NOR’EASTER

Wind

Katabatic WindsKatabatic winds exist in many parts of the World and are winds that flow from the high elevations of mountains, plateaus, and hills down their slopes to the valleys or planes below. There are many diffent names for katabatic winds depending where they are located - Santa Anna (funneled & dry), and Chinook (dry).

Santa Ana Winds

First Min. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0PGfcD6V1U

Chinook Winds Over Rockies

Weather and Climate

• Rain shadows

Insert Fig 5.19 b

Adiabatic heating and cooling is a temperature change within a gasdue to compression (resulting in heating) and expansion(resulting in cooling); no heat is added to, or removed fromthe gas.

Why rising air cools and Rain Shadows

1. Decreased pressure

2. For every 1k/feet air rises it cools 5.5 farenheight due to lowering gas pressures and heats the same going down (adiabatic cooling & heating)

3. Air that rises and condenses at the same time only cools 3.2F for every 1k it rises due to the “heat of condensation”

4. Air moving up western slopes can come down warmer on the other side. Creating cool moist western slopes and warm dry eastern slopes.

Adiabatic Temperature Change & Condensation

Adiabatic heating and cooling isa temperature changewithin a gasdue to compression(resulting in heating) andExpansion (resulting incooling); no heat is addedto, or removed fromthe gas.

1. A 10k foot mountain2. Air temperature at mountains base is 60 degrees3. Clouds form at 4k and extend to the mountain top4. What is the temperature of the valley floor (leeward side)5. How does humidity and temperature change from winward to leeward?

Problem 2A 14k peak with a valley temperature of 70Cloud formation begins at 7k and ends at 10k(5.5 and 3.2 = temperature changes for every thousand feet)

6. What is the temperature at 7K?7. What is the temperature at 10K?8. What is the temperature at 14K?9. What is the temperature in the leeward valley?

Is there compression of the air as in refrigeration or a decompression?

Adiabatic Problems

Micro-Climate & Turbulence

Turbulence

Micro-Burst

Micro-Burst

Beach WindsHanging at the beach

Day time Vs. Night time breezes

Sea breezes