notebook #3 review. 1.name and identify the charge of the two particles in the nucleus of an atom....
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Notebook #3
Review
1.Name and identify the charge of the two particles in the nucleus
of an atom. -protons-positive charge
-neutrons- neutral charge
2.Name and identify the charge of the particles circling the nucleus.
-electrons-negative charge
3.Using the periodic table, identify the number of protons, number of electrons (in a neutral non-charged atom), atomic mass and how many neutrons for
Barium and Iodine.(Next slide)
Barium=56 protons, 56 electrons, atomic mass of 137, and 81
neutrons
• Iodine=53 protons, 53 electrons, atomic mass of 127, and 74 neutrons
4. Put the electrons in the energy levels for the following Neon, Aluminum, and Boron (a neutral atom).
5.Which one of the atoms above is most stable and why?
• Neon because the outer energy level is full
6. Define the following
• Atom-
• Element-
• Compound-
•pure substance made of one type of atom
combination of 2 or more elements
smallest unit of matter
7.How do atoms combine and why?
• They combine by chemical bonding to become stable
8.Which bond shares to become stable?
• Covalent
9.Which bond takes or gives electrons?
• Ionic
10.Define Hydrogen bond.
• H-atom attaches weakly to a different compound
11.What is called when there is a slight attraction between molecules that are
close?
• Van der Waals Forces
12.For the six main elements of life, identify the acronym and what does each letter stand?
• S- Sulfur
• P-Phosphorus
• O-Oxygen
• N-Nitrogen
• C-Carbon
• H-Hydrogen
13.What element do ALL living things contain?
• Carbon
14.Identify the names from the smallest singular building block to a large molecule,
put them in order.
• monomer
• polymer
• macromolecule
15.In condensation we _________________covalent bonds and
release______ ________. watermakes
16.hydrolysis we _______covalent bonds
and add______ _____ . Break water
17.What are the 4 big macromolecules and briefly describe what their atom
combinations are.
–carbohydrates-C+H+O–Protein-C+H+O+N
–Nucleic Acid-C+H+O+N+P–Lipid-C+H+O (long chain)
18.Using pages 45-47 draw a diagram for EACH of the four
macromolecules.Carbohydrate
Nucleic AcidLipid
19.What is the main function of each of the macromolecules in living
organisms? –Carbohydrates=energy
–Proteins=regulate cells and bone and muscle formation
–Nucleic Acid=heredity information-Lipids=store energy
20.What is the monomer for EACH of the macromolecules?
Carbohydrates=monosaccharide–Protein=amino acids
–Nucleic Acid=nucleotide–Lipid=glycerol and fatty acid
21. What protein can be used to catalyze many reactions, but does
not change itself?
• enzyme
22. What affects enzyme reactions?
• Temperature
• pH
• Ionic conditions
• Amt. of substrate
23.Hydrophobic means_____ ______________, while hydrophilic
means_________ _________.
waterfears
Loves water
24.In a lipid they have 2 different ends, identify what type they are and how they
react to water. • –polar-loves water/hydrophilic
• –nonpolar-doesn’t like water/hydrophobic
25.What are the ingredients in a solution and identify their roles? -solute=substance that disolves
–solvent=liquid that it solute dissolves in
26.What is the “Universal Solvent” that is in an aqueous solution?
• water
27.A polar molecule has uneven/partial charges, what causes this and
what does it create?uneven distribution of electrons–magnetic/electrical attraction
28.What are the 2 attractive forces and what types of substances do they
affect? cohesion=similar particles
–adhesion=different substances
29.Capillarity moves water____ against gravity.
up
30.Acids form ___ions in a solution. H+
31.Bases form ________ions in a solution.
OH-
32.Draw the pH scale and label 0-14. Identify strong acids, weak acids,
neutral, weak bases, and strong bases.