notes assignment #1 is due next friday by 11:59 pm via e-mail test #1 will be held thursday february...
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Notes
• Assignment #1 is due next Friday by 11:59 pm via e-mail
• Test #1 will be held Thursday February 18 at the start of class (one period long)
• Format:– Multiple Choice– Fill in Blanks– Short Answer
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Agenda
• Recap of Sending E-Mail• Receiving e-mail attachments via Pine• Working with Directories
– Directory Definition
– Creating Directories
– Copying Files among directories
– Display / Combine Files
• FTP application
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Pine
How to Receive Attachments
• Read E-mail message
• Press V to view attachments
• Select attachment file
• Press S to save file
• File will be saved on your home directory
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Unix Mail Command
• It is difficult to edit a composed message in Unix mail.
• Make sure to check spelling of words BEFORE pressing ENTER to go to next line
• If you want to abort message, press <CTRL><z>
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Directories
• The directory of a disk is an area where the names and locations of files are stored.
• Each storage device such as a hard disk has at least one directory which is called Root.
• Directories make it more efficient to store files under logical categories or locations.
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Directories
Inverted Tree Diagrams visualize directory structures
Root ( / )
students
msaul
tmp
Students is theparent directory of msaul
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Making Directories
Building directories is similar in approach to building a house
• Begins from a foundation (root)
• Need to build in proper order (add on addition to house in right location)
• Need to step-back and look at construction (ls, pwd)
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Create a Directory tmp From Your Default Directory
Questions:• Where are we located?
• Where do we want to build directory?
• What command to use?
• How to confirm if directory is in right location?
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Where are we located?
• Logon to Phobos account
• Issue command pwd to determine location (home directory)
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Where do we want to build directory?
• Want to build a directory called tmp that branches-off of your home directory (msaul)
• We need to be in home directory (msaul) before issuing command to create the directory tmp.
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What command to use?
• Type mkdir tmp at the Unix prompt, followed by ENTER
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How to confirm if directory is in right location?
• Type ls -l at the Unix prompt
or
• Type tree at the Unix prompt
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Subdirectory
• A subdirectory is a directory that relates to its parent directory.
• Sub means “under” in latin and indicates that the directory branches off previous directory
• For example, tmp is a directory, but it is also a subdirectory of msaul
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Directories
• Relative Directory Address– Directories relative to other directories– eg. cd ../lab1 would mean to move back to
parent directory and then to lab1
• Absolute Directory Address– Full directory path– eg cd /home/msaul/lab1
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Create a Directory tmp From Your Default Directory
Root ( / ) (directory)
home (subdirectory)
msaul (subdirectory)
tmp (subdirectory)
tmp (subdirectory)
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Copying / Moving / Renaming Files
cp source.file destination.file
mv (specify file pathnames)
mv old.filename new.filename
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Changing Directories
cd directory
cd directory path
cd
cd .. (change to parent directory)
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Other Unix Commands
• Find– Used to locate files within directories
• More– Used to view files (ability to see screen by
screen)
• Touch– Used to create an empty file to be later editing
using text editor such as nled
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Redirection
• A method to redirect output from a printer or a screen display onto a file
• eg– find lab1 -print > lab_structure
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Pipe
• A useful method to combine one or more Unix commands
• eg– ls -al | more– This displays full listing of files, but pauses
when screen becomes full
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Removing Directories
Removing directories is reverse order of building directories
• Cannot remove directories containing files or other subdirectories
• Need to “step-back” to at least parent directory to remove empty directory
• Issue command rmdir
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Create a Directory tmp From Your Default Directory
Root ( / ) (directory)
home (subdirectory)
msaul (subdirectory)
tmp (subdirectory)
tmp (subdirectory)
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FTP Application
• This application is used for transferring files among different computer systems.
• FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol
• The FTP application used at Seneca College is WS_FTP