2 June 2015

NST-ASM FUTURE MALAYSIA FORUM

Malaysia 2050: Great Aspirations.

How is the Outlook of Science?

2 June 2015

Imagine the Future We Aspire

Sustainable Connected High Quality of Life

Prosperous Harmonious

Key Questions

How do we get to where we want to be?

Where are we now?

What are we facing today?

Global Risks

People

• Severe income disparity

• Globarl governance failure

• Profound political and social instability

• Structurally high unemployment/underemployment

Planet

• Failure of climate change mitigation and adaptation

• Greater incidence of extreme weather events (e.g. floods, storms, fires)

• Water crises

• Food crises

Profit

• Fiscal crises in key economies

• Failure of major financial mechanisms/ institutions

Source: WEF (2014). Global Risks Perception Survey 2013-2014.

Top Global Mega Trends

Source: Frost & Sullivan (2012)

Source: Southeast Asia at the Crossroads: Three Paths to Prosperity, McKinsey & Company (2014)

Disruptive Technologies

Malaysia’s Aspiration

Becoming a high-income nation

by 2020

Committed to Sustainable

Development Goals (SDGs) 2016-

2030

Embracing Smart Community

concept

Science Outlook 2015

Mega Science Study:

Malaysia 2050

Focus Areas

STI Governance

STI Enculturation

STI Talent R,D,&C

Alliance Wealth Creation

Societal Wellbeing

Do we have a robust STI

Governance in place?

Malaysia requires overarching STI Master Plan for

a unified execution strategy

STI Master Plan?

81 Policies

(56 STI related policies)

318+ entities

26 Ministries 22 GLC

158 agency/department 20 IHL

1 Subsidiary

60 statutory body 6 commission

15 State Government

Planning

Implementation

Ideation, Advisory & Monitoring

STI Governance

Majority of the top 10

countries with highest

economic output have a

stable STI governance

structure

Japan

Taiwan

Denmark

Switzerland

USA

Israel

Korea

GERD/GDP

Need for legislative drive to address STI

issues

STI Governance

Ideation

Advisory

Planning Implementation

Monitoring &

Evaluation

STI MANAGEMENT

CYCLE

Need to strengthen STI Management Cycle

STI Governance

Recommendations

Enactment of a Science Act

Establish a Parliamentary Select Committee on

STI

Strengthen STI Management Cycle particularly;

• Ideation

• Monitoring & Evaluation

Empower centralised STI coordination and

monitoring body

• Transcend all ministries

• Greater stakeholder participation

STI Governance

Is STI exciting and meaningful

to Society?

Lack of scientific culture

to nurture a science

literate society.

• Temporary interest

amongst the

Malaysian public on

STI

• Lack of measure

for the level of STI

enculturation

STI Enculturation

Most of us are social consumers, not prosumers as evidenced by

the intensity of social networking site activities

Sources: Accountants Today (2014); comScore, McKinsey (2010)

Malaysia is

the 18th

largest

global user

of Facebook

Global

average of

Internet

usage for

education is

29%

(Malaysians

only 15%)

STI Enculturation

Establish a strategic long-term STI Enculturation Plan

• Early exposure to science in schools

• Popularising science to society

• Engage public through multiple platforms (online, public forum & mass media)

• Develop Science Enculturation Index

Promote enculturation of knowledge-enhancing applications and content

Recommendations

STI Enculturation

How is Malaysia positioned

with its STI Talent pool?

Malaysia needs at least ONE MILLION

S&T human capital by 2020

Where are we now?

• Currently only 28% of

workforce is high skilled

– all sectors

• At the current rate of entry,

there will be a shortage of

80% RSEs by 2020

• Brain Drain: 10% with

tertiary education migrate

overseas

50% high

skilled

workers

(HRST, 2013)

STI Talent

Cohort 2012

(Current)

2020

(Projection)

Advanced

Countries

Total of high

skilled workers in

S&T

0.7% (of 12 mil WF)

85K 3%

(of 15 mil WF)

500K (MPKSN

Projection,1999)

30% (Average)

Decreasing interest in Science leads to the depletion of STI talent

Year Science : Non- Science

1986 31 : 69

1993 20 : 80

2001 29 : 71

2004 36 : 64

2011 41 : 59

2014 21 : 79 (PT3)

(MOE, 2015)

Where we are now?

