nihon art journal july/august, 2012
DESCRIPTION
NIHON ART JOURNAL asks the world what the "way of art" is and endeavors to enlarge upon the artistic heart. Special feature: finding newcomers. Serial articles: Cezanne and steam railway, master makers of Goryeo (dynasty of Korea) tea cups.TRANSCRIPT
é é ç å氎滎
æ¥æ¬äººã¯ãçŸç£ã®çãšè®ããããç åïŒã©ã€ãª
ã³ïŒãå®èŠããããšãªããä»æäŒæ¥ãšåæã«ãè
ç£ã»çç£ã»éç£ãšããŠç åãå容ããã
å®éã®ç åã«æ¥æ¬äººãåºé¢ãã®ã¯ãæ ¶å¿äºå¹Ž
ïŒäžå «å å ïŒãåŸ ããã°ãªããªãã
ç¥ä»ãå®è·ããçç¬ãšã®å»éªäžå¯Ÿãç¡äž¹ã«é
ã¶ç åãæçŠãçŽæããç åèãªã©ãå容åŸã®
掻èºãäŸç€ºããã®ã«äºæ¬ ãããšã¯ãªãã
ãšããããç åå¥®è¿ ã®åãããªããå¿äžã®ã¿
ãªããç åã®èº«äžã«è«ããé€ã£ãã
ããŠãæ²åºã ãããããŸã§ã®äŒçµ±çãªç åãšã¯
æ§åãéããå°ãªããšãåšé¢šå ã ã«ãªãã人ãªã€
ãã飌ãç¬ã®é¢šæ ãã¿ããŠãããéŠã«èãã鬣ã
ç©ãããªãã°ã匷調ããã尻尟ãè °äžã«äžããŠã
ããè¡šæ ã«ãåªã³ãè²æ¿ãããããŠãæããèŠç·
ã¯äžç©ºãšããããäžæ¹ã«åããããŠããã
äœãã蚎ããŠãããã®ãããªç³ã®å ã«ããµãšã
ææ®è©è©ãæãããç åã®ä»èãèã«èŒã£ãŠ
欲ãããšææ®ã«èšŽããŠããããã«ãèŠããªããª
ããææ®è©è©ã¯ç åãå°åº§ã«ããŠç¥æµãé§äœ¿ã
ãŠè¡çãææžããã
äžæè°ãªå§¿ã®é é ç åã®æ°Žæ»Žãããææ®ã®ç¥
æµãç²åŸãã¹ã氎滎ã«å€èº«ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããš
ç¬ãåç¹ããããšã«ãªã£ãã
ç åã®å£å ããåãåºãããæ°Žã¯ãææ®è©è©
ããæããç¥æµã®æ°Žãªã®ã ãç å氎滎ã§ãªãã
ç¥æµã®æ°Žæ»ŽãšåŒãã§ã¿ããããäœæã«ã¯å®€çºã
æ³å®ããŠãããã確蚌ã¯ãªããïŒ
äž»çã»æ£®å·æœ€äžïŒ
ï¹è¡šçŽï¹
äžæã®è±
ãããçã«çŸåè«ã®ç«è¯
è±æâŠâŠç¢çãããã»æ¡æ¢ã»ç¬¹çŸåã»é³ŽåçŸåã»èã»å€ã¯ãã»
ãããã»æ
è±åšâŠâŠé é åºå£äžèªç«è¯ç¶ïŒé«ãäºäžããå·Ÿäžäžã»åãïŒ
ãããæ°æ¬ãçãšããŠçšããæ£çã«æ¡æ¢ãè«ã«ç¬¹çŸåã
æ§ã«é³ŽåçŸåãåãåãããŠãå šäœãèã
ã
ç©ãã®
ãã¡ã«èª¿ããç«
è¯ãåºå£ã®åšã«æ°Žããªã¿ãªã¿ãšåŒµã£ãŠæ¢ éšã®çµãããã®å£
ç¯æãããããŠããã
èç©ãçã«çšããå Žåãèç©ã®ã¿ãåãåããããèã
ã
äžãã£
è²ãã
ãã®ç«è¯ã«ãã§ããããååšæã®ããè±åšãšã®èª¿åãè
ãåãããŠãå匷ãã®åºããæšã
ç©ãã®
ã®å€ã¯ããäžæ®µãäžæ®µã«
çšããŠãããèã®çã«æšãåãåãããå¿åŸãšããŠãå€ã
è±äŒæžã«ã¯ãå€å±±ã®èèã®ãããããããããå»å¹Žã¿ãå°
æŸã²ãšããªããã°ãã®æãåŒçšãããŠããã
ãããã®çã¯ããèä»ãé¢çœããèŠç«ãŠãããã¯ããã
ãªãæã¯ãäºæ¬åãããŠäžæ¬ã«èŠããããã«çŽ°å·¥ããŠæ¿ã
ã¹ãããšããèã
ããã
ç©ã«åºããšãã¯äžæ¬ã«ãŠãå¿ã
ã
ã«ãã¹ãã
ãªã©ãšãããè±æã§ãç©ã®ãªãå€ã®ãããã¯èã®ãªã³ãã
å¹æçã«åãããŠæ±ããšèŠæ ãããããçã®ã»ããå¯ãè«
ãããããã«ãèã®ãªã³ããçãããŠçšããããã
å€ã¯ç«è¯ã«ãµããããèç©ãå€æ°ãããè±ãã€ããè±æ
ãå€æ§å€åœ©ã§ãããããšãã°ãèŠã
ã
ãè»ã
ã
ãé»ã
ã³
ãåã
ãããé»
ããããã
ãµãšããè²ã
ãŸ
ãé¶é ãå°ã²
ãããå¹²
ãè±èãå±±çŸåãéç ²çŸåã鹿ã®
åçŸåã笹çŸåãéããçŸåã姫çŸåã鳎åçŸåãæè¥ã
è±èè²ãè®ãç«èµãèãæ¡æ¢ãæ«åããããã®èã玫èã®
èãæ¬ã
å®ãŒã
ç ã
ã®èçã ãããããé©æé©æã«åãåãããè
äžè²ãæšç©ããŸãããèç©ãã¡ã®ç«è¯ã«æµãããšãããã
ãã 颚æ ãè¯ããã 趣ãåºãããããæšç©äž»äœã®ç«è¯ãšã¯
äžå³éãç«è¯ã«ãªãã
è¯ç¶ã»äžžå£ºã
ãªãŒã¯ã·ã§ã³ããŠã¹å€è£ææäŸïŒ68åã»9æéå¬åºåïŒ
ã¢ãã®å¿ã»åœ¢ã®å¿
æ¥æ¬çŸè¡éæ³
é é ç å氎滎ã10Ã4Ã7.5cmãªãŒã¯ã·ã§ã³ããŠã¹å€è£ææäŸïŒ68åã»9æéå¬åºåïŒ
3
ï¹è£è¡šçŽï¹
å «æã®è±
è¶ç¢è®ã®çœ®çã
è±æâŠâŠè¶ç¢è®ã»çžãµãšãã»èºã
èãã
è±åšâŠâŠææçœç£äžžå£ºïŒé«ãäžäžããå·Ÿäžä¹ãïŒ
ãšãŠãå°ããªè¶ç¢è®ãäžè±äžèã«çšããçžãµãšããšèºèã
åãåããã眮çããããããã®è±æã¯å£ºã®åºã«ä»èŸŒãã§ã
ãå£å±±ã«æ¿ãçããŠãã£ããããç«ã¡å§¿ã«ä»äžããŠããã
è¶ç¢è®ã¯å°åœ¢ã®åèžåçš®ã§ãµã€ãã¯è±ã®çŽåŸãäžäºã
ååŸãèäžã¯äºããååŸãé·ãèæã®é ã«ã€ãèã¯äºãã
äºäºãã«ãªããäœåã«äœ¿çšããã®ã¯æ©å²ãããããã®ã§ãµ
ã€ããµã€ãºã®ååã«ãæºããªãããäžè±äžèã壺ã®äžãã
ç«ã¡äŒžã³ãŠãããã®ããã«æ±ãããšã§æ°åã®ããè®ããã
姿ã«ãªã£ãŠãããæŽã«æ°Žã¿
ã
ç©ãã®
ã®ãµãšããèºèãæ·»ããããšã§
氎蟺ã®é¢šæ ãŸã§ãæãèµ·ããããäœåã§ããããªããæ°Žç©
ãšã¯ããã°ãªè±æãåé¡ããçšèªã®äžã€ã§ãè®ã河骚ãèŠã
ãµãšããªã©æ²Œãæ± ã«çè²ãããã®ã®ç·ç§°ãããã«å¯Ÿããéž
äžã«çè²ãããã®ãéžã
ã
ç©ãã®
ãšããã
äœåã®ããã«ãæ°å°ãªãè±æãèŠç©ã«çžãããããšãªãã
ãããæ°åã®é«ãè±åœ¢ã«ä»äžããããã°ãªã¯ãå€ãããè¶
人ã«å¥œãŸããæ±æžæ代ã®åæã«ã¯ããæãªã
å ¥ãã
è±ã¯ãª
ããšåŒã°ããŠ
ãããæåéããåšã«è±æãæãå ¥ããã®ãæ¬æ¥ãªã®ã ãã
åšã®çžã«ããããããããªããšãã¯è±çãã«ãã£ãŠæãè
ãããããã«çããããšããããããšãã°ãæ·±é¢åœ¢ã®åºå£
ã®åšã«æ°Žã匵ããè®ã河骚ãäžè±äžèããæ°èãèãæ°Žäž
ãã䌞ã³åºãããã«çããŠå ¥ãããšãæ°ŽéãåŒãç«ã¡ãå°
象深ãäžç¶ã«ãªãããšããã§æå ¥è±ã«ã¯è¶äººå¥œã¿ã®ãã®ã®
ã»ãã芪ãã¿ãããäžèŒªæ¿ãã®ãããªãã®ããç«è¯ã®åœ¹æ
ãæèããŠã€ãããããã®ããããããŸããŸãªäººã«ãã£ãŠ
äŒããããå€åãããŠãã£ãã
ïŒè±ã
ã»å²©äºã
éœåïŒ
ïŒæã
ã»å±±æ ¹ãã
ç·ïŒ
ïŒåçã»è¥¿æã
浩äžïŒ
ï¹è¡šçŽï¹
äžæã®è±
ãããçã«çŸåè«ã®ç«è¯
è±æâŠâŠç¢çãããã»æ¡æ¢ã»ç¬¹çŸåã»é³ŽåçŸåã»èã»å€ã¯ãã»
ãããã»æ
è±åšâŠâŠé é åºå£äžèªç«è¯ç¶ïŒé«ãäºäžããå·Ÿäžäžã»åãïŒ
ãããæ°æ¬ãçãšããŠçšããæ£çã«æ¡æ¢ãè«ã«ç¬¹çŸåã
æ§ã«é³ŽåçŸåãåãåãããŠãå šäœãèã
ã
ç©ãã®
ãã¡ã«èª¿ããç«
è¯ãåºå£ã®åšã«æ°Žããªã¿ãªã¿ãšåŒµã£ãŠæ¢ éšã®çµãããã®å£
ç¯æãããããŠããã
èç©ãçã«çšããå Žåãèç©ã®ã¿ãåãåããããèã
ã
äžãã£
è²ãã
ãã®ç«è¯ã«ãã§ããããååšæã®ããè±åšãšã®èª¿åãè
ãåãããŠãå匷ãã®åºããæšã
ç©ãã®
ã®å€ã¯ããäžæ®µãäžæ®µã«
çšããŠãããèã®çã«æšãåãåãããå¿åŸãšããŠãå€ã
è±äŒæžã«ã¯ãå€å±±ã®èèã®ãããããããããå»å¹Žã¿ãå°
æŸã²ãšããªããã°ãã®æãåŒçšãããŠããã
ãããã®çã¯ããèä»ãé¢çœããèŠç«ãŠãããã¯ããã
ãªãæã¯ãäºæ¬åãããŠäžæ¬ã«èŠããããã«çŽ°å·¥ããŠæ¿ã
ã¹ãããšããèã
