Primary Sources:

"Berlin Cenference 1885." Berlin Cenference 1885. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. <http://

www.africafederation.net/Berlin_1885.htm>.

This site includes primary sources such as land treaties as well as first-hand accounts of

African and European reactions to the colonization of Africa. These sources were very helpful

because they provide different perspectives of peoples’ thoughts on European imperialism of

Africa, which will be useful in our project.

"Berlin Conference 1884 1885." Berlin Conference 1884 1885. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2013.

<http://www.cabinda.net/Berlin_Conference.htm>.

This source includes the primary source documents, the Convention Revising the General

Act of Berlin (February 26, 1885) and the General Act and Declaration of Brussels (July 2,1890)

which gave the European nations free trade and transportation throughout Africa. Furthermore, it

states the countries controlling the African lands are responsible for watching over the natives,

improving their lives, morals, and the suppression of slavery. These will be very helpful in our

project, because we can use them to compare what European countries were supposed to do and

what actually occurred as a result of the Berlin Conference.

"Example of Stanley's Congo Treaties." Example of Stanley's Congo Treaties. N.p., n.d. Web. 1

Jan. 2014. <http://www.urome.be/fr2/ouvrag/treat.pdf>.

This primary source contains articles from Henry M. Stanley’s Congo treaties, which he

wrote for King Leopold of the Congo Free State. In these treaties, which were signed, witnessed

and agreed to, he made promises to only take land by mutual agreement, create prosperity, and

protect the African natives. We will use this in our project because the Europeans did not follow

any of these, and we will use it to compare what should have happened with what actually hap-

pened.

"Internet History Sourcebooks." Internet History Sourcebooks. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Jan. 2014.

<http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1902hobson.asp>.

This source was written by John Hobson who witnessed European imperialism of Africa,

Europe’s changes because of it, and the lack of interest regarding the effect on Africa. We will

use this source in our project because it deeply describes the causes and effects of imperialism,

which we will be discussing in our project, as well as why and how it is imperialism in Africa.

Leavitt, Charles, and Gaby Mitchell. "Companion Curriculum to Blood Diamond." Companion

Curriculum to Blood Diamond. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. <http://

www.amnestyusa.org/sites/default/files/bd_curriculumguide_0.pdf>.

This source is based upon the movie Blood Diamond, which describes life in African dia-

mond mines and the poor treatment of workers. We will use it to link the exploitation of Africans

to problems in Africa today. We will analyze the harsh conditions the Africans experienced due

to imperialism and how they are still suffering today.

"READING." E. D. Morel, The Black Man's Burden (1920). N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Jan. 2014.

<http://wadsworth.cengage.com/history_d/special_features/ilrn_legacy/

wawc2c01c/ content/wciv2/readings/wciv2readingsmorel.html>.

This primary source document is an account of many abuses in King Leopold’s Congo

Free State due to European imperialism, recorded by E.D. Morel. We will use this source in our

project to examine European supremacy over Africans and analyze the long-lasting difficulties

Africans experienced and are still experiencing due to European imperialism.

"READING." Letter from King Leopold II on the Congo (1890). N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Jan. 2014.

<http://wadsworth.cengage.com/history_d/special_features/ilrn_legacy/

wawc2c01c/ content/wciv2/readings/wciv2readingsleopold.html>.

This document is a letter from King Leopold II of the Congo Free State to the prime min-

ister, in which he expressed his primary desire of using Africa to benefit Belgium. He said it was

his duty to help the second rank humanity and use Africa to his advantage. We will use this in

our project to support that Europeans believed it was their responsibility as the superior race to

develop Africa and they believed they had a right to Africa.

"Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's Burden (1899)." Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's Burden.

N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Jan. 2014. <http://public.wsu.edu/~brians/world_civ/worldcivreader/

world_civ_reader_2/kipling.html>.

This document contains Rudyard Kipling’s The White Man’s Burden poem, which we

will relate to The Black Man’s Burden, by E.D. Morel. We will compare the content of the two,

and analyze the different motives of each group of people.

"RW ONLINE:Imperialism and AIDS in Africa." RW ONLINE:Imperialism and AIDS in Africa.

N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Dec. 2013. <http://www.revcom.us/a/v22/1060-69/1065/

aids.htm>.

This source contains narratives from Africans who experienced imperialism and the con-

ditions created in Africa because of it, which contributed to the occurrence of HIV and AIDS in

Africa. It also contains narratives of Africans with HIV or AIDS. We will use this source to

prove that European imperialism had devastating effects on Africa that are still present today.

"South Sudan: Soldiers Target Ethnic Group in Juba Fighting | Human Rights Watch." South

Sudan: Soldiers Target Ethnic Group in Juba Fighting | Human Rights Watch.

N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. <http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/12/19/south-Sudan-

soldiers-target- ethnic-group-juba-fighting>.

