nursing theories including patricia's theory fresh

8/13/2019 Nursing Theories Including Patricia's Theory Fresh

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Maj. Nasim AkhterMCC SESSION April 2013)


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Objectives

To discuss the nursing theories in generalto explain the theory of Dr. patrisia banner

in detail


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A body ofknowledgeshaped by hownurses see the

world

Nursing Theorydifferentiatesnursing fromother disciplines &activities

Nursing theoriesfocuses on thephenomena ofnursing & nursingcare.


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NURSINGTHEORY

Body of

Knowledge

Unique health

care disciplinehave twoessentialaspects

Applicationof that

Knowledge


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MarthaRogers -UnitaryHumanBeings

Continuous andmutual interactionbetween man and

environment

Continuous changelonger to shorterwave patterns in

human and

environmentalfields

Characterized bynonrepeating

rhymicities


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use of pastconcrete

experience

as paradigms

Patricia

Benner -From Noviceto Expert

movement fromreliance on

past abstract

principles


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INTRODUCTION Dr Patricia Benner introduced the concept that expert nurses develop

skills and understanding of patient care over time through a sound

educational base as well as a multitude of experiences.

She proposed that one could gain knowledge and skills ("knowing

how") without ever learning the theory ("knowing that").

She further explains that the development of knowledge in applieddisciplines such as medicine and nursing is composed of the extension

of practical knowledge (know how) through research and the

characterization and understanding of the "know how" of clinical

experience.

She conceptualizes in her writing about nursing skills as experience is a

prerequisite for becoming an expert.


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LEVELS OF NURSING EXPERIENCE


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Novice

Beginner with no experience

Taught general rules to help perform tasks

Rules are: context-free, independent of specific cases, and applied

universally

Rule-governed behavior is limited and inflexible

Ex. Tell me what I need to do and Ill do it.


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Advanced

Beginner Demonstrates acceptable performance

Has gained prior experience in actual situations to recognize recurring

meaningful components

Principles, based on experiences, begin to be formulated to guide

actions


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Competent

Typically a nurse with 2-3 years experience on the job in the same area or in

similar day-to-day situations

More aware of long-term goals

Gains perspective from planning own actions based on conscious, abstract, and

analytical thinking and helps to achieve greater efficiency and organization


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Proficient

Perceives and understands situations as whole parts

More holistic understanding improves decision-making

Learns from experiences what to expect in certain situations and

how to modify plans


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Expert No longer relies on principles, rules, or guidelines to connect situations and

determine actions

Much more background of experience

Has intuitive grasp of clinical situations

Performance is now fluid, flexible, and highly-proficient


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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE THEORY

These levels reflect movement from reliance on past abstract principles to the use

of past concrete experience change in perception of situation as a complete whole

in which certain parts are relevant

Each step builds on the previous one as abstract principles are refined and

expanded by experience and the learner gains clinical expertise.

This theory changed the profession's understanding of what it means to be an

expert, placing this designation not on the nurse with the most highly paid or most

prestigious position, but on the nurse who provided "the most delicate nursing

care.

It recognized that nursing was poorly served by the paradigm that called for all of

nursing theory to be developed by researchers and scholars, but rather introduced

the revolutionary notion that the practice itself could and should inform theory.


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CONCLUSION

Nursing practice guided by the human becoming theory live the processes of

synchronizing rhythms, and mobilizing aspects

Research guided by the human becoming theory sheds light on the meaning of

universal humanly lived experiences such as hope, taking life day-by-day, grieving,

suffering, and time passing


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References

Patricia E. Benner, R.N., Ph.D., FAAN is a Professor Emerita at the

University of California, San Francisco.

BA in Nursing - Pasadena College/Point Loma College

MS in Med/Surg nursing from UCSF

PhD -1982 from UC Berkeley

Published Novice to Expert Theory in 1982

Received Book of the Year from AJN in 1984,1990,1996, 2000


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ANYQUESTIONS?

nursing theories including patricia's theory fresh

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