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ADES 40:151INTRODUCTION TO DISASTER STUDIES
APPLICATION OF GEOMATICS TECHNOLOGIES FOR EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT & RESPONSE
WHAT IS A GEOMATICS?
• The science and technology of gathering, analyzing, interpreting, distributing and using geographic information
• Includes the following technologies:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
WHAT IS A GEOMATICS?
• Surveying
• measurement of:
•
•
•
•
• for determining absolute or relative location
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WHAT IS A GEOMATICS?
• Mapping
• Graphic model
• _________ representation of real world
• Depicts _______ of features and _______of features
• in accordance with cartographic theory and practice
WHAT IS A GEOMATICS?
• Remote Sensing
• science and technology of obtaining information about an object or phenomenon
• through the analysis of data collected by instruments or sensors
• ______________ with the feature in question
SIMPLE REMOTE SENSING SYSTEM
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COMPLETE RS SYSTEM
PHOTOGRAMMETRY
The extraction of ____________ information
from aerial photography
Typically applied to vertical photos
Includes measures of:
SATELLITE IMAGERYVS. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
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SPECTRAL SIGNATURES
DIGITAL IMAGE CLASSIFICATION
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DIGITAL IMAGE CLASSIFICATION
WHAT IS A GIS?
• GIS
•A method of combining __________ and _____________ in a computer for __________ and ___________ geographic data
Species: OakHeight: 15mAge: 75 Yrs
51°N, 112°W
GEOSPATIAL DATA
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WHAT IS A GEOMATICS?
• GPS
• a satellite-based positioning/navigation system consisting of:
•
•
•
• determines absolute location through the principles of __________________________
SATELLITE RANGING
INTEGRATED GEOMATICS IS (IGIS)
• Applications that involve some degree of integration b/w geomatics technologies
• Perceived advantages:
• seemless data transfer
• real-time data acquisition/analysis
• development of expert/decision support systems
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MODELS OF INTEGRATION
• Gao (2002, PERS) identified 4 levels of integration
• Focused on RS, GPS and GIS
• Linear – unidirectional flow
• Interactive – bidirectional flow
• Hierarchical – tiers that are unidirectional
• Complex – bidirectional between all components
DISASTER AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
• Geomatics are location-based technologies
• Absolute and relative location of everything related to a disaster is v. imp.
• the hazard(s)
• the event
• resources
• people affected
• people responding
• etc.
WHAT DOES THE LITERATURE INDICATE?
• How are or could geomatics being used?
• Annotated bibliography by Westlund, 2007
• Conclusions:
• applied to all phases of disaster management
• improved management of multiple activities
• enhanced communication b/w participants
• facilitated flow of information for decision making
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MODELS OF INTEGRATION
MODELS OF INTEGRATION
MODELS OF INTEGRATION
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MODELS OF INTEGRATION
MODELS OF INTEGRATION
SO HOW ARE PRACTITIONERS ACTUALLY USING GEOMATICS AND HOW IMPORTANT DO
EDUCATORS THINK IT IS?
• Web-based survey of:
• 135 (>3000) practitioners
• 35 (137) educators
• 0 (21) software developers
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WHO RESPONDED
WHO RESPONDED
EDUCATORS
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PRACTITIONERS
GEOMATICS KNOWLEDGE
APPLYING GEOMATICS
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GIS ACTIVITIES
GPS ACTIVITIES
RS ACTIVITIES
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ATTITUDES TOWARD TECHNOLOGY
SHOULD YOU LEARN ABOUT GEOMATICS?
PROGRAMS OFFERING GEOMATICS
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IMPLICATIONS OF INCREASED USE
HINDRANCES FOR USE OF TECHNOLOGY
TOP 10 CHALLENGES
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RESULTS
• Geomatics use has and will increase
• Level 1 integrations are most common and used primarily for preparedness (mapping)
• Cost and expertise are the predominant obstacles to implementation
• There appears to be a disconnect between educators and practitioners
CONCLUSIONS
• Geomatics has the potential to:
• enhance communication
• improve situational awareness
• increase management capacity
• But technology comes with:
• a high cost
• over-dependence
• elimination of human element