ãããç©ã«åºããšãã¯äžæ¬ã«ãŠãå¿ã
ã
ã«ãã¹ãã
ãªã©ãšãããè±æã§ãç©ã®ãªãå€ã®ãããã¯èã®ãªã³ãã
å¹æçã«åãããŠæ±ããšèŠæ ãããããçã®ã»ããå¯ãè«
ãããããã«ãèã®ãªã³ããçãããŠçšããããã
å€ã¯ç«è¯ã«ãµããããèç©ãå€æ°ãããè±ãã€ããè±æ
ãå€æ§å€åœ©ã§ãããããšãã°ãèŠã
ã
ãè»ã
ã
ãé»ã
ã³
ãåã
ãããé»
ããããã
ãµãšããè²ã
ãŸ
ãé¶é ãå°ã²
ãããå¹²
ãè±èãå±±çŸåãéç ²çŸåã鹿ã®
åçŸåã笹çŸåãéããçŸåã姫çŸåã鳎åçŸåãæè¥ã
è±èè²ãè®ãç«èµãèãæ¡æ¢ãæ«åããããã®èã玫èã®
èãæ¬ã
å®ãŒã
ç ã
ã®èçã ãããããé©æé©æã«åãåãããè
äžè²ãæšç©ããŸãããèç©ãã¡ã®ç«è¯ã«æµãããšãããã
ãã 颚æ ãè¯ããã 趣ãåºãããããæšç©äž»äœã®ç«è¯ãšã¯
äžå³éãç«è¯ã«ãªãã
è¯ç¶ã»äžžå£ºã
ãªãŒã¯ã·ã§ã³ããŠã¹å€è£ææäŸïŒ68åã»9æéå¬åºåïŒ
æšããã槿ã®äžèŒªçã
è±æâŠâŠæšæ§¿
è±åšâŠâŠé é éç°è³ä»è±å ¥
è±å ¥ã
ãªãŒã¯ã·ã§ã³ããŠã¹å€è£ææäŸïŒ68åã»9æéå¬åºåïŒ
æ®åœ±æ¥ïŒå¹³æäºååïŒäºãäžäºïŒå¹Žäºæäºãæ¥
è±åº§æ·
â京éœã»çºå®¶
2
éèãããã«ãã¯ãäŒçŸ ä¿ç¹æã®ã¹ã¹ããç³ã¯ãã ããã
äŒæ¥ããååã§å€§æ£ååšéã«æèŒãããŠãããã®ã«ãåç©ã®ãç§ã®å±±ãã銬è¶å®¶äŒæ¥ã®
ãäŒçŸ ä¿ãïŒé圫æ€åœ¢ïŒãšããé圫ãäŒçŸ ä¿ïŒæ€åœ¢ïŒããããã»ãã«ãèæž æ°Žãããæ©ããã䞡圊ãã
ãåžåŒãããé圫ãïŒè€ç°çŸè¡é€šèµïŒããåžžç€ãããå°èµé¢ããããã
â¢
äŒçŸ ä¿ç身æ¿
äŒçŸ ä¿ç身æ¿ã¯ãäŒçŸ ä¿éãšäºæžé¢šã®éã®æãåãã§ãèŠèŸŒã®äºæžé¢šã®éåŽã«çœã
äžå·æ¯ãããå€äŒçŸ ä¿ã®äœé¢šãåºèª¿ãšãããã®ãå€ãèŠåãããããäŒçŸ ä¿ç身æ¿ã®èŠæ
ã¯ãç圢ãšãæãåããããéã®é調ãäŒçŸ ä¿éãšäºæžé¢šã®éã®éãªã£ãéšåã®é調ã®
å€åãèŠèŸŒã®äžå·æ¯ãå£çžã®ååãã倧ãç®ã®ç«¹ç¯é«å°ãããã«ãã¯ãç 亀ããã®ç²å
ããçããã¹ã¹ããç³ã¯ãã ããã
äŒæ¥ããååã§å€§æ£ååšéã«æèŒãããŠãããã®ã«ã
äžèåç©ã§å¹³ç¬å®¶äŒæ¥ã®ãåçš®ãäŒçŸ ä¿ãåç©ã§æŸå¹³å®¶
äŒæ¥ã®ãåçš®ãäŒçŸ ä¿ããæ± æ°Žãããå€å±±ãããè¥èãã
å±±å·å®¶äŒæ¥ã®ãç身æ¿ãããè¬æ¿ãããããã»ãã«
ãåéãããå±±ã®äºãããäž¡åœãããç身æ¿ãïŒè€ç°çŸè¡é€šèµïŒã
ãè¹ããããã
â£
é»äŒçŸ ä¿
é»äŒçŸ ä¿ã¯ãå šäœã«é»è²ãçŒããŠãããããã®åã
ãããç圢ã¯ãå£ã倧ããéããæãã§ãå£çžãæšå£ã§
å°ã端åããå€äŒçŸ ä¿ãé圫äŒçŸ ä¿ãšæ¯ã¹ãŠç¹çŽ°ã§ã
ããå°æ¯ãã§å¥³æ§çã§ããã
é»äŒçŸ ä¿ã®èŠæã¯ãç¹çŽ°ã§ãã女æ§çãªé 圢ãšèã®
é»å³ã竹ç¯é«å°ãšãã®åšèŸºã®éã®çŠããå£çžã®æšå£ãš
ã©ã¹çãããã«ãã¯ãã¹ã¹ããšç³ã¯ãã ãããæããšã
æ¯è²ã®äžã€ãšããŠèŠéããªãã
äŒæ¥ããååã§ã倧æ£ååšéã«æèŒãããŠãããã®ã«
ãæã¯
ã¯ããããé»äŒçŸ ä¿ãïŒéåå æ庫çŸè¡é€šèµïŒãæŸå²¡å®¶äŒæ¥
ã®ãé»äŒçŸ ä¿ããæžç°å®¶äŒæ¥ã®ãé»äŒçŸ ä¿ããåäžå®¶
äŒæ¥ã®ãé»äŒçŸ ä¿ãããããã»ãã«ã岩波ãããç«é¶Žãã
ã女ã
ã¿ãªãã
éè±ãããç§ã®éãããå°ç·é¹¿ãããæ©ããããšãã¯ããããã
äŸã³ã®çé ãæ¿ã®è
ãäŸã³ç©äžçãã®äžã§ããã£ãšãäŸã³ããã®ã§ãåã¯å šäœãæ¿ã®èãäŒãã圢ãã
é«å°ã®äœããæ¿ã®èã«äŒŒãŠãããããšããèåãèµ€å³ã垯ã³ãé»è€è²ã§ãæ¿ã®è²ã«äŒŒãŠ
ãããšãããããšããããããå šäœã«ããèãæ°Žéãããããåç«ã¡ã¯ãããè °ã§æ®µã
ä»ããå£ã¯éããããã§èŠèŸŒãåºãã
æ¿ã®èã®èŠæã¯ãæ¯æ·¡ãªå€§å¯ã³ã®è¶£ãã§ãããããã£ãšãããéåã®å€ãç 亀ããã®
åã䜿ãããéãèããããèã¯é»è€è²ãæ¯ãèè²ãªã©å€åã«å¯ã¿ãéãããæ®ãã
ç«éãæ¯ããªããŠããã
äŒæ¥ããååã§ã倧æ£ååšéã«æèŒãããŠãããã®ã«ããéŸç°ãã现å·å®¶äŒæ¥ã®ãæ¿ã®èãã
ãèå°Ÿããã倧接ããå ç°å®¶äŒæ¥ã®ãæ¿ã®èãããéŸå·ããã京極ããããããã®ã»ãã«ãéèŠ
æå財ã®ãæ¯æ²éå ãããæ©å·ãããçœéšããããã
é«å°èã®çž®ç·¬çºãçŸããæã å±
ãäŸã³ç©äžçãã®äžã€ã§éãšãš
å±ã
ãšãæžããå ºã®éåã®
å ç· ã§ãã£ãçŽå±è¡ãããã®ãã®ã§ãå©äŒã«äŒãã£ãŠ
ãã®åãä»ãããæ®éãæé¡åœ¢ã«å£ã®åºãã£ãå¹³è¶ç圢
ãå€ãã窯ç«ã«ãã£ãŠè²èª¿ãçŸããå€åãããã£ãšã
ããåãçšãããããããç®ãããçãéç«ã£ãŠã
é«å°ã¯ç«¹ç¯é«å°ã§å ã¯å ãš
å·Ÿãã
ãé«å°èãšé«å°å ã«çž®ç·¬çº
ãåºãŠããã
æã å±ã®èŠæã¯ããã£ãšãããåã§çŒãããèã
ééŒ è²ã玫ããã£ãèµ€è²ã«å€åããç«è²ã§ãããã
é«å°å ã®å å·Ÿã瞮緬çºãé åã§ããã
äŒæ¥ããååã§ã倧æ£ååšéã«æèŒãããŠãããã®
ã«å€§åç©ã®ãå©äŒãšãœããïŒè€ç°çŸè¡é€šèµïŒãäžèåç©ã§
æ±æžé«éºãæ±æžæã å±ãšãåŒã°ãããæ±é«éºããäžè
åç©ãæ±æžéå±ããç§èãšãåŒã°ãããåžåãããåºå³¶ãã
ãæ¥éãããå³°éªãããåç¹ãããèããåç©ãéŸç°ãããå°é·¹ãã
ãèé¶é ãããããã»ãã«ã綵ã
ã
é²ãã
ãããéŒãããå¥è¯ãããéã
ããããïŒã€ã¥ãïŒ
ïŒå·¥èžè©è«å®¶ã»éå±±æž ïŒ
å³çïŒåéšãæ¿ã®è
5
âé£èŒ
âé«éºè¶
ã®åæ
森ç°çµ±ã»åéšã®è¶ïŒ1ïŒ
æ¬èªã®åµåå·ããäžå·ãŸã§ã®äžåã«ããã£ãŠãçŸè¡æ¥çã®è¡æ¹ãã«ã€ããŠæžãããŠã
ãã£ããã¯ããã¯èªè ã®å±€ãæŽããªããŠéåãããããããã ããããŸãé¢çœãããªãã£
ãã ãããšæã£ãŠããããšãããæå€ã«ãäœäººãã®äººããé»è©±ãæçŽãããã£ãã
ããã¯æžãæã«ãšã£ãŠãŸããšã«ããããããšã§ãããããã«ãããã®äººã®äœäººãããé«éº
è¶çã®åæãšããŠç¥ããã森ç°çµ±ã»åéšå çã®äººãšè¶çã«ã€ããŠæžããšããããããã
ç§ãåéšå çã®é¡åœ°äºæ¥ãææããŠããããšãç¥ã£ãŠã®ããšã ãããå³ã«ã®ãããã§ã
ãªãããã€ããããããªã£ãŠæžãããšã«ãããåéšå çã®ããšãªããæžãããããšã
èããŠæ¬²ãã話ã¯å±±ã»ã©ãããè¶çã®ããšãšãªãã°ããããæžãåããªãã»ã©ã ã
ããã«äžçã®è¶çããããåéšå çã®æ¿ã®èã§ããããã®è¶çã¯ãç§ã®æ©å¹Žã®çãæ§
ãå€ããè¶çã§ãããåãè¶çã§ããããã®è¶çã®åçãã®ããããŠããã£ãããåç
ã§ã¯ããã£ãŠããããªãã ãããšæããšããŸããšã«æ®å¿µã§ããããšã«ããåéšå çã®è¶ç
ã®è©±ãšãªãã°æ°æãéšãã
ãããªããšã¯ããšããããšããŠãããã¯äžçªãæ£æ°ã«ãã©ã£ãŠãé åºãããåéšå çã®
人ãšè¶çã«ã€ããŠæžããŸãã«ããŸãã¯ããã«ãé«éºè¶çã®ãããŸãããšãããé«éºè¶ç
ã®ç²ãšããããäŸã³ç©äžçãã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãããšã«ãããã
é«éºè¶
ã®ç²ï¹äŸã³ç©äž
ï¹
ããåœã§ã¯å€ãããè¶ã®æ¹¯ã«çšããè¶çã倧å¥ããŠãäžåœãæé®®ã®ãã®ãåç©ãããåœ
ã®ãã®ãåç©ãæ±åã¢ãžã¢ã®ãã®ã島ç©ã欧å·ã®ãã®ãçŽ ãª
ã©ã³ãæ¯ãšãåã€ã«åé¡ããŠããã
åç©ããã£ãšãéãçšããããŠããããè¶ãããåœã«ããããããå«è¶ã®é¢šç¿ãäžæµ
éçŽã«åºãŸã£ãåœåã¯ãåç©ã®äžã§ãäžåœããæž¡æ¥ãããã®ãäž»æµããªããŠãããã
åãã
æ§ãã
