. md;id! thop ehd; $Wtij Nfl;ghahf: xU ehs; thilf;fhw;W fly; miyfSld; Nkhjpf; nfhz;bUf;f> Gd;id kuj;jpd; fPo; jiytp tpisahbf; nfhz;bUf;f> Gd;id kuj;jpd; fpisapy; jq;fpapUe;j ehiu gwe;NjhLkhW flNyhuj;jpy; Njhpy; xUtd; te;jhd;> jiytp ve;j jtWk; nra;atpy;iy. cd; kfis ,e;j CuhdJ nfhLikAld; myh;J}w;Wfpd;wJ vd;gij

“miyay;-thop Ntz;L> md;id! cah;rpikg; nghJk;gpy;> Gd;idr; rpidNrh;G ,Ue;j tk;g ehiu ,hpa> xUehs; nghq;Ftuy; CijnahL Gzhp miyg;gTk; ciof;fly; toq;fYk; chpad;” (mfk; 190:6-10)

vd;w ghlybfs; jiytp ve;j jtWk; nra;atpy;iy vd;W Njhop jd; jhaplk; mwj;njhL epd;W jd; fUj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jtij mwpaKbfpwJ


TdLm 294

jha; cs;sk; jiytDk; jiytpAk; cld; Nghf;F Nkw;nfhz;ldh;. mjid mwpe;j ew;wha;> Ruk; fle;J nrd;W jd; FWkfs; vg;gb f~;lg;gLfpwhNsh! vd tUj;jg;gl;L ngz; khd; Nghy; ghh;itapidAilatd;. ngw;wts; vd;w md;G kfSf;F ,y;iy. ,Ug;gpDk; vd; kfis ,dpa nkhop NgRk; mtisg; gy ehl;fs; ,Lg;gpy; J}f;fpr; Rke;J> jiythup moF nra;Ntd;. ed;ik gytw;iwr; nra;J mts; ngz;ik eyj;jpidg; Ngzpf; fhj;Js;Nsd; vd;gij mts; mwpe;jhy; mJNt vdf;F NghJk; vd;gij

“khd;gpid Nehf;fpd; kley; yhis <d;w el;gpw;F mUshd; MapDk; ,d;eif KWty; Vioiag; gy;ehs; $e;jy; thhp> ERg;G ,th;e;J> xk;gpa eyk;Gid cjtpAk; cilad; kd;Nd m/Jmwp fpw;gpNdh ed;Wkd; jpy;y” (mfk; 195:6-11)

vd;w ghlybfs; jha;ikapd; czh;it ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. ngz;fs; jpUkzk; Kbe;J fztd; tPl;bw;Fr; nrd;wTld; jha;> je;ijia kwf;Fk; epiy Vw;gLfpwJ. me;j #oypy; jhd; nra;j ed;ikfis kfs; epidj;Jg; ghh;j;jhNy NghJk; vd;w fUj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wd. KbTiu jiytd; Ntiyf;Fr; nry;Yjy;> Ntiyf;Fg; NghdgpwF Ntiyia Kbj;J tUjy;> jiytd; jtW nra;jhYk; mtd; re;Njhrkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd epidf;Fk; ,y;yw jh;kk;> jiytDld; nrd;w jiytpia epidj;J tUe;Jk; jha;ik cs;sk;> Njhop mwj;njhL epd;wy; Nghd;w epfo;Tfs; mwnewpfis ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.


TdLm 295

rq;ffhy Ntshz;ikapy; mwk;

g.ghy;ehafk;

Kidth;gl;l Ma;thsh; jkpopay; Jiw, kNdhd;kzpak; Re;judhh; gy;fiyf;fofk;> jpUney;Ntyp

fy; Njhd;wp kz; Njhd;whf; fhyj;Nj Kd;Njhd;wp %j;jf; Fbahff; fUjg;gLk; jkpohpd; tho;f;ifiag; NgRtjhf mw ,yf;fpaq;fs; mike;Js;sd. gz;ila fhy kf;fs; Kjy; jkpoh;fs; mwnewpfisj; jq;fs; tho;f;ifapy; newp gpwohky; gpd;gw;wp tUfpd;wdh;. mjdhy; kdpj Neak; kf;fspilNa njhlh;e;J kyh;e;J tUfpwJ. kdpjd; mfe;ijaw;wtdhfTk; gz;GilatdhfTk; mwptpy; rpwe;jtdhfTk; ,Ue;jhy; jhd; tho;f;ifapy; Kd;Ndw KbAk;. mjw;F mwf;fUj;Jf;fs; rpwe;j topj;Jizahf mikfpd;wd. gz;ilaj; jkpoh;fSf;F mwk; vd;gJ tho;f;ifapd; xU gFjpad;W tho;T Kw;WNk mwk; vd;w nfhs;ifiaj;; jk; tho;tpy; filgpbj;jdh;.

mwnewp kdpjd; tho;tpy; nra;a Ntz;baJ mwr;nray; MFk;. mwk; vd;gJ kdj;jhYk; nrhy;yhYk; nrayhYk; nra;ag;gLtNj. mwk; nra;jyhy; gy;NtW ed;ikfs; fpilf;Fk;. mwr;nray;fisr; nra;tjhy; kjpg;Gk; nry;tKk; tUk;. gpwUf;Fj; jPq;F nra;af;$lhJ vd gy mwnewpfis md;W Kjy; ,d;W tiu ek; rhd;Nwhh; Fwpg;gpLth;. mwj;jpdhy; tho;Tf;F ed;ikNa tpisAk; vd;gij>

‘rpwg;gPDk; nry;tKk; <Dk; mwj;jpD}q;F Mf;fk; vtNdh caph;f;F’ (jpUf;Fws; Fws;. 31)

ts;Sth; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. mwk; vd;w nrhy; njhy;fhg;gpah; fhyk; njhl;Nl tof;fpypUe;Js;sJ vd;gij> ‘mwf; fopTilad nghUl;gad;glthpd;’ (njhy;. nghUs;. E}w;gh. 25) vd $WfpwJ. rq;f ,yf;fpa E}y;fs; midj;Jk; mfj;ijAk; Gwj;ijAk; ghbdhYk; mtw;NwhL mwj;ijAk; ,izj;Nj ghbAs;sd. mwnewp ,Jntd njspjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gij Iq;FWE}w;wpy;> ‘mwnewp ,Jntd njspe;j’ (gh.v. 375) $WfpwJ. jkpoh;fs; tho;tpy; mwk; ngw;wpUe;j gue;j ,lj;ij ew;wpizapy; ‘mwnkd;w Mf;fKk; NjAk;’ (ew;. gh.v.68) xUtDila tho;f;iff;F mwj;ijtpl ed;ikahdJ Ntnwhd;Wk; ,y;iy. mjdhy; Kbe;jtiuapy; ehs; jtwhky;; mwk; nra;Jnfhz;Nl ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. jhd; nry;yf;$ba ,lq;fspnyy;yhk; mwk; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,g;NghJ ,d;gq;fis mDgtpj;J taJ Kjph;e;j gpd; ey;ywq;fisr; nra;J nfhs;Nthk; vd;W epidahky; nghUs; fpilj;j NghNj mwk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gij>

‘kw;wwpthk; eytpid ahk;,isahk; vd;dhJ ifj;Jz;lhk; Nghh;Nj futh - fwk; nra;k;kpd; Kw;wp apUe;j fdpnkhopaj; jPtspahy; ew;fha; cjph;j;jYk; cz;L’ (ehybahh; gh.v.38)

goe;jkpofj;jpy; kf;fspd; jiyaha njhopyhf cotj;njhopy; tpsq;fpaJ. coTk; coT rhh;e;j njhopy;fSk; kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj; juj;ij eph;zapj;jd. midj;Jj; njhopy;fSk; coit ikakpl;Nl mike;jpUe;jd. coth;fs; rKjhaj;jpy; kjpg;Gf;Fhpath;fshf tho;e;jdh;. ,t;ToTj; njhopy; Fwpj;Jk; coth;fs; Fwpj;Jk; gy;NtW gjpTfs; nrt;tpyf;fpaq;fshf rq;f


TdLm 296

,yf;fpaq;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,g;gjpTfs; mt;Toth; ngUkf;fspd; tho;f;if epiyiaAk; mth;fspd; mwtho;itAk; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jtdhf mike;Js;sd. coth;fs; epiy kdpjd; tpyq;;Ffis Ntl;ilahbAk; MLkhLfis Nka;j;Jk; FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy epyq;fspy; tho;e;j fhyfl;lj;jpy me;epyq;fspy; tuF> rhik> jpid Kjypatw;iwAk; tpistpj;jhd;. Mdhy; tpisr;rypd; gad; mtDf;Fg; NghJkhdjhf ,y;iy. jd;idAk; jd;idr; rhh;e;NjhiuAk; fhg;ghw;Wtjw;F Ntshz; njhopypy; <Lgl;bUe;j coth;fs; fld;gl;Lg; tho;f;if elj;j Ntz;ba #oy; Vw;gl;lJ. ,jid>

‘vUJfhYwhm jpisQh; nfhd;w rpy; tpistufpd; Gy;nyd Fg;ig njhLj;j flth;f;Ff; nfhLj;j kpr;rpy; grpj;j ghzh; cz;L filg;gypd; xf;fy; xw;fQ; nrhypaj; jd;D}hr; rpW Gy;yhsh; Kfj;jsit $wp tuff; fldpWf;Fk; neLe;njhif ‘ (GwehD}W. gh.327 )

vd;w GwehD}w;Wg;ghly; top mwpayhk;. Coth;fs; flikahfg; ghLgl;lhYk; mth;fs; tWik kpf;f tho;f;ifiaNa tho;e;jdh;. coth;fs; cOj cotpid. ‘ey;Nyh; ele;j eirrhy; tpistay; ‘ vd;Wk; ;vUnjwpfskh; Xij’ vd;Wk; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; coT gw;wpf; $Wfpd;wd. coth;fs; taypy; ePh; gha;r;rpj; njhspfyf;fp cOJ Nrw;iw eputpg; gz;gLj;jpa nra;jpia>

‘kpjpAiy nfhy;yd; Kwpnfhbwd;d fitj; jhsytd; msw;wis rpijag; igQ;rha;nfhd;w kz;gL kUg;gpw; fhNuW nghUj fz;zfd; nrUtpd; coh Ez;nlhsp eputpa tpidQh;’

vd;W ngUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil (207-11) $WfpwJ. nkj;jnjd;w JUj;jpia mKf;fp CJfpd;w ciyapw;nfhw;nwhopy; nra;fpd;wtDila Kwpe;j nfhbw;iw nahj;j fg;gpj;j fhy;fisAila ez;bdJ Nrw;wpd;fz; czlhf;fpa Kio nfLk;gb grpa Nfhiuia mbapNy Fj;jpnaLj;j kz;fplf;fpd;w nfhk;igAila fhpa flhf;fs; jk;kpw; nghUj ,lkfd;w nra;apd;fz;> jhk; cog;glhj Ez;zpa Nrw;iw coth; xf;f kpjpj;J eputpdh; vd;W ehw;W eLtjw;Nfw;g epyk; gz;gLj;jg;gl;l nray; ,g;ngUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil thpfspy; tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. elT nra;jy; Nrw;W epyj;jpy; ehw;Wfisg; gutyhf Cd;Wk; nray; eLjy;. eLT nra;Nthh; eLth; vd;W ew;wpizf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ew;wpizr; Nrw;wpy; mOj;jp eLtij> ‘ePh; cW nrWtpd; ehW Kb mOj;j eLenuhL Nrwp Mapd;’ (60: 7-8) vd ew;wpiz $WfpwJ. ‘KbehW mOj;jpa neLePh; nrWtpy;’ (212) vd;W ngUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil vd;W Rl;lg;gLfpwJ. taYf;F ePh; gha;r;Rjy; fskh;> filrpah>; filah; vd;W miof;fg;gl;l ciof;Fk; kf;fs; thpirahf epd;W ,lh> Vw;wk;> g+l;ilg; nghwp> gpoh> gd;wpg; gj;jh; Kjypatw;why; Fsq;fspy; ,Ue;J tay;fSf;Fj; jz;zPh; ,iwj;j fhl;rpiar; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; fhl;Lfpd;wd.tay; jiof;Fk;gb ePiu epiwj;jw;Ff; fhuzkhd Fsq;fspy; epiuahf epd;W njhOth;fs; ePiu ,lthy; Kfe;J xypf;Fk; Xir: Vw;wj;JlNd cyhTk; mfd;w gd;wpg; gj;jhpd; Xir> gaph;fspw; gbAk; fpsp Kjypatw;iw Xl;Lk; Xir Mfpad gw;wpAk; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; $Wfpd;wd.


