The 6 Basic Nutrients

Mrs. Lashmet

Health

Carbohydrates

Purpose:

To provide energy for your body’s needs.

Simple Carbohydrates

To provide quick energy to the body.

Sugars such as• Fructose

• Lactose

• Sucrose

Complex Carbohydrates

Also known as starches

The body must break down the complex carbohydrates into glucose for energy.

Long lasting energy

Fiber Is an indigestible complex carbohydrate

found in the tough stringy parts of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.

Why is it important to have fiber in one’s diet?

To move waste through the digestive system and prevent constipation.

Reducing risk for heart disease. Some fiber has been known to control

diabetes by reducing blood glucose levels.

Proteins

Are nutrients that build and maintain body cells and tissues

Proteins are made up of long strands of amino acids.

Proteins

• 20 different amino acids• The body makes 11• The 9 you can not make

are called essential amino acids.

Complete Proteins

Contains adequate amounts of ALL 9 ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

Animal products such as• Fish, meat, poultry, eggs, milk, cheese, yogurt

The only plant source that is a complete protein is SOYBEAN

Incomplete Proteins

These DO NOT provide all 9 essential amino acids.

Vegans need a variety of incomplete proteins.

Sources:• Beans, peas, nuts, peanut butter

What you need to know about proteins?

Fats

Some fat in the diet is necessary for good health.

Needed to:• Transport fat soluble vitamins

• Promote healthy skin

• Keeps you “satisfied” longer

Unsaturated Fats

Healthier Raise Liquid

Omega 3’s

Fatty ocean fish have this special polyunsaturated fat that protects the body against………

HEART DISEASE EXAMPLES

• Tuna , Salmon

Saturated Fats

These fats are considered bad as they--

RAISE blood cholesterolSOLID at room temperature. Examples:

• Whole milk, cheese, butter, meats, ice cream

Cholesterol

A waxy lipid like substance that circulates in blood.

Excess is deposited in the arteries leading to Arthrosclerosis.

Food examples:• Egg yolks, organ meats, high fat milk

products

LDL (Low density Lipoproteins)

Lipoproteins are MOLECULES made by the liver that transport cholesterol in the blood.

The cholesterol carried by LDL tends to build up on the artery walls.

Higher risk for heart disease

HDL (High Density Lipoproteins)

These lipoproteins found in the blood transport EXCESS cholesterol back to the LIVER where it can be eliminated.

PREVENTS the build up of cholesterol. Increasing physical activity and losing

excess weight can increase HDL. GOOD LEVELS OF blood cholesterol

What is cholesterol?

Trans Fatty Acids

Foods that are high in Trans Fatty Acids tend to RAISE blood cholesterol.

Hydrogenated To extend the “shelf life” of food

products. Found in commercially fried foods and

bakery items.

Transfats in foods

Vitamins

Compounds that help regulate many vital body processes, including digestion, absorption and metabolism of OTHER nutrients.

Water Soluble

Need a daily doseThe body does not store these

vitamins.

Water soluble vitamins

Vitamin C Role:

• Protects against infection

• Helps heal wounds

• Strengthens blood vessels

• Promote healthy gums

Water soluble vitamins

Vitamin B• Niacin

• Thiamine

• Riboflavin

• Folic acidEssential for producing energy

from carbohydrates.Keeps skin and nervous

system healthy

Fat Soluble Vitamins

These are absorbed, stored and transported in FAT.

Excess build up can lead to TOXIC levels in the body.

Fat Soluble Vitamins

A,D,E,K

All Dogs Eat Kibbles

Fat Soluble

Vitamin A

Maintains skin tissue

Needed for tooth enamel

Promotes cell growth

Promotes use of calcium

Fat soluble

Vitamin D

• Promotes absorption and use of calcium

• Essential for bone and tooth development

Fat Soluble

Vitamin E Helps with oxygen

transport Slows the effects of

aging Protects the

destruction of RBC’s

Fat soluble

Vitamin K

•Essential for blood clotting

Minerals

Substances that the body cannot manufacture but that are needed for forming healthy bones and teeth and for regulating many vital processes.

Iron

Part of the Red Blood Cell oxygen transport system

Calcium

Builds bones and teeth

Needed for muscular contractions

Sodium

Too much can:• Increase blood

pressure

• Heart disease

• Increases the loss of calcium from body

SodiumSodium

Too much can:• Increase blood

pressure

• Heart disease

• Increases the loss of calcium from body

WaterWater Transports other nutrients to

and carries waste from cells.

Lubricates joints and mucous membranes

Maintains normal temperature

Water Transports other nutrients to

and carries waste from cells.

Lubricates joints and mucous membranes

Maintains normal temperature

WaterWater• Vital to Every Body Function!!!

• Our Brains are 70-75% water

• Transports Nutrients to cells

• Waste from your cells

• Lubricates joints and mucous membranes

• Body Temperature Regulation

• Digestion

• Nerve ProtectionGlencoe Health, 2004

Why is water important?

DehydrationDehydration

Early SignsEarly Signs Severe Signs Severe Signs Fatigue Loss of Appetite Flushed Skin Headache Burning in Stomach Headache Dry Cough Dry Mouth Dark Urine-Most accurate

sign

Difficulty Swallowing

Stumbling Sunken Eyes Muscle

Spasm Numb Skin

Water (or lack of)

A Diurectic increases the body’s elimination of water.

Such foods are those that contain caffiene..Tea, Coffee, Soda, Red Bull

Can lead to dehydration.