Nature of matterBy-Nokesh prabhakar ,vaibhav singh tomar,

Aman barma and Agesh sonwani

MATTER – Anything which occupies space and have mass are called matter

ACCORDING TO PHYSICAL PROPERTY MATTER HAS 3 STATES –

1.SOLID .

2.LIQUID .

3.GAS .

Phases of matter

Solid is one of the three classical states of matter (the others being gas and liquid). The matter which has definite mass and structure is a solid.

In solid Intermolecular force of attraction is maximum ,so distance between particle and is minimum in solid.

SOLID

Example of solid

EX-FOOTBALL

liquids

Any matter which has indefinite shape and structure but has a definite mass is liquid.

In liquid Intermolecular force of attraction ,kinetic energy ,space between particle is Intermediate.

Example of liquid

Ex-water

Gases

Gases do not have a definite shape or volume

They fill all the available space in a container

The force of attraction is maximum ,space between particle is minimum in gas

Example of gas

ACCORDING TO PHYSICAL PROPERTY MATTER IS OF 3 TYPES –

1.ELEMENT

2.COMPOUND

3.MIXTURE

Elements

Substance composed of only 1 type of atom

Over 100 knownAbout 2 dozen found in living thingsRepresented by 1 – 2 letter symbols

C = carbonHe = helium

Most Common Elements in Living Organisms

Compounds

Compound :- Made from atom of two or more element that are combined chemically

It can only only be separeted through chemical means

Ex- water made from element hydrogen and oxygen , hydrochloric acid made from element hydrogen and chlorine

Chemical BondsForces holding atoms together in

compoundsFormed by specific interactions of

electrons

Two main types of chemical bonds:1. Covalent (weak, and share electrons)

2. Ionic (strong, and transfer electrons)

Covalent BondsSharing of electrons between atomso Single bond = sharing two electrons Fluorine molecule = F2

o Double bond = sharing four electronso Triple bond = sharing six electrons

o Example = H2O

Ionic Bonds Transfer of 1 or more electrons

Atom becomes electrically chargedCharged atom = IonOpposite charges hold atoms together in a compound

Example: NaCl

An atom

Neutrons are in red

Mixure- A mixture contain two or more substance present in any ratio.Mixture are of 2 types

1.Homogeneous Mixture.

2.Heterogeneous Mixture.

HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE

The component completely mix with each other and its composition is uniform throughout then it is Homogeneous mixture

EX-solution made from salt and water.

HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE

Sometimes the composition is not uniform throughout and sometimes different component can be observed then ,this mixture is called heterogeneous mixture

EX-mixture of salt and sugar

Pressure

The force that particles of a substance (gas/liquid) will apply over a certain area

Weight1.The measure of the force of gravity on the mass of an object

2.Weight changes with gravity

3.The metric unit for weight is a Newton (N)

THE FURTHER AN OBJECT IS FROM THE CENTER OF THE EARTH, THE LESS THE OBJECT WILL WEIGH

Gravity

What is mass?

1.Mass is the amount of matter in an object

2.Mass is constant

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