noise figure measurments - ufscn f m e a s u r e m e n t s noise source frequency (ghz) typical enr...
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![Page 2: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
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Summary
Noise Factor Review
Y Factor Method
Measurements Results
![Page 3: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
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Noise Factor review
![Page 4: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
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Noise Factor review
![Page 5: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
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Noise Fig. measurements
![Page 6: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
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Noise Source Frequency (GHz)
Typical ENR (dB)
346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15
NC346D 0.01-18 19-25
NC346V 0.1-55 7-21
NC Test System 60-75 17
Noise source
![Page 7: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
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Freq [GHz]
EN
R [dB
]
ENR example
Agilent
Amator
![Page 8: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
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Y-Factor Method
![Page 9: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
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Noise Figure Measurements
They produce noise!
![Page 10: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Connectorized LNA Tests
![Page 11: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
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Connectorized LNA Tests
Measured S parameters of this LNA
![Page 12: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
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Connectorized LNA Tests
![Page 13: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
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Connectorized LNA Tests
![Page 14: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
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On Chip Tests – Probe & Calibration
Open Short
Load Through
![Page 15: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
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On Chip LNA Test (CMOS 0.35)
![Page 16: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
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On Chip LNA tests
![Page 17: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
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On Chip LNA tests
![Page 18: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
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Two port NF parameter equation
![Page 19: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
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Transistor's DC behavior
GaAs transistor
![Page 20: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
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Transistor S params
![Page 21: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
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Available Gain calc
![Page 22: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
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Source impedance
Consider the effect of:probe+bias T+cable+tuner+circulator
@2.42 GHz
![Page 23: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
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Transistor NF measurement
1-Calibration Part
2-Total F measurement
![Page 24: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
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Must Find for DUT NF measurement
*S parameters of the system before the DUT. (Can be found by making the Γs measurements and solving the system for open, short and through)
*Find the “probe+bias T” after the DUT S parameters. (Can be found supposing that the 2 probes are equal.Then, the S params of this system are aquired. Convert them to T parameters and take the matrix sqrt.Convert the result to the estimated S parameters of the Probe)
*Don't forget to consider all cables.
![Page 25: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
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NF Values @ 2.42 GHz
![Page 26: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
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Source Impedance Values @ 2.42 GHz
![Page 27: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
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F parameters
Parameter Value Obtained @2.42 GHz
Comparison @2 GHz [Gasmi]
NFmin (dB) 0.44 0.4
Rn/50 1.57 1.57
Module (Γopt) 0.99 0.93
Ang (Γopt) 3.43 8.35
![Page 28: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
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Measurements tips
» The enviroment plays a big role on the NF measurements
» Choose the right ENR for each DUT» Use average of the power signal to minimize
display jitter» Account for the losses
![Page 29: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
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Conclusions
» Now we are able to make NF measurements on connectorized or on chip circuits.
» This will help also in circuit design.
![Page 30: Noise figure measurments - UFSCN F m e a s u r e m e n t s Noise Source Frequency (GHz) Typical ENR (dB) 346A / 346B 0.01-18 5 / 15 NC346D 0.01-18 19-25 NC346V 0.1-55 7-21 NC Test](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e0dabcc648249aa10d773/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
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References
[1] Noise Figure Measurement Accuracy – The Y-Factor Method Application Note 57-2. http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5952-3706E.pdf
[2] Fundamentals of RF and Microwave Noise Figure Measurements. http://www.home.agilent.com/agilent/redirector.jspx?ckey=1000001634:epsg:apn&action=ref&lc=eng&cc=US&cname=AGILENT_EDITORIAL
[3] Maximizing Accuracy in Noise Figure Measurements. http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5091-4801E.pdf
[4] J. Rogers and C. Plett. Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design (Microwave Library). Artech House, 2003.
[5] A. Gasmi. Conception et réalisation de circulators actifs microondes en technologie monolithique MMIC: Calcul des paramètres de bruit des transistors pour l'optimisation des performances en bruit des circulateurs. Thèse, ENST 1997.