• Ad-hoc changes in policies

affect outcomes on students

• Low bar on quality teachers

• Ineffective teaching methods

• Not appealing to students:

target of 60:40 (since 1967)

Science to Arts with 270,000

students ready to enter S&T

courses at tertiary level by

2020 has not been achieved

as of 2014

STI Talent

Recommendations

Systematic planning and

development for STI Talent (HCRST Roadmap, 2013)

Bridge the gap between policy

and reality through review of

implementation

Strategise on retaining STI talent

(eg. engage retired RSEs,

incentivise STI-based profession

& career path)

STI Talent

Recommendations

Implement IBSE learning

approach in science

education

QUESTION TOTAL KNOWING APPLYING REASONING

IBSE NON IBSE IBSE NON-IBSE IBSE NON-IBSE IBSE NON-IBSE

Median 37 33 14 12 17 15 7 6

Pupils’ Scores in TIMMS

GRADE

A B C D E

IBSE

(N=66) 29 31 6 - -

Non-IBSE

(N=53) 2 30 16 3 2

Pupils’ Scores in UPSR from one of the pilot schools

STI Talent

Does Public R, D & C

Address National Priorities,

Challenges and Potential

Opportunities towards

Societal Well-being?

1,671.5 (2000) –

10,612.8 (2012)

INCREMENT IN

GERD (RM MILLION)

535%

15,022 (2000)

– 75,257(2012) INCREMENT IN

RESEARCHER HEAD

COUNT

401%

24 (2000) –

305 (2013) INCREMENT IN

PATENT GRANTED

1,171%

5.1% (6MP) – 8.0% (9MP) COMMERCIALISATION RATE

(MOSTI, 2014)

RESEARCH

DEVELOPMENT

COMMERCIALISATION

28.4% GROWTH IN QUALITY

PUBLICATIONS

from 2005 to 2009

R, D & C

Lack seamless process to allow research to transition

smoothly to subsequent stages

Ideation Value

Analysis

Concept

Idea

Basic

R&D

Applied

R&D

Experiment

Research

Prototype

Incubation Pilot

Production

Early

Growth

Production

Mature

Production

Value

Realisation

PRE-R&D R&D EARLY STAGE

COMMERCIALISATION COMMERCIALISATION

ASM

MOE

IHLs

GRIs

MIGHT

MOSTI

MOE

MOA

MOH

MINDEF

MOSTI

MITI

MOE

VCs

Industry

MOSTI

MITI

MOE

Integrating IP Industry set-up Role of

solution-providers

Interest of researchers &

project managers

I R, D & C

Empower existing centralized body to promote seamless RDC implementation, management & monitoring to evaluate beyond ROI

Strategise and focus on effective utilisation of GERD for competitiveness

Recommendations

R, D & C

Can Malaysia Tap into

Global Opportunities

through Strategic

Collaborations in the STI

Arena?

No evidence on how various agreements provide benefits related

to STI development for Malaysia.

STI Strategic International Alliance

Multilateral Agreements

17out of 108 is STI-related

Multilateral agreements (15.7%)

(Ministry of Foreign Affairs)

Signed STI Related Bilateral

Agreements with 88 countries out of 193

46 %

(MOSTI)

Establishing leadership

• niche areas

• international recognition

Achieving excellence

•RDC Outputs

•HCD

Increase STI-focused international alliances

to gain better benefits

Target strategic partners (ASEAN,BRICS and

MIST) and improve image of Malaysia’s STI

capabilities

Recommendations

STI Strategic International Alliance

How engaged are our Industries

in existing STI frameworks

towards Wealth Creation ?

• Industry is only focused on ROI

• Need to strengthen and empower formalised platforms for

tripartite (UIG) linkages (eg. Steinbeis, PlatCom Venture and

PPRN), avoid overlaps

Question:

Do you have any existing

partnership with any R&D institute or

university that help you with product

innovations etc.?