ã®è¶ããäŸã³è¶ãžãæžé¢ããè庵ã®è¶ãžãšãè¶ã®æ¹¯ãæšç§»ããã«ã€ããŠãåãåç©
ã®äžã§ãé«éºè¶çãšåŒã°ããæé®®ã®ãã®ãäž»æµããªãããã«ãªã£ãã
æé®®ã®ãã®ãé«éºè¶çãšåŒã°ããã®ã¯ãé«éºæ代ã®ãã®ã ããã§ã¯ãªããããåœã§ã¯
æé®®ãæææ代ã«å ¥ã£ãŠãé«éºãšåŒã³ç¶ããŠããããã§ãããå¿è«ãé«éºæ代ã«ããåœ
ã«æž¡æ¥ãããã®ãããããã»ãšãã©ã¯æææ代ã«ãããããããã®ã§ããã
äžåœã®èŠæ Œçãªå€©ç®ãéç·ã®è¶çããããèªç±ééã«ã®ã³ã®ã³ãšäœãããåæ§çã§
å€åã®ããé«éºè¶çã®æ¹ããè庵ã®äŸã³è¶ã«ã¯ããããµããããã£ãã®ã§ãããã
é«éºè¶çã®ä»£è¡šçãªãã®ã«ã¯ã倧äºæžãéäºæžãå°äºæžãå°è²«å ¥ãäºæžèãçãã
å·ãã
ãäžå³¶ã
圫äžå³¶ãå·æ¯ç®ãç²åŒãå æãéšæŒãçåæãæã å±ãæ¿ã®èãäŒçŸ ä¿ãååšãå²é«å°ã
çèšè¢Žãéæµ·ã埡æäžžã埡æ¬ãªã©ãããã
ãããã®äžã§é«éºè¶çã®ç²ãšãããŠããã®ãäŒçŸ ä¿ãæ¿ã®èãæã å±ã®ãäŸã³ç©äžçã
ã§ãããåéšãç涯ããããŠè¿œãæ±ãäœãç¶ããŠããã®ãããã®ãäŸã³ç©äžçãã§ããã
ï¹äŸã³ç©äž
ï¹ã®éãäŒçŸ ä¿
äŒçŸ ä¿ã«ã¯ãâ å€äŒçŸ ä¿ãâ¡é圫äŒçŸ ä¿ãâ¢äŒçŸ ä¿ç身æ¿ãâ£é»äŒçŸ ä¿ãããã
äŒçŸ ä¿ã¯ãããããçŽ å°ã«è€è²ã§ç ãŸããã®ç²åã䜿ããããèããããããšèã
ãšããããããã®åãã€ãããã®ã§ãå šäœã«ç¹æã®äŒçŸ ä¿éãé«å°ãŸã§ãããåèŠãã§ã
èŽã«æœãç®ã®ã©ã¹çãèŠãããå£ã¯å€§ããéããæãã§ãå£çžã®åããã®ãåã§è£ã£ãŠ
çŽããã¹ã¹ãããèŽã®ç³ã¯ããå£çžã®ååããªã©ã®èŠã©ããããããé圫äŒçŸ ä¿ãé€ã
ä»ã®é«å°ã¯ããã倧ãç®ã®ç«¹ç¯é«å°ã§ããã
â
å€äŒçŸ ä¿
å€äŒçŸ ä¿ã¯ãæ¬æäŒçŸ ä¿ãšãããããå šäœã«å匷ãã©ã£ãããšããŠèŠæãããã®ã
ãããå ã«äžå·æ¯ãããã®ãããã
å€äŒçŸ ä¿ã®èŠæã¯ãé«å°èããè °ã«ãããŠããäžžãåºãã£ãã©ã£ããããç圢ãšã
å£çžã®ååãã倧ãç®ã®ç«¹ç¯é«å°ãç 亀ããã®ç²åããçããã¹ã¹ããç³ã¯ãã ããã
äŒæ¥ããååã§å€§æ£ååšéã«æèŒãããŠãããã®ã«ãåç©ã®ãå°éŠ¬äŒçŸ ä¿ããšãåãã
åç©ã®ãæ²äŒçŸ ä¿ãããããã»ãã«ã嵯峚ããšãå·Žããããããã ã倧æ£ååšéã§ã¯
ãå°éŠ¬ãããæ²ããšãã«äŒçŸ ä¿ã®å€ç©ãšåé¡ããŠããã
ãŸããå¹³ç¬å®¶äŒæ¥ã®ç身æ¿ã®ãåçš®ããšãæŸå¹³å®¶äŒæ¥ã®ç身æ¿ã®ãåçš®ãäŒçŸ ä¿ãã
å€äŒçŸ ä¿ãšãã説ããããç身æ¿ãå€äŒçŸ ä¿ã«å ¥ããåé¡èª¬ãããã
â¡
é圫äŒçŸ ä¿
é圫äŒçŸ ä¿ã¯ãé«å°ãæ¥åœ¢ã«ãªã£ãŠããŠé«å°ã®äžãéæ§ã®ãã®ã§æžŠç¶ã«åã£ãŠãã
ãšããããããã®åãããã
å šäœã«å匷ããäŒçŸ ä¿ãã£ãŠã®é¢šæ Œããããéèã¯ãé»å³ããã£ãäŒçŸ ä¿éã®ããã
ãã®ããã£ãšãããåã§è¶è€è²ã®ãã®ãæãããéå³ã垯ã³ããã®ãšå€åãããã
é圫äŒçŸ ä¿ã®èŠæã¯ãé 圢ã®å匷ãã§ããã倧èã«åãã ãããæ¥é«å°ãšé«å°å ã®æžŠç¶
ã®é圫ã裟ããé«å°èã®å€§èãªäºæ®µãããã¯äžæ®µã®åãåããå šäœã«éããããããã£ã
4
è€äºé äžïŒé»çšïŒããè®ããçŽæ¬ã氎墚ã2006幎ã95Ã65cm
7
è€äºé äžïŒé»çšïŒâ倩ã«å è·ãããçŸã®åµé
äžåœã®éåã§æ¿å¯ãªçŸãšãæ¥æ¬ã®è»œåŠã§æŽè±ãªçŸ
âäžåœãšæ¥æ¬ã®
äºã€ã®æ¯åœãæã€ç»å®¶ã»è€äºé äžïŒé»çšïŒã¯ããã®æ¬æ¥ã¯æ£å察ãªäºã€
ã®çŸæèãæè¯ãããããšè©Šã¿ãã
ããããããã¯æ±ºããŠå£ã§èšãã»ã©ç°¡åãªããšã§ã¯ãªããæ¢ã«ç¢ºç«
ãããæåäŸãããããããç®æãããããã°ãã€ãã¯å¿ ãå°çãçŽ
æãããŠããå®æãªéçšã§ã¯ãªãã®ã ã
誰ãå©ããŠã¯ãããªããå šãŠãææ¢ãã®æªç¥ã®äžçãäžäººå€ç¬ã«ã
ãŸã 誰ã足ãèžã¿å ¥ããããšã®ãªãæ°ããªå°å¹³ã«ç«ã¡ãè€äºã®çµµçã¯ã
æã«åœ·åŸšããå»åããã
ãããã§ããçé¢ç®ã«åªåããŠããã°ããŸã倩ãå©ããŠãããæ°ãã
ããèªåã®æå³ãè¶ ããŠã墚ãç¬ãã§ã«åœ¢ãæããŠããããã«æãã
ç¬éããããã ããšãè€äºã¯èªãã
ããã¯ãèžè¡ã ãã®è©±ã ãããïŒã
Heaven helps those w
ho help
themselves.
ïŒå€©ã¯èªãå©ããè ãå©ããïŒç¢ºãã«ãæã«äººçã«ã¯ã誰ã«ã
çããæåã®åªåãå°œãããæã«ã ãã人æºãè¶ ããç©ããå ãå·®ã
蟌ãç¬éããããç§éã¯ããããå¥è·¡ãšåŒã¶ã
è€äºé äž
ïŒãµãã
ãŸãããïŒïŒé»çš
ïŒãã¯ã³ã»ãã£ãŒïŒ
ãç¥æŽ
äžä¹å åïŒæåäžä¹ïŒå¹Ž
æ±èçåæ±åžåºç
äžä¹å «åïŒæåäºä¹ïŒå¹Ž
èå·å€§åŠçŸè¡åŠé¢åæ¥
äžä¹å «äºïŒæåå ãïŒå¹Ž
å京æè£ åŠé¢è¬åž«ã»ååŠé¢æ ¡ç« ãã¶ã€ã³æ¡çš
äžä¹å «å «ïŒæåå äžïŒå¹Ž
äžçé幎ãã¡ãã·ã§ã³ã·ã§ãŒïŒã¹ã€ã¹ïŒå ¥éžã«ããç ä¿®æåŸ
äžä¹ä¹äºïŒå¹³æåïŒå¹Ž
æ¥æ¥
äžä¹ä¹äžïŒå¹³æäºïŒå¹Ž
京éœåžç«èžè¡å€§åŠå€§åŠé¢çŸè¡ç 究ç§ã«ç 究çåŠ
äžä¹ä¹åïŒå¹³æå ïŒå¹Ž
è€äºäŒžæµãšçµå©
äžä¹ä¹äºïŒå¹³æäžïŒå¹Ž
京éœã§åè£ ã»æŽè£ ã®æå å³æ¡äœç»ã«åŸäº
äºããäžïŒå¹³æäžä¹ïŒå¹Ž
ã墚ã®å
âæ¥äžã»å¢šäººäº€æµå±ãïŒäº¬éœåžçŸè¡é€šïŒåºå±
äºããå «ïŒå¹³æäºãïŒå¹Ž
äžäŒå¯ºãèãïŒè¡ç«ïŒäœç»
äºãäžãïŒå¹³æäºäºïŒå¹Ž
é«å°å¯ºå埳é¢ãè®ç¬é¯ãïŒè¥çµµïŒäœç»
äºãäžäºïŒå¹³æäºåïŒå¹Ž
ãè€äºé äžã»é»çšïŒç»éã
éŸèãïŒæ¥æ¬çŸè¡æ°è瀟ïŒè¿æ¥åè¡äºå®
6
å³1ïŒããŒã«ã»ã»ã¶ã³ã ããµã³ãã»ãŽã£ã¯ãã¯ãŒã«å±±ãšå€§æŸã 1887幎é
å³5ïŒããŒã«ã»ã»ã¶ã³ããããŒãŽããèŠããµã³ãã»ãŽã£ã¯ãã¯ãŒã«å±±ã 1904-06幎
å³6ïŒçè æ®åœ±å³1ã®çŸå Žåç 2006幎8æ24æ¥
å³3ïŒããŒã«ã»ã»ã¶ã³ã ããµã³ãã»ãŽã£ã¯ãã¯ãŒã«å±±ã 1902-06幎
å³4ïŒããŒã«ã»ã»ã¶ã³ãããŽã¡ã«ã¯ãè¡éããèŠããµã³ãã»ãŽã£ã¯ãã¯ãŒã«å±±ã 1878-79幎
å³2ïŒå³1ã®æ¡å€§éšå
ïŒèš»1ïŒ G
yorgy Kepes, Language of Vision , C
hicago, 1944; New
York, 1995, p. 171.
ã®ãªã«ã®ãŒã»ã±
ããã·ã¥ãèŠèŠèšèªãã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ç€Ÿç·šééšèš³ãã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ç€Ÿãäžä¹äžäžå¹Žãäžäºäžé ã
ïŒèš»2ïŒ W
olfgang Schivelbusch, Geschichte der Eisenbahnreise: Zur Industrialisierung von Raum
und Zeit im
19. Jahrhundert , MÃŒnchen, 1977; Frankfurt am
Main, 2004, p. 61.
ãŽã©ã«
ãã¬ã³ã°ã»ã·ãŽã§ã«ãã·ã¥ãééæ è¡ã®æŽå²
âäžä¹äžçŽã«ããã空éãšæéã®å·¥æ¥
åãå è€äºéèš³ãæ³æ¿å€§åŠåºçå±ãäžä¹å «äºå¹Žãå «ãé ã
ïŒèš»3ïŒ Paul C
ézanne, Correspondance , recueillie, annotée et préfacée par John R
ewald, Paris,
1937; nouvelle édition révisée et augmentée, Paris, 1978, p. 165.
