notes #6-b chapter 14 immigration & urbanization (1870—1914)

Notes #6-BNotes #6-BChapter 14Chapter 14

Immigration & Immigration & UrbanizationUrbanization

(1870—1914)(1870—1914)

b.b. Describe Ellis Island, the Describe Ellis Island, the

change in immigrants’ origins change in immigrants’ origins

to Southern and Eastern to Southern and Eastern

Europe, and the impact of this Europe, and the impact of this

change on urban United change on urban United

States.States.

SSUSH12— The student will analyze SSUSH12— The student will analyze

important consequences of American important consequences of American

industrial growth.industrial growth.

Chapter 14 – Chapter 14 – OverviewOverview

New immigrants came to the United New immigrants came to the United

States in the late 19States in the late 19thth century century

leading to increased urbanization leading to increased urbanization

and industrialization in the North. and industrialization in the North.

Eventually, the rise in population Eventually, the rise in population

led to the development of mass led to the development of mass

culture in the United States.culture in the United States.

SSUSH12— The student will describe the SSUSH12— The student will describe the

growth of big business and technological growth of big business and technological

innovations after Reconstruction.innovations after Reconstruction.

b. Describe Ellis Island, the change in b. Describe Ellis Island, the change in immigrants’ origins to immigrants’ origins to Southern and Southern and Eastern Europe, and the impact of this Eastern Europe, and the impact of this change on urban United States.change on urban United States.

““New Immigrants”New Immigrants” – –

Immigrants who arrived from Eastern and Immigrants who arrived from Eastern and

Southern Europe (1870—1914).Southern Europe (1870—1914).

New nationalities included Poles, Russians, New nationalities included Poles, Russians,

Ukrainians, Greeks, Italians, etc.Ukrainians, Greeks, Italians, etc.

““Old Immigrants”Old Immigrants” – –

Immigrants who arrived from Northern and Immigrants who arrived from Northern and

Western Europe (1630—1860).Western Europe (1630—1860).

Old nationalities included English, German, Old nationalities included English, German,

Irish, Scots, etc.Irish, Scots, etc.


Push factorsPush factors – –

Poor economic conditions, wars, religious Poor economic conditions, wars, religious

discrimination and other factors that force discrimination and other factors that force

people to emigrate from a nation.people to emigrate from a nation.

Pull factorsPull factors – –

Good economic conditions, peace, religious Good economic conditions, peace, religious

freedom, and other factors that motivate freedom, and other factors that motivate

people to immigrate into a nation.people to immigrate into a nation.

““Immigration & Urbanization” (p. 3)Immigration & Urbanization” (p. 3)

1.1.Why did immigrants come to the United States, Why did immigrants come to the United States,

and what impact did they have on society?and what impact did they have on society?

Immigrants came to the United States . . .Immigrants came to the United States . . .

Opportunity to own land.Opportunity to own land.

To find better-paying jobs.To find better-paying jobs.

For religious and political freedom.For religious and political freedom.

They were pushed from their homelands by They were pushed from their homelands by

political upheaval, religious persecution, wars, political upheaval, religious persecution, wars,

or land reform.or land reform.


The Journey to AmericaThe Journey to America

––

Passage on ships Passage on ships

was the only means was the only means

of travel in the late of travel in the late

1919thth century into the century into the

2020thth century. century.

Many immigrants Many immigrants

traveled as traveled as steeragesteerage

(third class (third class

accommodations accommodations

aboard steamships).aboard steamships).


Angel IslandAngel Island – –

Immigration station located in San Francisco Immigration station located in San Francisco

Bay where Asian immigrants (mainly third-Bay where Asian immigrants (mainly third-

class passengers) would arrive to be class passengers) would arrive to be

processed.processed.

Many Angel Island immigrants had to wait Many Angel Island immigrants had to wait

weeks to be processed and lived in poor weeks to be processed and lived in poor

conditions until released.conditions until released.


Ellis IslandEllis Island – –

Opening in 1892 , immigration station located in New Opening in 1892 , immigration station located in New

York Harbor where European immigrants (mainly York Harbor where European immigrants (mainly

third-class passengers) would arrive to be processed.third-class passengers) would arrive to be processed.

First-class and second-class passengers were usually First-class and second-class passengers were usually

inspected on the ship and released.inspected on the ship and released.

About 2% were denied entry and sent back to the About 2% were denied entry and sent back to the

nation of origin.nation of origin.

