no. 30,p.1+2+ - js-soilphysics.com · spatial variability analysis of soil properties in a hilly...

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腈腉腐腂腀腁腄腍腊腏腋腃腇腆腑腎腃腅腌 * Spatial Variability Analysis of Soil Properties in a Hilly Upland Field Junichi KASHIWAGI* Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 3 Nishi 3, Kita-ku, Sapporo, *0*2/23, Japan Abstract Spatial variability of soil properties was studied by using correlation analysis with landscape and geostatistical concepts on a +.,-ha upland field in a hilly area. Soil properties of Ap horizon were examined on a square grid at +.-m intervals and on three transects at 1-m intervals. The CV values suggested that the variabilities of most soil properties were higher than the results reported at any topographical conditions. These large variables depend on the result of soil erosion and sedimentation in response to the landscape. At the eroded area, the thickness of Ap horizon had been kept constant with subsoil by tillage, as a result Ap horizon was composed of di#erent soil materials from sedimentation and erosion e#ects. The spatial variability of pH, total carbon content, phosphate absorption coe$cient, bulk density, stone, sand, silt and clay content could be explained with topographical features ; however, available water content was di$cult to explain. Moreover, former properties were distinguished at landscape model units, these contribute to the rational soil sampling system to realize regional soil management. The multiple regression models of total carbon and stone content, using only topographic attributes calculated from a digital elevation model (DEM), matched reasonably well with the observed data. Key words : soil properties of Ap horizon, spatial variability, terrain analysis, geostatistics, spatial distribution +腇腅腈腆 膤膼臠腞腉腎腩膳腟臑膅臌膠腥膿腠膣膘臣腝臐腋臜腌腇Miller et al. +322臅臸腟膿腠膼膥臛腛腅腜腒腗膢膎腐腜腞膱腋腆腨膳臧臗腟臱臧膚腟臙膋腞腦腩腤腟腛腆腩腜臖腒腚腇腩腢腗 Timlin et al. +332膤膼臹腞腉腎腩腱腂膀腟臒膅腠膜臇臋 膨腞膉腓腚臰膸自腋臜腌腍腖腟膣膘腅腃腠膳臧臗腟 臵臎臐腥臗膭腞腦腨膧臢腑腪腩腏腜腬膰腒腚腇 腏腟腦腈腞臒膵臐腟腹腼腶腯腠臠臤膘腟臧臉臮臐 腟膱膃腞膝膇腔腩腤腟腛腆腨膎膆臣腝膲臶臧臉膗腛腠臒膵臐腟腹腼腶腯腬膐腔腩腏腜腠膊臲腛腆腩至臠腜腒腚腟膛臲腬膬腞膖腔腩腗腣腞腠膡臄臣腝 臧臉膑腥臓臨腟膗膞臂腟臫臯腋腁腔腜腝腩腖腟腗腣腞腠臧臉腟膣膘腅腃腬致膁腒腝腎腪腡腝腧 臣腊腙臓臦腟膯腇膽腬膔腔腩腏腜腋臁膍臝腜腝腘腚腇腩膮腇膄腬臚臇腜腒腚臣腝臧臉臊腬膿臀腔腩腉腊 腜腒腚腽腻腂腸腴膀腳膀腰膞臂腟腕腓腋腆腩腋臲腟臤腥臚臇腜腔腩臧臉臮臐腟腛臏膪腬膾腎腩腢腗 臞膷膘腞臙腟臧臉臮臐腷腂腵腬臭腩腗腣腞腽腭腾腵 腮腺臧臉腴膀腳膀腰腞膙腔腩膩膟膓臺腤臍腣腧腪腚腉 Imade et al. ,**+腠臎臥臧臉腞腉腇腚臧臉臎腟臘臢腞膫臻膻腴膀腲腋膬腛腆腩腏腜腬 膹腒腚腇腩腏腪腧腟膞臂腋膮臼膂腟臧臉臮臐腞腫腗腘 腚膉腋膊臲腜腝腪腡臧臉腟膣膘腅腃腬臟腩臈腛腒腛 * 膒臬臜膕臜膕膈至膕膩膟膌 *0*2/23 3 臋臔 3 腉腁腋腁腊 : 膳臧腟臮臐膣膘臠膥膏臕臠膺臩膦膕膣膘腅腃 J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys. 臧臉腟腄腖No. 30, p. 1+2+ ,**.