ãã»ã¶ã³ãã®æçŽã
ãžã§ã³ã»ãªãŠã©ã«ãç·šãæ± äžå¿ 治蚳ãçŸè¡å ¬è«ç€Ÿãäžä¹å «äºå¹Žãäžäºäºâ
äžäºäžé ã
ïŒèš»4ïŒ
å®éã®ã¢ã«ã¯æžè°·ã®ééæ©ééæã®è»çªé¢šæ¯ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãäºããå å¹Žå «æäºå æ¥ã«ç
è ãæ®åœ±ãã次ã®åç»ãåç §ãïŒhttp://w
ww.youtube.com
/watch?v=BAAAuO
oEKPI
ïŒ
ã
ããŒã«ã»ã»ã¶ã³ãã®äžå¿ç¹ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã次ã®æçš¿ãåç §ãç§äžžç¥è²ŽãããŒã«ã»ã»ã¶ã³ã
ã®äžå¿ç¹
âèªçæžç°¡ãšå®äœåãææãã«ãã圢ã®ç§åŠäŒèªã第äºå 巻第äžå·ã圢ã®ç§åŠäŒã
äºãäžäžå¹Žãäžäžâ
äºäºé ã
ã
æ¬é£èŒèšäºã¯ãäºãäžäžå¹ŽåºŠã«äº¬éœé 圢èžè¡å€§åŠå€§åŠé¢ã«åçãããçè ã®å士åŠäœè«æ
ãããŒã«ã»ã»ã¶ã³ããšèžæ°éé
âè¿ä»£æè¡ã«ããèŠèŠã®å€å®¹ãã®èŠçŽã§ããã
ã
ãŸããæ¬é£èŒèšäºã¯ãçè ãé£æºç 究å¡ãšããŠç 究代衚ãåãããäºãäžã幎床ãäºãäžäž
幎床京éœå€§åŠãããã®æªæ¥ç 究ã»ã³ã¿ãŒé£æºç 究ãããžã§ã¯ããè¿ä»£æè¡çç°å¢ã«ãããå¿æ§
ã®å€å®¹ã®å³å解éåŠçç 究ãã®ç 究ææã®äžéšã§ãããåç 究ãããžã§ã¯ãã®æŠèŠã«ã€ããŠã¯ã
次ã®æçš¿ãåç §ãç§äžžç¥è²Žãè¿ä»£æè¡çç°å¢ã«ãããå¿æ§ã®å€å®¹ã®å³å解éåŠçç 究ãããã
ãã®æªæ¥ã第äºå·ã京éœå€§åŠãããã®æªæ¥ç 究ã»ã³ã¿ãŒãäºãäžã幎ãäžåâ
äžäºé ãïŒhttp://
kokoro.kyoto-u.ac.jp/jp/kokoronomirai/pdf/vol5/K
okoro_no_mirai_5_02_02.pdf
ïŒ
9
åäžåã§ãç§éã¯ãããŒã«ïœ¥ã»ã¶ã³ãïŒPaul C
ézanne:
äžå «äžä¹ãäžä¹ãå ïŒããå°è±¡æŽŸã®
ç»å®¶ã®äžã§æãæ©ãééæ©æ§ã®å€èŠ³ãç»é¡åããæãæ©ãåè»å ããçºããééä¹è»èŠèŠ
ãé 圢åããŠããããšã確èªããã
ä»åã¯ãããå ·äœçã«ãèžæ°ééã«ããèŠèŠã®å€å®¹ãã»ã¶ã³ãã®é 圢衚çŸã«ã©ã®ããã«
åæ ããŠããããèŠãŠãããã
ãŸããçŸèµ°ãã汜è»ã®è»çªããçºãã颚æ¯ã®ç¹åŸŽãèå¯ããŠãããã
ãã®åé¡ã«ã€ããŠãã®ãªã«ã®ãŒã»ã±ããã·ã¥ã¯ãèŠèŠèšèªãïŒäžä¹åå幎ïŒã§æ¬¡ã®ããã«
説æããŠããããèµ°ã£ãŠããåè»ããèŠãã°ãç©ã¯è¿ãã«ããã»ã©éãåãããã«èŠããã
é ãé¢ããç©ã¯ãã£ããåãã極ããŠé ãé¢ããç©ã¯éæ¢ããŠèŠããïŒèš»1ïŒãã
ã€ãŸããè»çªé¢šæ¯ã§ã¯ãç©ã¯é æ¯ã«ããã»ã©åããé ããè¿æ¯ã«ããã»ã©é«éã§æ°Žå¹³æ¹
åã«éãå»ã£ãŠèŠããã
ãŸãããŽã©ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ã»ã·ãŽã§ã«ãã·ã¥ã¯ãééæ è¡ã®æŽå²ãïŒäžä¹äžäžå¹ŽïŒã§æ¬¡ã®ãã
ã«è§£èª¬ããŠããããå·¥æ¥å以åã®ç¥èŠã«ããã奥è¡ã¯ãéåã«ããè¿ãã«ããç©ãé£ã³å»
ãããšã§ãèžæ°ééã§ã¯å šãæåéã倱ããããããã¯ãå·¥æ¥å以åã®æ è¡ã®æ¬è³ªççµéš
ãæ§æããŠãã空éé åã§ãããåï¹
æ¯ï¹
ã®çµçãæå³ããããâŠãèžæ°ééã®éåã¯ãä¹å®¢ãã
åŸæ¥ã¯èªåããã®äžéšã§ãã£ã空éããåé¢ãããä¹å®¢ã空éããæãåºãã«ã€ããŠãã
ã®ç©ºéã¯ä¹å®¢ã«ã¯ãçµµã¿
ãããŒç»
ïŒãŸãã¯ãéåãèŠç¹ã絶ããå€åãããã®ã§ãé£ç¶ç»åãããã¯é£
ç¶å Žé¢ïŒã«ãªãïŒèš»2ïŒãã
ããªãã¡ãè»çªé¢šæ¯ã§ã¯ãæãè¿ãã«ããç©ã¯é«é床ã®ããã«æ¶ããŠããŸããåæ¯å šäœ
ã倱ãããããã«æããããããã®çµæãåŸæ¥èº«äœã®é£ç¶ç延é·ãšããŠé¢šæ¯ãšã®è·é¢æã
ææ¡ããŠããæ è¡è ã¯ã颚æ¯ããçå€ããããšå ±ã«ã奥è¡ãæžéãã¹ãã¯ã¿ã¯ã«ãšåãã
ç»é¢ãæ°æ¥œãªæ°æŽãããšããŠéè³ããããšã«ãªãã
ããããè»çªé¢šæ¯ã®èŠèŠçç¹åŸŽãšç¹ã«åŒå¿ããã»ã¶ã³ãçµµç»ã®äžã€ããããµã³ãã»ãŽã£
ã¯ãã¯ãŒã«å±±ãšå€§æŸãïŒäžå «å «äžå¹Žé ïŒïŒå³1ïŒã§ããã
èå³æ·±ãããšã«ããã®äœåã«ã¯ãæé æ¯ã®ãµã³ãã»ãŽã£ã¯ãã¯ãŒã«å±±ã®äžå€®ã«äžå¿ç¹ã
æãããŠããïŒå³2ïŒããããŠããã®äžå¿ç¹ããè¿æ¯ã®æŸã®æèã«è¿ä»ãã«ã€ããŠãåŸã
ã«ç觊ã暪æ¹åã«å埩ããç²ããªãåŸåã瀺ããŠããããã®ããšãããã»ã¶ã³ãã¯ãã®äž
å¿ç¹ããé æ¯ããè¿æ¯ã«è¿ä»ãã«ã€ããŠæ¬¡ç¬¬ã«ç©ãé«éã§æ°Žå¹³æ¹åã«é£ã³å»ã£ãŠããéé
ä¹è»èŠèŠãæ³èµ·ããããã®ææãããšããŠçšããå¯èœæ§ãææã§ããã
ãŸããè¿æ¯å·Šã®æŸã®å¹¹ã¯ç°æ§ã«çŽ°ããŸãŸç»é¢äžã«æ¶ããŠããã®ã§ãç»é¢ããäžã®ç©ºéæ
æ¡ãå°é£ã«ããŠãããå°ãªããšããé æ¯ã®å±±ããäžæ¯ã®å¹³åã«åºããå°å¹³ãšããã®æŸãå
äžå¹³é¢äžã«ååšããŠããªãããšã¯ç¢ºãã§ããããã®ãããéè³è ã¯ããŸãã§ç©ºäžã«æµ®ãã
ã§ãã®é¢šæ¯ãçºããŠããããã«èŠããã
ããã«é¢é£ããŠããµã³ãã»ãŽã£ã¯ãã¯ãŒã«å±±ãšãã®äžã«æžããæŸã®æèã®éã«ã¯ãå°ã
ãªçœãç觊ãæãå ¥ããããŠããããã®ãããå±±ãšæèã®ååŸé¢ä¿ã¯éåžžã«ææ§ã«ãªã£ãŠ
ããããŸããè¿æ¯å³ã®äžæ¬ã®æèå士ãšå±±ã®çšç·ãéãªãããç¹ã«äžçªäžã®æèã¯å±±ã«åœ±
ãèœãšããŠããããã«èŠããããã«è¿æ¯å·Šã®æèãç»é¢ã«å¹³è¡ããŠããããã«èŠããã®
ã§ãé è¿æã®ææ§åã¯äžå±€åŒ·åãããŠããã
ããããééä¹è»èŠèŠãšå¯Ÿå¿ããã»ã¶ã³ãã®é 圢çç¹åŸŽã¯ããçèŽã®è¿ç²åããéçã®æ°Ž
å¹³åããåæ¯ã®æ¶å€±åããç»åã®å¹³é¢åããšå®çŸ©ã§ããïŒã
âæ§ãã§ã¯ãªãã
âåããšãã
ããšã«ã¯éèŠãªå«æãããããçŽæ°ã®éœåäžããã§ã¯çç¥ããïŒããããŠããããã®è«žç¹åŸŽã¯ã
ä»ã®è€æ°äœåãšæ¯èŒåæããå Žåã«ããã«æçã«ãªãã
äŸãã°ãããµã³ãã»ãŽã£ã¯ãã¯ãŒã«å±±ãïŒäžä¹ãäºâãå 幎ïŒïŒå³3ïŒãããŽã¡ã«ã¯ãè¡éãã
èŠããµã³ãã»ãŽã£ã¯ãã¯ãŒã«å±±ãïŒäžå «äžå «âäžä¹å¹ŽïŒïŒå³4ïŒããããŒãŽããèŠããµã³ãã»ãŽã£
ã¯ãã¯ãŒã«å±±ãïŒäžä¹ãåâ
ãå 幎ïŒïŒå³5ïŒçãå¯Ÿç §ããã°ãé æ¯ããè¿æ¯ã«è¿ä»ãã«ã€ã
ãŠæŒžæ¬¡ç觊ã暪æ¹åã«å埩ãããŠç²ããªããæè¿æ¯ã§ã¯ã»ãšãã©æšªé·ã®è²åž¯ãšåããåæ¯
ãæ¶å€±ããŠããããã«èŠããããã®ãããéè³è ãšé¢šæ¯ã®é£ç¶çäžäœæ§ã匱ãŸãããã¯ã
éè³è ã¯ç©ºäžãã颚æ¯ãçºããŠããããã«æããããããã«å°é¢ã®çšç·ãå±€ãæããŠé«ã
ç©ã¿äžããããŠããã®ã§ãç»é¢å šäœã¯å¹³æ¿åããŠèŠããã
æ¢ã«ç¬¬äžç« ã§è¿°ã¹ãéããå³1ã®ç»é¢å³äžå€®ã«æã蟌ãŸããéžæ©ã¯ééæ©ã§ããïŒå³6ïŒã
ã»ã¶ã³ãããï¹
ã®ï¹
éï¹
éï¹
æ©ï¹
éï¹
éï¹
æï¹
ã«ï¹
çŸï¹
èµ°ï¹
ãï¹
ãï¹
汜ï¹
è»ï¹
ãï¹
ãï¹
çºï¹
ãï¹
ãï¹
ãµï¹
ã³ï¹
ãï¹
ã»ãŽï¹
ã£ï¹
ã¯ï¹
ãï¹
ã¯ï¹
ãŒï¹
ã«ï¹
å±±ï¹
ãã
äžå «äžå «å¹Žåæäžåæ¥ä»æžç°¡ã§ãäœãšçŸããã¢ãã£ãŒãã ããïŒèš»3ïŒããšè³çŸããŠãã
ããšã¯æŽå²çäºå®ã§ãããããã§ãã以äžãæèçã«ããç¡æèçã«ãããããããèžæ°
ééã«ããèŠèŠã®å€å®¹ãã»ã¶ã³ãã®é 圢衚çŸã«åæ ããŠããå¯èœæ§ã¯ã決ããŠèª°ã«ãåŠå®
ããããšãã§ããªãã ããïŒèš»4ïŒãïŒã€ã¥ãïŒ
ïŒçŸè¡å²å®¶ã»ç§äžžç¥è²ŽïŒ
âé£èŒ
âçŸè¡ãžã®æ°èŠç¹
ã»ã¶ã³ããšèžæ°ééïŒ4ïŒ
8
New Viewpoint on Art Cézanne and Steam Railway (4)
In the last three chapters, we saw that Paul Cézanne (1839â1906) was the first Impressionist painter to topicalize the appearance of the railway
system and represent the visual transformation influenced by the perception of the moving scenery induced by a moving train. We will now discuss
more concretely the influence of the transformed visual perception induced by the passing sceneries seen from a moving train on Cézanneâs painted
representations.