TdLm 297

gidNahiyahw; nra;j gpoh vd;Dk; Xiyg; ngl;bahy; coth; Mw;wpy; ,Ue;J taYf;F ePh; ,iwj;j nra;jpiar; rpyg;gjpfhuk; “Mk;gpAk; fpohUk; tPq;fpir Vw;wKk;’’ vd;W vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. ney;yWtil nra;jy; MWfspy; nts;sk; khwhky; te;J tpisjy;; ngUFifapdhNy Kw;wpd ney;Y fhw;wbj;J mirjypdhNy vOe;j Xir> ney;yhpthuJ Xirapid>

“nts;sk; khwhJ tpisAs; ngUf ney;ypd; Xij mhpeh; fk; giy” (kJiuf;fhQ;rp:109:10)

vUtpLjy; coTj;njhopypd; mbg;gil nray;fSs; xd;W vUtpLjy; MFk;. “VhpDk; ed;why; vUtpLjy;” (1038). vd ts;Sth; vUtpLjypd; ,d;wpaikahikia $Wfpwhh;. tpisr;riyg; ngUf;Fk; tifapYk; kz; tsj;ijf; fhf;Fk; tifapYk; ,r;nray; goq;fhye;njhl;Nl ele;J tUfpwJ. goe;jkpoh; ,aw;if cuq;fisNa gad;gLj;jpdh;. fisnaLj;jy; Ntshz;njhopypy; gaph;nra;Ak; tpisnghUs;fSf;Fj; jPq;Fr; nra;Ak; jhtuq;fSk; mg;gaph;fspD}Nl tsh;tJz;L. mit tpis gaph;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; ePh;> cuk; Nghd;wtw;iw vLj;Jf;nfhz;L tsh;fpd;wd. ,tw;iwf; fisfs; vd;gh;. ‘ney;Yf;F ,iwj;j ePh; tha;f;fhy; top Xb Gy;Yf;Fk; Mq;Nf nghrpAkhk’ ; vd xsitahh; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. mWtil nra;jy; ney; mWtil nra;j nray; ngUk;ghzhw;Wg;gilapy; tphpthf tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ‘igJmw tpise;j ngUQ;nre; ney;ypd; J}k;Gilj; jpus;jhs; Jkpj;j tpidQh;’ vd;w thpfspy; Jkpj;j tpidQh; vd;gJ mWtil nra;Ak; cotiuf; Fwpf;fpwJ. goq;fhy coth;fs; ney;iy mWj;J te;J Nghuhff; fsj;jpy;; Ftpj;J itj;jdh;. mjd; gpwF flhf;fis tpl;L ney;iyg; gphpj;J vLj;jdh;. coth;fs; mWtil nra;j new;fjph;fisf; fl;lhff; fl;bf; fsj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L nry;th;. ,t;thW fl;lhff; fl;Lk; NghJ mhpe;j jz;Lg; gFjpfisj; jiyg;G khw;wp itj;Jf; fl;Ltij ,d;Wk; fhzKbfpwJ. KbTiu ,JfhWk; fz;l nra;jpfisj; njhFj;J Nehf;Fkplj;J jkpoh;fspd; kuGrhh; coTj;njhopiy ed;F tpsq;fp;f; nfhs;s KbfpwJ. goe;jkpohpd; cstpay; rpe;jidfs; ,d;iwa mwtpay; rpe;jidfSf;F gbf;fw;fshf ,Ue;Js;sik tpsq;FfpwJ. coTj;njhopypy; gpd;gw;wf; $ba gy;NtW cj;jpfisj; jpUts;Sth; coT mjpfhuj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;bUg;gJk; Nehf;fj;jf;fJ. rq;f fhyj;jpy; Ntshz; ghJfhg;gpid ,aw;if topapy; kf;fs; nra;jijAk; ePh;epiyfis kd;dh;fSk; kf;fSk; guhkhpj;ijAk; nrt;tpyf;fpaq;fs; ed;F fhl;rpg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. coth;fs; midj;Jj; jug;gpduhYk; kjpf;fg;gl;ldh;. mth;fSf;F rKjhaj;jpy; cahpa kjpg;gpUe;jJ. coth;fSk; coTj;njhopYk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;lhy; jhd; cyfk; ca;a KbAk; vd;W midtUk; mwpe;jpUe;j fhuzj;jpdhy; jhd; kd;dh;fs; coth;fisf; fyq;fhJ ghJfhj;jdh; vd;gJ mwj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. ghh;it E}y; 1. ng. khijad;> rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; Ntshz; rKjhak;> epA nrQ;Rhp Gf; `T];(gp) ypkpl;>

khh;r; 2010.


TdLm 298

ehybahH czHj;Jk; ey;ywk;

KidtH f.nry;tuhzp

nfsut tphpTiuahsH> ghuj uj;dh Gul;rpj;jiytH Dr.M.G.R muR fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; fy;Y}hp> ghyf;NfhL

Kd;Diu gjpnzd; fPo;f;fzf;F ePjp E}y;fSs; kzpKbahfTk;> Kd;NdhbahfTk; jpfOk; jpUf;FwNshL xg;gpl;L Ngrg;gLk; ngUik tha;e;jJ ehybahH. ,jid “ghYk; nea;AKlYf;FWjp> NtY thS klYf;FWjp> MYk; NtYk; gy;Yf;FWj;> ehYkpuz;Lk; nrhy;Yf;FWjp> gOF jkpo;r; nrhy;yUik ehypuz;by;> ehyb ,uz;b fw;wtdplj;jpy;> thab ifab mbf;fhNj” vd;w Md;NwhH nrhw;fs; ,ijg; Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. mwf;fUj;Jf;fNs kz;zpy; khe;jH ey;y tz;zk; tho;jw;Fhpa newpKiwfis tFf;Fk; vd;gJ jpz;zk;. ey;yd ahTk; mwNk vd;whYk;> mwk; vd;w nrhy;ypw;Ff; flik> Nehd;G> jUkk;> fw;G> ,y;ywk;> Jwtwk;> ey;tpid> mwf;flTs; vd;W gw;gy nghUs;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. xOf;fk;> tof;fk;> ePjp> flif> <if> Gz;zpak;> mwf;flTs;> rkak; vd;W vl;L tif nghUs;fs; cs;sjhfg;GytH Re;ju%Hj;jp Gfo;fpwhH. “nka;ik nghiwAilik Nkz;ik jtk; mlf;fk; nrk;ik xd;W ,d;ik JwTilik – ed;ik jpwk;gh tpujk; fhpj;jNyhL ,d;d mwk;gj;Jk; Md;w Fzk;” vd;w gj;Jtif nghUl;fisg; gfHfpwJ mwnewpr; rhuk; (4:12) ,tw;iw fhye;NjhWk; ,yf;fpaq;fs; typAWj;jp te;Js;sd. ehybahh; ehybahiuj; njhFj;jth; gJkhdhH vd;Dk; GytH jpUf;Fwisg; NghyNt ehybahUk; %d;W ghy;fshfg; gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mit: 1) mwj;Jg;ghy; 2) nghUl;ghy; 3) fhkj;Jg;ghy; vd;git. Mwj;Jg;ghypy; 13 mjpfhuq;fSk;> nghUl;ghypy; 24 mjpfhuq;fSk;> fhkj;Jg;ghypy; 3 mjpfhuq;fSk; mike;Js;sd. mwj;Jg;ghypy; 1) nry;tk; epiyahik 2) ,sik epiyahik 3) ahf;if epiyahik 4) mwd; typAWj;jy; 5) J}a;jd;ik 6) JwT 7) rpdkpd;ik 8) nghiwAilik 9) gpwHkid eathik 10) <if 11) gotpid 12) nka;k;ik 13) jPtpidar;rk; Nghd;w mwq;fs; $wg;gl;Ls;sd. rpdkpd;ik rpdk; kdpjdpd; ew;gz;Gfisr; rpijj;J xU fzj;jpy; kpUfkhf khw;wptplf;$ba ,ay;GilajhFk; ts;Stg; ngUkhDk;. “eifAk; ctifAk; nfhy;Yk; rpdj;jpd; gifAk; csNth gpw” (Fws;) “jd;idj; jhd;fhf;fpd; rpdq;fhf;ff; fhthf;fhy; jd;ikNa nfhy;YQ; rpdk;” (Fws;) vd;W mwpTiu $Wfpd;whH. ,j;jifa nfhba rpdj;ij ePf;fNtz;Lnkd ehybahUk; $Wfpd;wJ. jk;ik> gpwH kjpj;jhYk;> kjpf;fhtpl;lhYk; rhd;NwhH rpd;q;nfhs;syhfhJ vd;W $Wfpd;whHfs;. rpdkpd;ikia kdpjkd caHtpw;Fj; Njitahd rhd;whz;ikg; gz;GfSs; xd;nwdf; fhl;Lk; ehybahH>


TdLm 299

fPo;kf;fs; fpohd nrhw;fs; nrhy;ypDk; Nkd;kf;fs; rpde;J mj;jifa nrhw;fisf; $whH. ,f;fUj;ij XH vspa ctikapd; %yk; gpd;tUk; nra;Ashy; czh;j;Jfpd;wJ. “$Hj;jeha; nfstpf; nfhsf;fz;Lk; jk; thahy; NgHj;Jeha; nfstpdhH <q;fpy;iy – ePHj;jd;wpf; fPo;kf;fs; fPoha nrhy;ypaf;fhy; nrhy;gNth Nkd;kf;fs; jk; thahy; kPl;L” eha; jk;ikf; fbj;jnjd;W jk; thahy; ehiaf;fbahH ,t;Tyf;fpy; ,y;iy. mJNghyf; fPo; kf;fs; jfhj nrhw;fisr; nrhd;dhy;> rpdq;nfhz;L jhKk; mt;top nrhw;fisf;$whH. nghiwAilik ez;gH jkf;F ,d;dh nrapDk;> mit ,dpaitNa vd;W nghWj;J> mj;Jd;gj;jpw;F;f fhuzkhfpa jk; Co;tpidia epide;J tWe;j Ntz;LNk jtpu> mtHfisf; iftpl;L tplf;$lhJ. jhk; nra;Ak; Fw;wq;fisg; nghWg;gH vd;WjhNd rhd;NwhHfsplk; el;igtpUk;Gfpd;wdH. ,t;thW nghiwAilikia el;gpw;F ,yf;fzkhf ehybahH tfpj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. gpwd;kid eathik xOf;fKilatdhf tho tpUk;Gfpd;w jd;id ew;gz;ghsdhf caHj;jpf; nfhs;s tpUk;Gfpd;w xt;nthUtDk; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba ,d;wpaikahj mwnewp gpwd;kid eathik MFk;. fw;Gnewp MltH> kfspH ,UtHf;Fk; nghJ newpNaahFk;> ,jid

“mwk; Gfo; Nfz;ik ngUik ,e;ehd;Fk; gpwd;jhuk; er;RthHr; Nruh – gpwd;jhuk; er;RthHr; NrUk; gifgop ghtk; vd;W mr;rj;Njh be;ehw; nghUs;!”

