Null Mumbai – IOT Workshop

About Us1) Nitesh Malviya -

• Security Consultant with Payatu Technologies,

• Experience in Web Pentesting, VAPT and Mobile Appsec

• An IOT enthusiast and learner

2) Ganesh Naik

• Consultant in Embedded Linux & Embedded Android Product Development at Levana Technologies

• Author of

What is IoT ??• The internet of things (IoT) is the network of physical devices,

vehicles, buildings and other items—embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data(Wikipedia)

• Internet of things increases the connectedness of people and things on a scale that once was unimaginable.

Various Names, One Concept• M2M (Machine to Machine)

• “Internet of Everything” (Cisco Systems)

• “World Size Web” (Bruce Schneier)

• “Skynet” (Terminator movie)

Education – Partnership – Solutions

Information SecurityOffice of Budget and Finance

Where is IoT?

Education – Partnership – Solutions

Information SecurityOffice of Budget and Finance

It’s everywhere!

Education – Partnership – Solutions

Information SecurityOffice of Budget and Finance

Devices like…• Networking devices(routers, firewalls, IDS) • Set-top boxes• Medical devices(Health monitors)• Mobile phones. • Home security systems • Vehicles, in-flight entertainment. • Thermostats, metering systems, consumer electronics Displays

Components Of IOT• Physical Objects – Things• Sensors - Sense the physical environment• Actuators - Affect the physical environment• People - Humans can control the environment via mobile apps• Services - Cloud services • Platforms - Type of middleware used to connect IoT components to

IOT.• Networks - IoT components are tied together by networks, using

various wireless and wireline technologies

Common Processor Architectures

• ARM (ARM7, ARM9, Cortex)• Intel ATOM• MIPS• Atmel AVR• Motorola 6800/68000 (68k)• Ambarella• Axis CRIS

Common Buses• Serial buses - SPI, I2C, 1-Wire, UART• PCI, PCIExpress • AMBA – SOC Chip

Common Communication Lines• Ethernet - RJ45• CAN/FlexRay - BMW Cars • Bluetooth• WIFI• Infrared• Zigbee• Other radios (ISM-Band etc)• GPRS

Common Directly Addressable Memory

• DRAM - Dynamic RAM• SRAM – Static RAM• ROM – READ ONLY MEMORY• Flash Memory

Common Operating Systems• Linux - Perhaps most favourite and most encoutered• VxWorks• Cisco IOS• Windows CE/NT• L4• eCos• DOS• Symbian• JunOS• Ambarella

Common Bootloaders • Bootloader is a piece of code that runs before any operating system is

running. • Bootloader are used to boot other operating systems

Common Bootloaders – a. U-Bootb. Perhaps most favourite and most encouteredc. RedBootd. BareBoxe. Ubicom bootloader

Common Libraries and Dev Envs

• busybox + uClibc - Perhaps most favourite and most encoutered• Buildroot• openembedded• crosstool• crossdev

Firmware Formats/Flavors• Ar• YAFFS• JFFS2• SquashFS• CramFS• ROMFS• UbiFS• xFAT• NTFS• extNfs• iHEX• SREC/S19• PJL• CPIO/Ar/Tar/GZip/BZip/LZxxx/RPM

IoT Protocol Stack/Communication Layer

Management Layer(cloud, apps...)

Communication Layer

(network...)

Sensing Layer

(devices...)

Sensing Layer•Dont take it literally :)•Data collection from the physical world•And/Or operation for physical world•Sensors, monitors, camera, readers etc

Communication Layer•Information exchange between two layers

•Provides a channel for data transmission/ communication

- Wifi

- Wired

- Mobile Data

- …

Management Layer•Making sense of the data

•Data Processing

•Storage

•Presentation•Action

Functional Architecture

Common Protocols used in IoT devices

• Protocol – Way 2 or more device/s can communicate with each other.

• Ex – HTTP,FTP,SMTP,SNMP etc

• For IOT can same be use??

• Protocols – MQTT, CoAP, XMPP, RESTful HTTP etc.

Common Protocols used in IoT devices

MQTT Protocol• MQTT was developed by Andy Stanford-Clark and Arlen Nipper in 1999

• Lightweight messaging protocol designed for sensors and devices with • Flaky network connectivity • Low computing power

• Connections where bandwidth is at a premium

• Uses a publish/subscribe architecture in contrast to HTTP with its request/response paradigm

• Components - Publisher/Client, Broker and Subscriber.