First, letâs review the features of scenery when viewed from a moving train.
Gyorgy Kepes writes about this in his Language of Vision (1944) that, âFrom a moving train, the closer the object the faster it seems to move. A far-
away object moves slowly and one very remote appears to be stationary.â (1)
Thus, from a train window, objects at a distance appear to move slowly while those that are near appear to move quickly and horizontally.
Moreover, Wolfgang Schivelbusch explains in his Railway Journey (1977) that âthere the depth perception of pre-industrial consciousness was, literally,
lost: velocity blurs all foreground objects, which means that there no longer is a foregroundâexactly the range in which most of the experience of pre-
industrial travel was located...[T]he trainâs speed separated the traveler from the space that he had previously been a part of. As the traveler stepped out of
that space, it became a stage setting, or a series of such pictures or scenes created by the continuously changing perspective.â (2)
In short, from a train window, the nearest elements of the scenery pass at such high speeds that they seem to disappear, which is experienced as a loss
of the whole foreground. Thus, any traveler who has grasped a sense of distance with scenery as a continuous extension of his body will be alienated from
the landscape and will appreciate a screen that has turned this loss of depth into a spectacle as a comfortable form of leisure.
One of Cézanneâs works that duplicate the visual features of train window scenery in a particularly striking manner is The Mont Sainte-Victoire and
Big Pine, (c. 1887) (Fig. 1).
Interestingly, in this painting, a central point is drawn on the center of the Mont Sainte-Victoire (Fig. 2). From this central point to the nearby pine
branches, the brush strokes tend to be repeated in the transverse direction and gradually become coarse. We may therefore suppose that Cézanne used
this central point to depict the manner in which nearby objects fly away quickly in the horizontal direction when perceived from a moving train.
Moreover, since the trunk of the nearby pine on the left disappears under the canvas while it remains strangely thin, it is difficult to perceive the
lower space under the screen. We certainly cannot assume that this pine exists on the same ground level that spreads from the mountain to the plain. The
observer thus seems to be looking at this landscape from above.
In relation to this, the small white brushstroke drawn between the Mont Sainte-Victoire and the branch of pine on it renders the spatial relationship
between the mountain and the branch very ambiguous.
Moreover, the ambiguity of the depth perception is intensified by the fact that the branches on the near right and ridgeline of the mountain do not
overlap (even the bottom branch seems to cast a shadow over the mountain) and the branches on the near left seem to be parallel to the screen.
These expressions replicating the view from a moving train can be defined as a ânearer-roughening of touch,â âside-repeating of stroke,â âdisappearing
of foreground,â and âflattening of pictureâ (although using the progressive form has important connotations, it is omitted here because of space
limitations). These characteristics become even clearer through comparison with Cézanneâs other works.
For example, comparing The Mont Sainte-Victoire (1902â06) (Fig. 3), The Mont Sainte-Victoire Seen from the Chemin de Valcros (1878â79) (Fig. 4),
and The Mont Sainte-Victoire Seen from Les Lauves (1904â06) (Fig. 5), we notice that the brushstrokes are gradually repeated in the transverse direction
and the images of the closer objects appear rougher. In the nearest view, they turn into an almost oblong color belt, and the whole foreground seems lost.
Thus, the continuity between the observer and the scenery weakens, and the observer seems to look at these landscapes while hovering in the air.
Furthermore, because the ridgelines of the ground form high layers, the whole screen appears to lose depth.
We saw in chapter 1 that the bridge drawn in the center right of Fig. 1 is a railway bridge (Fig. 6) and that Cézanne praised the Mont Sainte-Victoire
while viewing it from a train passing over this bridge, saying in a letter dated April 14, 1878, âWhat a beautiful motif.â (3)
Therefore, the possibility that the transformation of visual perception induced by the steam railway is reflected in Cézanneâs painted representations is
undeniable. (4)
(AKIMARU Tomoki / Art Historian)
(1) Gyorgy Kepes, Language of Vision, Chicago, 1944; New York, 1995, p. 171. (2) Wolfgang Schivelbusch, The Railway Journey: The Industrialization of Time and Space in the 19th Century, Berkeley and Los Angeles: The University of California Press, 1986,
pp. 63-64. (3) Paul Cézanne, Correspondance, recueillie, annotée et préfacée par John Rewald, Paris, 1937; nouvelle édition révisée et augmentée, Paris, 1978, p. 165. (English edition, New
York, 1995, pp. 158-159.)(4) See the Mont Sainte-Victoire, which can be seen from the train when it runs through the railway bridge at the Arc valley, filmed by the author on August 26, 2006. (http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=BAAAuOoEKPI)
11
Fig. 3 Paul Cézanne, The Mont Sainte-Victoire, 1902â06 Fig. 2 The expansion part of Fig. 1
