Nuclear Physics Applications on Materials Science

NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series

A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities.

The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division

A Life Sciences B Physics

C Mathematical and Physical SCiences

D Behavioural and Social Sciences E Applied Sciences

F Computer and Systems Sciences G Ecological Sciences H Cell Biology

Series E: Applied Sciences - Vol. 144

Plenum Publishing Corporation London and New York

Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht, Boston and London

Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, Paris and Tokyo

Nuclear Physics Applications on Materials Science

edited by

E. Recknagel Universitat Konstanz, Fakultat fUr Physik, Konstanz, F.R.G.

and

J. C. Soares Centro de Fisica Nuclear, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa Codex, Portugal

Kluwer Academic Publishers

Dordrecht / Boston / London

Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Science Institute on Nuclear Physics Applications on Materials Science Viana do Castelo, Portugal September 6-18, 1987

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data NATO Advanced Science Institute on "Nuclear Physics Applications on

Materials Science" (1987: Viana do Castelo, Portugal) Nuclear physics applications on materials science / editors, E.

Recknagel, J.C. Soares. p. em. -- (NATO ASI series. Series E, Applied sciences; no.

144) "Proceed ings of the NATO Advanced Sc ience Inst aute on . Nuc lear

Physics Applications on Materials Science,' Viana do Castelo. Portugal, September 6-18, 1987"--T.p. verso.

"Published in cooperation with NATO Scient1fic Affairs Division." Includes bibliographies and index.

1. Materials--Corgresses. 2. Nucle2r physics--Congressss. I. Recknagel. E. (Ekkehardl II. Soares, J. C. III. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division. IV. Title. V. Series. TA401.3.N374 1987 620.1' 1--dc19 88-7289

CIP ISBN-13: 978-94-010-7759-0 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-2800-8 001: 10.1007/978-94-009-2800-8

Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

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All Rights Reserved © 1988 by Kluwer Academic Publishers Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1988

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CONTENTS

Preface ix

PART I: LECTURES AND ORAL PRESENTATIONS

An Historical Perspective on Channeling and Ion Implantation ..... J.A. Davies

Ion Beam Studies of Crystal and Interface Atomic Structure ....... 23 W.M. Gibson and Shin Hashimoto

Materials Research with Channeling Combined with RBS, NRA ........ 75 and PIXE

D.O. Boerma

Resonance Planar Channeling Effect on Superlattices ......•...•... 117 Wei-Kan Chu

Channeling Radiation ................•......•..•.................. 133 J.U. Andersen

Localization of Impurity Atoms by Channeling of Electrons ......... 157 and Positrons

H. Hofs~ss, G. Lindner, S. Winter and E. Recknagel

Applications of M~ssbauer Spectroscopy to Characterize ........... 167 Highly Doped Semiconductors

G. Weyer

Ion Beams as Tools of Materials Analysis .............••.......... 173 K. Bethge

Amorphous Phase Formation in Ion-Bombarded Metallic Alloys ....... 183 L. Thome

On Amorphization of NI-ZR by Ion-Beam Mixing and Other ............ 209 Techniques

J. B¢ttiger. K. Dyrbye and R. Poulsen

Rapid Thermal Annealing of Ion Implanted Semiconductors .......... 215 B.J. Sealy

Impurity - Defect Interaction in Metals •.•..•..•..•...•......•... 239 R. Vianden

vi

High Resolution Studies of the Internal Oxidation of Hafnium ...... 263 Implanted Magnesium Single Crystals, Using BaF2 Detectors

M.M. Cruz, A.A. Melo and J.C. Soares

Study of Nitrogen in Niobium and Tantalum Using the Perturbed ..... 269 Angular Correlation Method

P.J. Mendes, J.M. Gil, N. Ayres de Campos, A.P. de Lima and A. Weidinger

Metal-Hydrogen Systems Studied by PAC ............................ 275 A. Weidinger

Surface Studies with Hyperfine Probes ............................ 297 G. Schatz

Peculiar Processes in Glass Surface Analysis ..................... 313 P. Mazzoldi

Local Magnetism in Alloying and Nonalloying Systems .......•...... 327 D. Riegel and K. D. Gross

Interface Tailoring to Enhance Thin Film Adhesion - a Review ...... 369 J. E. E. Baglin

Perspectives ..................................................... 377 H. de Waard

PART II: CONTRIBUTED PAPERS

A Channeling Study of the Super ionic B-PbF2 ....•................. 393 R.C. da Silva, D.O. Boerma and H.W. den Hartog

RBS Study of Annealed Iron-Aluminum Bilayer ...................... 397 F.L. Freire jr., E.F. d~ Silveira, S.R. Teixeira, P.H. Dionisio, W.H. Schreiner and I.J.R. Baumvol

Abnormal Vibrations of Cd Atoms in ZnxCd1_xTe as Deduced from ..... 401 PIXE-RBS Channeling Experiments

