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Nuclear ProliferationLesson 1 The NPT1ObjectivesStudents will differentiate between nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons.Students will explain the history and purpose of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.Students will examine current issues facing the global community surrounding nuclear weapons.Students will formulate opinions about the use and regulation of nuclear weapons.2Warm UpWhat are weapons of mass destruction?

Nuclear, chemical, biological

Inflict mass casualties & destruction

3Compare & Contrast Types of WMDsBiological - Living Organisms: viruses, bacteria, fungi, toxins. Spread deadly diseaseslowly. PortableKill large #s.9/11 Anthrax, ebola, small pox, bubonic plague1972 BWC- 169 states

Chemical - Non-living toxins. Incapacitate, injure, kill. Affect eyes, skin, organs, blood, nerves. Sarin gas in Tokyo subway 1995, mustard gas WW1.1992 CWC- 175 states

Nuclear - Atomic/Hydrogen Bombs. Explosion- Radioactivity. Kill large #s. Destroy infrastructureHiroshima/Nagasaki WW2.4History of Nuclear Proliferation1945 US 1st A-Bombs, end WW2

1946 Baruch Plan

1949 USSR 1st A-Bomb

1950s GB, FRA, China detonateSputnik ProliferationGeneva Accords1957 IAEA Created

1962 Partial Test-Ban Treaty after Cuban Crisis

1968 UN proposes Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

1970 NPT Official5Physical Effects of an Atomic Bomb Explosionhttp://app.discoveryeducation.com/search

Review the effects of nuclear weapons

Give HandoutNPTControls dvpt, spread, use of nuclear technology

3 Goals:Non-proliferationDisarmamentFair access for peaceful use

Signed March 5, 197043 Original, 189 Today

7NPT CategoriesNuclear Weapons States (NWS)

Exploded device prior Jan 1967

US-USSR-GB-France China

Cant transfer weapons/info Non-Nuclear Weapons States (NNWS)

Dont /Wont haveTechnology for peaceful use IAEA Monitoring8NPT ArticlesI NWS cant transfer weapons/info to NNWS

II NNWS wont receive weapons/info

III NNWS wont turn peace into weapons, IAEA monitoring

IV All R&D peaceful tech, free exchange info/tech, share w/dvp worldV Share at lowest possible cost (free?)

VI Agree to disarm negotiations

VII Can make own disarm treaties

VIII Meet every 5 yrs

http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/2009-global-prolif6.pdf

Red Box: Ballistic Missiles with over 1,000 km rangeYellow nation is myanmar

10PredictionsThink Pair Share

List the top 5 countries with Nuclear Weapons in orderActivity: Mapping Nuclear WeaponsUsing the laptops you will map nuclear weapons countries and their number of WMDs.tries and their nuclear weaponsCountryOperational and strategic weapons*Total arsenal**SOURCE: FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SCIENTISTS, AS OF 6 MARCH 2012Russia2,43010,000US1,9508,500France290300China0240UK160225Pakistan090-110India080-100Israel080North Korea0Fewer than 10NPTNWS Big 5

Non-NPT Nuclear StatesIndia & Pakistan (Never signed)N.Korea (Quit 93, 03)

Suspected ProgramsIsrael (Never signed)Iran (NPT Member)Syria/Myanmar

http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Media/north-korea-helping-myanmar-secret-nuclear-program/story?id=10823439

14Importance?Prevents proliferation

Regulations

Sets stage for future negotiationReview Conference every 5 yrs (May 2010)

http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2010/dc3243.doc.htm15ClosureDo you view nuclear proliferation as inconsequential or agree with efforts to limit the spread and numbers of nuclear weapons?16ActivityEach group will receive an article pertaining to nuclear weapons.Read the article individually and answer the close reading questions.Meet in your group to discuss the articleWe will meet as a class and your group will share your article to the class17Current ChallengesUniversalityNonsigners Israel, India, Pakistan

Non-ComplianceIranhttp://www.aljazeera.com/video/middleeast/2011/11/201111734745483645.html

N.KoreaHelping Syria & Myanmar?

Black MarketTerrorismTheft/Illegal Sales

http://www.choices.edu/resources/scholarsonline/nichols/tn5.php

Mordechai Vanunu is a former Israeli nuclear technician who, citing his opposition to weapons of mass destruction, revealed details of Israel's nuclear weapons program to the British press in 1986. He has been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize many times.18