november 17, 2015 applications of produced water in biodiesel production and distribution soumya...
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November 17, 2015
Applications of Produced Water in Biodiesel Production and
Distribution
Soumya Yadala,
Selen Cremaschi, PhD
The University of Tulsa
2015 International Petroleum Environmental Conference
Denver, CO
November 17-19, 2015
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Presentation outline
Soumya Yadala, Selen Cremaschi 2015 IPEC
Algae based-Biodiesel
Biodiesel Production
Results
Mathematical Modeling
Future directions
Research Objective
Questions?
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3
4
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6
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Motivation – Produced water
Soumya Yadala, Selen Cremaschi 2015 IPEC
Salty water trapped in the reservoir rock and brought up along with oil or gas during production
It can contain very minor amounts of chemicals, oil, and metals
These waters exist under high pressures and temperatures
Scientists recently were successful in conducting the first pilot-scale test of algae growth using water from an oil-production well in Jal, New Mexico
However, these large quantities of saline water have great potential value for algal biofuel production
Every year in the United States about 800 billion gallons of produced water is brought to the surface along with oil and gas and about 98% of this water is routinely disposed as a waste product
Introduction Methodology Results ConclusionObjectives
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Advantages
Soumya Yadala, Selen Cremaschi 2015 IPEC
Higher oil yieldAlgae biofuel
Grown on non-arable land and using produced water
No sulfur, non-toxic & biodegradable
Food vs. fuel
Higher growth rates & productivities
CO2 capture
Introduction Methodology Results ConclusionObjectives
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Soumya Yadala, Selen Cremaschi 2015 IPEC
Challenges
Algae biofuel
High capital, operating & production costs
Difficulty in scaling up
Variety of algae strains
Lack of optimal design of cultivation systems
Relatively new technology
Introduction Methodology Results ConclusionObjectives
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Biodiesel Production
Soumya Yadala, Selen Cremaschi 2015 IPEC
Selection of Algae Species
Selection of Location
Algae Cultivation
Harvesting
Drying
Extraction
Varying oil content and specific growth rates
Influences climatic conditions and sunlight
Introduction Methodology Results ConclusionObjectives
Transesterification
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Research Objective
Soumya Yadala, Selen Cremaschi 2015 IPEC
Methodology Results ConclusionObjectivesIntroduction
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Optimization
Soumya Yadala, Selen Cremaschi 2015 IPEC
Optimization focuses on finding the best solution from a set of available alternatives subject to constraints.
Alternatives Objective Function
Decision Variables Constraints
Optimization
Results ConclusionMethodologyIntroduction Objectives
Objective functionTo minimize the production, operating and transportation costs of biodiesel
Optimal algae cultivation systems Reliable supply chain network flow topology
of production and distribution centers
Alternatives Algae Species – I. galbana Cultivation Units – Raceway Ponds Geographical Locations – USA Routes Means of Transportation – Trucks, Rails, Barges, and Pipelines
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Alternatives - Locations
Soumya Yadala, Selen Cremaschi 2015 IPEC
Results ConclusionMethodologyIntroduction Objectives
SupplyTexas
Mississippi
Alabama
Kentucky
Georgia
Oklahoma
Virginia
Arizona
North Carolina
South Carolina
PortHouston
Gulf of Mississippi
Mobile
Paducah
Savannah
Tulsa
Norfolk
Phoenix
Wilmington
Charleston
ExtractionHouston
Gulf of Mississippi
Mobile
Paducah
Savannah
Tulsa
Norfolk
Phoenix
Wilmington
Charleston
Houston
Los Angeles
Philadelphia
Chicago
Toledo
TransesterificationHouston
Gulf of Mississippi
Mobile
Paducah
Savannah
Tulsa
Norfolk
Phoenix
Wilmington
Charleston
Houston
Los Angeles
Philadelphia
Chicago
Toledo
DemandHouston
Los Angeles
Philadelphia
Chicago
Toledo
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Alternatives – Means of Transportation
Soumya Yadala, Selen Cremaschi 2015 IPEC
Results ConclusionMethodologyIntroduction Objectives
Supply Port
Extraction
Esterification
Demand
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Alternatives - Routes
Soumya Yadala, Selen Cremaschi 2015 IPEC
Results ConclusionMethodologyIntroduction Objectives
Supply Port Extraction Transesterification Demand
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Decision Variables
Soumya Yadala, Selen Cremaschi 2015 IPEC
Alternatives Objective Function
Decision Variables Constraints
Optimization
Results ConclusionMethodologyIntroduction Objectives
Demand
DAProduced(Sloc), NPond(Sloc),TSApond(Sloc)
Supply
PortDATransported(Ploc) DAAvailable(Ploc)
ExtractionDATransported(Eloc) AOProduced(Eloc)
TransesterificationAOTransported(Tloc) BDProduced(Tloc)