vd;Dk; ghlyhy;> gpwd;kidia tpUk;Ggtdplk; mwk;> Gfo;> rhd;NwhH el;G> ngUik Mfpa ehw;nghUSk; Nruh> khwhfg; gif> gop> ghtk;> mr;rk; vd;Dk; ehd;Nf NrUk; vd;W ehybahH $Wfd;wJ. jhshz;ik jhshz;ik vd;gJ Kaw;rpAilik vd;W nghUs;gLk; kdpjdpd; Kaw;rp mw;Gjkhd Mw;wyhFk;. ehlhnfhd;Nwh> fhlhnfhd;Nwh> mtyhnfhd;Nwh> kpirahnfhd;Nwh vt;top ey;yth; MltH mt;top ey;iy thopa epyNd vd;W Mlthpd; Kaw;rpr; rpwg;igg; ghuhl;Lfpd;whH. xsitahH. Kaw;rprapy;yhj kdpjd; eilgpzNk. Mj;jifa Kaw;rp gw;wp ehybahH $Wfpd;wJ. jhk; kpf;f mwpTilatH vd;W fUjp> rpy njhopiy rpW njhopy; vd;W fUjf;$lhJ. jk; Kaw;rpahy; mjid caHj;jpf; nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;. fiuahdhy; mhpf;fg;gl;l Mykuj;ij mjd;tpOJ jhq;FtJ Nghyj; jd; je;ij jsHTw;w fhyj;jpy; kfd; jd; Kaw;rpahy; jd; Fbia cah;j;Jjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;W $Wfpd;wJ ehyb. jP tpidar;rk; xUtd; jPa nray;fisr; nra;a mQ;Rjy; jP tpidar;rkhFk; Gyhy; cz;Zjy;> gwitfisf; $l;by; milj;jy; Mfpa ,uz;bidAk; jPtpidfs; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ ehybahH. “Jf;fj;J}d; J}q;fpj;Jw tpdfl; NrHfyh Kf;fs; gpzj;j RLfhL – njhf;f tpyq;fpw;Fk; Gs;spw;Fk; fhNl Gyd;nfl;l Gy;ywp thsH tapW”


TdLm 300

Vd;Dk; ehybg;ghly; Gyhy; cz;zypd; ,opit tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. cyfj;jpYs;s ,LfhLfs;. tho;f;ifj; Ed;gq;fspy; mOe;jpj;Jwtwj;ijf; filg;gbf;fhj fatHfspd; gpzq;fisAilad. Mdhy; mwptw;w Gy;ywpthsH tapNwh tpyq;fpw;Fk;> gwitf;Fk; ,LfhlhfpwJ vd;gjhFk;. Md;k caHtpay; Kdpjd; KOikahd kdpjdhf cUthfj;Jiz nra;Ak; gad; kjpg;Gfshf mwk;> nghUs;> ,dgk;> tPL vd;Dk; ehd;Fk; tpsq;Ffpd;wd. ,tw;Ws; mwNk Kjypy; $wg;gLtJ kuG. mwk; tho;f;iff;Fj; Njitahd ghJfhg;G epiyahFk;. kdpjd; nghUisAk;> ,d;gjijAk; mDgtpj;J kfpo newpg;gLj;Jk; rf;jpahf ,Ug;gJ mwk;. kf;fs; newpNahLk;> xOf;fj;NjhLk;> KiwNahLk; tho;tjw;F mbg;gil Mw;wyhfTk; tpsq;FtJ mwNk. gue;Jgl;l nghUSila ,t;wk; ,y;ywk;> Jwtwk; vd ,Utifahf mikfpd;wJ. ,j;jifa mwj;jpid ehybahH eakhf vLj;J ,ak;Gfpd;whH. nry;tk; epiyahik cyfpy; nry;tk; $j;jhl;L mitf; Fohk;Nghd;W tUk; NghFk; ,ay;GilaJ. mWRit cz;bia ,y;yhs; mkHe;J Cl;lg; gytifg;gl;l czT tiffs; ,Uj;jyhy; xt;nthd;wpYk; xUgpb cz;L nrOik kpFjpahy; mJNt NghJkhdjhf cz;l nry;tUk; twpatuhdhy; NtW vq;nfq;Nfh nrd;W ,ue;Jz;z Ntz;btUk;. vdNt nry;tepiyahdikia czHjy; ed;W. cz;zhkYk; jk; kjpg;ig cyfpy; epWj;jpf;nfhs;shkYk;> Gfio epiy epWj;jhkYk;> cwtpdh; JaHfisahkYk;> tPzhfg; nghUis itj;jpUg;ghdhapd; INah! mtd; mg;nghUis ,oe;jhd; vd;W vz;zg;gLthd; vd;gij> “cz;zhd; xspePwhd; xq;FGfo; nra;ahd; Jd;dUq;NfhspH JaH fisahd; - nfhd;Nd toq;fhd; nghUs; fhj;jpUg;ghNdy; m M! ,oe;jhndd; nwz;zg; gLk;.!” vd;W czHr;rpeak; jJk;g ciuf;fpdwJ ehyb. ,sik epiyahik ,sikg; gUtw;wpidAk; cly; mofpidAk; epiyahdJ vd;W kaq;Fk; khe;jH gyH. mtHfSf;F ,sik epiyahikia typAWj;Jfpd;wJ ehybahH. ey;ywpthsH eiu tUnkd;nwz;zpf; Fotpg; gUtj;jpNyNa JwT G+z;gH. epiyaw;w ,sikf; fhyj;jpy; kfpo;e;jpUg;gtH NfhY}d;wpj; js;shb vOe;jpUg;gH. nrhy; jsh;e;J NfhY}d;wpr; NrHe;j eilapduha;g gy;fod;W> jhohj; jsuhj; jiy eLq;fhj; jz;^d;wh tPoh> vd;nwy;yhk; kf;fs; Kjpatuhtijr; nrhy;Nyhtpakhf;fpAs;sJ ehyb. ahf;if epiyahik tho;Nt Jd;gkakhdJ vd;w nfhs;if rkz rkaj;jpy; jiyaha nfhs;ifahf tpsq;fpAs;sJ. gpwg;Ng Jd;gk;> %g;G Jd;gk; mtw;iwg; Nghd;Nw NehAk; ,wg;Gk; Jd;gk; epiwe;jit. tho;f;if vd;gJ Jd;gj;ijf; jtpu Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy vd;gJ rkz rkaf; Nfhl;ghL. vdNt Jd;gj;jpw;Fk;>gpwtpf;Fk; nfhs;fydha ahf;if epiyahikia ctik eaj;Jld;> ftpj; jpwj;JlDk;> eil eyj;JlDk; caHr;rpg; ngUf;Fld; tHzpf;fpd;whH. mwd;typAWj;jy; mwj;ij tpUkghJ nghUisNa tpUk;gp> ehk; ,wg;Nghk; vd;W epidahJ tho;ehs; KOtJk; cioj;Jf; nfhz;NlapUe;jhy; tho;ehl;fs; fle;J tpl;ld. kWikf;F vd; nra;tJ? vd;W tpdTfpd;wJ ehybahH fUk;G Miyf;fhuDf;Ff; fUk;G rhWjtp> jhd;rf;ifahf;f fopAk;> mJNghy mwnthOf;fk; cilatDf;F cly; mtdJ kWikf;Fg; gad;gLk; Gzpaq;fisr; nra;a cjtp> jhd; NfhJ Nghy; fopAk; jd;ikAlilaJ. vdNt mUk;ngwy; ahf;ifiag; ngw;w gaj;jhy; ngUk;gaDk; Mw;wNt nfhs;f vd;w $Wfpd;wJ.


TdLm 301

gy;tif mwq;fs; “mwpkpd; mwnewp: mQ;Rkpd; $w;wk;: nghWkpd; gwph;fLQ;nrhy;: Nghw;Wkpd; tQ;rk; ntWkpd; tpidjPahH Nfz;ik: vQ;Qhd;Wk; ngWkpd; nghpahHthapr; nrhy;” vd;Dk; ghlypy; mwq;fs;gy mLj;jLj;J mLf;fpf; $wg;gLfpd;wd. KbTiu ,q;qdk; ehybahH tho;f;iff;Fj; Njitahd ey;ywf;fUj;Jf;fis eaKw vLj;J ,ak;Gfpd;wJ ehybahH “etpd;NwhHf;F ehSk; ed;ik gaf;Fk;” vd;gJ ,f;fl;Liuapd; %yk; ed;F mwpayhk;. mwj;jpd; Nkd;ikia kpf mOFlDk;> Mo;e;j nghUSlDk; ms;spj; jUfpd;wJ.


TdLm 302

esntz;gh $Wk; mwk;

K. khhpak;khs;

Kidth; gl;l Ma;thsh;> jkpopay; Jiw kNdhd;kzpak; Re;judhh; gy;fiyf;fofk;> jpUney;Ntyp

,yf;fpaj;jpd; caph; Xl;lk; mwf;fUj;Jf;fNs MFk;. g+f;fshy; njhLf;fpd;w khiyapy; ehh; ,Ug;gJ njhptjpy;iy. Mdhy; ehh; ,Uf;fpwJ. mJNghy clk;gpy; cs;s caph; njhptjpy;iy. Mdhy; caph; ,Uf;fpwJ ,yf;fpaj;jpYk; Mrphpah;fs; mwf;fUj;Jf;fis ,t;thW jhd; mikj;jpUf;fpd;wdh;. fhjy;> tPuk;> nfhil vd nghw;fhykhf tpsq;fpa rq;f fhyj;jpy; kf;fs; rpwe;J tpsq;fpdh;. fhyk; nry;y> nry;y kf;fs; kdjpy; ,Ue;j rpwe;j czh;Tfs; mopaj; njhlq;fpd. rKjhaj;jpid rPh;Fiyf;Fk;> vz;zq;fshd kJ> #J> khJ> nfhiy kw;Wk; fsT Nghd;wit tUthapd. ,f;fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; mwj;ij typAWj;Jk; tifapy; jkpopYk; ,yf;fpaq;fs; Njhd;wpd. rq;f fhyj;jpy; vOe;j E}y;fs; ,d;g czh;r;rpfis kl;Lk; ghLnghUshff; nfhs;shky; mwj;jpidAk; typAWj;jp kf;fs; kdijg; gz;gLj;jpd. “ey;yJ nra;jyhw;wPuhapDk; my;yJ nra;j Nyhk;Gkpd;” (55:6-7) vd GwehD}W ghly; $Wfpd;wJ. ,g;ghlypd; %yk; jkpohpd; tho;tpay; rpe;jidia mwpa KbfpwJ. rq;fk; kUtpa fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; vOe;j ePjp E}y;fs; tho;f;ifia rPuikg;gjw;Fk;> Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; Vw;w ePjp E}y;fisf; $wpd. kdpjd; ,t;thW elj;jy; Ntz;Lk;> vt;thW elj;jy; $lhJ vd;gijAk; tpsf;fpf; $WtJ ,jd; ,ay;G “kwe;Jk; gpwd;NfL Row;f #opd; mwk; #ok; #o;e;jtd; NfL” (jpU.204) vd;W mwnewpapd; Moj;jpid ts;Sth; Rl;bAs;shh;. “mwe;jhd; tUtNj ,d;gk; kw;Wvy;yhk; Gwj;j GfOk; ,y” (jpU.39) vd;fpwhh; ts;Sth; kdpj tho;f;ifapd; kpf cd;djkhd gphpTfs;> mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk;> tPLNgW ,tw;wpy; Kjd;ikahd ,lj;ijg; ngw;Ws;sJ mwg;gz;G MFk;. kdpjid khz;Gs;s tdhf;fpd;wd. ,j;jifa mwf;fUj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;lNj jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; MFk;. ehw;nghUl;fSs; Kjyhtjhfg; NgRg;gLtJ mwk;. ,JNt vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; njhlf;fkhf mikfpwJ. mwk; vd;gjw;F ey;y nray;fspd; njhFjp vd;gJ nghUs; jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs; nghJthf mwj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Nl ,aw;wg;gl;ld. mwk; vd;w jkpo; nrhy;Yf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Ethics vd;w Mq;fpyr; nrhy; jkpkdpjd;> gpwUld; njhlh;G nfhs;sj; Jiz nra;Ak; ,ay;ghd xOf;fk; vd tpsf;fk; jUfpd;wd. mwk; vd;Dk; nrhy;ypw;F ey;tpid> Iak;> Viofl;F nfhLg;gJ> NehahspfSf;F kUe;J mspj;jy; eskhdJ. ,d;gk;> jFjpahdJ> fw;G> Nehd;G> mwg;gad;> Mak;> Xjp (Qhdk;)> mwr;rhiy> mwj;nja;tk;> eLepiyawk;> Nghd;w gjpide;J tifahd nghUs;fis Ngufhuhjp jUfpd;wJ. NkYk; mwk; vd;gjw;F xOf;fk;> eLT epiyik> ePjp> flik> <if> Gz;zpak; vd gy nghUs;fspy; mwk; vd;w nrhy;ypw;F tpsf;fk; mike;Js;sd.


