Nutrition and consumption data from the EFS

By Clare BurgonDefra

Food Statistics Teamhttp://statistics.defra.gov.uk/esg/publications/efs/default.asp

Background

Defra receives food & drink data from the Expenditure & Food Survey

Continuous survey to address seasonality The EFS started in April 2001 Food & drink data was previously collected under the

National Food Survey Started in 1940 Extended to cover Eating Out in 1994 Extended to include Northern Ireland from 1996 EFS food and drink data recently revised back to 2001 to

include free food and unspecified meals

Data collection

Data collected over 2 weeks Records weight/volume and amount paid for all food and

drink brought home (including free food) Records amount paid for takeaway meals and snacks

eaten at home, Defra estimates portion size Records amount paid for all food and drink consumed

away from home and type of meal Where possible, whole meals eaten out are split into food

components

The Results

Trends are the main strength of the survey with some data going back to 1974 and even to 1940

Consumption – average per person per week (using purchases as a proxy)

Expenditure – average per person per week Nutrient intake - average per person per day (using

nutrient conversion factors) All figures are averages – individual consumption or

gender differences can not be identified

Trends informing policy

Sodium, excluding table salt

2.42.52.62.72.82.93.03.13.23.3

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001-0

2

2002-0

3

2003-0

4

2004-0

5

2005-0

6

2006

gra

ms p

er

pers

on p

er

day

HH

HH+EO

Allows for 10% wastage

Uses household and eating out data

FSA run the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) which has more accurate data but not trends

Trends informing policy

Allows for 10% wastage

Excluded potatoes

Only uses household purchases

Long Term Trend in Fruit and Vegetable Purchases

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010appro

xim

ate

por

tions

per

per

son

per

day

5 A DAY benchmark

The results are published in the annual report ‘Family Food’ at United Kingdom level.

Next publication due in December 2008 Also available in excel datasets

Additional analyses includes: Country/region Household composition Income group of Household Reference Person Age of HRP Ethnic origin of HRP Occupational class of HRP

Publications

Consumption published by DefraUK household purchased quantities of food and drink

Averages per person per week (a)

Code Description Units 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006 RSE(b)

% change since

2003-04sig(c)

trend since 2003-

04(d)cat520 Milk and milk products excluding cheese ml 2041 1996 2027 2,022 -1.04006 Liquid wholemilk, including school and welfare ml 602 497 475 490 -18.7 yes m501 School milk (e) ml601 Welfare milk ml 17 12 15 12 -29.1 yes4 Liquid wholemilk, full price ml 585 484 460 477 -18.4 yes m402 UHT milk ml 21 18 12 11 -45.2 yes m403 Sterilised ml 5 5 5 4 -12.0404 Pasteurised/ homogenised ml 559 461 444 462 -17.4 yes m9017 Other milk and cream ml 1439 1499 1552 1,532 +6.5 yes m15 Skimmed milks ml 1081 1133 1167 1,137 +5.2 yes m1502 Fully skimmed milk ml 154 158 159 163 +5.41503 Semi-skimmed milk ml 926 975 1008 974 +5.1 yes m901 Condensed or evaporated milk eq ml 18 20 19 18 +3.811 Infant milks eq ml 38 43 40 47 +26.21102 Infant or baby milks - ready to drink eq ml 2 3 3 5 +96.8 yes m1103 Infant or baby milks - dried eq ml 35 40 37 43 +21.51201 Instant dried milk eq ml 10 8 9 9 -7.713 Yoghurt and fromage frais ml 177 187 201 204 +15.4 yes m1301 Yoghurt ml 158 168 180 182 +15.6 yes m1302 Fromage frais ml 19 19 21 22 +14.2 yes m16 Other milks and dairy desserts ml 97 89 95 95 -2.31603 Dairy desserts - not frozen ml 46 43 42 41 -11.7 yes m1605 Dried milk products ml 10 1 3 3 -75.0 yes m1607 Milk drinks and other milks ml 41 21 24 24 -41.5 yes m1608 Non-dairy milk substitutes ml 23 25 28 1701 Cream ml 20 19 21 22 +10.5 yes m

Calculating purchases

Each household is given a weight calculated by the ONS. Weights range from 0.001 to 12.33318. The average is

around 3.7. A survey household with a weight of 3.7 essentially represents 3700 UK households.

