NUTRITIONNUTRITIONNUTRITIONNUTRITION

15.115.1

I. NUTRIENTS

A. Nutrients- Substances in food that provide energy and materials for your body’s cells.

B. Calorie- The amount of energy in food in the form of heat.1. 1 cal required to raise 1 ml of water 1 degree Celsius.

II. 6 ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS

A. ProteinsB. CarbohydratesC. FatsD. VitaminsE. Minerals

F. Water

III. Proteins

A. Function: Replacement & repair of body cells

B. Subunits: Amino Acids1. Humans need 20 different amino acids2. 12 amino acids are made in the body, 8 must be consumed

C. Found in meat, fish, eggs,

nuts

IV. CARBOHYDRATES

A. Function: Main source of energy for the body.

B. 3 Types of Carbs1. Simple carbs./sugars found in fruits2. Complex carbs./starches found in pasta and potatoes

IV. CARBOHYDRATES

3. Cellulose found in cell walls of plant cells (lettuce, beans, peas, cereals, etc)

a. AKA “fiber”b. Humans cannot digest cellulose

c. Helps you poop!

V. FATS

A. Function: Make up cell membranes, provide energy, absorb vitamins, provide insulation.

B. Subunits: Fatty Acids & Glycerol

C. Found in oils, meats, etc

V. FATS

D. Too much fat can lead to heart disease and strokes due to high cholesterol

E. 9 cal in each gram of fat 4 cal in each gram of carb.

VI. VITAMINS

A. Purpose: Growth, metabolism, prevent some diseases

B. Needed in small amountsC. Found in fruits, veggies,

dairy products, grains, nuts

VI. VITAMINS

Water Soluble Fat SolubleC: Growth, A: Growth,immune system Eyes, SkinB: Nerves, blood D: Bones, Teethcells, metabolismK: Wound recover

Blood clottingE: Cell

membranes

VII. MINERALS

A. Function: Chemical reactions in your body (muscle movement, digestion, etc)

B. Found in dairy products, meats, eggs and vegetables

VII. MINERALS

Mineral Health Effect .Calcium Strong bones & teeth,

Muscle contraction, Blood clotting, Nerve Activity

Phosphorus Strong bones & teeth,Muscle contraction, Stores energy

VII. MINERALS

Mineral Health Effect .Potassium Water balance in

cells, Nerve impulses, Muscle contraction

Sodium Nerve impulses, Water balance in cells

VII. MINERALS

Mineral Health Effect .Iron Oxygen transport in

bloodstream

Iodine Thyroid (growth) activity, Metabolism

VIII. WATER

A. WATER IS CRUCIAL!!!1. You can live weeks without food, but only days without water2. Water is in your blood, cells, tissues—everywhere!

3. Water makes up 60% of your body weight!

VIII. WATER

B. Water is constantly lost through sweat, exhaling, etc.

C. Water homeostasis (internal balance) is maintained because you get thirsty which causes you to drink more water.

I. NUTRIENTS

Daily Diet Tracker

RECAP

1. What is a nutrient?2. What is a calorie?3. What are the 6 Vital

Nutrients and their function?