TdLm 303

mwk; vd;w nrhy; ‘mW’ vd;Dk; Kjdpiy tpidahfg; gpwe;J jPtpidia mWg;gnjdg; nghUs;gLk;. kdjstpy; Fw;wkpy;yhky; ,Ug;gijNa mwk; vd;fpwJ jpUf;Fws;. ,jid> “kdj;Jf;fz; khR,yd; Mjy; mizj;(J) mwd; MFy ePu gpw” (34) vd;w Fwspd; %yk; mwpayhk; mwk; vdg;gLtJ cyfpy; thOk; caph;fSf;nfy;yhk; czT> cilAk; ,Uf;f ,lKk; jUtJ vd;fpwJ. kzpNkfiy> “mwnkdg;gLtJ ahJ vdf; Nfl;gpd; kwthJ ,JNfs;> kd;Daph;f; nfy;yhk; cz;bAk;> cilAk;> ciwASk; my;yJ fz;lJ ,y;” (kzp.105:1-4) vd;Dk; mbfs; rhd;whf mikfpd;wd. esntz;gh R+jpd; jd;ikapid vLj;Jiuf;Fk; NghJ mwj;ijg; gw;wpaf; fUj;jhf “mwj;ijNth; fy;Yk; mUeufpy; Nrh;f;Fk; jpwj;ijNa nfhz;L mUisj; Nja;f;Fk; -kwj;ijNa g+z;LtpNuh jQ;nra;Ak; ngha;r;R+ij kpf;Nfhh;fs; jPz;LtNs vd;whs; njhpe;J” (218) #J mwj;jpid NtNuhL mopf;Fk; vd;wJ. Mdhy; #jhLjiy murdpd; ,ay;ghfTk; fUJfpd;wdh;. kfhghujj;jpy; tpahrd; jUkdplk; murh;fs; #jhbr; nry;tj;ij ,bj;jy; ,ay;Gjhd;. vd;wJ fPo;f;fz;l thpfspd; %ykhf “Nfby; tpOr;nry;tk; Nfhla;J #jhly; VL mtpo;jhh; kd;dh;f;F ,ay;Ng fhz;” (93) mwpaKbfpwJ. esdpd; mwkhf ,t;ntz;ghtpy; esDf;Fk; Gl;fuDf;Fk; ,ilNa #jhl;lk; eilngWfpwJ. ,jid jLf;f esdplk; mikr;rh;fs; gpwh; kid ahid tpUk;Gjy;> #jhLjy;> fs; cz;ly;> ngha; Gfo> nfhLg;gijj; jLj;jy;> Mfpait mwnewp tpOtpNahhpd; nray; vd vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;wdh;. gpd; #jpd; jPikapidAk; vLj;Jf; $wpfpd;wdh;. esd; mwnewpapy; ,Ue;J jtwhJ #jpdhy; ed;ik te;jhYk; jPikte;jhYk; tul;Lk;. ehd; #jhLtjhf nfhLj;j thf;fpid fhg;Ngd; vd;fpwhd;. #jhl;lj;jpy; ,be;j nghUs;fshf ,uj;jpdf;fy; gjpf;fk; ngw;w khiy> ,uz;L ,yf;fk; nghd;> xU Nfhb nghd;> gpd; ehy;tifg; gilahd Fjpiufs;> Njh;fs;> tpy;gilQh;> fspw;Wg;gil ngz;ahidfs; vd Njhw;W> gzpg; ngz;fisAk; ,oe;jhd;. #jhl;lj;jpy; midj;ijAk; Njhw;w esdplk; Gl;fud; jd; kidahshfpa jkae;jpapid gzakhf itj;J #jhlf; $wpajw;F ehd; jd; kidahis #jpy; gzakhf itf;fhky; eplj ehl;ilNa tpl;L ntspNaWNthk; vd;wJ esdpd; mwj;jpid ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,jid GfNoe;jpahh; ntz;ghtpy;> “,dpr; # (J) xope;Njhk; ,dtz;L fpz;b fdpr;#j thh;nghopypd; fz;Nz” (230:1-2) vd;w mbfspd; %yk; vLj;Jiuf;fpwhh;. gpwd; kidahis #jpy; mila epidj;j Gl;fudpd; mwnewp jtwpatdhfTk; fhl;bAs;shh; GfNoe;jp esd; jkae;jpAld; fhl;il mile;jhd;. gpd; mtd; jkae;jpia fhl;by; jdpNa tpl;Lg;gphpfpwhd;. fhl;by; ghk;gplk; rpf;fpa jkae;jpia Ntld; xUtd; kPl;lYk;> gpd; mtd; jkae;jpaplk; jtwhf elf;f Kad;wJk; Rl;bAs;shh;. jkae;jpia jtwhd vz;zj;jpy; neUq;f epidj;j Ntlid NfhgKld; ghh;j;jJk; Ntld; vhpe;J rhk;gyhfpdhd;. ,jpy; fw;G newpapid cilath; jkae;jp vd;gjid. “jPf;fz; Gypnjhlur; nry;Yk; rpWkhd;Nghy; Mf;if jsu myke;J – Nghf; (F) mw;Wr; rPwh tpopj;jhd; rpiyNtld; mt;tstpy; ePwha; tpOe;jhd; epyj;J” (310:1-4)


TdLm 304

vd;Dk; mbfs; %yk; mwpayhk;. fhl;Lj; jPapy; rpf;fpa ghk;gufd; fhh;Nfhlfd; jkae;jpia gphpe;J nrd;w esd; fhz;fpwhd;. gpd; esd; mf;fpdp Njtd; mspj;j tuj;jpdhy; jPapy; ,Ue;J fhh;Nfhlfid fizapd; mbg;gilapy; fhg;ghw;wpajpYk; esdpd; mwr;nraiy mwpayhk;. fhl;by; ,Ue;J esd; mNahj;jp khefiu milfpwhd; thFfd; vd;wg; ngaUld;. gpd; mNahj;jpapd; kd;dd; ,UJgd;ddplk; mwpKfk; Mfpwhd;. ,UJ gd;dd; jkae;jpapd; kPJ nfhz;l Nkhfj;jhy; jkae;jpia epidj;Jf; nfhz;Ls;shd;. ,e;epiyapy; ,uz;lhtJ Kiw jkae;jpapd; Ratuj;jpw;F kd;dh;fs; midtiuAk; tuNtw;fpd;wdh;. jkae;jp esid NjlNt ,uz;lhtJ Ratuk; elj;Jfpwhs; vd;gjid mts; fztidtpl;L NtNwhU Miz epidf;fhky; fw;G newpAld; ,Ug;gijAk; ntspf;fhl;Lfpwhh; Mrphpah;. jkae;jpapd; Ratur; nra;jpia mwpe;j ,UJgd;dd; mtis kzf;f epidg;gij “vd;Nky; vwpfpd;w khiy vopy; esd;jd; Kd;Nd tpOe;jJ fhz; Kd;dhspd; - md;djw;Ff; fhuze;jhd; <d;Nwh vd;whd; flhQ;nrhhpAk; thuze;jhd; md;dhd; kjpj;J” (373:1-4) vd;Dk; thpfspd; %yk; mtdJ Nguhiria vLj;J ,ak;Gfpwhh; ntz;ghtpd; Mrphpah;. fypkfd; thFfd; vd;w ngahpy; ,Ue;j esd; cUkhwpaJk; fyp esdplk; tuk; jUtjhff; $wpaJk; esd; jd; fijapid Nfl;Fk; kf;fis Jd;GWj;jf; $lhJ vd;w tuj;jpid Nfl;lJk; fyp tuk; mspj;jijf; fPo;f;fz;l thpfspy; “vf;fhyj; (J) cd;rhpjk; Nfl;lhiu ahd;milNad; kpd;fhy; mapy;Ntyha; nka;nad;W” (411:1-2) Rl;Lfpwhh;. esrhpjk; KOtJk; mwk;> ,d;gk; ,uz;ilANk KOtJkhf NgRfpwJ. ,tw;wpy; esd;> jkae;jp mwnewpapy; ,Ue;J tpyfhky; ,Ug;gijAk; Gl;fud;> fypkfd;> ,UJgd;dd;> Ntld; MfpNahh; mwnewpapy; ,Ue;J jtwpaijAk; mwpayhk;. esrhpjkhdJ rhgtpNkhr;rdk; vd;w fUj;ijAk; typAWj;JfpwJ. rhd;Nwhd; tpsf;fk; 1. esntz;gh – GfNoe;jpahh; 2. GwehD}W %yKk; ciuAk; - m.g.ghiyad; 3. kzpNkfiy %yKk; ciuAk; - rPj;jiyr;rhj;jdhh; jpUf;Fws; - jpUts;Sth;


TdLm 305

,ul;ilf; fhg;gpaq;fspy; mwk;

K.tp[aFkhh; cjtpg; Nguhrphpah;> jkpoha;Tj;Jiw>

= tp[a; tpj;ahyah fiy mwptpay; fy;Y}hp(kfsph;)> ey;yk;gs;sp> jUkGhp

“mOf;fhW mthntFsp ,d;dhr;nrhy; ehd;Fk; ,Of;fh ,ad;wJ mwk;” (jpU. 35)

vd;fpwJ jpUf;Fws;. kdj;J}a;ikNa mwkhFk;. nghwhik> Nguhir> rpdk;> fLQ;nrhy; Mfpatw;iw ePf;fp tho;tNj rpwe;j mwnkd;W jpUts;Sth; mofhf vLj;jpak;gpAs;shh;. r%f Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fk;> jdp kdpj tho;tpay; tsh;r;rpf;Fk; J}z;fshf miktJ fhg;gpaq;fshFk;. ,it mf;fhyk; r%f #oiy ntspg;gLj;JtJ kl;Lkpd;wp rka fUj;jhly;fs; %yk; mwf;fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itj;J mr;r%fj;ij kpfr; rpwe;j Kiwapy; efh;j;jpAk; nry;fpd;wJ. mj;jifa fhg;gpaq;fspy; ,ul;ilf;fhg;gpaq;fs; $Wk; mwf;fUj;Jf;fis ekf;F czh;j;Jfpd;wd. vd;gjidg; gw;wp Muha;tNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fk;. mwk; vd;gjd; nghUs; mwk; vd;why; ey;top> xOq;F> jh;kk; Nghd;w nghUs;fis mfuhjpfs; toq;Ffpd;wd. jkpoh; rpe;fidg; Gyj;jpy; mwk; xU Kf;fpa fUj;JU. kdpjd; jdf;nfd tiuaWj;Jf; nfhz;l xOf;f Kiwfspd; njhFjpNa mwkhFk;. kdpjidg; gpwtpNjhWk; gw;wpf; njhz;L tUk; jPtpidia mWj;J vwptNj mwkhFk;. mwj;jpd; ,ay;Gfs; mwk; vd;gJ ,y;ywk;> Jwtwk; vd;w ,uz;ilAk; Fwpf;Fk;. “,y;ywkhtJ nfhLj;jYk; mspj;jYk; NfhlYk;> ,d;ikAk;> xOf;fKk; Gzh;e;jhh;g; NgzYkhFk;. JwtwkhtJ JwTk; mlf;fKk; J}a;ikAk; jtKk; mwtpidNahk;gYk;” vd;W tpsf;fk; jUfpwJ. (mgpjhd rpe;jhkzp mwE}yhfpa jpUf;Fws;) “kdj;Jf;fz; khrpyd; Mjy; midj;Jmwd; MFy ePu gpw” vd;fpwJ. mjhtJ vz;zk; J}a;ikahf ,Ue;jhy;jhd; nrhy;Yk; nraYk; J}a;ikahf mika KbAk;. vz;zk; Njhd;Wtjw;F ,Ug;gplkhf cs;s kdk;> khR ,y;yhjjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. kdj;jpd; khrpidg; Nghf;Ftjw;F KaYtNj mwj;jpd; ,ay;ghFk;. fhg;gpaq;fs; top mwk; $Wjy; nghJthf mwk; $Wjy; vd;gJ fhg;gpa ,yf;fpa $Wfspy; xd;whFk;. fhg;gpaq;fs; kdpj tho;f;ifapy; gy;NtW epiyfisg; NgRtjhy; mit midj;Jk; mwj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L mike;Js;sJ vdyhk;. ,f;fhg;gpaq;fs; top ‘mwk; nty;Yk;’ jPikahd nray;fs; midj;Jk; Njhw;Fk;> vd;w mbf;fUj;J mike;Js;sJ. ,jd; %yk; kf;fspilNa cs;s xw;Wik czh;T NkNyhq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjid fhg;gpaq;fs; czh;j;Jfpd;wd. fhg;gpaq;fs; mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk;> tPL vd;w mwnewpfis typAWj;Jtdhf mike;Js;sd. Mit mf;fhy murpay; rKjha epiyfisnahl;b ,Ue;jhYk; kf;fSk;> kd;dUf;Fk;> mwg;gz;Gfs; Njit vd;gij typAWj;jg;gl;ld.


