nobel laureates in physics (1901-1975)
DESCRIPTION
Nobel Laureates in Physics (1901-1975). Wilhelm Röntgen. 1901 for discovery of the Röntgen rays, commonly known as X-rays Germany. Hendrik Antoon Lorentz. 1902 for research into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena Netherlands. Pieter Zeeman. 1902 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Nobel Laureates in
Physics(1901-1975)
www.flashcardsinppt.com
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Wilhelm Röntgen
1901 for discovery of the
Röntgen rays, commonly known as X-
rays
Germany
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Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
1902for research into the
influence of magnetism upon radiation
phenomena
Netherlands
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Pieter Zeeman
1902for research into the
influence of magnetism upon radiation
phenomena
Netherlands
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Antoine Henri Becquerel
1903for discovery of spontaneous radioactivity
France
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Pierre Curie 1903
for research on the radiation phenomena discovered by Henri
Becquerel
France
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Marie Curie
1903for research on the
radiation phenomena discovered by Henri
Becquerel
France
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Lord Rayleigh1904
for investigations of the densities of the
most important gases and discovery of
argon
England
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Philipp Lenard
1905for his work on cathode rays
Germany
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J. J. Thomson
1906for theoretical and
experimental investigations on the
conduction of electricity by gases
Great Britain
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Albert Abraham Michelson 1907
for his optical precision instruments and the
spectroscopic and metrological
investigations carried out with their aid
U.S.A.
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Gabriel Lippmann1908
for his method of reproducing colours
photographically based on the phenomenon of
interference
France
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Guglielmo Marconi
1909
for development of wireless telegraphy
Italy
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Karl Ferdinand Braun
1909
for development of wireless telegraphy
Germany
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Johannes van der Waals
1910for his work on the
equation of state for gases and liquids
Netherlands
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Wilhelm Wien1911
for his discoveries regarding the laws
governing the radiation of heat
Germany
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Gustaf Dalén1912
for his invention of automatic regulators for use
in conjunction with gas accumulators for
illuminating lighthouses and buoys
Sweden
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Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
1913for his investigations on
the properties of matter at low temperatures which led to the production of
liquid helium
Netherlands
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Max von Laue1914
for discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by
crystals
Germany
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Sir William Henry Bragg
1915
for services in the analysis of crystal
structure by means of X-rays
England
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Sir William Lawrence Bragg
1915
for services in the analysis of crystal
structure by means of X-rays
England
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Charles Barkla1917
for his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen
radiation of the elements
United Kingdom
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Max Planck1918
in recognition of the services he rendered to
the advancement of Physics by his discovery of
energy quanta
Germany
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Johannes Stark1919
for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral
lines in electric fields
Germany
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Charles Édouard Guillaume
1920in recognition of his
discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys
Switzerland
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Albert Einstein
1921for his services to
theoretical physics and discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect
Germany
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Niels Bohr1922
for his investigation of the structure of atoms
and of the radiation emanating from them
Denmark
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Robert A. Millikan1923
for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect
U.S.A.
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Manne Siegbahn1924
for his discoveries and research in the field of
X-ray spectroscopySweden
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James Franck1925
for the discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron
upon an atomGermany
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Gustav Ludwig Hertz
1925for the discovery of the
laws governing the impact of an electron
upon an atom
Germany
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Jean Baptiste Perrin1926
for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for
his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium
France
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Arthur Compton
1927discovery of Compton effect—the scattered
quanta have less energy than the quanta of the
original ray
U.S.A.
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Charles Wilson1927
for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by
condensation of vapour
Scotland
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Owen Richardson1928
for his work on the thermionic
phenomenon and discovery of the law
named after him
United Kingdom
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Louis de Broglie1929
for his discovery of the wave nature of
electronsFrance
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Sir C. V. Raman1930
for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect
named after him
India
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Werner Heisenberg1932
for the creation of quantum mechanics, which has led to the
discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen
Germany
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Erwin Schrödinger1933
discovery of new productive forms of
atomic theory
Austria
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Paul Dirac
1933discovery of new
productive forms of atomic theory
United Kingdom
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Sir James Chadwick
1935for the discovery of
the neutronUnited Kingdom
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Victor Francis Hess
1936for his discovery of cosmic radiation
Austria/U.S.A.
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Carl David Anderson
1936for the discovery of positron and muon
U.S.A.
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Clinton Davisson1937
for discovery of the diffraction of
electrons by crystalsU.S.A.
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Sir George Thomson
1937for discovery of the
diffraction of electrons by crystals
England
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Enrico Fermi1938
for his demonstrations of new radioactive elements
produced by neutron irradiation, and for his
discovery of nuclear reactions brought about
by slow neutrons
Italy
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Ernest Lawrence
1939for the invention and development of the
cyclotron, especially with regard to artificial
radioactive elements
U.S.A.
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Otto Stern1943
for the development of the molecular ray
method and discovery of the magnetic moment of
the proton
Germany
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Isidor Isaac Rabi1944
for creating resonance method for recording
the magnetic properties of atomic
nucleiU.S.A.
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Wolfgang Pauli1945
for discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli
PrincipleAustria
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Percy Williams Bridgman1946
for the invention of an apparatus to produce
extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries in the field of high pressure
physics
U.S.A.