MQTT Overview• Each client that wants to receive messages subscribes to a certain

topic and the broker delivers all messages with the matching topic to the client. Therefore the clients don’t have to know each other, they only communicate over the topic

MQTT WORKFLOW• Central concept in MQTT to dispatch messages are Topics.

• A topic is a simple string that can have more hierarchy levels, which are separated by a slash. Example - house/living-room/temperature

• Client can subscribe to the exact topic or on the other hand use a wildcard (# or +)

• The subscription to house/+/temperature would result in all message send to the previously mention topic house/living-room/temperature as well as any topic with an arbitrary value in the place of living room, example house/kitchen/temperature.

• If you need to subscribe to more than one level, for example to the entire subtree, there is also a multilevel wildcard (#). It allows to subscribe to all underlying hierarchy levels. Example house/# is subscribing to all topics beginning with house

Protocol Use Case• Let us see the practical implementation of Protocol.

• Raspberry Pi has a sensor and sends message to Broker

• Broker has a list of subscriber and sends message to them

• For practical Implementation - http://www.hivemq.com/blog/how-to-get-started-with-mqtt

Cloud Service Providers• Amazon• Microsoft• IBM• Google• Salesforce • Cisco• Oracle• SAP• Bosch…..

IOT Prototyping boardsPrototyping boards are microcontrollers and microprocessors with chipsets to handle wireless connections. These development board with Cloud IoT platform enable a fast prototyping process.

They are –a. Arduino Uno b. Arduino MKR1000c. BeagleBone blackd. Raspberry PI e. UDOOf. Particle Photon

What we will be using ?? Arduino Uno Raspberry PI

Arduino • What is Arduino – A development board which include programming

interface, power circuit, basic I/O pins, buttons, LEDs etc as shown

What is the Arduino

Arduino IDE

See: http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Environment for more information

Getting Started• Check out: http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage

1. Download & install the Arduino environment (IDE)2. Connect the board to your computer via the USB cable3. If needed, install the drivers (not needed in lab)4. Launch the Arduino IDE5. Select your board6. Select your serial port7. Open the blink example8. Upload the program

Try It: Connect the USB Cable

todbot.com/blog/bionicarduino

Add an External LED to pin 13

• File > Examples > Digital > Blink• LED’s have polarity

– Negative indicated by flat side of the housing and a short leg

www.instructables.com

A Little Bit About Programming

• Code is case sensitive

• Statements are commands and must end with a semi-colon

• Comments follow a // or begin with /* and end with */

• loop and setup

Our First Program

Terminology

Digital I/0

pinMode(pin, mode)Sets pin to either INPUT or OUTPUT

digitalRead(pin)Reads HIGH or LOW from a pin

digitalWrite(pin, value)Writes HIGH or LOW to a pin

Electronic stuff Output pins can provide 40 mA of currentWriting HIGH to an input pin installs a 20KΩ pullup

Arduino Timing• delay(ms)

– Pauses for a few milliseconds• delayMicroseconds(us)

– Pauses for a few microseconds• More commands: arduino.cc/en/Reference/

HomePage

Good Referenceswww.arduino.ccwww.ladyada.net/learn/arduinowww.EarthshineElectronics.com

RaspberryPi

What is a Raspberry Pi?

• A credit card sized PC• Plugs into a TV or monitor• Inexpensive(ish) ~$30-40 each• Capability:

• Programming• Electronic Projects• Office• Play HD Videos

Kit Components• Essential:

• Raspberry Pi board• Prepared Operating System SD Card• USB keyboard• Display (with HDMI, DVI, or Composite input)• Power Supply

• Highly suggested extras include:• USB mouse• Internet connectivity - LAN cable• Powered USB Hub• Case

Programming Languages• The Raspberry Pi Foundation recommends Python• Any language which will compile for ARMv6 can be used• Installed by default on the Raspberry Pi:

• C• C++• Java• Scratch• Ruby• Python

Setup

Power5v micro

USB connector

(Similar to the one on a lot of mobile phones!)

3.5mm AudioStandard

headphone socketRCA Video

(works with most older

TVs)

HDMI Audio & Video(works with modern TVs and DVI

monitors)

A/V (Audio/Video)

GPIO(Gener

alPurpos

eInput &Output)

10/100MbEthernet

2 x USB 2.0ports

Connectivity

DSI(display

interface)

SOC (System On a Chip)Broadcom BCM2835 700Mhz

Internals LAN Controller

CSI(camera

interface)

SD Card Slot(supports SD cards up to

32GB)

Storage

DEMO TIME – LIVE PROJECTS

THANK YOU