TdLm 306

rpyk;gpy; mwf;fUj;J “murpay; gpioj;Njhh;f;F mwk; $w;whjy; ciurhy; gj;jpdpia cah;e;Njhh; Vj;jYk; Co;tpid cWj;J te;J Cl;Lk; vd;gJ}k;” vd;w %d;W mwf;fUj;Jf;fis rpyk;G ntspf;nfhzh;fpwJ. ,tw;wpd; KiwNa murpay;> rKjhak;> kj newpfis Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. murpay; gpioj;Njhh;f;F mwk; $w;whjy; ehl;L kf;fspd; tho;f;iff;Fk; chpikf;Fk; cj;jputhjk; mwpe;Jg; ghJfhg;gJ ePjpj;Jiw MFk;. mj;jifa ePjpia toq;ff; $ba murpd; ePjp toq;FtjpNy jtWthd; vd;why; mwNk mtDf;Ff; $w;Wtd; Mthd;. ghz;ba kd;dd; ePjp mspg;gjpy; jtwp tpLfpwhd; vd;gij “jho;e;j Filad; jsh;e;jnrq; Nfhyd; nghd;nra; nfhy;yd; - jd;nrhw; Nfl;l ahNdh murd;? ahNd fs;td; kd;gijf; fhf;Fk; njd;Gyk; fhty; vd; Kjw; gpioj;jJ nfLfvd; MAs;! vd kd;dd; kaq;fp tPo;e;jdNd njd;dtd;” vd;fpwJ rpyg;gjpfhuk;. fz;zhy; fhz;gJk; ngha; fhjhy; Nfl;gJk; ngha;. jPu tprhhpg;gNj nka; vd;gJ gonkhop. ,f;fUj;jpid kd;dd; iff;nfhs;shjjpdhy; mtdJ nrq;NfhyhdJ tPo;r;rpAw;wJ. kJiuAk; jPf;fpiuahdJ. ePjpia toq;ff; $bath;fs; rhpahd Kiwapy; tprhuid nra;ahky; vLf;fpd;w KbthdJ mth;fisNa mopj;J tpLk; vd;gij murpay; gpioj;Njhh;f;F mwk; $w;whFk; vd;Wk; thp Rl;Ltij mwpayhk;. ciurhy; gj;jpdpia cah;e;Njhh; Vj;jy; gj;jpdp-fw;Gilahs; vd;W nghUs; nfhs;shk;. ngz; vd;gts; fw;Gilatshf ,Ug;ghNsahdhy; mjw;F epfuhd ngUik NtW vJTk; ,Uf;f KbahJ. “ngz;zpd; ngUe;jf;f ahcs fw;G vd;Dk; jpz;ikcz; lhfg; ngwpd;” (jpU. 54) vd;w ts;Stdpd; thf;fpw;F Vw;g rpwe;jtshfj; jpfo;fpwhs; fz;zfp. “Kw;wpio ed;fyk; KOtJk; g+l;ba g+g;gy nra;J fhg;Gf;fil epWj;jp Nfs;tpAk; tpohTk; ehs;njhWk; tUj;J flTs; kq;fyk; nra;f vd Vtpdd;” fw;gpy; rpwe;jtshd fz;zfpf;F Nru Nte;jd; nrq;Fl;Ltd; ,kaj;jpypUe;J nfhzh;e;j fy;ypNy gbtk; mikj;J Kiwg;gb tpohf;Nfhyj;Jld; flTs; topg;ghL nra;AkhW VTtijr; rpyk;G vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. ‘fw;whh;f;Fr; nrd;wtplnky;yhk; rpwg;G’ vd;gJ Nghy; ‘fw;Gilg; ngz;Biu cyfk; Nghw;Wk; vd;w fUj;ij ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. Co;tpid cUj;J te;J Cl;Ljy; Co;tpid vd;gJ gotpidiaf; Fwpf;Fk; Kw;gpwg;gpy; nra;j tpidapd; nghUl;L epfo;fhyj;jpy; elg;gjhff; $Wth;. fhg;gpag; Nghf;Fk; fij khe;jh; nray;ghl;bw;Fk; Ciof; fhuzkhf;fpdhh; ,sq;Nfhtbfs;. Nfhtyd; kw;Wk; cjaFkudpd; ,wg;G jw;nrayhf epfotpy;iy. Gok; tpidNa fhuzkhfpwJ. rpyk;gpy; Nfhtyd; Kw;gpwg;gpy; rq;fkd; nfhiyf;Ff; fhuzkhapUe;jjhYk; kzpNkfiyapy; cjaFkud; Kw;gpwg;gpy; kilaid thshy; ntl;bajhYk; gpw;gpwg;gpy; CohdJ ,th;fisf; nfhd;wJ vd;fpwJ ,ul;ilf;fhg;gpaq;fs.; rkaq;fs; tpidapy; nfhz;l ek;gpf;ifNa


TdLm 307

gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ. ey;tpid jPtpidahfpa ,UtpidfSk; xoptNj Kf;jpf;Fhpa top vd;w mwnewpia vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wJ ,ul;ilf; fhg;gpaq;fs; kzpNkfiyapy; mwf; fUj;J kdpj tho;f;if tpyq;F epiyapypUe;J cah;e;jikf;F VJthf ,Ue;j mwpT. mt;twpit gFj;jwpthf ey;yijAk; jPaijAk; gFj;JzUk; mwpthf Nkd;ikailar; nra;J. kdpjd; xU nrk;ikahd tho;f;if Kiwia cUthf;fpdhd;. mjpy; xw;Wikia md;gpd; top ngUf;f FLk;gk;> rKjhak;> ehL> muR Nghd;w mikg;Gfisj; Njhw;Wtpj;jhd;. Kdpj ,dj;jpd; $l;L tho;f;if mikjpahfTk; ,d;gkhfTk; ,Uf;f kdpjd; fz;l cah; tho;f;if newpiaj;jhd; mwk; vd;fpd;wdh; rhd;Nwhh;fs;. ,jid eilKiwr; nray;ghLfspy; gpd;gw;Wfpd;w nghOJ mJ caph;ngw;w xOf;fnewpahf xk;gg; ngWfpd;wJ. kzpNkfiyapd; Nehf;fk; Gj;j kjj;ijAk; mjd; jj;Jtq;fisAk; gug;Gjy; vd;w epiyapidAk; fle;J. gpw mwq;fs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl grpj;jth;f;F czT mspj;jNy Nguwk; vd;W r%f rpe;ijNahL ,aq;fpaij kzpNkfiy typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. ,jid> ‘cz;b nfhLj;Njhh; caph; nfhLj;Njhh;’ vd;W kzpNkfiy $Wfpd;wJ. <ifj;jpwk; “twpahh;f;nfhd;W <tNj <if kw;nwy;yhk; Fwpnajph;g;ig ePuJ cilj;J” (jpU. 221) vd;fpwJ jpUf;Fws;. ViofSf;F Njitg;gLk; nghUisf; nfhLg;gNj <ifahk;. NtW nfhilfs; vy;yhk; VNjDk; xU gaid vjph;ghh;j;Jf; nfhLf;Fk; jd;ikailajhFnkdf; Fws; $WfpwJ. ,jidNa rPj;jiyr; rhj;jdhh;> “fhzhh; Nfshh; fhy;Klg; gl;Nlhh; NgZeh; ,y;Nyhh; gpzpeLf; Fw;Nwhh; ahtUk; tUf vd;W ,irj;Jld; Cl;b” vd;W $wpAs;shh;. fz; ghh;itaw;Nwhh;fs;> nrtp NfshNjhh;fs;> CdKw;Nwhh;fs;> mehijfs;> Nehahspfs; vd vy;NyhiuAk; mioj;J mth;fSf;F cztspj;J grpg;gpzp ePf;Fk; kUj;Jtdhf tpsq;fpdhd; MGj;jpud; kf;fs; kl;Lky;yhJ tpyq;FfSk; gwitfSk; $l mtd; mspf;Fk; czit vjph;ghh;j;J mtidr; #o;e;J nfhz;bUe;jd. midj;J caph;fspd; grpiag; Nghf;Fk; ew;rpe;jidf; nfhz;l MGj;jpuid <ifj;jpwd; kpf;ftd; vd;fpwJ kzpNkfiy. guk ViofSf;Fk; clYWg;Gf; FiwAilNahh;f;Fk;> Mjhpg;Nghh; ,y;yhjth;f;Fk; cztspf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w mwj;jpd; top ntspg;gLk; <ifj;jpwid mwpayhk;. fharz;bif tbtpy; kzpNkfiy nra;j mwk; kzpNkfyh nja;tk; ciuj;j ke;jpuj;jpd; %ykhf fharz;bifiag; Nghy kzpNkfiy Ntlk; jhq;fp epd;whs;. mjd; gpd;dh; ,ue;J ngWjYk;. ngw;wijg; grpj;Njhh;f;Fj; jUjYk; ,ug;Nghhpd; flikahFk;. Mjypd; grpj;Njhh;f;F vq;fpUe;jhYk; type;J nrd;W nfhLj;jy; rpwg;GilaJ vd;W mwE}w;nghUs; czh;e;Njhh; El;gkhf Muha;e;J ciuj;jij kzpNkfiy vz;zpg; ghh;f;fpwhs;. vdNt mts; jd; mofpa ifapy; mKj Rugpia vLj;Jf; nfhz;L cz;ghiuj; Njbj; jphpfpwhs;. Mjd; gpd;dh; mts; grpj;J ,Ue;Njhiu thUq;fs; vd md;Gld; mioj;J czT toq;fpdhs;.

“Mq;Fg; grpAWk; Mh;caph; khf;fis thq;F ifmfk; tUe;j epd;W Cl;lYk; Cl;ba ghj;jpuk; xd;W”

vdTk; (rpiwf;Nfhl;lk;> mwf;Nfhl;lk; Mf;fpa fhij)


TdLm 308

“MGj;jpud; if mKjRugp ,/J ahtUk; tUf Vw;Nghh; jhk;” (cyf mwtp Gf;f fhij) “Iag; ghj;jpuk; xd;W nfhz;L Mq;F nkha;nfhs; khf;fs; nkhrpf;f Cz; fue;jds; vdTk;” (rpiwf; Nfhl;lk; mwf;Nfhl;lk;> Mf;fpa fhij) ,t;thpfs; %yk; kzpNkfiy rhjp> kjk; ghuhky; rpiwf; Nfhl;lj;ij mwf;Nfhl;lkhf khw;wp mwr;nry;tpahfj; jpfo;fpwhs; kzpNkfiy> ,r;nray;fspd; %yk; kzpNkfiyf; fhg;gpaj;jpy; ,lk; ngWk; mwf;fUj;J Gyg;gLfpwJ. KbTiu murpaypy; tho;NthUk;> cz;ik newp gpwyhky; ,Ug;NghUk; mwnewp jtuhky; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk;. jd; Co;tpidahy; jdf;F Vw;gLk; epfo;itAk; mwr; rhd;Wfs; Rl;Lfpd;wd. mJkl;Lk; my;y njhlf;f fhyk; Kjy; ,f;fhyk; tiu grp> vDk; Nehahy; thLNthUf;Fk;> CdKw;Nwhh;f;Fk; MjuT mw;Nwhh;f;Fk; type;J nrd;W cjTjy; $l mwk; jhd; vd;W fhg;gpa E}y;fs; %yk; mwpaKbfpd;wJ. mwk; vd;gJ vf;fhyj;jpw;Fk; ,r;r%fj;jpy; epiyj;J epw;Fk; jd;ikia vLj;J ,ak;Gfpd;wd ,yf;fpaq;fs; E}y;fs; vdyhk;.


