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Notebook #3
Review
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1.Name and identify the charge of the two particles in the nucleus
of an atom. -protons-positive charge
-neutrons- neutral charge
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2.Name and identify the charge of the particles circling the nucleus.
-electrons-negative charge
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3.Using the periodic table, identify the number of protons, number of electrons (in a neutral non-charged atom), atomic mass and how many neutrons for
Barium and Iodine.(Next slide)
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Barium=56 protons, 56 electrons, atomic mass of 137, and 81
neutrons
• Iodine=53 protons, 53 electrons, atomic mass of 127, and 74 neutrons
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4. Put the electrons in the energy levels for the following Neon, Aluminum, and Boron (a neutral atom).
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5.Which one of the atoms above is most stable and why?
• Neon because the outer energy level is full
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6. Define the following
• Atom-
• Element-
• Compound-
•pure substance made of one type of atom
combination of 2 or more elements
smallest unit of matter
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7.How do atoms combine and why?
• They combine by chemical bonding to become stable
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8.Which bond shares to become stable?
• Covalent
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9.Which bond takes or gives electrons?
• Ionic
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10.Define Hydrogen bond.
• H-atom attaches weakly to a different compound
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11.What is called when there is a slight attraction between molecules that are
close?
• Van der Waals Forces
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12.For the six main elements of life, identify the acronym and what does each letter stand?
• S- Sulfur
• P-Phosphorus
• O-Oxygen
• N-Nitrogen
• C-Carbon
• H-Hydrogen
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13.What element do ALL living things contain?
• Carbon
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14.Identify the names from the smallest singular building block to a large molecule,
put them in order.
• monomer
• polymer
• macromolecule
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15.In condensation we _________________covalent bonds and
release______ ________. watermakes
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16.hydrolysis we _______covalent bonds
and add______ _____ . Break water
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17.What are the 4 big macromolecules and briefly describe what their atom
combinations are.
–carbohydrates-C+H+O–Protein-C+H+O+N
–Nucleic Acid-C+H+O+N+P–Lipid-C+H+O (long chain)
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18.Using pages 45-47 draw a diagram for EACH of the four
macromolecules.Carbohydrate
Nucleic AcidLipid
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19.What is the main function of each of the macromolecules in living
organisms? –Carbohydrates=energy
–Proteins=regulate cells and bone and muscle formation
–Nucleic Acid=heredity information-Lipids=store energy
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20.What is the monomer for EACH of the macromolecules?
Carbohydrates=monosaccharide–Protein=amino acids
–Nucleic Acid=nucleotide–Lipid=glycerol and fatty acid
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21. What protein can be used to catalyze many reactions, but does
not change itself?
• enzyme
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22. What affects enzyme reactions?
• Temperature
• pH
• Ionic conditions
• Amt. of substrate
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23.Hydrophobic means_____ ______________, while hydrophilic
means_________ _________.
waterfears
Loves water
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24.In a lipid they have 2 different ends, identify what type they are and how they
react to water. • –polar-loves water/hydrophilic
• –nonpolar-doesn’t like water/hydrophobic
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25.What are the ingredients in a solution and identify their roles? -solute=substance that disolves
–solvent=liquid that it solute dissolves in
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26.What is the “Universal Solvent” that is in an aqueous solution?
• water
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27.A polar molecule has uneven/partial charges, what causes this and
what does it create?uneven distribution of electrons–magnetic/electrical attraction
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28.What are the 2 attractive forces and what types of substances do they
affect? cohesion=similar particles
–adhesion=different substances
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29.Capillarity moves water____ against gravity.
up
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30.Acids form ___ions in a solution. H+
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31.Bases form ________ions in a solution.
OH-
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32.Draw the pH scale and label 0-14. Identify strong acids, weak acids,
neutral, weak bases, and strong bases.