Many new immigrants remained in New York City or Many new immigrants remained in New York City or

traveled to other eastern cities for economic or social traveled to other eastern cities for economic or social

reasons.reasons.


Ellis IslandEllis Island


Assimilation for ImmigrantsAssimilation for Immigrants – –

The majority of immigrants lived in ethnic The majority of immigrants lived in ethnic

neighborhoods with people who shared their neighborhoods with people who shared their

native language, religion, and culture.native language, religion, and culture.

SettlementSettlement houseshouses offered Americanization offered Americanization

programs to help immigrants develop some programs to help immigrants develop some

skills, learn English, and adopt to American skills, learn English, and adopt to American

styles of dress and diet.styles of dress and diet.


2.2. How did the views of settlement house How did the views of settlement house

workers differ from Nativists over the issue of workers differ from Nativists over the issue of

immigration?immigration?

SettlementSettlement househouse workersworkers welcomed immigrants welcomed immigrants

and helped them adjust to the life in the and helped them adjust to the life in the

United States.United States.

NativistsNativists resented the arrival of immigrants and resented the arrival of immigrants and

sometimes acted with hostility toward them.sometimes acted with hostility toward them.


Assimilation for ImmigrantsAssimilation for Immigrants


E Pluribus UnumE Pluribus Unum – –

Phrase which means, Phrase which means,

““from many, onefrom many, one” ”

which indicates the which indicates the

unique blend of the unique blend of the

culture of the United culture of the United

States.States.


““Melting Pot”Melting Pot” – –

Many immigrants held on to their traditions and Many immigrants held on to their traditions and

culture, while adding to the culture of the United culture, while adding to the culture of the United

States.States.

This blend of cultures created one distinct American This blend of cultures created one distinct American

culture (culture (E Pluribus UnumE Pluribus Unum).).

NativismNativism – –

The belief that native-born citizens of the United The belief that native-born citizens of the United

States were superior to newcomers.States were superior to newcomers.

Rose due to the competition for jobs, fear of Rose due to the competition for jobs, fear of

religion, and change.religion, and change.


Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 – –

Act passed by Congress and signed by Act passed by Congress and signed by

President Chester Arthur.President Chester Arthur.

Prohibited immigration from China, limited the Prohibited immigration from China, limited the

rights of Chinese immigrants already in the rights of Chinese immigrants already in the

United States, and forbade them from United States, and forbade them from

becoming naturalized citizens.becoming naturalized citizens.


UrbanizationUrbanization – – The rapid growth of cities which occurred in the late 19The rapid growth of cities which occurred in the late 19thth

and early 20and early 20thth centuries due to the number of immigrants centuries due to the number of immigrants from other nations and rural immigrants seeking jobs in from other nations and rural immigrants seeking jobs in the city.the city.

Cities Offer AdvantagesCities Offer Advantages – – Cities became manufacturing and transportation centers Cities became manufacturing and transportation centers

clustered in the Northeast, Midwest, and West Coast clustered in the Northeast, Midwest, and West Coast regions.regions.

Many new professional service jobs opened to the middle-Many new professional service jobs opened to the middle-class were being created in downtown areas.class were being created in downtown areas.

Many colleges, museums, public schools, libraries, Many colleges, museums, public schools, libraries, residences, offices, entertainment, and residences were residences, offices, entertainment, and residences were located in large cities.located in large cities.


Technology Changes the Urban LandscapeTechnology Changes the Urban Landscape – – Cities benefited from innovations such as Cities benefited from innovations such as

transportation improvements (electric trolleys and transportation improvements (electric trolleys and subways).subways).

Building codes allowed for a systematic creation of Building codes allowed for a systematic creation of building construction and planning.building construction and planning.

Steel improvements allowed for taller buildings Steel improvements allowed for taller buildings creating defining city skylines.creating defining city skylines.

Central heating systems were placed in buildings Central heating systems were placed in buildings beginning in the 1880s along with improvements to beginning in the 1880s along with improvements to elevators.elevators.

Mass transit connected many areas with the central Mass transit connected many areas with the central business district.business district.


Technology Changes the Urban LandscapeTechnology Changes the Urban Landscape


Rise of SuburbsRise of Suburbs – –

Areas formed around urban centers which utilized Areas formed around urban centers which utilized

mass transit to travel to the central business district, mass transit to travel to the central business district,

entertainment, and other urban areas.entertainment, and other urban areas.