TdLm 309

kzpNkfiy fpisf;fijfspd; Guhzf;$Wfs; top

mwf;fUj;Jfs;

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jpUf;Fwspy; mwk; jpUf;Fwspd; nghUl;ghy; murd; murhl;rp nghUshjhuk;> eph;thfk;> Fbkf;fs; gz;Gfs; gw;wp vOgJ mjpfhuq;fspy; NgRfpwJ. cs;snghUisr; NkYk; ngUf;fTk; mijj; jkf;Fk; gpwh;f;Fk; gad;gLk; ey;topfspy; nrytplTk; mg;nghUis gpwh; tQ;rpj;Jf; ftuhky; fhf;fTk; nghWg;G tha;e;j murikg;Gk; mjw;F mwpTiu $wts;s mikr;ruitAk; Njit. ,j;jifa murpaiyAk; mJepiyg;gl fhuzkhd Fbkf;fspd; ey;topg;gl cah; gz;GfisAk; tpsf;FtJ nghUl;ghypd; cs;sPlhFk;. xU ehl;bd; jiytdhf tpsq;Fk; murd; murdhf kl;Lky;yhky; murUs; jiytdha; tpsq;fNtz;Lk;. murdpd; gz;Gfs; murdpd; nray;jpwq;fisf; $wpr;nry;fpwJ. “mwk; nghUs; ,d;gk; tPliljy; E}w;gaNd” (ed;.10) ehd;tifg; NgWfSk; xd;Wld; xd;W njhlh;GilaJ. ePjpfis mwpTWj;Jk; E}y;fis ePjpE}y;fs; vd;gh; ,jw;F Kw;gl;l fhyj;jpy; mwk; vd;w nrhy;iyNa gz;ilj; jkpo;r; rhd;Nwhh;fs; ‘mwE}y;’ vd;w nghUspy; ifahz;Ls;sdh;. “ mwk; ghbw;Nw ahapio fzy” (Gwk;.34) “mwq;$Wk; Mf;fe;jUk;” (Fws;.183) vd;Dkplq;fspy; mwk; vd;Dk; nrhy; mwj;ij czh;j;J E}y;fisNa Fwpg;gpLtjhf ciuahrphpah;fs; fUJfpd;wdh;. jpUts;Sth; murePjpiag; gw;wp tphpj;Jiuf;Fk; “nghUs;E}iyf; Fwpg;gpl;l NghjpYk; mg;nghUisr; Fwpf;Fk; ePjp vd;w nrhy;iyg; gad;gLj;jtpy;iy vd;gJ Gydhfpd;wJ vdpDk; mth; ‘Kiw’ vd;Dk; nrhy;yhy; murePjp; gy ,lq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ahhplj;Jk; Fw;wk; ,d;dnjd;W Muha;e;J fz;Nzhl;lk; nra;ahky;> eLTepiyikapy; epd;W nra;aj;jf;fij Muha;e;J nra;tNj ePjp KiwahFk; vd;gjid> “Xh;e;J fz;NzhlhJ ,iwGhpe;J ahh; kl;Lk; Njh;e;J nra;t/Nj Kiw” (Fws;.541) vd;Dk; Fwl;gh vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. ,g;nghUspNyNa ‘Kiw’ vd;Dk; nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.


TdLm 310

mwk; vd;w nrhy;ypd; tpsf;fk; ‘Kiw’ nra;J fhg;ghw;...........388) 547>548>553>558>559 ,tw;why; ‘ePjp’ vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUspiwg; gz;ilj; jkpo;r; rhd;Nwhh; ‘mwk;’ ead; Kiw vd;Dk; nrhw;fshy; Fwpj;J te;jdh;. ‘mW’ vd;Dk; tpidr;nrhy; mbahfg;gpwe;jNj ‘mwk;’ vd;Dk; nrhy;yhFk;. ‘mW’ vd;Dk; mbr;nrhy;ypw;F ‘mWj;Jr;nry;’ topia cz;lhf;F cUthf;F ‘J}z;b’ ‘NtWgLj;J’ vd;w gytifg; nghUs;fs; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. ‘gwypNjhWk;’ kdpjidg; gw;wpf; nfhz;L tUk; jPtpidapd; gaid mwpahikia mWj;njwptNj ‘mwk;’ vd;w tpsf;fKk; jpUf;Fws; mwj;Jg;ghy;> ehifg; jz;lghzp> mwk; vd;gJ jdpj;j xU kdpjDf;fhf cUthf;fg;gl;ljy;y> ,Uth; my;yJ gyUf;F ,ilNa r%f cwTfis epyTfpwNghJjhd; mq;Nf mwk; vd;gJ jiyfhl;l KbAk;> mwk; vd;gJ r%f cwTfspy; <LgLfpwJ FO kw;Wk; jdp egh;fSf;fhf cUthdjhFk;. kzpNkfiyapy; mwk; kzpNkfiy cyfpNyNa kpf nfhlikahd grpg;gpzpiaj; jPh;f;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w caph; Nehf;fk; nfhz;l fhg;gpakd;W .khDl NeaKk; khju; Fy Nkd;ikAk; tpsf;Fj; fhg;gpakhFk;.guj;jik rKjhaj;ij xopf;f epidj;j rhj;jdhh; khjtp vd;w yPiykfs; Fyj;jpy; Njhd;wp gj;jpdpaha; tho;e;j khjtpf;F jtg;Gjy;tpaha; gpwe;j kzpNkfiy fhg;gpaj; jiytpahf;fp Gul;rp nra;jhh; rPj;jiy rhj;jdhh; kz;bzp Qhyj;J tho;Nthh;f;nfy;yhk; cz;b nfhLj;Njhh; capu; nfhLj;Njhiu vd;w ghlybfNs kzpNkfiy fhg;gpaj;jpd; mwj;ij Nghjpf;fpwJ kzpNkfiy fhg;gpaj;jpy; Guhzf;$WfSk; mwKk; Rjkjp fij (Kw;gpwg;G) fh.31-40 ,f;fijapid Rjkjp $w khjtp Nfl;fpwhs; G+Tyfpy; vtUk; fhzhj mstpy; thd;top khh;f;fkhf te;jtd; tpQ;irad;. tpQ;irad; nja;t tbtkhfj; Njhw;wk; mspj;jhd;. Guhzf; $Wfspy; xd;whf miktJ ‘kdpjuy;yhNjhh;’ ,f;fijapy; nja;tkhf tpQ;irad; miktjhy; (fhzg;gLtjhy;) ,J Guhzf;$Wfspy; xd;whf Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy; mikfpwJ. Guhzf;$Wfspy; kw;nwhd;W tpQ;irad; vd;Wk; NjtNyhfj;ijr; rhh;e;jth; thd;topNa tUk; cz;ik epfo;T vd;w ek;gpf;if Rjkjp kzpNkfiyaplKk;> khjtpaplKk; gytdk; Ntz;lhk;> ct tdk; NghJk; vd;W $w mf;$w;wpid ek;gpf;ifAld; Vw;W jdJ kfshd kzpNkfiyia> khjtp RjkjpAld; cttdk; Nehf;fp mDg;Gfpwhs;. ,f;fijapy; ek;gpf;if vd;w $w;wpd; mbg;gilapy; NjtNyhfj;jpid rhh;e;jtdhf tpQ;irad; ,Ug;gjhy; GdpjkhfTk; fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thwhf Rjkjp fij (Kw;gpwg;G) Guhzf;$Wfshf ,uz;L kl;LNk fhzg;gLfpwJ. Rjkjp fij (gpw;gFjp) fh.66-70

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TdLm 311

rf;futhsf; Nfhl;lk; (fh.141-145) ,f;fijahdJ kzpNkfyh nja;tk; Rjkjpaplk; $Wtjhf fhzg;gLfpwJ. kzpNkfyh nja;tk; rf;futhsf;Nfhl;lk; vOe;jf; fijapid $WfpwJ. ,jpy; rf;futhsf;Nfhl;lj;jpd; ehd;F thapy;fs;> Jd;gxypfs;> Itif kd;wq;fs;> RLfhL czj;Jk; newpfisr; $wp rhuq;fd; tuyhwpidr; $WfpwJ rhuq;fd; rf;futhsf; Nfhl;lk; topNa nry;Yk; NghJ KJNgapidf; fz;L mQ;rp> jdJ jhaplk; Nrh;e;j gpd;G xU nfhba KJNgapf;F vdJ capiuf; nfhLj;J tpl;Nld; vd;W $wp ,we;jhd;. gpd; jhahd Nfhjik rk;ghjp nja;tj;jplk; jdJ kfd; capiu jpUk;gp jUk;gb KiwapLfpwhs;. ,f;fpisf;fijapy; rk;ghjp nja;tk; kdpjuy;yhNjhuhfTk; Mdhy; ,t;Tyfk; rhh;e;jjhfTk; ciueil tbtpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ‘ek;gpf;if’ vd;w $w;wpid ,we;j caph; kPz;Lk;; caph;tpf;fhJ vd;Dk; mbg;gilapy; GdpjkhfTk; Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ. kzpNkfiyapd; Kw;gpwg;Gf; fij 1fh.9-1-8) ,f;fij. Kw;gpwtpapy; kzpNkfiy ,yf;Fkp vd;w ngaUld;> ,utpth;kd; vd;w murDf;Fk;> mKjgjp vd;Dk; murpf;Fk; kfshf ,Ue;J tsh;e;jijf; $WfpwJ. gpd; ,uhFyd; vd;gtd; kidtpahfp mts; jpl;btp;;lk; fbj;J ,wf;f> mtDld; ,yf;Fkp caph;Jwe;jjhff; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. gpukjUkd; vd;w Kdptd; mUshy; Kw;gpwtpapNyNa> ,g;gpwtpapy; elg;gijAk; ,yf;Fkp mwpe;jpUe;jhs; vd;gij ,f;fij fhl;LfpwJ. ,f;fpisf;fijahdJ gpwtpfs; cz;L vd;gijAk; Kd; tpidapd; gad; vd;w ek;gpf;ifiaAk; ,f;fij czh;j;JfpwJ. gtkzpNkfiyapd; Kw;gpwg;Gf; fij- 2-fh .10-25- 30 ,yf;Fkpapd; fztd; ,uhFyd; xU ehs; g+Q;Nrhiyapy; ,UtUk; jq;fpdh;. mg;nghOJ thdpy; ,Ue;J rhJrf;fud; vd;w Kdptd; Njhd;wpdhd.; mtDf;F cztspj;J cgrhpf;f vz;zpdh;. gpd; ,uhFyd; jpl;btplk; jPz;b ,we;jhd;. mtNd cjaFkhudhf gpwe;jhd;. ,f;fij Kd;$wpa fijAld; njhlh;GilaJ. mjd; njhlh;r;rpahfTk; te;Js;sJ. rhJ rf;fud; vd;w Kdptdhy; gpd; elg;gij Kd;Ng mwpAk; jpwd; nfhz;bUe;jhs;. MfNt ,J kP Mw;wyhf vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ,f;fijia kzpNkfyh nja;tk; kzpNkfiyaplk; ciuf;fpwJ. Guhzf;$Wfshf kdpjuy;yhNjhuhd kzpNkfyh nja;tKk;> ek;gpf;if vd;w $w;wpid rhJ rf;fud; Kdptd; %ykhf cz;ik vd mwpayhk;. ,f;;fijapy; ,uz;L Guhzf;$Wfs; kl;LNk fhzg;gLfpd;wJ khjtp Rjkjp Mfpa ,Uthpd; Kw;gpwg;Gf;fij fh>10-66-70 ,f;fijahdJ ,uz;L gFjpahf ,UNtW ,lj;jpy; Ngrg;gLfpwJ. jhiuAk; tPiuAk; fr;rehl;il MSk; Jr;raid kze;jdh;. %tUk; fq;ifahw;wpd; flw;fiuapy; jq;fpapUe;jNghJ mwtzh; mq;F te;jhh;. gpd; gpw;fhyj;jpy; cUthd Fd;wk; ghj gq;fa kiy ,jid njhOtjw;fhf te;jjhfTk; gpd; mwtz mbfSld; mth;fSk; ,e;j ghj gq;fa kiyia tzq;fpdh; Mjyhy; jhd; ,yf;Fkpapd; jkf;ifauhd jhiuAk; tPiuAk; ,g;gpwtpay; kzpNkfiyAld; khjtp> Rjkjpahf gpwe;jdh; (ke;jpuk; nfhLj;j fhij) mLj;j gFjpahf jhiu kw;Wk; tPiuapd; ,wg;Gr; nra;jp NgRtjhf mikfpwJ. kzpNkfiyaplk; mwtz mbfs; $Wfpwhh;. Kw;gFjpapd; njhlh;r;rpahf mikfpwJ. Gj;jd; fhybr; Rtbid vLj;Jf;$Wk; Nehf;fpy; vLj;jhsg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,f;fpisf;fijapy; tUk; ,U gFjpfSk; xd;Wld; xd;W njhlh;Gilajhf ,Uf;fpwJ. Kjy; gFjpapy; jhiuAk; tPiuAk; Kw;fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wp ghjgq;f kiyapid tzq;Fjypd; gaNd kWgpwg;gpid mile;jdh;. ,jpy; Guhzf;$Wfs; ,f;fhyk; my;yhky; ‘Kd;Ndhh; fhyj;jpy;’ ele;j epfo;tpid ,f;fhyj;jpy; $Wtjhf mikfpwJ. ghj gq;f kiyia tzq;fpdhy; kWgpwtp vd;w ‘ek;gpf;ifahdJ’ cz;ikahfTk; mikfpwJ. tpRthkpj;jpud; fij (fh.11.86-90) me;jzdhfpa tpRthkpj;jpud; jtKdptDk; $l. fLk; grpiaAk; Nghf;f ehapd; CidAk; cz;lhd;. mt;thW cz;Zk; Kd;G mk;Kdptd; Njtpgyp nra;jhd; vd;Wk;> mjdhy; mk;Kdptdpd; Kd;G ,e;jpud; Njhd;wp kio tsj;jpid mUspdhd; vd;W mjd; fhuzkhfNt tpis nghUs;fs; kpFe;J kz;Zaph;fs; tho;fpd;wdh;. Guhzf;$whf> jtk; nra;Ak; Kdptd;