Household calculation:

Eating out calculation:sum of number of purchases x portion size x weight x 1

sum of household people x weight 2

sum of quantity x weight x 1sum of household people x weight 2

Nutrient intakes published by DefraUK household and eating out energy and nutrient intakes derived from food and drinkAverage per person per day (a)

Code Description Units 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006Average intake per person per day8 Energy kcal 2409 2410 2381 2338 2362 23519 MJ 10.1 10.1 10.0 9.8 9.9 9.98 Energy from all sources excluding alcohol kcal 2330 2332 2302 2262 2287 22761 Protein g 82.1 82.2 81.4 80.7 81.8 81.33 Fat g 99 99 98 96 97 97

Fatty acids:4 Saturates g 38.3 38.0 37.8 36.9 37.2 37.25 Mono-unsaturates g 36.4 36.2 36.0 35.3 35.7 35.86 Poly-unsaturates g 17.9 17.7 17.5 17.2 17.4 17.747 Cholesterol mg 279.1 277.6 278.5 270.2 275.2 273.97 Carbohydrate (b) g 296 297 292 287 290 28731 Total sugars g 136 137 138 135 134 13232 Non-milk extrinsic sugars g 92 93 92 90 88 8624 Starch g 159 160 154 152 156 15435 Fibre (c) g 15.3 15.4 15.0 15.0 15.6 15.633 Alcohol g 11.2 11.0 11.3 10.8 10.7 10.610 Calcium mg 1025 1025 1016 989 1002 99811 Iron mg 12.3 12.5 12.6 12.5 12.7 12.239 Zinc mg 9.7 9.8 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.737 Magnesium mg 295 295 289 290 297 29823 Sodium (d) g 3.25 2.81 3.12 3.07 3.09 2.9536 Potassium g 3.35 3.33 3.30 3.28 3.35 3.3415 Thiamin mg 1.73 1.74 1.79 1.78 1.82 1.7516 Riboflavin mg 2.04 2.03 2.03 1.97 1.99 1.9719 Niacin Equivalent mg 35.9 35.9 36.1 35.8 36.2 35.740 Vitamin B6 mg 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.541 Vitamin B12 μg 6.6 6.5 6.8 6.5 6.6 6.522 Folate μg 308 309 306 304 312 30620 Vitamin C mg 79 79 77 73 78 80

Vitamin A:12 Retinol μg 565 557 569 522 527 52713 ß-Carotene μg 2241 2167 2200 2221 2272 229514 Retinol equivalent μg 938 925 939 899 909 91321 Vitamin D μg 3.66 3.65 3.29 3.25 3.25 3.2046 Vitamin E mg 13.36 13.16 13.07 12.51 12.71 13.08

Calculating nutrient intakes

Defra uses the food and drink coding structure used by the EFS

The Food Standard Agency provide nutrient profiles for subgroups of the EFS codes

Defra does a market share analysis of the FSA codes to determine how to calculate an overall profile per EFS code

Defra code Description FSA Subcode Name35001 Soild chocolate 35001A Milk chocolate

35001B Plain chocolate35001C White chocolate35001D Fruit and nut chocolate35001E Cooking chocolate

Linking EFS and FSA codes

35001 - Solid chocolate

35001A Milk chocolate (67%)

35001B Plain chocolate (7%)

35001C White chocolate (6%)

35001D Fruit and nut chocolate (18%)

35001E Cooking chocolate (2%)

Defra code 35001 - solid chocolate

SubCode Description % Share Ekc NMES Total fat Sat fat Iron Sodium35001A Milk chocolate 67 520 46.8 30.7 18.3 1.4 8535001B Plain chocolate 7 510 62.4 28.0 16.8 2.3 635001C White chocolate 6 529 47.6 30.9 18.4 0.2 11035001D Fruit and nut chocolate 18 508 40.8 30.9 15.1 1.8 7535001E Cooking chocolate 2 549 55.9 34.8 27.7 2.4 130

Calculating nutrient intakes

Multiply purchased quantities by nutrient co-efficient to reach final figure per nutrient

Nutrient coefficients are updated by the FSA on a rolling program. Recent updates include sausages, breakfast cereals and cheese. Buns, cakes and pastries will be updated next.

sum of quantity x weight x nutrient coefficient x 1 x 1sum of household people x weight 2 7

Nutrients by recommended level

Some key nutrients are also expressed as a % of energy intake

These figures can be measured against government guidelines to access the health of the nation

Average intake as a percentage of food energy excluding energy from alcohol

Description 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006Fat 38.4 38.1 38.3 38.2 38.1 38.5Fatty acids:

Saturates 14.8 14.7 14.8 14.7 14.6 14.7Mono-unsaturates 14.1 14.0 14.1 14.1 14.0 14.2Poly-unsaturates 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 7.0

Carbohydrate 47.6 47.8 47.6 47.6 47.6 47.2Non-milk extrinsic sugars 14.8 14.9 15.0 14.8 14.4 14.2

Protein 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.3 14.3 14.3

Plans for the future

When required, Defra currently estimates 10% wastage. This is currently being revised using data from WRAP (Waste & Resources Action Programme)

FSA are revising some of their nutrient profiles with up to date nutritional information

Defra are revising the market shares of the nutrient profiles

Defra are planning to update eating out portion sizes Defra are looking into calculating standard errors for

nutrient intakes