Frederick Law OlmstedFrederick Law Olmsted – –

Civil engineer who developed “green spaces” in Civil engineer who developed “green spaces” in

urban areas. urban areas.

His work included the design of parks in Detroit and His work included the design of parks in Detroit and

Washington D.C.Washington D.C.

Central Park in New York City was his most famous Central Park in New York City was his most famous

work.work.


Frederick Law OlmstedFrederick Law Olmsted


Urban Living Creates ProblemsUrban Living Creates Problems – –

Housing conditions deteriorated as the poor began Housing conditions deteriorated as the poor began

to settle in residences close to factories.to settle in residences close to factories.

Most immigrants and city poor lived in Most immigrants and city poor lived in tenementstenements

(low-cost, multi-family housing).(low-cost, multi-family housing).

Sewer problems arose with overcrowded tenements Sewer problems arose with overcrowded tenements

and new construction with indoor plumbing.and new construction with indoor plumbing.

Sanitation became an issue as trash, rats, filth, and Sanitation became an issue as trash, rats, filth, and

even dead horses caused problems.even dead horses caused problems.

Fire, crime, and ethnic conflict all arose in large Fire, crime, and ethnic conflict all arose in large

urban populations.urban populations.


Urban Living Creates ProblemsUrban Living Creates Problems


3.3. What challenges did city-dwellers face What challenges did city-dwellers face

and how did they meet them?and how did they meet them?

Challenges included . . .Challenges included . . .

Crowded, substandard tenement living.Crowded, substandard tenement living.

Filthy city streets.Filthy city streets.

Dangers from fires in crowded Dangers from fires in crowded

tenements.tenements.

Street crime and violence.Street crime and violence.


3.3.(Continued . . .) What challenges did city-(Continued . . .) What challenges did city-

dwellers face and how did they meet dwellers face and how did they meet

them?them?

Solutions included . . .Solutions included . . . City-regulated housing.City-regulated housing. Creation of city sanitation departments.Creation of city sanitation departments. Installation of new sewer systems.Installation of new sewer systems. Professional fire departments.Professional fire departments. City police departments.City police departments.


Mark TwainMark Twain – –

1919thth century writer who used satire century writer who used satire

to describe life in the United States to describe life in the United States

(real name was Samuel (real name was Samuel

Clemmons).Clemmons).

Famous works included Famous works included The The

Adventures of Tom SawyerAdventures of Tom Sawyer and and

other stories of life on the other stories of life on the

Mississippi River.Mississippi River.

Coined the phrase, “Gilded Age” Coined the phrase, “Gilded Age”

with his novel sharing the same with his novel sharing the same

name.name.


““Gilded Age”Gilded Age” – –

The term used to The term used to

describe last describe last

decades of the 19decades of the 19thth

century (1880s—century (1880s—

1890s) in which 1890s) in which

the United States the United States

was considered to was considered to

have had a rotten have had a rotten

core covered with core covered with

“golden paint.”“golden paint.”


New Lifestyles Change CultureNew Lifestyles Change Culture – –

Despite authors like Mark Twain, many in the 19Despite authors like Mark Twain, many in the 19thth

century believed the United States was entering a century believed the United States was entering a

golden age.golden age.

The increase in shopping, sports, newspaper The increase in shopping, sports, newspaper

readership, magazines, and the development of a readership, magazines, and the development of a

defining “American Culture” distinct from other nations.defining “American Culture” distinct from other nations.

Conspicuous ConsumptionConspicuous Consumption – –

The buying of the new products developed during the The buying of the new products developed during the

late 19late 19thth century by the wealthy, middle-class, and poor. century by the wealthy, middle-class, and poor.

Only the very poorest could not afford many of the new Only the very poorest could not afford many of the new

luxuries.luxuries.


Mass CultureMass Culture – –

The effects if transportation, The effects if transportation,

communication, and advertising of new communication, and advertising of new

products increased the standard of living of products increased the standard of living of

most Americans.most Americans.

The style of clothing, product consumption, The style of clothing, product consumption,

and other cultural traits by the population and other cultural traits by the population

at-large brought about the phenomenon of at-large brought about the phenomenon of

“mass culture.”“mass culture.”


NewspapersNewspapers – –

The newspaper of the The newspaper of the

Gilded Age reflected Gilded Age reflected

and help create the and help create the

mass culture of the age.mass culture of the age.

Competition for Competition for

readership led to more readership led to more

improved methods for improved methods for

selling newspapers (use selling newspapers (use

of multi-sections and of multi-sections and

advertisement).advertisement).