(Industry perception audit, 2014)

Yes, 29.55%

No, 70.45%

Percentage of firms reporting

high importance (%) for year

2005-2008

(MASTIC,2011)

21.8

16.8 16.4

0

10

20

30

Scientific journalsand trade/technical

publications

Universities orother higher

educationinstitutes

Government/private non-profitresearch institutes

Wealth Creation

Poor awareness of STI Policies among Industry players

due to lack of opportunities for communication, limited

exposure and engagement

Question:

Are you aware of any national

policies/or and infrastructure that

supports SMEs & the Industry to

achieve local, regional and global

growth?

(Industry perception audit, 2014)

Yes 36.73

%

No 30.61

%

Not Sure 32.65

%

Wealth Creation

Recommendations

Strategise effective

implementation of formal

and regulated linkages

for public, private,

university and

government

Aggressive & continuous

information channels to

disseminate STI agenda

to the industry players &

enhance understanding

& involvement

Agriculture Industry

Automotive Industry

Aviation Industry

Communication Industry

Creative Industry

Electric & Electronic Industry

Furniture Industry

Maritime Industry

National Security Industry

Plastic & Composite

Industry

Space Industry

Tourism Industry

Wealth Creation

Are we addressing Societal

Well-being effectively?

Sectorial Studies

Water Energy Health Agriculture Biodiversity

Resource 4X more than demand Yet, we face water scarcity … Where are we going wrong?

BCM* – Billion Cubic Metres Source: National Water Resources Study 2012

The Malaysian Water Setting

Reduce

Fragmentation in

Water

Governance

Enabling

Environment

for Enforcement

of Legislations

Climate Change Water Science

and Technology

Stakeholder

Acceptance

Funding and

Tariffs

Guidelines and

Standards

Can we turn

vulnerability

into a

strategic

advantage?

Challenges in Water Sector

POTENTIAL ENTRY POINT PROGRAMMES –

WATER RESOURCES

Flood/ Drought

Mitigations

Integrated Water

Resources

Management

Water Research and

Innovation Cluster

Ecosystem Services

Climate Change

Adaptation

Water Pollution

Monitoring/

Rehabilitation

Integrated Coastal

Zone Management

Meetings, Incentives,

Conference &

Exhibitions

Water-based

Recreation & Tourism

Waterfront and Water-

Sensitive City

Renewable energy: The way forward

2050

- 70 % increase in demand for food

- 40 % increase in demand for energy

But by 2030, 40% shortage

of water supply is expected

globally

Recommendation

Adopt Nexus Approach – interconnectedness

of water, energy and food.

Technologies for Housing

1. Bestari (Smart) Homes technology

2. Prefabricated (IBS) modular homes

3. Eco-Construction Technology

4. Automating processes

Housing

Source: International Energy Agency, 2014

Transportation

2

Leverage on Waterways

Rich Coast line

An alternative mode of

transportation

Generate economic activities

Greener mode of transportation

Sustainable development

Infrastructure

To deliver smart cities, we need broadband that is fast,

affordable, reliable, and available everywhere

500

200

100 100 100 60

20 $0.07 $0.13 $0.25 $0.32 $0.34

$0.47

$4.04

$-

$0.50

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

$4.00

$4.50

$5.00

-

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Hong Kong Tokyo Berlin Seoul Paris London Kuala Lumpur

Cities Max Speed & Cost/Mbps

Speed (Mbps) Cost (USD/Mbps)

Source: The State of the Internet, 2012 Akamai Technologies, Inc.

Infrastructure

Legislative framework

CROSS-CUTTING

ISSUES

Leveraging on Science,

Technology and Innovation (STI)

S&T Ideation

We have to get it and do it right today to

reap the benefits of STI

“Malaysia 2050: Great Aspirations.

Enormous Opportunities. Act Now.” (Academy of Sciences Malaysia, 2015)

THANK YOU

2 June 2015