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Page 1: No. 30,p.1+2+ - js-soilphysics.com · Spatial Variability Analysis of Soil Properties in a Hilly Upland Field Junichi KASHIWAGI* Graduate School of Agriculture,Hokkaido University,

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Spatial Variability Analysis of Soil Properties in a Hilly Upland Field

Junichi KASHIWAGI*

Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University,

Kita 3 Nishi 3, Kita-ku, Sapporo, *0*�2/23, Japan

Abstract

Spatial variability of soil properties was studied by using correlation analysis with landscape

and geostatistical concepts on a +.,-ha upland field in a hilly area. Soil properties of Ap horizon

were examined on a square grid at +.-m intervals and on three transects at 1-m intervals. The CV

values suggested that the variabilities of most soil properties were higher than the results

reported at any topographical conditions. These large variables depend on the result of soil

erosion and sedimentation in response to the landscape. At the eroded area, the thickness of Ap

horizon had been kept constant with subsoil by tillage, as a result Ap horizon was composed of

di#erent soil materials from sedimentation and erosion e#ects. The spatial variability of pH,

total carbon content, phosphate absorption coe$cient, bulk density, stone, sand, silt and clay

content could be explained with topographical features ; however, available water content was

di$cult to explain. Moreover, former properties were distinguished at landscape model units,

these contribute to the rational soil sampling system to realize regional soil management. The

multiple regression models of total carbon and stone content, using only topographic attributes

calculated from a digital elevation model (DEM), matched reasonably well with the observed data.

Key words : soil properties of Ap horizon, spatial variability, terrain analysis, geostatistics, spatial

distribution

+� � � � �

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et al. �+332 �! ��;��<=>�?��@ABC�DE9FG�����H! I������01�J�KJ��1L�6/MNOPQ,R�S'9�� Q�6T�?U��VWXY�! �Z��0[\��-]�^_`7�&./! *���ab! 0[c�&�?U��VWXYRd `Q,��ef&.�g�,'9�hfR�i�j�`(k��! lm��

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,'9! ��=��>�>�qr����.�! ��f�Z��A,`0[\���&��R�� :(����4��0[\��=�R�(k�! ������0[�>�>���`�� ¡7¢kxP9�/! Imade et al. �,**+ �J£0[���90[J�,�h�3��¤N��¥¦§�>¨��i&.Q,R©'9�� QPx�qr��ª«�0[\��¬(�9D��ef,�Pw! 0[����R­®&��

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J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.

0[����No. 30, p. 1+2+ �,**.�

Page 2: No. 30,p.1+2+ - js-soilphysics.com · Spatial Variability Analysis of Soil Properties in a Hilly Upland Field Junichi KASHIWAGI* Graduate School of Agriculture,Hokkaido University,

��������������� �������������������� ������� ������������������� ����������� ���� ����� Kriging��� �!"����������#���� $Regionalized Variable% ���&'� (!�"���� )�*+��#,���$%�-��� $Geostatistics% ��� Burgess and Webster$+32* a, b%� Webster and Burgess $+32*% �.&�/01�!�23� Kriging��'������ (4������&'��)*�+5�,6�����7-��8� � ���� ����"����%�-������9� ���./:; � 8����&'� *0��<1=> �?���"� )��@A2���B34� B����C�&'(!�"����D!E��� ����1��� ��"F56GD���������9� )����H/"�H2�7$; I'�8�*0�� ����JK�!� 9:���HI'���� ;<2�LM�L **:NMOPQRST ***�U=>8���?@�5AV�W�; $Van Oostet al., ,***% ��� ':�������"� �H�BC�DE:FG�HE<1�XYZ��I:J�; [\�]^���:� K_�L`:Ma�ba� 8�a�cd�e���NOfg�h�P[\�]^����Qi�!� �!��I'�_j���H/k!�Rl�����$���m �"� 5AQ�nS:�H�HT�JU������ )!���V�"���Y�o�p��W�*qk!� � $Woods and Schu-man, +322, King et al., +333, Pennock and Corre, ,**+,