R. Kalish and D. Comedi

Laser Induced Effects on the HgCdTe Surface Characterized ......... 403 by RBS and AES

J.L.H.Neira, C.N. Afonso, A. Sequeira, M. Alonso, M.F. da Silva and J.C. Soares

MeV Implants into GaAs ..•........................................ 405 R. Gwilliam, R.S. Deol, B.J. Sealy

TDPAD Measurements on Diamond and Some of its Allotropes ......... 409 S.H. Connell, K. Bharuth-Ram, J.P.F. Sellschop, M.C. Stemmet, H. Appel and U. Karfunkel

Study of the NbHx System in the Region O.75~x~O.90 by ............ 413 Perturbed Angular Correlations

J.M. Gil, P.J. Mendes, A.P. de Lima, N. Ayres de Campos and A. Weidinger

vii

Hydrogen Decoration of Vacancy Defects in Platinum ............... 415 G.S. Collins, Hwa-Jae Jang and S. Shropshire

PAC Studies on lllIn Implanted into Metal Oxides ................. 417 W. BoIse, M. Uhrmacher and K.P. Lieb

Formation of Oxygen Decorated Defects in AgCd Alloys ••..•...•.... 421 . B. Wodniecka, M. Marszalek, P. Wodniecki

TDPAC Study of Cadmium-Indium Alloys ............................. 425 R. Hanada

The High-Tc Superconductor Lal.aSrO.2Cu04 Studied by DPAC .•...... 427 A. Mayer, S. Harris, E. Karlsson and B. Lindgren

Diffusion of lllCd on Mo (110) Surfaces Observed by PAC .........•. 429 E. Hunger, H. Haas, V. Marx and M. Menningen

On the Orientation Dependence of TDPAC Spectra ................... 431 R. Hanada

A TDC-PC Interface for DPAC ........•.....................•....... 433 A. Mayer and B. Lindgren

Defect Trapping in Iron Studied by NMR/ON .............•.......... 435 A. Metz

H-Implantation-Induced Damage in Si .............................. 439 J. Keinonen, M. Hautala, E. Rauhala, V. Karttunen, A. Kuronen, J. Raisanen, J. Lahtinen, A. Vehanen, E. Punkka, and P. Hautojarvi

Positron Annihilation Studies in Neutron Irradiated Steels ....... 441 C. L. Gil, A.P. de Lima, N. Ayres de Campos, J.V. Fernandes, G. KBgel, P. Sperr and W. Triftsh~user

Scattering Mechanisms of 4He+ Ions on Thin and Thick .•.........•. 443 Cylindrical Targets of Heavy Metals

M.A. Harith, H.M. Mansour, M.M. Mahdy and L.M. El-Nadi

Effect of a-Recoil Damage on the Elastic Moduli of Zircon ......... 447 and Tourmaline

H. tlzkan

Use of X-Rays for Characterizing Lightguide Materials ............ 449 W.J. Glantschnig and K.D. Pohl

A System Developed for Measuring the Luminescent ......•........... 453 Properties of Semiconductors

F.E. Ozsan

Index ............................................................ 455

PREFACE

The last decade has seen a rapid development and growing importance in the application of nuclear physics methods to material sciences. It is a general desire to understand modern material problems on a microscopic scale, which, due to their inherent microscopic nature, made nuclear techniques highly suitable tools for basic and applied research in this field.

The Advanced Study Institute on "Nuclear Physics Applications on Ma­terials Science" brought together scientists active in different but closely re­lated fields to review and discuss selected topics of bulk properties of metals, semiconductors and insulators as well as properties of surfaces, interfaces and thin films. Most of the excellent lectures and oral presentations of the School are collected in part I of the present volume, while extended abstracts of scientific work presented as posters are added in part II.

The pleasant site of the ASI at Viana do Castelo and the northern province of Portugal, Alto Minho, provided the stimulating atmosphere for an in­spiring School. Many people contributed to the scientific and social success of the institute. Thanks are especially due to the members of the local organizing committee, N. Ayres de Campos, M. Fernanda da Silva, A. Pedroso de Lima and my co-director J. Carvalho Soares. His permanent involvement in preparing and realization of the ASI was essential for this memorable School.

We are grateful to the Scientific Division of NATO and the co-sponsors of the institute I Direccao Geral do Turismo do Alto Minho,Camara Municipal de Viana do Castelo, Camara Municipal de Ponte do Lima, Council of Europe, European Materials Research Society, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Instituto Nacional de Investigacao Cientifica, Junta Nacional de Investigacao Cientifica e Tecnolo­gica, Lab. Nacional de Engenharia et Tecnologia Industrial. Sociedade Portuguese de Fisica - Divisao FNP, TAP Air Portugal and Banco Pinto & Sotto Mayor.

Ekkehard Recknagel

Konstanz, FRG

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PART I:

LECTURES AND ORAL PRESENTATIONS