This primary source gives a detailed description of the terrible conditions in Sudan today,

which are lasting effects from European imperialism. Imperialism left Sudan in ruins without a

government, which led to tyrannical leaders who mistreat their people today. We will use this

source to link conditions in Sudan today to European imperialism of Africa.

"World Socialist Web Site." Belgium's Imperialist Rape of Africa -. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Jan. 2014.

<http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/1999/09/king-s06.html>.

This primary source document contains records of King Leopold’s imperial rule of the

Congo, methods of gaining wealth through rubber production, his abusive punishments, and his

impact on Africa. We will use this source in our project to show how Europeans thought they

had the right to exploit African land and resources, as well as their abuse of enslaved African

workers.

Secondary Sources:

"1750-1914 - Imperialism in Africa." 1750-1914 - Imperialism in Africa. N.p., n.d. Web. 14

Nov. 2013. <http://www2.newcanaan.k12.ct.us/education/components/scrapbook/default.php?

sectiondetailid=5501>.

This educational site provides insight regarding Africa’s land and natural resources and

why they were desired by European countries. It will be useful in our project when we explain

Europe’s belief they had a right to Africa and what they would gain from it.

“Berlin Conference: Negative Impact on Africa." Berlin Conference: Negative Impact on Africa.

N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. <http://brainmass.com/earth-sciences/environmental-

policy/320757>.

This useful article provides information about negative cultural, economic, and political

effects of the Berlin Conference on Africa. It is very important to our project because we can use

this knowledge of problems and then connect it with current problems in Africa today.

"Brief History of the Berlin Conference." Brief History of the Berlin Conference. N.p., n.d. Web.

12 Nov. 2013. <http://teacherweb.ftl.pinecrest.edu/snyderd/mwh/projects/mun-bc/

history.htm>.

This site supplies background knowledge about the Berlin Conference. It includes infor-

mation about the reason it occurred, its initial task, goals, and the colonial holdings. This will be

helpful in our project because it can be used to describe Europe’s scramble for Africa, what oc-

curred during the Berlin Conference, and how the European countries strayed from their original

goals.

"The Congo Free State." The Congo Free State. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Jan. 2014. <http://

cobweb.sfasu.edu/sbradley/Classes/homepages/Congo_Free_State/>.

This source describes the history of the Congo Free State, its rubber harvesting,

Leopold’s rule, and brutality toward the natives. We will use this in our project to support that

Europeans believed they were the superior race and could abuse and exploit Africans.

Pictures:

"Adult Literacy Project." Fitness for Africa. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2014. <https://

fitnessforafrica.org/our-projects/adult-literacy-project/>.

This image displays the adult literacy rates in Africa today, and it is found on the “Signif-

icance” page of our website.

"African Diamond Mine." Premier Mine. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/

wiki/Premier_Mine>.

This is an image of Premier Diamond Mine in Africa. It is found on the “Social Responsi-

bility” page.

"Am I not a Man and a Brother?" Am I not a Man and a Brother? N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014.

<http://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/node/17899>.

This is an image of an African asking why he is not considered an equal to the Euro-

peans. It is found on the “Social Responsibility” page.

The Berlin Conference. Project Gutenburg. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2014. <http://

www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/26424?msg=welcome_stranger>.

This is a picture of the Berlin Conference, and it will be used as the header on all of our

website pages.

The Berlin Conference. The Scramble for Africa: Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 to Divide

Africa. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. <http://wysinger.homestead.com/

berlinconference.html>.

This is an image of the Berlin Conference, and it is found on the “Home” page.

Cecil Rhodes Stands Across Africa Political Cartoon. Scramble for Africa. N.p., n.d. Web. 28

Jan. 2014. <http://martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/april2007/africa_scramble.html>.

This political cartoon displays European explorer, Cecil Rhodes, standing across Africa.

It is located on the “Home” page.

Civil and Ethnic Conflicts. The Long-run Effects of the Scramble for Africa. N.p., n.d. Web. 28

Jan. 2014. <http://www.voxeu.org/article/long-run-effects-scramble-africa>.

These maps show the violent repercussions of the random distribution of Africa land and

disregard for previously established African borders. It is found on the “Background” page.

The Congo's Wealth and Casualties. Measure Impossible. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014.

<http://conorobrien42.wordpress.com>.

This is a political cartoon of the Congo’s wealth, which went to Europeans, and the num-

ber of Africans that died in the process of gaining profit. It is found on the “Economic Responsi-

bility” page.

Diamond Mine Collapse. At Least 10 killed in Congo Diamond Mine Cave-in. N.p., n.d. Web. 29

Jan. 2014. <http://uk.fashionmag.com/news/At-least-10-killed-in-Congo-diamond-mine-

cave-in,71062.html#.UunQnJETsUs>.

This picture shows a diamond mine that collapsed and killed workers. It is found on the

“Significance” page of our website.

Distribution of African Land. Imperialism in Africa. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. <http://

www2.newcanaan.k12.ct.us/education/components/scrapbook/default.php?

sectiondetailid=5501>.