rs� +32-% k�Moore et al. $+33+% "� DEM$Digital Elevation Model% �' ��HHT��P�Xt����m �uY��G9� Z[v: pHm �w\:x]^��H�VP�' �_�?���`y�� $Moore et al., +33-% �� Park et al. $,**+%"� F5�GD���7$; �JU�� x]�azAE�����H��� $Terrain Characterization

Index : TCI% �`y����[v��GD����m �b{� � ��R�H���V��P|������ F5�GD����&'���Xt� �?��m �uY�����7-�� ������}1:34~c^�d�29� ef����|:7$; *0���HI'�g����:;h�"����JK�!� ���8�� �1���34�cdd�

�"���Q�� �����&'����T��H�|�*&>D�"�������;h��� ijk29�bIP�l���mn�}1d��� �H�|o��'p��q�������6�G �� �����&'��*��*q"�� k�� �H��P|��)�&'���Xt��r�"�!����!� � ��<s���)��� t�'��9UIk!�Y��H�|o�F56��1���� I�[GD�c|-��&'� ���T�"�����@u���8� `v��8�"� ��HHT:5AQ��nS*&��hw�' ����� &'� ��T�"������� )�� �H/*���HI'm �J��� )�����&'� �JU��#�����~c:�����x��� A��������������@���u��:����`v��m �� �H)*����*��uy��

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,�, �����H`vm �"� Zevenbergen and Thorne

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Page 3: No. 30,p.1+2+ - js-soilphysics.com · Spatial Variability Analysis of Soil Properties in a Hilly Upland Field Junichi KASHIWAGI* Graduate School of Agriculture,Hokkaido University,

����� ������� ������Dalrymple et al. �+302� ���������������� �!" #$�%� &'() �()�� &'()�*+�,�()��-� �PROFC�� ./+0�,�()��-� �PLANC�� 121345 �LAPLACIAN�� �6�Specific Catchment Areas� �" #$�� 1 m-DEM

��78� �9� ,**-�!:������;<=>%9 �,**-� ;�=� �? �INTERFLUVE ; Inf�� @ A B C D 2 � ��CONVEX CREEP SLOPE ; Ccs�� EF�G���TRANSPORTATIONAL MIDSLOPE ; Tms�� �HIJ�� �COLLUVIAL FOOTSLOPE ; Cfs�� KHIJ�� �ALLUVIAL TOESLOPE ; Ats� ;����!

,�- �������������#I��LMN" #$����M;<=>� OPQPRS��DTU��� �!�VW�L�X� �Y�Z� �[� ��\�W���! :�]��^��#I��>_`����ab^�c,cd;ef� �!

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��+ ·¸ ¹�º!���»�·¸"�Fig. + Surface elevation map and the soil profile investigation sites.

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Page 4: No. 30,p.1+2+ - js-soilphysics.com · Spatial Variability Analysis of Soil Properties in a Hilly Upland Field Junichi KASHIWAGI* Graduate School of Agriculture,Hokkaido University,

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Page 5: No. 30,p.1+2+ - js-soilphysics.com · Spatial Variability Analysis of Soil Properties in a Hilly Upland Field Junichi KASHIWAGI* Graduate School of Agriculture,Hokkaido University,

��, ������ ������ ��������Fig. , Soil properties along the transect I.

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Page 6: No. 30,p.1+2+ - js-soilphysics.com · Spatial Variability Analysis of Soil Properties in a Hilly Upland Field Junichi KASHIWAGI* Graduate School of Agriculture,Hokkaido University,

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