nomenclature. chemical formula – type of notation made with numbers and chemical symbols...
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Nomenclature
Chemical Formula – type of notation made with numbers and chemical symbols– indicates the composition of a compound– indicates the number of atoms in one molecule
Molecule - Bonded collection of two or more atoms of the same element or different elements
- monatomic molecule – one atom molecules
- diatomic molecule – two atom molecules (seven) MEMORIZE
Br, I, N, Cl, H, O, F
MetalsLocation: Left side of Periodic TableProperties: Ductile – drawn into wires
Malleable – hammered into sheetsMetallic Luster – shineGood Conductors of Heat and Electricity
NonmetalsLocation: Right side of Periodic TableProperties: Brittle
Lack Luster – not shinyPoor Conductors of Heat and Electricity
Semi-metalsLocation: Along Stair-stepProperties: Have properties of metals and nonmetals also called METALLOIDS Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, At
METALS
Nonmetals
Semi-metals
Naming1. Ionic Compounds – Formed from a metal and a non-metalWhen a metallic element combines chemically with a non-metallic
element to form an ionic compound one or more electrons are transferred from each atom of the metal to one or more atoms of the nonmetal
charged atom – ionnet charge on compound = 0
Na+1 + Cl-1 NaCl Loses Gains compound electron electron NO CHARGE
Cation – positive ion – metalAnion – negative ion - nonmetal
Ions Formed ±4+1
+2
varies
+3 -3 -2 -1
0
Rules for writing formulas for Ionic Compounds
Binary compound – compound formed by two elementsTertiary compound - compound formed by more than two elements
Polyatomic ion – groups of atoms of more than one element that carries a charge– bound tightly together– don’t break apart during a chemical reaction, function as a unit
1. Write the symbols – cation first, anion second2. Determine the charge on the atoms of each element3. Select subscripts that make the lowest ratio
TOTAL POSITIVE CHARGE = TOTAL NEGATIVE CHARGE– When using subscripts with polyatomic ions, the formula for the ion is
placed in parentheses and the subscript is placed outside the parenthesis
Examples: Sodium Oxide Aluminum Sulfide Potassium Sulfate
Ammonium Phosphate
Na+1 O -2
Na2O
Al +3 S -2
Al2S3
K +1 SO4-2
K2SO4
NH4+1 PO4
-3
(NH4)3PO4
Naming Ionic CompoundsName the Cation first – Name of the metalthe anion is the name of the nonmetal altered by adding the suffix -ide to the root word
chlorine chloridefluorine fluoridesulfur sulfideoxygen oxidephosphorus phosphideetc…
Polyatomic name is not alteredSome metals can form more than one kind of ion (Type II)Fe, Cu, Co, Sn, Pb, Hg … Stock System – name the metal followed by a roman numeral in parenthesis. The
Roman numeral tells the charge. Exception: Mercury (I) = Hg2
+2
Examples:
NaCl KNO3
MgBr2 CuO
Li2SO4 Cu2O
K3N SnS2
= sodium chloride
= magnesium bromide
= lithium sulfate
= potassium nitride
= potassium nitrate
= copper (II) oxide
= copper (I) oxide
= tin (IV) sulfide
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, …
Molecular Compounds2. Molecular Compounds (molecules) – compounds made from two nonmetals
- electrons are shared by two atoms
Naming MolecularPrefixes: (MEMORIZE)Mono-1 tetra-4 hepta-7 deca-10di-2 penta-5 octa-8tri-3 hexa-6 non-9prefixes are used with both the first named and second named element. Exception:
mono- is not used on the first wordsecond word ends in –ideIf a two syllable prefix ends in a vowel, the vowel is dropped before the prefix is attached
to a word beginning with a vowel monooxide
N2O dihydrogen monoxide
Si8O5 tetrasulfur hexachloride
NH3 carbon monoxide
P3I10 carbon dioxide
= Dinitrogen monoxide
= Octasilicon pentoxide
= Nitrogen trihydride
= Triphosphorus deciodide
= H2O
= S4Cl6
= CO
= CO2
Writing molecular formulasTranslate prefixes
Examples:
Naming AcidsAcid - has one or more H+1 ions attached to an anion Second Word is AcidIf the anion doesn’t contain oxygen, the acid is named with the prefix hydro-
and the suffix –ic attached to the rootWhen the anion contains oxygen, the suffix –ic or -ous is added
-ate becomes –ic-ite becomes –ous
Writing formulas for acids Balance charges between H+1 and anion.Examples:
HCl hydroiodic acid
HClO3 hydronitric acid
HClO4 nitric acid
HClO2 nitrous acid
HClO sulfuric acid
= Hydrochloric acid
= Chloric acid
= Perchloric acid
= Chlorous acid
= hypochlorous acid
= HI
= H3N
= HNO3
= HNO2
= H2SO4