““Newspaper Row"Newspaper Row"New YorkNew York City, 1890City, 1890


Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer – –

Hungarian immigrant and veteran of the Hungarian immigrant and veteran of the

Civil War.Civil War.

Moved to NYC after engaging in Missouri Moved to NYC after engaging in Missouri

politics. politics.

Editor of the Editor of the New York WorldNew York World newspaper newspaper

who believed in informing people and who believed in informing people and

stirring controversy to sell newspapers.stirring controversy to sell newspapers.

He used sensational writing and filled his He used sensational writing and filled his

paper with politics, comics, sports, and paper with politics, comics, sports, and

illustrations.illustrations.


William Randolph HearstWilliam Randolph Hearst – –

Editor of the Editor of the New York New York

Journal Journal who also used a who also used a

sensationalized writing sensationalized writing

style to sell newspapers.style to sell newspapers.

Competition in NYC led Competition in NYC led

to an all out battle for to an all out battle for

readership and methods readership and methods

of selling papers.of selling papers.


EducationEducation – –

Public education in the Northeast spread to other areas Public education in the Northeast spread to other areas

around the nation (including the South).around the nation (including the South).

The increase in education led to an increase in literacy.The increase in education led to an increase in literacy.

The introduction of kindergarten and the creation of The introduction of kindergarten and the creation of

high schools increased the age of school-aged students.high schools increased the age of school-aged students.

Schools were used to Americanize immigrants and Schools were used to Americanize immigrants and

vocational classes (woodworking and science) prepared vocational classes (woodworking and science) prepared

many for work.many for work.

New classes taught in schools included civics, history, New classes taught in schools included civics, history,

English, and business to prepare graduates for the English, and business to prepare graduates for the

workforce.workforce.


7.7. What types of subjects did government high What types of subjects did government high

schools in the early 1900s emphasize and schools in the early 1900s emphasize and

why?why?

Subjects included . . .Subjects included . . .

Science and woodworking to teach skills for Science and woodworking to teach skills for

the workforce.the workforce.

History, English, and civics to Americanize History, English, and civics to Americanize

immigrants and shape them to become good immigrants and shape them to become good

citizens.citizens.


New Forms of EntertainmentNew Forms of Entertainment – –

Amusement parks located near urban centers (e.g. Amusement parks located near urban centers (e.g.

Coney Island).Coney Island).

Outdoor events and traveling shows (e.g. Buffalo Outdoor events and traveling shows (e.g. Buffalo

Bill’s Wild West Show).Bill’s Wild West Show).

Vaudeville shows were musical dramas and comedy.Vaudeville shows were musical dramas and comedy.

Spectator Sports became popular:Spectator Sports became popular:

- Professional baseball leagues- Professional baseball leagues

- University football clubs.- University football clubs.

- Boxing- Boxing


Vaudeville –Vaudeville –


4.4.What led many rural Americans to migrate to the What led many rural Americans to migrate to the

cities in the 1890s?cities in the 1890s?

Rural Americans were attracted to cities due to the Rural Americans were attracted to cities due to the following . . .following . . .

A wider range of available jobs and other A wider range of available jobs and other opportunities were available.opportunities were available.

They had more hope of improving their standard of They had more hope of improving their standard of living and moving into the middle class.living and moving into the middle class.

They wanted access to better educational They wanted access to better educational opportunities.opportunities.

They had access to cultural and social activities that They had access to cultural and social activities that city-life offered.city-life offered.


5.5. What luxuries did the cities offer for the What luxuries did the cities offer for the

rapidly expanding “middle class” of the rapidly expanding “middle class” of the

1890s?1890s?

Cities offered the middle class . . . Cities offered the middle class . . . A wider range of goods.A wider range of goods. Factory-made clothing.Factory-made clothing. Prepackaged-food.Prepackaged-food. Indoor plumbing.Indoor plumbing. Access to new forms of entertainment such Access to new forms of entertainment such

as parks and silent pictures.as parks and silent pictures.


6.6. Could the United States be considered a Could the United States be considered a

“land of opportunity” between 1870—“land of opportunity” between 1870—

1900? Explain your answer.1900? Explain your answer.

Answer this one on your own!Answer this one on your own!

notes #6-b chapter 14 immigration & urbanization (1870—1914)

Documents

new immigrants immigrants

old immigrants immigrants

immigrants origins

angel island immigrants

overviewnew immigrants

asian immigrants

european immigrants

ellis island