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April 2010

James D. Werner

The Other Part

of the USDOE

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7B-61 Nuclear Bomb

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U.S. Department of Energy* Cold War Legacy Facilities

Workers at more than 200 facilities in 37 States were exposed to radiation, beryllium, and other toxic substances

supporting Cold War nuclear weapons activities(See Attached List for Details)

Pantex Plant

Sandia National

Laboratories

Los Alamos National

Laboratory

Rocky Flats Plant

Kansas City Plant

Weldon

Spring

Paducah Plant

Fernald

Plant

Mound

Plant

Portsmouth

Plant

Oak Ridge

Reservation

Savannah

River Site

Pinellas Plant

Amchitka Island

Idaho National

Engineering Laboratory

Nevada Test

Site

Hanford Site

Lawrence

Livermore

National

Laboratory

UraniumEnrichment

UraniumRefining

Fuel andTarget

Fabrication

PlutoniumProduction

Reactors

UraniumFoundry

UraniumMining

and Milling

Reprocessing toSeparate

Plutonium

Assemblyand

Dismantlement

NuclearComponents

NonnuclearComponents

Departmentof Defense

Nuclear Weapons Production

Weapons

Research &

DesignTesting

Uranium and plutonium are

further processed for

warhead triggers

Chemical separation is

used to extract plutonium

from irradiated targets

Warhead triggers, neutron

generators, and other electrical

and mechanical components

are assembled into complete

warheads

Uranium target

elements are

irradiated to create

plutonium

Uranium metal is

formed into fuel

and target

elements for

reactors

Uranium gas is

converted into

metal

Uranium is processed into low

enrichment uranium, highly enriched

uranium & depleted uranium

Uranium is mined and

refined from ore

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6

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2

4

1

2

2 1

4

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3

3

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15

2

3

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1

1

1

1

5

9

2

1

1

1

5

5

1

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=

=2

Former industrial sites contaminated with

radioactivity, some but not all of which

contributed to nuclear weapons production.

Number indicates how many sites were or

are located in the State.

=Be

Former sites contaminated with beryllium,

some but not all of which contributed to

nuclear weapons production.

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Rev. 2, 5/18/00, 07:00

* U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and its predecessor

organizations including the Atomic Energy Commission

and the Energy Research and Development

Administration.

Be

Be3

Be2

Be2

Be3

8Be2

Be6

Be4

BeBe

9

Be3

Be5

Be

Be

Be

Be9

7

Be5

Be

Be

Be2

Be

Be2

Burlington

Assembly Plant

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Be2

Be

3

Be

Be

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HOW

NUCLEAR

WEAPONS

ARE MADE

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James Werner:

Hematite,

Missouri Fuel

loading facility

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James Werner:

Uranium

hexafluordie

cylinders at Oak

Ridge K-25 site

(K-1066-K

storage yard)..

The site stores

5,000 cylinders.

Worker inspects

cylinders using

ultrasound. Jan

9, 1994.

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The U.S. Nuclear Weapons Complex

Pantex

Plant

Savannah

River Site

Paducah Plant

Fernald Plant

Hanford Site

Nevada

Test Site

Lawrence

Livermore

National

Laboratory

Rocky Flats Plant

Los Alamos

National

Laboratory

Sandia National

Laboratories

Waste Isolation

Pilot Plant

Burlington

Assembly

Plant

Portsmouth Plant

Mound Plant

Amchitka

Island

Weldon Spring

Kansas City

Plant

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Pinellas

Plant

Bikini and

Eniwetok

Atolls

Oak Ridge Reservation

Idaho National

Engineering Laboratory

Weapons Research and Design

Fuel Fabrication, Irradiation, and Chemical Separation;

Component Fabrication

Chemical Separation

Plutonium Warheads

Weapons Engineering

Weapons Research and Design

High-Explosives Fabrication,

Final Warhead Assembly

and Disassembly

Uranium Refinery and Metal Foundry

Electronic, Mechanical, and

Plastic Components

Components of Highly Enriched Uranium, Depleted Uranium

and Lithium Deuteride and Uranium Enrichment

Uranium Enrichment

Actuators, Ignitors, Detonators

Neutron Generators

Fuel & Target Fabrication,

Irradiation, Chemical Separation;

Tritium Production

Uranium Enrichment

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4

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2

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9 5

2

Uranium Refinery, Metal Foundry and Machining Plants

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3

4

4

7

9

2

3

2

7

Rio Blanco

and Rulison Sites

Salmon Site

Central Nevada Test Area

and Shoal Test Site

Gnome-Coach

Gasbuggy

A

U

A

U U

U

U

U

4

=

===

A

U

Former industrial sites contaminated

with radioactivity, some but not all of

which contributed to nuclear weapons

production.

Number indicates how many sites were

or are located in the State.

Atmospheric Testing

Underground Testing

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DOWNTOWN FUSRAPST. LOUIS SASH AND DOOR WORKS

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DOWNTOWN FUSRAPBUILDING 51

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DOWNTOWN FUSRAPPIT 1, BUILDING K - OCTOBER 2000

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Enrico

Fermi

49First Man-made Sustained

Nuclear Chain Reaction;

Inside Squash Court Under the Spectator

50Burial Marker for Fermi Reactor,

State Park outside of Chicago.

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WELDON SPRING SITECHEMICAL PLANT - 1956 to 1967

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54m

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J

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Weldon Spring Uranium Processing Plant - 1982

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Weldon Spring Uranium Processing Plant - 1982

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WELDON SPRING SITEWASTE DUMPED IN THE QUARRY

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WELDON SPRING SITEQUARRY

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WELDON SPRING SITE1985

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“Institutional controls will fail.”

National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council, Board on Radioactive

Waste Management, Committee on the Remediation of Buried and Tank Waste,

Long-Term Institutional Management of the U.S. Department of Energy Legacy Waste

Sites, August 2000, at page 97.

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509 Bomb Wing

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James D. Werner

DNREC

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