Fig. 4 Paul Cézanne, The Mont Sainte-VictoireSeen from the Chemin de Valcros, 1878-79
Fig. 5 Paul Cézanne, The Mont Sainte-VictoireSeen from Les Lauves, 1904-06
Fig. 6 A photograph of the scene in Fig. 1, taken by the author on August 24, 2006
Fig. 1 Paul Cézanne, The Mont Sainte-Victoire and Big Pine, c. 1887
10
æ ®ãããã°ãªããªãããŸããæ¥æ¬çŸè¡ãå®
ç©ã§çŽ¹ä»ããåœéçãªæå亀æµã®æ ç¹ãæµ·
å€ã«ããããšãéåžžã«æãŸããããšã§ã
ããããããããã§ããªããæ¬æ¥ã¯åœåã
ãæ¥æ¬ã®äŒçµ±çŸè¡ã¯æ¥æ¬äººèªèº«ãããæå
ãä¿è·ãã¹ãã ã£ãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšããå
é¡ã¯åžžã«åèãããŠãè¯ãã ããã
æ¥æ¬çµµç»
âçµã¿åããã®çŸå±
äºãäžäºå¹Žåæäžåæ¥ããå æäžæ¥ã«ã
ããŠãæ»è³çç«è¿ä»£çŸè¡é€šã§ãæ¥æ¬çµµç»
âçµã¿åããã®çŸãå±ãéå¬ããããæ
èµåã ãã§æ§æããããå±ç€ºçŽäºäºç¹ã®å°
èŠæš¡å±ã§ãã£ãããåºåäœã¯åªåã䜳äœã
å€ãããŠããŒã¯ãªå±èŠ§äŒã ã£ãã®ã§ãã²çŽ¹
ä»ãããã
å€æ¥ãæ¥æ¬çµµç»ã¯ãæ軞ã»çµµå·»ç©ã»å±é¢šã»
è¥çµµã»è¡ç«ãªã©å€çš®å€æ§ãªåœ¢åŒãæã£ãŠã
ãããã®äžã§ããããã¯ãäžåããäžå¯Ÿããæ
ããçãè€æ°ã®ç¹æ°ã®çµã¿åãããšããŠé
è³ãããããšãå€ããæ¬å±ã¯ãããããçµ
ã¿åããã«ã¯ãäžã€ã®ç»é¢ã§å®çµããäœå
ãšã¯ç°ãªãåµæ工倫ããããšãããã®èŠ³ç¹
ããäžéšæ§æã§æ¥æ¬çµµç»ã®é åã«è¿«ãããš
ãããã®ã§ãã£ãã
第äžéšãé£ç¶ããç»é¢
âããã©ãã®çŸã
ã§ã¯ãå æ²äžåãšããå±é¢šã®åœ¢åŒãçããã
暪é·ã®å€§ç»é¢ã«è¿«åããçºæãæããäœå
ã玹ä»ãããŠãããäŸãã°ãå¡©å·æéºãè¿
æ±å «æ¯å³ããåºç°é¶Žåãè¶éŠ¬æžã®æããå±±å
æ¥æãéªæŸå³ããæ± ç°é¥éšãæ¹çæ®æ¥ãã岞
竹å ãä¿æŽ¥å³¡å³ãã¯ãéè³è ãåãå²ãã
ãšã§çŒåã«è¿«ããããªèšå ŽæãéžãåºããŠ
ããããŸãã幞é楳嶺ã矀éå³ãã倧æå
è¬æš¹ã®ãè¡éãã¯ãå±é¢šã®å±æ²ãè§åºŠã«ãã£
ãŠèŠãæ¹ãå€åãããããšã§äžæè°ãªå¥¥è¡
æãæŒåºããŠããã
第äºéšã競ãåãæ§å³ãšè²
â察æ¯ã®çŸã
ã§ã¯ãäžåã®å±é¢šãåå¹ ã®æ軞çã§ãå·Šå³
ã®ç»é¢ã察æ¯çã«æãããäœåãé³åãã
çã«åºã玹ä»ããããšèããŠããã
ææ²»äºåäžïŒäžå «ä¹ãïŒå¹Žã«ããã§ãããµ
ãšãã²ããŒãåéãã倧éã®æ¥æ¬çŸè¡ãã
ã¹ãã³çŸè¡é€šã«å¯èšãããããããåããŠã
å通ã«æ¥æ¬çŸè¡éšãæç«ãããã§ãããµ
ãå代éšé·ã«ä»»åœãããç¿å¹Žã«ã¯ãã²ããŒ
ãçäºã«å ãããææ²»äºåä¹ïŒäžå «ä¹å ïŒ
幎ã®ãã§ãããµã®èŸä»»åŸãææ²»äžåäž
ïŒäžä¹ãåïŒå¹Žããã¯å€©å¿ãäœåæŽçã«æºã
ãã倩å¿ã¯ææ²»ååäžïŒäžä¹äžãïŒå¹Žããã¯
äžåœã»æ¥æ¬çŸè¡éšé·ãšããŠåèµåã®æ¡å ã«
åªãããããããŠãã¹ãã³çŸè¡é€šã«ã¯ãã西
æŽäººã®ç解ã®ããã«æ¥æ¬çŸè¡ã®æŽå²ã瀺
ããïŒå€©å¿ïŒããšãç®çãšãããäœç³»çã§ç¶²
çŸ çãªäžå€§æ¥æ¬çŸè¡ã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã圢æã
ããã®ã§ããã
æ¬å±ã®èŠæã¯ãåœå®çŽã®ä»ç»ããé·è°·å·
ç䌯ã尟圢å ç³ã®å±é¢šãäŒè€è¥å²ã®æ軞ãª
ã©æ°å€ãããç¹ã«åšå€äºå€§çµµå·»ãšããŠç¥ã
ãããåå倧è£å ¥å絵巻ããšã平治ç©èªçµµ
å·»ãã¯ããã®è³Œå ¥ãå¥æ©ãšãªã£ãŠå€çŸè¡å
çã®æµ·å€æµåºãé²æ¢ãããéèŠçŸè¡åçã
ä¿åãé¢ã¹ã«æ³åŸããå¶å®ãããç¹ã§èå³
æ·±ãããŸãã修埩åŸäžçåå ¬éã®ãé²éŸå³ã
ãå§ããè¿å¹Žåè©äŸ¡ã®é²ãæœæèçœã®éžå
矀ã¯å èŠã®æã瀺ããŠå§å·»ã§ããã
æ¬å±ã§èª°ããèããããããã®ã¯ãçŸè¡
åã®æ£éžé²æ¢ãæµ·å€æµåºãçãã ãšããé
説ã§ããããã¡ãããåœæã¯çŸè¡åã®æµ·å€
茞åºã¯å€è²šç²åŸã®ããã«å¥šå±ãããŠããã
ãããã¯æµ·å€ã§ä¿åãããªããã°åœå ã§ã¯
æ¶å€±ããŠããå¯èœæ§ãé«ãããšã¯ååã«è
ãã¹ãã³çŸè¡é€š
âæ¥æ¬çŸè¡ã®è³å®å±
ç±³ãã¹ãã³çŸè¡é€šã¯ããæ±æŽçŸè¡ã®æ®¿å ã
ãšç§°ãããäžã§ãäžãäžç¹ãè¶ ããæ¥æ¬çŸ
è¡ã®åèµåã¯æµ·å€éäžã®è³ªãšéãèªã£ãŠã
ãããã®å ãåœå®ã»éèŠæå財çŽã®å³éžã
ããçŽä¹ãç¹ã®ååã«ããããã¹ãã³çŸè¡
通
âæ¥æ¬çŸè¡ã®è³å®ãå±ããæ±äº¬ãåå€
å±ãçŠå²¡ã倧éªãéåž°ãå·¡åäžã§ããã
ããç¥ãããŠããããã«ãææ²»ç¶æ°åŸã®
æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ã西æŽçè¿ä»£åãæ¥ãããŸãã«äŒ
çµ±çãªå€çŸè¡åã¯éåžžã«è»œèŠãããŠããã
ç¹ã«ææ²»æ¿åºã«ããå»ä»æ¯é什ã«ãããä»
ç»ãä»åã¯å€æ°ç Žå£ããã窮ä¹ãã寺é¢ã¯
貎éãªå¯ºå®ãææŸããã°ãªããªãã£ããå®
éã«ãçŸåšã¯åœå®ã§ããå¥è¯ã»èçŠå¯ºã®äº
éå¡ã§ããã売ãã«åºããèªã«ããããã«
ãªã£ãã»ã©ã§ããã
ããããæ··ä¹±ã®äžã§ãææ²»åäž
ïŒäžå «äžå «ïŒå¹Žã«æ±äº¬å€§åŠã§æ¿æ²»åŠã»å²åŠã
æããããã«æ¥æ¥ããã¢ãŒãã¹ãã»ãã§ã
ããµã¯ãæ¥æ¬çŸè¡ã®é åã«éçŒãã調æ»ç
究ãé²ãããšå ±ã«äžãããç¹ä»¥äžãåéã
ãããŸããææ²»åäºïŒäžå «å «äºïŒå¹Žã«æ¥æ¥
ãããŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ãã²ããŒããè³ç£å®¶ãšã
ãŠãã§ãããµãšååããŠçŽåäžäžãããç¹
ãåéããããã®äºäººãå©ããã®ãããã§
ãããµã«æ±å€§ã§è«é¶ãåããè¥ãæéšçå®
åã岡å倩å¿ã§ããã圌çã¯æ¥éã«å€±ãã
ã€ã€ããæ¥æ¬ã®äŒçµ±çŸè¡ãåè©äŸ¡ããåœé
ãŠãããäŸãã°ãåéæå¯ãæãããé¡ã®
åããäžæ芳山ãéµéŽå³ããå±±å æ¥æãå¯å£«
äºé¡ããåšç°æºªä»ã颚ç¥é·ç¥ãã岞é£å±±ãéŸ
èå³ãã岞竹å ãéæèŠèä»äººå³ãã¯ãå·Š
å³ã§åœ¢æ ãè²åœ©ã察æ¯ãããçµµç»ãªãã§ã¯
ã®ç¬ç¹ãªé 圢çãªãºã ãçã¿åºããŠããã
ãŸããäžå³¶æ¥ç« ãæŠçšæ¡æºå³ãã¯ãæ¡æºé·
ã«è¿·ã蟌ãã æŒåž«ãšãã®è¹ãå¥ç»é¢ã«æã
ããšã§ç©èªã®é²è¡ãæ瀺ããŠããã
第äžéšããæããã®ææŠ
âã»ããã®çŸã
ã§ã¯ãäºç¹ä»¥äžã®è€æ°äœåãäžæãã§äžäœ
åã§ããé£äœçãå±ç€ºãããŠãããäŸãã°ã
éæææãè¿æ±å «æ¯å³ããäŒæ±æ·±æ°Žãè¿æ±
å «æ¯ãã®åæçµµããå°èç°éæš¹ãåå£èè±
å³ãã®åå£çµµãäžå³¶æ¥ç« ãåäºã¶æå³ãã®
æ次絵ã¯ã空éã®å€åãæéã®æšç§»ãè€æ°
ã®ç»é¢ã§ç¹çŽ°ãã€å€§èã«è¡šçŸããŠããã
ãã¡ãããããããè€æ°äœåã«ããçµã¿
åããã®çŸã¯ãæ¥æ¬çŸè¡ã ãã«éãããã
ã®ã§ã¯ãªããããããäžè¬ã«è¥¿æŽçŸè¡ã¯äž»
客ãåé¢ãããäžæã®çµµç»ãéããããäž
ã€ã®äžçãšããŠå®çµãããåŸåããããã
ãã«å¯Ÿããèªç¶ãšäººéãåãéãŠãã«é£ç¶
çã«æããæ¥æ¬çæåæ§ã¯ãããããè€æ°
äœåãçµã¿åãããçŸæèãšéåžžã«çžæ§ã®
è¯ããã®ã§ããããšã¯ç¢ºãã§ããããã®ã
ãšã¯ãç»æ³ã圢åŒé¢ã§è¥¿æŽåãé²ãè¿ä»£æ¥
æ¬ç»ã«ãããŠããªãæçã«æããããããš
ã瀺ãããšããã«ãæ¬å±ã®ããäžã€ã®é å
ããã£ããšèšããã ããã
å±èŠ§äŒè©âExhibition Review
æ»è³çç«è¿ä»£çŸè¡é€š
ã
äºãäžäºå¹Žåæäžåæ¥ïœå æäžæ¥
æ±äº¬åœç«åç©é€š
ã
äºãäžäºå¹Žäžæäºãæ¥ïœå æäžãæ¥
åå€å±ãã¹ãã³çŸè¡é€š
ãïŒåæïŒäºãäžäºå¹Žå æäºäžæ¥ïœä¹æäžäžæ¥
ãïŒåŸæïŒäºãäžäºå¹Žä¹æäºä¹æ¥ïœäžäºæä¹æ¥
ä¹å·åœç«åç©é€š
ã
äºãäžäžå¹Žäžæäžæ¥ïœäžæäžäžæ¥
倧éªåžç«çŸè¡é€š
ã
äºãäžäžå¹Žåæäºæ¥ïœå æäžå æ¥
13
æ亥èµãŠã§ããµã€ããhttp://inuigura.web.fc2.com/
ã°ãŒã°ã«ã»ã¢ãŒããããžã§ã¯ãã«
æ¥æ¬ååå
äºãäžäžå¹Žäºæäºæ¥ã«ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒããã
æ€çŽ¢å€§æã®ã°ãŒã°ã«ç€Ÿã¯ãäžçäžã®ãã¥ãŒ
ãžã¢ã åã³ãã®æèµåããªã³ã©ã€ã³ã§å ¬é
ããç¡æãµãŒãã¹ãã°ãŒã°ã«ã»ã¢ãŒããã
ãžã§ã¯ãããå§åããã
ããã¯ãæ¢ã«ã°ãŒã°ã«ã»ãããã§çšãã
ããŠããçŸå Žããã©ãåçã«ããã¹ããªãŒ
ããŽã¥ãŒæ©èœãå±å ã«ãé©çšãã通å ãç»
é¢äžã§ç§»åãã€ã€ãæ°ã«å ¥ã£ãäœåã解説
ä»ãã®é«è§£å床åçã§éè³ã§ããããã«ã
ããã®ã§ãã£ãã第äžåŒŸãšããŠãç±³ã¡ãã
ããªã¿ã³çŸè¡é€šãäŒãŠãã£ãã£çŸè¡é€šçã