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Sir Edward Appleton
1947for his investigations of the upper atmosphere
especially for the discovery of the Appleton
layer
England
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Patrick Blackett1948
for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber
method, and his discoveries in the fields of nuclear
physics and cosmic radiation
United Kingdom
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Hideki Yukawa1949
for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces
Japan
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Cecil Frank Powell
1950for his development of
the photographic method of studying
nuclear processes and his discoveries
regarding mesons made with this method
United Kingdom
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Sir John Cockcroft1951
for the work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by
artificially accelerated atomic particles
United Kingdom
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Ernest Walton1951
for the work on the transmutation of atomic
nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic
particles
Ireland
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Felix Bloch 1952for the development of new methods for nuclear magnetic
precision measurements
Switzerland
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Edward Purcell
1952for the development of
new methods for nuclear magnetic
precision measurements
U.S.A.
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Frits Zernike1953
for his demonstration of the phase contrast
method, and invention of the phase contrast
microscope
Netherlands
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Max Born1954
for his research in quantum mechanics,
especially for his statistical interpretation
of the wave function
Germany/U.K.
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Walther Bothe1954
for his discoveries in the framework of the
coincidence method
Germany
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Willis Lamb
1955for his discoveries
concerning the fine structure of the
hydrogen spectrum
U.S.A.
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Polykarp Kusch
1955for his precision
determination of the magnetic moment of the
electron
Germany/U.S.A.
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John Bardeen
1956for the researches on
semiconductors and the discovery of the transistor
effect
U.S.A.
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Walter Houser Brattain
1956for the researches on semiconductors and the discovery of the
transistor effect
U.S.A.
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William Shockley1956
for the researches on semiconductors and the
discovery of the transistor effect
U.S.A.
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Chen-Ning Yang
1957for the investigation of the parity laws,
leading to important discoveries
regarding the elementary particles
China/U.S.A.
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Tsung-Dao Lee1957
for the investigation of the parity laws, leading to important discoveries
regarding the elementary particles
China/U.S.A.
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Pavel Cherenkov
1958for the discovery and the
interpretation of the Cherenkov effect
Russia
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Ilya Frank
1958for the discovery and
the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect
Russia
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Igor Tamm1958
for the discovery and the
interpretation of the Cherenkov effect
Russia
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Emilio G. Segrè
1959for the discovery of the
antiproton
Italy
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Owen Chamberlain
1959for the discovery of
the antiprotonU.S.A.
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Donald A. Glaser
1960for the invention of the bubble chamber
U.S.A.
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Robert Hofstadter
1961for the discovery of
electron scattering in atomic nuclei and
structure of nucleons
U.S.A.
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Rudolf Mössbauer1961
for his researches concerning the resonance
absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery
of the Mössbauer effect
Germany
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Lev Landau1962
for his pioneering theories for
condensed matter, especially liquid
heliumRussia
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Eugene Wigner
1963for his contributions to
the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles,
through the application of fundamental
symmetry principlesHungary/U.S.A.
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Maria Goeppert-Mayer
1963for the discoveries concerning nuclear
shell structure
Germany/U.S.A.
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J. Hans D. Jensen1963
for the discoveries concerning nuclear
shell structure
Germany
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Charles Hard Townes1964
for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics,
which has led to the construction of oscillators
and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle
U.S.A.
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Nikolay Basov
1964for fundamental work in
the field of quantum electronics, which has
led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser
principleRussia
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Alexander Prokhorov
1964for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction
of oscillators and amplifiers based on the
maser-laser principleRussia
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Sin-Itiro Tomonaga1965
for the fundamental work in quantum
electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing
consequences for the physics of elementary
particles
Japan
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Julian Schwinger1965
for the fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics,
with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary
particles
U.S.A.
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Richard Feynman1965
for the fundamental work in quantum
electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing
consequences for the physics of elementary
particles
U.S.A.
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Alfred Kastler1966
for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying
Hertzian resonances in atoms
France
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Hans Bethe 1967for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially
his discoveries concerning energy production in stars
Germany/U.S.A.
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Luis Walter Alvarez 1968
for his contributions to elementary particle physics, in
particular the discovery of a large number of resonance
states, made possible through his development of the
technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data
analysis
U.S.A.
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Murray Gell-Mann1969
for his contributions and discoveries concerning
the classification of elementary particles and their interactions
U.S.A.
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Hannes Alfvén
1970for fundamental work and
discoveries in magnetohydro- dynamics
with applications in different parts of plasma physics
Sweden
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Louis Néel 1970for fundamental work and
discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and
ferrimagnetism which have led to important
applications in solid state physics
France
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Dennis Gabor
1971for his invention and development of the holographic method
Hungary/U.K.
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John Bardeen1972
for the jointly developed theory of
superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory
U.S.A.
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Leon Cooper1972
for the jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the
BCS-theoryU.S.A.
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John Robert Schrieffer
1972for the jointly developed
theory of superconductivity, usually
called the BCS-theory
U.S.A.
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Leo Esaki
1973for the experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and
superconductors
Japan
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Ivar Giaever1973
for the experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and
superconductors
Norway/U.S.A.
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Brian Josephson 1973for his theoretical predictions of the
properties of a supercurrent through a
tunnel barrier, in particular the Josephson
effects
United Kingdom
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Martin Ryle1974
for the pioneering research in radio astrophysics and his
observations and inventions, in particular of
the aperture synthesis technique
U.K.
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Antony Hewish1974
for the pioneering research in radio
astrophysics and for his decisive role in the
discovery of pulsars
U.K.
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Aage Niels Bohr 1975
for the discovery of the connection between
collective motion and particle motion in atomic
nuclei and the development of the theory of the
structure of the atomic nucleus
Denmark
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Ben Roy Mottelson
1975for the discovery of the
connection between collective motion and
particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development
of the theory of the structure of the atomic
nucleus
Denmark/U.S.A.
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James Rainwater
1975for the discovery of the
connection between collective motion and
particle motion in atomic nuclei and the
development of the theory of the structure of the
atomic nucleus
U.S.A.