TdLm 312

ehapd; Cid cz;lhd; vd;w nra;jp ek;gf; $ba ‘cz;ik’ ,J kpifahfTk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. kw;nwhU $whf kdpjuy;yhj nja;tkhfp ,lk; ngWfpwhh;. Mdhy; ,t;Tyfk; rhh;e;jjhfNt mikfpwJ. ,f;fpisf;fijapy; ek;gpf;if nja;tk; (kdpjuy;yhj) fij tbtk; Nghd;wf; Guhzf;$Wfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. MGj;jpud; fij fh.14 56-60 MGj;jpudplk; mKj rugp ,Ug;gij mwpe;j ,e;jpud;> xU fpbg;gpuhkz cUTld; MGj;jpudplk; te;jhd;. jhd; ,e;jpud; vd;Wk; jhdj;jpd; gaidj; jUtjw;F te;Njd; vd;whd;. MGj;jpud; vdf;F nja;tPf ghj;jpuk; NghJk; vd;whd;. gpd; Nfhgkile;j ,e;jpud; ehL nropf;Fk; mstpw;F kioiaj; je;jhd;. gpd; vtUk; MGj;jpudplk; ,Ue;J cztpid rhg;gpltpy;iy gpd; fg;gypy; te;j rpyh; rhtf ehl;bw;F mioj;jdh;. gpd; MGj;jpud; kzpgy;ytj;jpy; jd;id fhj;j gRit vz;zpf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhd;. gpd; mtidj; Njbf; nfhz;L te;j xd;gjpkh; nrl;bfs; mtd; ,we;jr; nra;jpapid Nfl;L mth;fSk; ,we;jdh;. gpd; mth;fsJ clypid Gz;zpauhrd; fhZk; tifap;y; jPtjpyif fhl;baJ. Gz;zpauhrNd MGj;jpud; Mthd; vd;wJ. ,f;fijf;fijapy; Guhzf;$whf jPtjpyif vd;w nja;tk; kzpNkfiyaplKk; Gz;zpauhrdplKk; ,f;fijapidf; $WfpwJ. MGj;jpudplk; ,Uf;Fk; ghj;;jpuk; Gdpjkhf fUjg;gLfpwJ. kdpjuy;yhj nja;tk; ,e;jpud;> MGj;jpudplk; ,Ue;J ghj;jpuj;jpid thq;f Kbahky; Nfhgk; mile;J kioia tUtpj;jy;. jPtjpyif nja;tk; Gz;zpauhrdpd; gpwg;gpid czh;j;JfpwJ. MGj;jpud; fij thapyhf grpj;jtDf;F czT mspj;jy; vd;Dk; mwk; Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ. Mjpiu fij (fh.16 -36-40) Mjpiu fw;gpy; rpwe;jtshf ,Ue;jhs;. mts; fztd; rhJtd; nghUs;NjLk; nghUl;L rpy tzpfd;fSld; fg;gNywp NtW ehl;Lf;F Gwg;gl;lhd;. gpd;G Gay; fhuzkhf fg;gy; ftpo;e;jJ. mjd; gpd; rhJtDld; nrd;w rpyh; Mjpiuaplk; cd;fztd; ,we;J tpl;lhd; vd;wdh;. mjid Nfl;l Mjpiu fztd; mile;j cyif ehDk; milNtd; vd;W jP%l;bf; nfhz;lhs;. Mdhy; mj;jP vwpatpy;iy. gpd; Mfhrthzp cd; fztd; ,wf;ftpy;iy ehfu;kiyapy; cs;shd; tpiutpy; tUthd; vd;whs;. ,f;fijapy; Guhzf;$whf Mjpiuaplk; Mfhrthzp vd;w nja;tk; Njhd;wpaJ.Mjpiu fij thapyhf fw;gpy; rpwe;j Mjpiuapd; Gdpj jd;ik mwk; rhh;e;jhf fUjg;gLfpwJ. fharz;bif tuyhW (fh.41-45) fharz;bif tpQ;irad; cyfpy; tho;gts; fztDld; nghjpif kiyapd; mofpid fhz te;jts;. tpUr;rpfd; Kdptd; ePuhb tpl;L cz;z itj;jpUe;j ehtw; goj;jpid rpijj;jjdhy; Kdpth; ,l;l rhgj;jhy; thd;topr; nry;Yk; ke;jpuj;jpid kwe;jhs;. mLj;j gd;dpuz;L Mz;fs; fopj;J vdJ grp ePq;Fk; NghJ cdJ grpAk; rhgKk; ePq;Fk; vd;whd; Kdptd;. fharz;bif ,t;Tyfk; rhuhj NtnwhU cyfpidr; rhh;e;jth; - tpQ;irah; cyfh;. gd;dpuz;L Mz;bw;F xU Kiw gyk;; jUk; ehtw;gok; ePz;l grpapidg; Nghf;Fk;. fij tbtpYk; ciu eil tbtpYk; mikag; ngw;wf;fij ,JNt ,f;fijapd; Guhzf;$WfshFk;. Grp vd;gJ kdpjid vt;thW nraypof;f itf;fpwJ vd;gJ GydhfpwJ cjaFkhudpd; Kw;gpwg;Gf;fij (fh.21-56-60) kzpNkfiy> cjaFkhud; fhQ;rdd; thshy; ntl;Lz;L ,we;jJk;> fe;jpwh; ghitaplk; KiwapLfpwhs;. gpd; fe;jpw;ghit kzpNkfiyaplk; cjaFkhudpd; Kw;gpwg;Gf; fijapidf; $WfpwJ. ,f;fijapy; Guhzf; $whf fe;jpw; ghitAk; vd;w nja;tk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. fe;jpw; ghitapd; tuyhW (fh.21.131-135) Rthpy; cs;s fe;jpw; ghit jd; tuyhw;wpid kzpNkfiyaplk; jhNd $Wtjhf mikfpwJ. ,f;fijapy; Guhzf;$whf nja;tk; jd; tuyhw;iw kzpNkfiyaplk; vLj;Jf;$WfpwJ. mjid


TdLm 313

Nfl;L kzpNkfiyf;F fe;jpw;ghitapd; kPJ ek;gpf;if tuNtz;Lk;. vd;lw Nehf;fpy; ,f;fij mikfpwJ. ek;gpf;if vd;w ,uz;Lk; fijtbtpYk; mikfpwJ. kUjpapd; fij fh.22-75 ,f;fijapy; kUjp rJf;fg;g+jj;ij mile;J KiwapLfpwhs;. mg;nghOJ rJf;fg;g+jk; mts;Kd; Njhd;wp gj;jpdg; ngz;bh; kioapid tUtpg;gh; vd;Wk; gpd; elf;fg; NghFk; ffe;jdpd; ,wg;gpidak; $WfpwJ. goq;fhyf; fijapid vLj;Jf;$WfpwJ. mwk; kw;Wk; ek;gpf;ifia vLj;Jf; $WfpwJ. fij tbtpy; rJf;f g+jk; ,f;fijia ciug;gjhf fhzg;gLfpwJ. tprhif - jUkjj;jd; fij (fh 28-35-42) tprhif jUkjj;jd; ,Uthpd; fijfSk; fe;jpw; ghitia Gfo;e;Jiug;gJ %ykhf mwpa KbfpwJ. gj;jpdpg; ngz;fspd; mwj;jpdhy; Gj;Njs cyfk; ngw; KbAk; vd;w ngsj;j ek;gpf;ifiaAk; cyfpy; mwk; Ngz Ntz;Lk; vd;gjid ngsj;j kjj;jpd; ke;jpuj;jpid tprhifapd; thapyhf vLj;Jf; fhl;LfpwJ. nja;tkhd fe;jpw; ghit Njhd;Wtjhf ,f;fijapy; $wg;gLfpwJ. ek;gpf;if (cz;ik)> khdpluy;yhj nja;;tk; (fe;jw; ghit Njhd;wy;)> fij tbtk; Nghd;witAk; mwj;jpid Gdpjkhff; fUJtJk; ,q;F Guhzf; $Wfshff; milahsk; fhzyhk;. gPyptis-neLKbf;fps;sp tuyhW- (fh.24-56-60) ,f;fij %d;W gFjpfshf> %d;W fhijfspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,f;fpisf;fijapy; gpd;dh; elf;Fk; epfo;Tfis Kd;$l;bNa xU rhuzd; %yk; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,f;fij ciueil tbtpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,J goq;fhyk; rhh;e;jf; fijahf mikfpwJ. ,JNt ,f;fijapd; Guhzf;$WfshFk; fz;zfp Kw;gpwg;Gf; fij (fh.26.31-35) kzpNkfiy> fz;zfpapd; rpiyapd; Kd; mOJ tzq;Fk; NghJ fz;zfp nja;tk; Njhd;wpaJ. fz;zfp ele;j epfo;Tfis kzpNkfiyaplk; $WfpwJ. fz;zfpf;F jdJ Kw;gpwg;gpid vLj;Jf; $wpa kJuhgjp nja;tk; $wpajidAk; kzpNkfiyaplk; jhDk; jdJ fztd; NfhtyDk; ,g;nghOJ thdth; cyfpy; ,Uf;fpNwhk; vd;W jdJ Kw;gpwtpiar; nrhy;yp Kbj;jJ. ,f;fij gok;gpwg;gpid czh;j;JfpwJ. nja;tj;jpdhy; (kJuhgjp> fz;zfp) ,f;fij KOtJk; $wg;gLfpwJ. kWgpwg;gpd; gad; vd;w ek;gpf;ifia czh;j;JfpwJ. ,t;Tyfk; rhuhky; thDyfk; mile;jijf; $Wjy; fij tbtk; KjypYk; mjd; gpd;dh; ciueil tbtkhf fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,JNt ,f;fpisf; fijapd; Guhzf;$WfshFk;. Kd;Ndhd; Nfhtyd; fij (fh.28-145-150) Nfhtydpd; kpfg;goq;fijahFk;. ,f;fij Gj;j jUkj;ijAk; typAWj;JfpwJ. murdpd; ey;tpidapd; gaid rhuzd; vd;w jt Kdptd; vLj;Jf;$Wtjhf mikfpwJ. ,f;fij Gj;j ek;gpf;ifia typAWj;JfpwJ goq;fhyj;ijr; rhh;e;j kWgpwg;Gf; fijahf mikfpwJ. ,f;fij fij tbtk; rhh;e;jitahf; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,JNt ,f;fijapd; Guhzf;$WfshFk;. kzpNkfyh nja;tk; Nfhtyd; guk;giuf;F cjtpa tuyhWfh.(29.21-25) ,f;fijAk; Kd;dh; $wpa fijAld; njhlh;Gilajhf mikfpwJ. Nfhtydpd; Kd;NdhUf;F ,e;jpudpd; Vtyhy; kzpNkfyh nja;tk; cjtpnra;fpwJ. ,jid kzpNkfiyapd; je;ij Nfhtyd; Nfs;tpAw;W kzpNkfyh nja;tj;jpd; ngaiu kzpNkfiyf;F R+l;bdhd; vd;Wk; $wg;gLfpwJ. ,f;fijapy; kdpjDf;F ‘kdpjuy;yhj nja;tk;” NeubNa cjtp nra;tjid czh;j;JfpwJ. mw newpapy; ‘ek;gpf;if” cila fUj;Jf;fis ,f;fij vLj;Jf; $WfpwJ. ,f;fij goq;fhyr; fijahfTk; gpd;dh; fijtbtpYk; mikag; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,JNt ,f;fpisf; fijapd; Guhzf; $WfshFk;.