欧米ã®äžäžé€šã»çŽäžãããç¹ãå ¬éãããã
äºãäžäºå¹Žåæåæ¥ã«ã¯ã第äºåŒŸãšããŠã
ã¢ãžã¢ããªã»ã¢ãã¢ãäžæ±ãåç±³çã«ã察象
通ãæ¡å€§ãããäžäºäžé€šã»äžããããç¹ä»¥äž
ãå ¬éããããæ¥æ¬ããã¯ã足ç«çŸè¡é€šã倧
åçŸè¡é€šãåœç«è¥¿æŽçŸè¡é€šããµã³ããªãŒçŸè¡
通ãæ±äº¬åœç«åç©é€šãããªãã¹ãã³çŸè¡é€šã®
å 通ãåå ãããããã«ãããå通ãæèµã
ãåœå®äžå ç¹ã»éèŠæå財äºäžç¹ãå«ããçŸ
è¡äœåäºå äžç¹ããããäžã§é²èŠ§å¯èœã«ãªã£
ãããŸããæ±äº¬åœç«åç©é€šãšè¶³ç«çŸè¡é€šã¯
ã¹ããªãŒãïŒãã¥ãŒãžã¢ã ïŒãŽã¥ãŒæ©èœã«ã
察å¿ãã通å ïŒè¶³ç«çŸè¡é€šã¯åºåãïŒã®ãŽã¡ãŒ
ãã£ã«å»»èŠ§ãå¯èœã§ããã
ããã«ãåãããžã§ã¯ãã§ã¯ãåå 通ã«
ãã£ãŠã¯äžç¹ãã€ãäžãåç»çŽ ã®è¶ é«è§£å
床åçãå ¬éããŠãããåœå ã§ã¯ãæ±äº¬åœ
ç«åç©é€šã®ç©éç§é Œçã芳æ¥å³å±é¢šãïŒå®€çº
ãå®åæ¡å±±æ代ïŒãšã足ç«çŸè¡é€šã®æšªå±±å€§èŠ³
äœãçŽ èãïŒäžä¹äžäžå¹ŽïŒããã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªã£
ãŠããããºãŒã æ©èœã«ããèçŒã§ã¯äžå¯èœ
ãªçŽ°éšãŸã§ç¢ºèªã§ããããããŠãåãã
ãžã§ã¯ãã§ã¯ãæ°ã«å ¥ã£ãäœåãå人çã«
ç·šéããããã€ã®ã£ã©ãªãŒãæ©èœããåã
ç»å®¶ã»å¹Žä»£ã»çš®é¡ã®äœåãæ€çŽ¢ããæ©èœã®
ã«ãŒãŽã«çŸè¡é€šãš
ãã³ãã³ããŒ3DS
äºãäžäºå¹Žåæäžäžæ¥ã«ãä»ããªã®ã«ãŒ
ãŽã«çŸè¡é€šã¯ã任倩å ã®ããã³ãã³ããŒ
3DSãã䜿ã£ãæ°ãã通å æ¡å ãéå§ããã
ããã³ãã³ããŒ3DSãã¯ã任倩å ã
äºãäžäžå¹Žäºæäºå æ¥ããäžçäžã§è²©å£²ã
ãŠããææ°ã®æºåž¯åã²ãŒã æ©ããDSãã¯
ãDual Screen
ïŒäºã€ã®ç»é¢ïŒãã®ç¥ã§ãæ¬äœ
ã¯çžŠäžã»åãã暪äžäžã»åããåãäºã»äžã
ã®æç³ã¿åŒã§ãããéãã¯äºäžäºïœãšè»œ
éãéããäžç»é¢ããäžã»äºäžåã®èŠå·®ã
ãªã¢æ¹åŒã¯ã€ã3D液æ¶ãã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ïŒçŽ
äžå äžäžäžè²ã衚瀺å¯èœïŒã«ãªã£ãŠããã
å°çšã¡ã¬ããæããªããŠã裞çŒã§ç«äœæ å
ã楜ãããããšã倧ããªç¹åŸŽãšããŠããã
ä»åå°å ¥ãããããªãŒãã£ãªã¬ã€ãã»ã«ãŒ
ãŽã«ã»ãã³ãã³ããŒ3DSãã¯ãå通ãšä»»
倩å ãå ±åã§éçºããå°çšã¬ã€ããœããã
å èµãã3DSãçšãããã®ã§ãæ¬æ¥ã¯ã²ãŒ
ã çšã«éçºãããæ©äœããã®é«æ§èœãè©äŸ¡
ãããŠå¥ã®çšéã§æŽ»çšãããç¹ãèå³æ·±ãã
ãŸãã3DSã®ç¹æ§ãçãããŠãé³å£°ã®
ã¿ãªãããç«äœæ åãåç»è¡šç€ºã«ããå€è§ç
ãªæ¡å ãå®çŸããåŸæ¥ã®åäžæ©èœåã®é³å£°ã¬
ã€ãæ©ããã®åæ¿ãã§ããç¹ã泚ç®ãããã
åã¬ã€ãã§ã¯ãç»åãé³å£°ã§äžãã以äž
ã®äœåãå±ç€ºå®€ã解説ããããç»åã¯é«è§£
å床åçãå€çšãããºãŒã æ©
èœã§çŽ°éšãŸã§æ¡å€§ãå¯èœããŸ
ãã建ç©ã®æ§é ã«ããçŸå®ã«
ã¯èŠãããªãç«äœäœåã®èé¢
ããã£ã¹ãã¬ã€äžã§åã蟌ã
ã§èŠãããšãã§ããã
ç¹çãã¹ãã¯ãäœçœ®æ€çŽ¢æ©
èœã«ãããå©çšè ã®çŸåšäœçœ®
ã通å å°å³ã§ç¢ºèªã§ããã
ãšã§ããããŸããå°å³ã§ã¯
äž»èŠäœåãç®ç«ã€ããã«è¡š
å å®ãå³ãããŠããã
ãããŸã§ãåœå ã§ã¯ãæ¥æ¬çŸè¡ã®ç»åã¢ãŒ
ã«ã€ãŽäºæ¥ãšããŠããæåéºç£ãªã³ã©ã€ã³ãã
ãeåœå®ãçã®åçµã¿ããã£ããããããåœå
çŸè¡é€šã®æèµäœåãäžçå ±éèŠæ Œã®ãã©ãã
ãã©ãŒã ã§å ¬éãããã®ã¯ãä»åã®ã°ãŒã°ã«ã»
ã¢ãŒããããžã§ã¯ããåããŠã§ããã
ãã®ããã«ãèªå® ã«å± ãªããã«ããŠäžç
äžã®çŸè¡äœåãéè³ã§ããããšã¯ããŸãçŽ
æŽãããããšã§ããããŸããæ¥æ¬ã®æåã
çŸè¡äœåããåºãäžçäžã®äººã ã«æ å ±çºä¿¡
ãããããšãæãŸãããããžã¿ã«åã¯æ代
ã®è¶šå¢ã§ãããæå財ãçŸè¡äœåã人é¡å š
äœã®å ±æ財ç£ãšããŠæªæ¥ã®äžä»£ã«ç¶æ¿ãã
ãããšã¯é«ãè©äŸ¡ãã¹ãã§ããã
ããããããããããžã¿ã«æè¡ã¯ããããŸ
ã§ãå®ç©éè³ãšã¯ç°è³ªãªå¥ç©ã§ããããã®è£
å©ã«éããªãããšãã¯ã£ãããšèªèãã¹ãã
ãããäŸãã°ãã©ãã»ã©ç²Ÿå·§ãªç»åã§ãã£ãŠ
ãããµã€ãºãç°ãªãã°äœåå šäœã®å°è±¡ãç°ãª
ããã©ãã»ã©é«è§£å床ã§ãã£ãŠãããã£ã¹ã
ã¬ã€äžã§ã¯è¡šé¢ã®åŸ®çŽ°ãªããã£ãšãŒã«ã¯åçŸ
ãããªãããšã¯ã誰ããäžè¬ã«çµéšããäºå®
ã§ããããã¯ããèžè¡äœåã®éè³ã¯ãå®ç©ã«
觊ããããšããã第äžãšãããã
瀺ãããèªåã§èªç±ã«ã«ãŒããèšå®ã§ãã
ä»ããã¢ãã»ãªã¶ãããããã®ãŽã£ãŒãã¹ã
çã®ä»£è¡šäœåãå·¡ããã¢ãŒãçšæãããŠã
ããå
ã¬ã€ãã¯çŸåšãæ¥æ¬èªãå«ãäžã¶åœèª
ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããè¿æ¥äžã«ãã©ã³ã¹èªæ話ã«ã察
å¿äºå®ãäžè¬æéã¯äºãŠãŒãïŒçŽäºäžãåïŒ
ã§ã誰ã§ãå©çšããããšãã§ããã
éããé³å£°ã¬ã€ãæ©ãéŠããã¶ãäžããŠ
æ©ã代ããã«ãæ軜ã«æã¡éã¹ãå°åã®èŠ
èŽèŠã¬ã€ãæ©ãç»å ŽããããšããŸãåã³ã
ãããŸããåºå€§ãªé€šå ãè¿·ã£ããäœåãèŠ
èœãšãããããã«å»»èŠ§ã§ããããšããç¹ã«
é«éœ¢è ã»èº«éè ãæµ·å€æ è¡è ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯æ
çã§ãããã
ãã ããããšãã©ãã»ã©åªããã¬ã€ãæ©
ã§ããããããã£ããçŸå Žã§å®ç©ãç®ã®åã«
ããŠããã®ã«ãå°ããªãã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ç»é¢ã°ã
ãèŠã蟌ããããªããšãããã°æ¬æ«è»¢åã§ã
ããããžã¿ã«æè¡ã®é²æ©ã¯ãã°ãŒã°ã«ã»ã¢ãŒ
ããããžã§ã¯ãã«é¢ããŠãšåæ§ã«ããããèž
è¡éè³ã«ãããå®äœéšã®éèŠæ§ãããæµ®ãã³
äžãããããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã ãããïŒ
ããããäžã§ãæ¥æ¬ã®ããžã¿ã«æè¡ãã
äžçã§æãæ¥é€šè æ°ã®å€ãçŸè¡é€šã®äžã€ã«
åãå ¥ããããããšã¯ç€ºåã«å¯ããé«åºŠãª
æè¡åã¯ãã¡ãããèžè¡äœåãžã®ç¹çŽ°ãªæ
åæ§ãšéè³è ãžã®çŽ°ãããªå¿é ãããã¯ã
æ¥æ¬äººãæãåŸæãšããåéã®äžã€ã§ãã
ããã«æãããããã§ããã
æè©âReview
on current events
ã°ãŒã°ã«ã»ã¢ãŒããããžã§ã¯ãïŒåçæäŸã»GoogleïŒ
ãªãŒãã£ãªã¬ã€ãã»ã«ãŒãŽã«ã»ãã³ãã³ããŒ3DSïŒåçæäŸã»ä»»å€©å ïŒïŒcïŒ2012 musee du Louvre - Olivier Ouadah
12
æ亥èµãŠã§ããµã€ããhttp://inuigura.web.fc2.com/
äºä»£åœè² ãçåçŸäººé¡æ°ååè§çºçš²æ¬æ¥Œãå°çš²ãææ²»å ïŒ1868ïŒå¹Ž
é«æ©ç±äž ãè±éãææ²»5ïŒ1872ïŒå¹Ž
çŸäººç»
ã
åèŠ
é«æ©ç±äžïŒææ¿åäžã»äžå «äºå «ãææ²»äºåäžã»äžå «ä¹åïŒã¯ãå¹æ«ã»ææ²»æã®æŽç»å®¶ã
å¹æ«ã«è¥¿æŽè£œç³çç»ã§èŠã西æŽç»æ³ã®åå®æ§ã«è¡æãåãã油圩ç»ãçŸè¡å¶åºŠãæ¥æ¬ã«ç§»æ€ãã
ããšç涯尜åãããæ¥æ¬è¿ä»£æŽç»ã®ç¶ãšåŒã°ããä»ã®ä»£è¡šäœã«ãåæã«ããªã£ãéèŠæå財æå®ã®
ãé®ãïŒäžå «äžäžå¹ŽïŒçãããã
ææ²»äºïŒäžå «äžäºïŒå¹Žåæäºå «æ¥ä»ã®ãæ±äº¬æ¥æ¥æ°èãã«ãããšãç±äžã¯å µåº«äžé«ªã®åšŒåŠã®æ²¹åœ©
ç»ãæããŠããããããéèŠæå財æå®ã®ãè±éãïŒäžå «äžäºå¹ŽïŒãšæšå®ãããŠããã
æãããŠããã®ã¯ãæ°ååã»çš²æ¬æ¥Œã®ãåŒã³åºããïŒæé«çŽã®è±éïŒã§ãåœæäºåäžæ³é ã®å代
ç®å·Šè¿å°çš²ãäžè¬ã«ã¯ãŸã çã
ãã£ã油圩ç»ã®ã¢ãã«ãç±äžã
æ¢ããæãåŒãåããã®ã¯å°çš²
ã ãã§ãã£ãã
ãšãããããã®å°çš²ã§ããã
æµ®äžçµµã®ããã«é¡ååãããçŸ
人ç»ãæåŸ ããŠãããããå®æ
ããæ¬äœãèŠãŠãããŸãã®çã
ããã«ãç§ã¯ãããªé¡ãããã
ãŸããããšæ³£ããŠæã£ããšããã
çŸåšã®ç®ããèŠãã°ãã¡ããšçŸ
人ã«æãããŠããã®ã§ãç±äžã®
åå®çãªçŸæèãããã«æ代ã
å åãããŠãããã瀺ããšã
ãœãŒãã§ãããã
ã¡ãªã¿ã«ããã®å幎åã«ãå
ãå°çš²ãæããæå·åœè²ïŒäºä»£ïŒ
ã®æµ®äžçµµãå·Šã®äœåã§ããã
äžæ¥ããšã«å€ã®èšªããæããå£ç¯ã«ãªããŸã
ãããæ¥æ¬çŸè¡æ°èãã®ç¬¬åå·ããéãèŽããŸãã
æ¬å·ã®æè©ã¯ãã©ã¡ããããžã¿ã«æè¡ãšèžè¡
éè³ã®åé¡ãæ±ãããšã«ãªããŸããããã£ã¹
ãã¬ã€äžã«æ ãåºãããè¶ é«è§£å床åçã«ã¯ã
ãããšæ¯ãåãã°ããã§ãã
ãããããã¯ãèçŒä»¥äžã«é®®æã§äŸ¿å©ãªç»é¢
ãèŠãŠãããšãããã¯äœãç°è³ªãªå¥ç©ãèŠãŠã
ãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšããææ šãçãŸããŸãããã¬