TransportTruck(Sloc,Ploc), NTruck(Sloc,Ploc)
TransportTruck,Rail,Barge(Ploc,Eloc), NTruck,Rail,Barge(Ploc,Eloc)
TransportTruck,Rail,Barge(Eloc,Tloc), NTruck,Rail,Barge(Eloc,Tloc)
TransportTruck,Rail,Barge,Pipeline(Tloc,Dloc), NTruck,Rail,Barge,Pipeline(Tloc,Dloc)
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Objective Function
Alternatives Objective Function
Decision Variables Constraints
Optimization
10
0 1
1
n
TransExtPond
nTransExtPond
OpCt
LandCt
WaterCt
ElecticCt
MARRTranportCtCpCtZ
Min
Soumya Yadala, Selen Cremaschi 2015 IPEC
Results ConclusionMethodologyIntroduction Objectives
1%2% 3%4%
8%
70%
3%
1%
1% 1% 0%5%
1%Site Preparation
Pond levees
Paddle wheel
Harvesting
Flocculation
Extraction
Water & nutrient supply
Waste treatment
Buildings, roads, drainage
Electric Supply and distribution
Instumentation and machinery
Engineering and contingency
18%
20%
44%
4%
12% 3%
Nutrients
Chemicals
Labor
Maintenance and repair
Operating supplies
Taxes and insurance
Capital Costs Operating Costs
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Constraints
Alternatives Objective Function
Decision Variables Constraints
Optimization
Results ConclusionMethodologyIntroduction Objectives
Sloc,PlocTruckSlocproducedpond TransportDAn
DAProduced (Sloc), NPond(Sloc)Supply
TransportTruck(Sloc,Ploc)
PlocSloc,Ploc dtransporteTruck DATransport
PortDATransported (Ploc) DAAvailable (Ploc)
TransportTruck,Rail,Barge(Ploc,Eloc)
ElocdtransportePloc
BargePloc
RailPloc
Truck DATransportTransportTransportPloc,ElocPloc,ElocPloc,Eloc
Soumya Yadala, Selen Cremaschi 2015 IPEC
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Constraints
Alternatives Objective Function
Decision Variables Constraints
Optimization
Results ConclusionMethodologyIntroduction Objectives
ExtractionDATransported(Eloc) AOProduced(Eloc)
TransportTruck,Rail,Barge(Eloc,Tloc)
speciesnextracctio
Produced
Elocdtransporte OCη
AODA Eloc
Tloc
BargeTloc
RailTloc
TruckElocproduced Eloc,TlocEloc,TlocEloc,TlocTransportTransportTransportAO
TlocdtransporteEloc
BargeEloc
RailEloc
Truck AOTransportTransportTransportEloc,TlocEloc,TlocEloc,Tloc
TransesterificationAOTransported(Tloc) BDProduced(Tloc)
TransportTruck,Rail,Barge,Pipeline(Tloc,Dloc)
lipid
BDificationtransester
Produced
Tlocdtransporte
MWMW
η
BDAO Tloc
3
Soumya Yadala, Selen Cremaschi 2015 IPEC
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Constraints
Alternatives Objective Function
Decision Variables Constraints
Optimization
Results ConclusionMethodologyIntroduction Objectives
Soumya Yadala, Selen Cremaschi 2015 IPEC
TransesterificationAOTransported(Tloc) BDProduced(Tloc)
TransportTruck,Rail,Barge,Pipeline(Tloc,Dloc)
DlocPipe
DlocBarge
DlocRail
DlocTruckTlocproduced
Tloc,DlocTloc,Dloc
Tloc,DlocTloc,Dloc
TransportTransport
TransportTransportBD
DlocDloc
PipeDloc
Barge
DlocRail
DlocTruck
DemandTransportTransport
TransportTransport
Tloc,DlocTloc,Dloc
Tloc,DlocTloc,Dloc
Alternatives Objective Function
Decision Variables Constraints
Optimization GAMS(General Algebraic Modeling System) BARON
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Results
Soumya Yadala, Selen Cremaschi 2015 IPEC
ConclusionIntroduction Objectives Methodology Results
Supply Port Extraction Transesterification Demand
Texas
Mississippi
Alabama
Kentucky
Georgia
Houston
Gulf of MS
Mobile
Savannah
Houston
Mobile
Savannah
Houston
Los Angeles
Philadelphia
Chicago
Toledo
Gulf of MS
Houston
Gulf of MS
Philadelphia
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Results
Soumya Yadala, Selen Cremaschi 2015 IPEC
ConclusionIntroduction Objectives Methodology Results
Production Costs TransportCt
CpCtPond
OpCtPond
WaterCt
CpCtTrans
OpCtTrans
CpCtExt
OpCtExt
LandCt
ElectricCtRaceway Pond Dimensions = Channel Depth = 1 m
Pond width = 3.5 m Pond length = 300 m
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Results
Soumya Yadala, Selen Cremaschi 2015 IPEC
ConclusionIntroduction Objectives Methodology Results
Supply
Texas
Mississippi
Alabama
Georgia
x
x
x
x
8.5000E6
8.5200E6
8.8200E6
1.0665E7
= 8.5000E5 ha
= 8.5200E5 ha
= 8.8200E5 ha
= 1.0665E6 ha
NPond(Sloc) NTruck(Sloc,Ploc)
3.7686E5
7.5971E6
3.5821E5
4.3563E5
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Conclusions
Soumya Yadala, Selen Cremaschi 2015 IPEC
Model the dynamic behavior of algae biomass cultivation using HYSYS simulation software
Model the network flow topology of algae oil distribution in the United states
Future directions
A mathematical framework is developed to estimate the best combination of algae species, geographical location, and raceway pond geometry by combining experimentally validated temperature, irradiance, and algae growth models with optimization
Methodology Results ConclusionIntroduction Objectives
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Acknowledgement
Soumya Yadala, Selen Cremaschi 2015 IPEC
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Tulsa
TUPSE Research Group
Methodology Results ConclusionIntroduction Objectives
IPEC
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November17, 2015
Soumya Yadala, Selen Cremaschi 2015 IPEC
THANK YOU
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