TdLm 314

KbTiu fpisf;fijfs; midj;Jk; fle;jf;fhy epfo;Tfisg; NgRfpd;wd. ,e;j fle;j fhyk; vd;gJ gy jiyKiw mLf;FfSf;F Kw;gl;lJ vd;gij mwpa KbfpwJ. vdNt ,jid tiuaWf;fg;glhj fle;j fhykhf mwpaKbAk;. ,g;gz;G nghJthfg; Guhzq;fSf;FhpajhFk;. vdNt fpisf;fijfspd; Guhzk; vd;W tiuaWf;fTk; ,ayhJ. gokuGf; fijfspy; Guhzpa gokuGf;fij vd;Dk; xU tif cs;sJ. mt;tiftop ,g;gz;Gfs; nghUe;Jtjhf cs;sJ. vdNt kzpNkfiyapd; fpisf;fijfis Guhzpa gokuGf;fijfs; vd milahsg;gLj;jyhk;.NkYk; ,g;gokuGf;fijfspd; top Mrpupah; rPj;jiy rhj;jdhh; mwf;fUj;Jf;fis topAWj;jp fijia efh;j;jp nry;fpwhh; vdyhk;. ghh;it Ehy;fs; 1. njhy;fhg;gpak; .nts;isthuzh; ciu 2. jpUf;Fws; ghpNkyofh; ciu 3. kzpNkfiy fhg;gpak;


TdLm 315

,dpait ehw;gjpy; ,yf;fpa mwk;

ngh.Mde;jp> vk;.V.>vk;.vl;.>vk;./gpy;.> cjtpg;Nguhrphpah;> jkpoha;Tj;Jiw

= tpj;ah ke;jph; fiy (k) mwptpay; fy;Y}hp> fhl;Nlhp> Cj;jq;fiu

Kd;Diu ,dpait ehw;gJ vd;Dk; E}y; gjpnzd;fPo;fzf;F E}y;fspy; xd;whFk;. ,e;E}ypy; G+jQ;Nre;jdhu; mtu;fs; mwf; fUj;Jfis ,dpikahd Kiwapy; ehw;gJ ntz;ghf;fspy; mofhf vLj;Jf; $wpAs;shu;. xU kdpjd; jd; tho;f;ifapy; nrk;ikahd tho;Tk; kw;wtu;fSf;F cjTk; kdg;ghd;ikAld; tho;f;if ed;ndwpfisAk; vLj;Jf; $Wtjhf mike;Js;sJ. NkYk; ,J jdp egu; xOf;f newp kw;Wk; fl;Lg;ghLfisAk; nfhz;L cs;sJ. ,e;Eypy; ,yf;fpa mwk; vt;thW mike;Js;sJ vd;gij gw;wp ,t;tha;Tf; fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;. filgpbf;f Ntz;ba mwk; ,dpait ehw;gjpy; E}yhrpupau; mtu;fs; fy;tpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid vLj;J $Wfpwhh;. mjhtJ>

“gpr;irGf; fhapDq; fw;wy;kpf ,dpNj ew;ritapy; ifnfhLj;jy; rhyTk; Kd;dpdpNj” (gh1)

gpr;ir vLj;J cz;lhapDk; fw;;f Ntz;ba ey;y E}y;fis fw;wy; vd;gJ kpfTk; ,dpNj MFk;. mq;fdk; gpioapd;wp fw;w fy;tpfs; $ba ey;y rigapy; kw;wtu;f;F cjTk; tifapy; $WtJ kpfTk; Kw;gl ,dpikahFk;. nry;tq;fis mjpfkhf nfhz;L tho;gtd; mr;nry;tq;fis jhd; kl;Lk; gad;gLj;jp thohky; mjid kw;wtu;f;F nfhz;L nfhLj;jhy; mJ rpwg;ghd tho;T MFk;. mNj mr;nry;tj;jpid jhd; kl;Lk; mDgtpj;J kw;wtu;f;F nfhLf;fhky; tho;e;jhy; mJ ew;nray; md;W. ,y;tho;f;if mwk; fdtDk; kidtpAk; kdk; xj;J xd;W Nru;e;J tho;e;jhy; ,y;tho;f;ifahdJ ,dpjhf mikAk;. mjdpDk; NkyhdJ ,y;tho;f;ifapd; NghJ tPl;bw;F tpUe;jpdu;fs; tUifapy; mtu;fs; kPJ ntWg;G nfhs;shky; ,d;Kfj;NjhL tuNtw;W cgrupj;jy; kpfTk; ,dpikahdJ MFk;. xUtu; nra;ar; nrhd;d Ntiyapid kWj;J kUnkhopahky; mt;Ntiyapid rpwg;ghd Kiwapy; nra;J Kbj;jy; vd;gJ ,dpikahd xd;W MFk;. ehs;NjhUk; gpwupd; kdk; tUe;Jk; nray;fis nra;ahky; ,dpikahd ey;y E}y;fis fw;W kw;wth;fSf;F cjTk; kdg;ghd;ikNahL tho;tJ ,dpikahd nray; MFk;. nry;Yk; ,lnky;yhk; Jd;gk; ,iof;Fk; kdpjuha; ,Uf;fhky; ey;y el;Gwtpid Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tJ ,dpikahd nay; MFk;. capu;fs; kPJ md;G nfhs;sy;;;;;;;; gpw capu;fis nfhd;W mtw;iw cz;Zjy; kpfTk; nfhba nray; MFk;. mJtd;wp jd;idg;NghyNt kw;w capu;fs; kPJ md;Gk;> mf;fiuAk; nfhz;L tho;tJ vd;gJ kpfTk; ,dpikahd nray; vdyhk;. thd; kioahdJ vt;thW ve;j xU vjpu;ghu;g;Gk; ,y;yhky; midtUf;Fk; kioahf nghopfpwNjh mij Nghd;W jd;dplk; cjtp vd;W ahNuDk; Nfl;L tUifapy; mtuplk; ,Ue;J ve;j xU vjpu;ghu;g;Gk;> ifkhWk; vjpu; Nehf;fhky; mt;Tjtpapid nra;jy; vd;gJ ,d;gkhd nray; MFk;.


TdLm 316

“nfhy;yhik Kd;,dpJ Nfhy;Nfhb khuhak; nra;ahik Kd;,dpJ nrq;Nfhyd; MFjy; va;Jk; jpwj;jhy; ,dpnjd;g ahu;khl;Lk; nghy;yhq; Fiuahik ed;F” (gh-5) Xu; capiuAk; nfhy;yhjpUj;jy; kpfTk; ,dpikahdJ MFk;. murd; mitapdpNy jPu;g;G $Wk; NghJ cz;ikahd jPu;g;ig $whky; ngha;ahd jPu;g;gpid $WtJ tUj;jkhd nray; MFk;. mJNt mitapd; fz; rhl;rp $w tUgtu; ngha; rhl;rp $whky; ,Ug;gJ ,dpikahdit MFk;. xUtu; ve;j ,lj;jpYk; kw;wtiug; gw;wp Fw;wk; nrhy;yhky; ,dpa nrhw;fis NgRtJ ,dpikahd xd;W MFk;. “Mw;We; Jidahy; mwQ;nra;if Kd;,dpNj ghw;gl;lhu; $Wk; gad;nkhop khz;gpdpNj” (gh-6) xUtu; mjpfkhf cjtpfis nra;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,y;iy. jd;dhy; ,ad;w rpWrpW cjtpfis nra;guhapd; mJ xU ,d;gkhd nray; MFk;. ed;newpapy; cs;stu; nghJ ,lq;fspy; nrd;W ey;y ,dpikahd fUj;Jf;fis $WtJ vd;gJ ,d;gkhd nray; MFk; vd;W mwptpy; rpwe;j ngupNahu;fspd; $w;W vd;W $Wfpd;wdu;. cjTjy; cz;ikahd mwk; mofpa ,lj;jpy; mfd;w thdpy; Fw;wk; ,y;yhky; xsp tPRk; ntz;epyitg; Nghd;W ntz;ikahd cs;sk; nfhz;L gpwUf;F nfhLj;J thOk; Fzk; nfhz;L ,Ue;jhy; kpfTk; ,dpikahd xd;whFk;. Fw;wq;fs; nra;ahjtuha; gpwu; kdk; tUe;Jk;gb jPa nrhw;fshy; Ngrhjtuha; midj;J capu;fsplKk; md;Gfhl;b tho;tJ ,dpikahd nray; MFk;. fld; ngw;W cz;L thohjpUj;jy; ed;W MFk;. kdjpy; rpwe;j Fzq;fs; ,y;yhjtu;fsplk; el;G nfhs;shky; ,Ug;gJ ,dpikahdJ. vs; msTk; $l jhd; kw;wtu;fsplk; ahrpf;fhky; jd;dhy; Kbe;jtiu gpwUf;F cjtp Gupjy; vd;gJ ,dpikahd xd;whFk;. jd; ez;gUf;F mwfUj;Jfis $wp ey;topapy; mioj;J nry;Yjy; ,dpjhFk;. giftNuhL jd; ez;gd; NrUtjw;F Kd;Ng jd;NdhL Nru;j;jy; kpfTk; ,dpjhFk;. cz;ikahd ghJfhg;G midtuplKk; gzpe;J md;NghL ele;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; ,dpjhFk;. “fhNthlwf; Fsk; njhl;ly; kpf,dpNj MNthL nghd;dPjy; me;jzu;f;F Kd;,dpNj” (gh-23) midtUf;Fk; gadspf;ff;$ba Nrhiyia tsu;g;gJk; mwk; nra;gjw;fhf Fsq;fis Njhz;LtJk; ed;W. gRTld; nghd;idAk; me;jzu;fSf;F jhdkhff; nfhLj;jy; kpf ,dpjhFk;. mgak; vd;gtu;f;F ,lk; mspg;gtDila ngUikAila tPuk; kpfTk; ,dpikahdJ. “ed;wpg; gad;Jf;fp tho;jy; edp,dpNj kd;wf; nfhLk;gh Liuahj khz;bdpNj” (gh-30) xUtu; nra;j cjtpia vd;Wk; kwthky; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mwk; $Wk; mitapy; juhR Nghy; nray;gl Ntz;Lk;. jd;dplk; milf;fsk; ngw;W tUgtu;fSf;F vt;tpj Jd;gKk; epfohky; fhj;jy; ey;yJ. KbTiu ,e;j mw ,yf;fpaj;ij Nehf;Fk;NghJ mit rpy r%f gz;ghl;L tif khjpupfis epiyepWj;jNt tpUk;gpAs;sd. mwk; vd;w nrhy; mwr;nray;fisAk; mwj;jpw;;F Jizahdtw;iwAk; mwj;jpd; gad;fisAk; Fwpf;Fk; tifapy; mike;J cs;sJ. vdNt mwk; vd;gJ tho;tpd; kpf Kf;fpakhd nray;ghL vd;W ,f;fl;Liuapd; top mwpayhk;. ghu;it E}y;fs; 1. Kidtu; jkpo;gpupad>; (2016). “,dpait ehw;gJ ,d;dh ehw;gJ rpWgQ;r %yk; %yKk;

ciuAk;” . fw;gfk; Gj;jfhiyak;> jpahfuhaefu;> nrd;id. 2. Nfh.,uh[Nfhghyg;gps;is> (2010). “,d;dh ehw;gJ ,dpait ehw;gJ ePjp ntz;gh” .

= nrz;gfh gjpg;gfk;.

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