European New Imperialism(1870 – 1914):

Causes, the Middle East, & Africa

AP European HistoryAndrostic2012-2013

1. Define imperialism

Study Guide – Section 77, #1, Palmer pg. 630

2. How did the “new imperialism” differ from the colonialism of earlier times?

How was European rule generally imposed?

Study Guide – Section 77, #2, Palmer pg. 631

3. Discuss the motives that lay behind European expansion in

the late 19th century.

Study Guide – Section 77, #3, Palmer pg. 633-634

Four Causes of Imperialism

1. Industrial Revolution - Need for markets & resources

2. Christianity - missionaries3. Nationalism - “a place in the sun”4. “White Man’s Burden”Different than Old Imperialism?

–Old – Mostly maritime empires–New – Land empires

Study Guide – Section 77, #3, Palmer pg. 633-634

Industrialization (1750-1900)• Increased population

in Europe• Great technological

advances - military, transportation, and communications

• Continued economic expansion requires more resources and markets

Study Guide – Section 77, #3, Palmer pg. 633-634

Humanitarianism• Christian missionaries saw Africa and Asia

as fertile ground for converts• Cultural superiority - Europeans must

“save” the rest of the world• Must stop the Arab slave trade in Africa

(still in practice in North/East Africa)

Study Guide – Section 77, #3, Palmer pg. 633-634

Nationalism (1800-1914)• French Revolution and

Napoleon spread nationalism throughout Europe

• Pride in one’s country was based upon industrial production, military strength, and size of empire

Study Guide – Section 77, #3, Palmer pg. 633-634

What was the bigger motivation for imperialist expansion: economic

motivation or nationalism? Read “The Age of Empire” (Eric J.

Hobsbawn) and “Imperialism as a Nationalistic Phenomenon” (Carlton

J. H. Hayes), and form your own opinion, which we will discuss in class.

Bigger Motivation: Economic or Nationalism?

Economic Motivation Nationalism

4. How would you evaluate the attitude expressed by Rudyard

Kipling?

Study Guide – Section 77, #4, Palmer pg. 638

Middle East

Ottoman Empire - “Sick Man of Europe”

1. How did the Ottoman Empire differ from the

European states in its political organization and nature?

Study Guide – Section 79, #1, Palmer pg. 643-644

2. Why was Turkey called the “sick man of Europe”?

Study Guide – Section 79, #2, Palmer pg. 644

3. Why were the British concerned about the Russo-

Turkish War of 1877?

Study Guide – Section 79, #3, Palmer pg. 646-647

Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78

Study Guide – Section 79, #3, Palmer pg. 646-647

Berlin Conference of 1878Bismarck organized & ran the conferenceTook territory from the Ottoman Empire to placate Russia & avoid a general war

•Austria-Hungary gets Bosnia•Russia gets Crimea•Bulgaria & Romania Free

Study Guide – Section 79, #3, Palmer pg. 646-647

4. What problems persisted in the Ottoman Empire after

1878?

Study Guide – Section 79, #4, Palmer pg. 647-648

5. How did Egypt become a British protectorate?

Study Guide – Section 79, #5, Palmer pg. 648-650

The “Scramble for Africa”

1. Explain the process by which Africa was partitioned after

1870.

Study Guide – Section 80, #1, Palmer pg. 651-654

Berlin Conference of 1884-85

Set up rules on how to colonize the continentAbolished the slave tradeCongo Free State the personal property of King Leopold of Belgium

Study Guide – Section 80, #1, Palmer pg. 651-654

2. Which areas were respectively occupied and controlled by Germany,

France, and Britain respectively? Other European

powers?

Study Guide – Section 80, #2, Palmer pg. 654-658

•Scramble for Africa• Between 1875 and 1900

European control of Africa went from 10% to 90%

• Only two nations, Liberia (home to many freed American slaves) and Ethiopia remained independent

Study Guide – Section 80, #2, Palmer pg. 654-658

Africa was almost

completely colonized by the start of

World War I.

Study Guide – Section 80, #2, Palmer pg. 654-658

3. How did the partition of Africa affect relations among

the European powers?

Study Guide – Section 80, #3, Palmer pg. 654-659

Friction Between the Colonial Powers

Where the claims of the European powers collided, conflict arose Fashoda CrisisBoer Wars

•Germany supported the Boers against the British•Britain wins, and anger with Germany remains

Study Guide – Section 80, #3, Palmer pg. 654-659

SummaryEuropeans conquered much of the remaining world

•White Man’s Burden•Industrial Revolution

Ottoman Empire weakens•New states emerge - Serbia & Romania•Tensions rise in the Balkans Peninsula over territory

Scramble for Africa•Rest of Africa is conquered•King Leopold’s Ghost