ãæŸéãç»å ŽããŠãéçã®èŠ³æŠã«ã¯æ°ããã¹ã¿
ã€ã«ãä»ãå ãããŸããããããã§ããŸãèžè¡
ã®éè³ã«äœãæ°ããã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãä»ãå ããã€ã€
ããã®ãããããŸããã
å°çŽã¯ãããããæè¡ã®çºéã¯ååã«è©äŸ¡ã
ã€ã€ãããã§ããã¯ãå®äœéšãšããèžè¡éè³ã®
åºæ¬ãããåžžã«äžçªå€§åãªã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšèã
ãŠããŸãã
ïŒç·šééšäžåïŒ
å é°ç¢ã®åŠããæ©ããã®ã§ãäºãäžäºå¹Žãã
ãå幎ãéããŸãããææ¥ã®æµãã®æ©ãã«ãæ¹
ããŠé©ããŸããããããã¢ãã¯æéãè¶ ããŠå
ãç¶ãããŠãããŸãããŸããçŸã¯æ°žé ãžãšã€ãª
ãã£ãŠããŸãããã€ãããã®ãããªããšãèã
ãŠç·šéäœæ¥ã«åãçµãã§ããŸãã
ïŒïŒïŒ
æ¥æ¬çŸè¡æ°è瀟ã®å ¬åŒãŠã§ããµã€ããç«ã¡äžã
ãŸãããããã¯ãã³ããŒãç¡æã§é²èŠ§ããŠé ãã
ãšãã§ããŸãããŸãããã§ã€ã¹ããã¯ã§ãæ¥æ¬çŸ
è¡æ°è瀟ã®å ¬åŒããŒãžãå ¬éããŠãããŸããç·šé
éšäžåãçæ§ã®ã蚪åãå¿ãããåŸ ã¡ç³ãäžããŠ
ãããŸããïŒhttp://w
ww.n-artjournal.com
/
ïŒãïŒïŒ¡ïŒ
ç·šéåŸèš
æžè©âBook Review
åäœïŒæ©å·å
ã挫ç»ïŒé£æäžäºº
ç£ä¿®ã»ååïŒæšæå®æ
ãç§ã¯å©äŒãé
è±ç€Ÿ
ãäºãäžäºå¹Žã
è¶éãã³ã¬ã®äžçã«åžéŠ¬éŒå€ªéçãªã
ã³ã¬ãç§ã¯å©äŒããããããããçãšèšã
ã®ã¯ãæŽå²å°èª¬ã®äœè£ããšããªãããå²
å®ãæããããŠæ°é®®ã§åºæ¿çãªæŽå²åŠã
å±éããåžéŠ¬éŒå€ªéã«äŒŒãŠããªãããšã
ãããšã ãããç§ã¯å©äŒããèªäºãããšãã
ãã®äžåãè¶éã®ã¿ãªããæŽå²ãã³ã¬ã
æ¬è³ªããåãçŽãå¥æ©ã«ãªããããããª
ããšæããã®ã§ããã
èšããŸã§ããªããç§ã¯å©äŒãã¯ãã³ã¬æ¬
ã§ãããåŸã£ãŠãããã«è¡šçŸãããããšã
ãã®ãŸãŸå²å®ãäºå®ãšããŠãšãããããšã¯
ã§ããªãããããããããŸã§ã®ãã³ã¬ãžã®
èŠç¹ãããã€ããããããããç§ã¯å©äŒãã
å²å®ãäºå®ã粟å¯ã«æ€èšŒããŠãããããã
ã³ã¬ã«èšããŠãããšããããç«ã¡èªã¿ã§ãª
ã身æ§ããŠèªãŸãªããã°ãªããªãã ããã
åžéŠ¬éŒå€ªéãå°èª¬ã®éçãè¶ ããŠäººã
ã®æ¯æãåŸãããã«ããç§ã¯å©äŒãããã³
ã¬ã®è² ã®éšåãéçãããããã«ãããã
ããšè¶ ãããã«æãããã®ã§ããããæè©®ã
ãã³ã¬æ¬ãªã®ã§ãããããšããå ãªãæ¹å€
ãäœåºŠãæµ®ããã ããæ¶ãå»ã£ãã
è¶éãã³ã¬ã§ããã°ãããžãããã®ãïŒå±±
ç°è³è£èã»è¬è«ç€Ÿã»äºããäºå¹ŽãïŒãå è¡ãã
ããžãããã®ãããã³ã¬ã ããèš±ããã
ãèããéèŠãããç§ã¯å©äŒããéºäŒåã«ã
ãåçãšããããããŠãã³ã¬çãªææ³ã
æ¡çšããªãããããã«ãã£ãŠéçŸå®ãªéšå
ãåçãããèšèãå°œãããŠãè¶éã®æ¬è³ª
ïŒäºå®ã®æ·è¡ãè©Šã¿ãŠããæ§åãæãã
ã«ãªã£ãã
æšæå®æ ïŒç£ä¿®ã»ååïŒã®ã³ã©ã ã®å·æ
ãããã³ã¬çã§ã¯ãªãããç§ã¯å©äŒãã®å
éçãªéšåã¯ãæšæå®æ ã®å©èšã§ã¯ãªãã
ãšã¿ãŠãããæšæã®è±å¯ãªç¥èãšé«ãèŠè
ãšã¯å°åžžã§ã¯ãªãã圌ãããŒã ã«å ããåº
ç瀟ã®æ §çŒã«æåããèŠããã
ããžãããã®ãã¯ãå·»é ïŒå «é ç®ïŒã§ãèœ
æžããããããããšç¹éšã®å£äžãä¿¡é·ã«é®
ãããŠããããã®ãããã«ããèœæžããïŒè
æ¯ïŒã軜èŠãããåŠã軜èŠãããå±±ç°ãã
ãããã ã
ããžãããã®ãã§å±±ç°ã¯ãäž»ããç»å Žäºº
ç©ãè²åãããŠã¿ãããå€ç°å·Šä»ïŒç¹éšïŒ
ã°ãªãŒã³ïŒããŒã·ã¢ã³ãç¹ç°ä¿¡é·ã¬ãã
ïŒãã©ãã¯ãåå®æïŒå©äŒïŒãã©ãã¯ã矜
æŽç§åãŽãŒã«ããææºå ç§ããŒãã«ãã
ããŠå©äŒã®ãã©ãã¯ïŒé»è¶ç¢ïŒã«å¯Ÿããç§
åã«ãé»ãšããè²ã¯åªã«æãè²ã âŠâŠæ»
ãåžãè²ã ïŒäžç¥ïŒäœããä»çŒããããã
é»ãäœãã®ã ããããªãã®ã¯ã²ã»ã³ãªè
ããé«è²Žãªè ãŸã§èª°ã欲ãããã¬ãã
âŠâŠæãããŠããã ããããšããçå
ãé ã®ãªãã§è¥å€§ãããæ¥æ¬ã®äŒçµ±çãª
è²æåã®ãªãã§é»è²ãå·éã«æ€èšŒãããª
ããé»ã¯ãã£ãšã倧åãããªãã¡æ£åŒãª
è²ã ãšç解ããããåªæãé»ãªã®ããæ»
è ã«å¯ŸããŠçããè ã瀌ãå°œãããŠãã
ããã§ãããå ·äœçã«ã¯ãå äžã®åäœä»¥
äžãæ£åã«ççšããæ垯ã®äžè¡£ã¯é»è¢ã§
ãããé»ã¯å©äŒã®å°å£²ã§ãªãããŸããŠã
å±±ç°ã®èšãäžåãªè²ã§ã¯æ±ºããŠãªããå±±
ç°ã®ç®ç·ããé»ããã§ã¯ããªããã
ç®ãäºåã®ç¬¬äžå·»ãã¿ãããè¶ç¢ãã®
æ±ãã«è»¢ããããå±±ç°ã¯ãä¿¡é·ã®åšäžæ代
ãã§ã«ç€ŸäŒçŸè±¡çãªæåãããããŠããã
ãç§ã¯å©äŒãã®åè¡æ¬ã®çºå£²ãè³ã«ãããš
ããäºå¹ç®ã®æ³¥é°ãããã£ãå®æãªäŒç»ã
ãããšæã£ããããããäºèŠã¯èŠäºã«ã¯ã
ãããäºåã¯ç«ã¡äœçœ®ãç°ã«ããŠããããç§
ã¯å©äŒãã¯ãåºçºã«éãããã£ã·ããšæé
ããããŠå 容ãåå³ããŠãããããã¯ãã³
ã¬åã®ããã§ã¯ãªããçå£ã«æ£é¢ããè¶é
ã«åãçµãã æéã®æ°žããšèšã£ãŠããã
ãç§ã¯å©äŒãã®äžã«ãããäžã€ã®å°è©ã«
ã¯ãè¶ã®ç¥é«ãæ£ãã°ããããŠããããã
ãæ¡çšããåºç瀟ã®åžæãªç®ç·ã«æåã
ãèŠããã
ãšã¯èšããããžãããã®ãããå€ç°ç¹éš
ãçŸä»£ã«èçãããå瞟ã¯çã 倧ã§ããã
å²å®ã®æ€èšŒãå±ããã®ãšã¯å¥ã«ã ãèè ã®
å±±ç°è³è£ãšã¯äžé¢èããªãããã¢ããã¹ã
ãªåŸ¡ä»ã§ãããããšã¯ããç§ãä»æ¬²ããã®
ã¯ç¹éšé»ãšãã鯚ã®ãããªè¶ç¢ã§ããã®ç¬
çœã§å åã«ç¥ããã
å€ç°ç¹éšã®ïœ¢
ãžãããã®ïœ£
ã¯ãæ ¶é·å幎
ïŒäžäºä¹ä¹ïŒã«ç¹éšãè¶äŒã§çšããè¶ç¢ã®èš
é²ããã»ãè¶ç¢ã
ãããåä¹ã
ããŠã±ã¢ã
ä¹ãïŒå®æ¹æ¥èšïŒãåèŠãšãããå±±ç°ã¯ãå²
å®ãäºæ«åããŠããžãããã®ããæµè¡èªã«
ããç¹éšã®åæ§ãéç«ãŠãåæ§çãªçŸæè
ã謳ããããã
å©äŒãšç¹éšã«ã¯ãæ¿æ²»çãªæš©åè ã«èªå
ããããããšããå ±éã®åæ¯ããããå©äŒ
ã¯ç§åãç¹éšã¯å®¶åº·ãæ¿éãšè¶éãäžã€ã§
ãã£ã蚌ã§ããããçµæã¯ãå©äŒã®æ»ã®ã¿
ãè¬ãšããŠè³ç®ããã€ããç¹éšã®ããã¯ã
è±è£æ¹ãžã®å éã ãšç°¡åã«åŠçãããŠã
ãããšãããããžãããã®ãã«ãã£ãŠç¹éš
ã¯å®ç§ã«åŸ©æš©ãããç¹éšèªåãå±±ç°ãçµç«
ã§ã©ã®ããã«æ±ãããå人çã«èå³ãã
ããããããã§ã¯æ·±è¿œãããªãã
ããããšã¯å¥ã«ãç«ã¡äœçœ®ã®éãäž¡è
ã®ç¬¬äžå·»ãä¿äžã«ã现éšã®ç¢ºèªãæ¥ããã
ãã®çµæããç§ã¯å©äŒãã«ä»®èšããããçã
ã®ããããããããé®®æã«ãªã£ãã
ã®ç¹éšäž»å°ã®çŸæ¿çª¯ã«ãå¿éè¶ç¢ãã®è©Šäœ
ãç»å Žãããã€ãã§å Žé¢ãé ãããŠäžè¶
é ã®äžäººã§ãã£ãå©äŒã«é·æ¬¡éã®æã«ãª
ããé»è¶ç¢ããåµããããå©äŒãäž»å°ãã
é·æ¬¡éã®ãé»è¶ç¢ãã®åºçŸã¯ã倩æ£åå幎
ïŒäžäºå «å ïŒã®ãå®æ圢ã®è¶ã¯ã³ãïŒæŸå±äŒèšïŒ
åã³ãã¯ãã€ãè¶ç¢ãïŒå€©æ£åå ã»äžäºå «å «ïŒ
ãããã«æ¯å®ããã®ãèªç¶ã§ãä¿¡é·æ代ã§
ã¯å幎匱ãªããæéãé¡ãããŠããŸããè¶
ç¢å²ã«ãšã£ãŠã埮åŠãªãããçéã§ããª
ãéèŠãªãã€ã³ãã ãããããã«å¿éè¶ç¢
ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãæãæ°ããè¶ç¢å²ããäºå幎
ã«ãããæžæ¡ã§ãã£ããå¿éè¶ç¢ãã®åµå§
åé¡ã«çµè«ãäžãããæ ¶é·äžå¹ŽïŒäžäºä¹å «ïŒ
以éãããªãã¡å©äŒãèªåããŠã®ã¡äžå¹Žã
éãŠãç§åã®æ»ãæãããã®ããã«ãç¹éš
äž»å°ã«ããããžããè¶ç¢ãïŒå¿éïŒã¯åºçŸã
ãã®ã§ããããããžãããç¹éšè¶ç¢ã«è³ã£
ãŠã¯ãæ ¶é·åäºå¹ŽïŒäžå ãäžïŒä»¥åŸãšèã
ãããŠãããèå€åŠã®ææããµãŸããåºæ¿
çãªå€æã ã£ãããã£ããã³ããŒçã«ã¯
ãå©äŒã¯å¿éè¶ç¢ãã¿ãŠããªãããïŒãè¶ç¢ã
ä»ãçãããäžæ¥æ°è瀟ã»äºãäžäžå¹ŽïŒ
ç¹°ãè¿ããå±±ç°ã¯ããé»è¶ç¢ãããå¿é
è¶ç¢ããä¿¡é·æ代ã«äœµåãããŠããŸã£ãã
ããžãããã®ããç¯ããæ代è蚌ã®ãºã¬ã¯
å°ãããªããããã°æ±ºå®çãªéŠã®æãéã
ãææããªããã°ãªããªãã ããã
ä»æ¹ããç§ã¯å©äŒãã¯ã䞻圹ã®äžäººã§ã
ãéªå¹ãªã€ãã«ã楜äºå ¥ã®é»è¶ç¢ãé倱ã§
å²ãããŠããŸããããçäºçãã®æ äºãåŒã
åãã«ãè¶ã®æ¹¯ãªãã§ã¯ã®ç¥æµã§è§£æ±ºããã
ç¹°ãè¿ãã«ãªãããããžãããã®ãã®æ
åããªããã°ãç§ã¯å©äŒãã«éœãåœããã
ãšã¯ãªãã£ãããããè °ããããŠãªãããª
ãããšããç§ã¯å©äŒãã®åºçŸãããããžãã
ãã®ãã®æ§ãã³ã¬çã«å¯Ÿãããå¥èŠç¹ãã
ã®æºãæ»ãã®ããã«æãããŠãªããªããé
ããããè¶éã®çŸå ŽããèŠããŠããå©äŒ
ãããã®å§¿ãæ°ãã³ã¬çã«ããããããšã«
ãªãã®ã ããã鶎éŠããŠåŸ ã¡ããã
14