no waste water
TRANSCRIPT
NO WASTE WATER
Terence Westgate2016
Animal life is metabolic energy
All energy emanates from the sun in the form of photons
Animals cannot use photon energy directly
Green plants transform photon energy into carbohydrates
Animals burn carbohydrates to produce their energy
PHOTOSYNTHESIS & RESPIRATION
Plants need soil and non-saline or ‘fresh’ water
In a growing proportion of the Earth demand for fresh water is outstripping supply
Most fresh water is wasted
Delivery of water depends on weather.
Sea water evaporates leaving salt behind
Clouds of fresh water particles are formed
Water falls from clouds as rain
Rain that falls into the sea becomes saline
Rain that falls on land tends to find its own level & return to the sea
Water is extracted from rivers
Filtered
Chlorinated
Piped into buildings
Used once
Sent to a sewage plant1890’s processing
Bio-reaction
Sedimentation
Decanting
Discharged to rivers
THE WATER CYCLE
THE WATER CYCLE
Rivers return water to sea
Fresh water becomes salt water again
The sea-to-rain-to-sea cycle starts again
In a growing proportion of the Earth demand for fresh water for crop production is outstripping supply
IRRIGATION
Country Irrigated area (1,000 square kilometers)
Irrigated land as percentage of cropland
Water used in irrigation (cubic kilometers)
Percentage of all water extractions used for Irrigation
World 2,296 19 2,226 69
China 513 52 400 87
India 490 29 363 93
USA 209 11 196 42
Pakistan 163 80 151 97
Mexico 62 25 67 86
Egypt 33 100 47 86
LEADING IRRIGATION COUNTRIES
The Bellagio Framework
“Reuse and decentralization will be essential for meeting human needs for water and sanitation in both developing and developed countries.
Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) will be an essential part of advancing such water sustainability, because they encourage water reuse and open up opportunities for decentralised treatment.”
Conclusions of a Rockefeller Foundation-sponsored Team Residency held at the Bellagio (Italy) Study and Conference Center on April 23-26, 2003.
WATER RE-USE
Re-using water
Membrane bioreactor raw sewage tank containing 9,600 flat panels at Westbury, Wiltshire, UK. Coarse bubble aeration
Crystal clear water extracted from above tank under 1 bar gravity suction
Efficient
Proven
Economical
Available
Modular
Reference sites
MEMBRANE BIO-REACTORS
MBR CHARACTERISTICSLocal systems –no large scale sewer pipes
Scaleable –from single dwelling to a town
Stainless steel –long life
Replaceable components –continuous systems
Small footprint –10% of traditional plants
Low power consumption –energy efficient
Re-usable output –no wasted water
MEMBRANE BIO-REACTORS CAN REDUCE FRESH WATER CONSUMPRION BY UP TO 80%
WASTEFUL IRRIGATION
Up to 90% will be lost to evaporation
EFFICIENT IRRIGATION
EFFICIENT IRRIGATION
EFFICIENT IRRIGATION
DRIP FEED IRRIGATION CAN REDUCE FRESH WATER CONSUMPTION BY UP TO 80%
From $500 per hectare
EFFICIENT IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT
STRATEGY FOR CHANGE –WATER1.Central and local governments to create awareness and encourage adoption of local MBR recycling plants
2.Retro-fit MBR technology to existing wastewater treatment plants
3. Central and local governments to encourage development of waterless compost toilets
4.Central and local governments to raise awareness of water recycling potential in rural areas
5. Central and local governments to encourage Installation of efficient irrigation systems
THE END