This picture shows how African land was distributed at the Berlin Conference. It is lo-

cated on the “Background” page.

Division of Africa Political Cartoon. Imperialists Divide Nigeria and South Africa. N.p., n.d.

Web. 28 Jan. 2014. <http://apimperialismproject.wikispaces.com/1)Nigeria>.

This is a political cartoon of Otto von Bismark dividing Africa among the countries at the

Berlin Conference. It is used on the “Background” page.

European Superiority. Liberal Racism = Education for War. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014.

<http://http://www.internationalist.org/nyregentsimperialism0605.html/

nyregentsimperialism0605.html>.

These images show white superiority over African Americans. They shown on the

“Home” page and the “Rights and Responsibilities” page.

Exploitation of Africa. Anti-Imperialism. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. <http://anti-

imperialism.com/2013/02/18/the-wests-war-against-african-development-contin-

ues/>.

This image shows the exploitation of Africa, and it is found on the “Home” page.

The "Feet Washing" Ceremony. Neo-colonialism, Subversion in Africa and Global Conflict.

N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014.

<http://imperialismsouthafrica-aly.wikispaces.com/file/

view/CecilRhodes.jpg/56894040/CecilRhodes.jpg>.

This picture shows Africans cleaning European mens’ feet, which displays white superi-

ority. It is found on the “Rights and Responsibilities” page.

"The General Act of Berlin." Open Library. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. <https://

openlibrary.org/books/OL7185265MConvention>.

This is a picture of the General Act of Berlin, and it is found on the “Rights and Respon-

sibilities” page.

"Global Overview." TheBody.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2014. <http://www.thebody.com/

content/art782.html>.

This image shows the life expectancy rates in Africa today. It is found on the “Signifi-

cance” page of our website.

"In the Rubber Coils." The Congo Free State – A Latifundium of Terror. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan.

2014. <http://thecivilisingmission.com/2010/04/16/the-congo-free-state-a-

latifundium-of- terror/>.

This is a metaphorical representation of how the rubber harvesting harmed Africans. It is

found on the “Home” page.

"Maps » Global Subnational Infant Mortality Rates, V1: | SEDAC." Maps » Global Subnational

Infant Mortality Rates, V1: | SEDAC. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2014. <http://

sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/povmap-global-subnational-infant-

mortality-rates/ maps>.

This is a map that shows the infant mortality rates in Africa today. It is found on the “Sig-

nificance” page of our website.

Negative Effects of Imperialism on Africa. Maz European History Blog. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan.

2014. <http://melainachapman.blogspot.com/2013_03_01_archive.html>.

This image shows grim reapers with negative effects fighting over Africa. It is found on

the “Home” page.

Nigerian Strike. Nigerian Labour Union Suspends Strike Action. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2014.

<http://www.africanliberty.org/content/nigerian-labour-union-suspends-strike-action>.

This picture shows the negative effects of imperialism, and it is found on the “Signifi-

cance” page.

Political Cartoon of Africa. 19th Century Humanities. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. <http://

ingrid19thcenturyhumanities.weebly.com/political-cartoons.html>.

This political cartoon shows grim reapers of famine, wars, and other negative effects of

imperialism fighting for Africa. It is found on the “Home Page”

"Poverty Maps on HarvestChoice | Ecostudies." Ecostudies. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2014.

<http://pvanb.wordpress.com/2012/05/09/poverty-maps-on-harvestchoice/>.

This is an image of a map displaying poverty rates in Africa today. It is found on the

“Significance” page of our website”

Severed Hands. Butcher of the Congo: King Leopold II of Belgium. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014.

<http://digitaljournal.com/blog/11297>.

This image shows victims of King Leopold II’s harsh rule, whose hands were severed for

not collecting enough rubber. It is found of the “Economic Responsibility” page.

"South Sudanese Soldiers." South Sudan rebels 'forcibly recruiting civilians' amid humanitarian

crisis. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2014. <http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/02/

south-sudan-rebels-recruiting-civilians-humanitarian-catastrophe>.

This picture shows the abuse Africans suffer today because of imperialism. It is found on

the “Significance” page.

Starving Africans. Imperialism. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. <http://theredphoenixapl.org/2011/

03/01/imperialism-a-beginner’s-guide/>.

This image shows abused and starved Africans. It is found on the “Home” page.

White Domination. 12 Real, Graphic and Disturbing Photos of Atrocities From European

Imperialism/Domination. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014.

<http://atlantablackstar.com/ 2014/01/14/12-real-graphic-and-disturbing-photos-of-

atrocities-from-european- imperialism/4/>.

This is an image of how the Europeans completely dominated the Africans. It is found on

the “Political Responsibility” page.

White Superiority. 12 Real, Graphic and Disturbing Photos of Atrocities From European

Imperialism/Domination. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014.

<http://atlantablackstar.com/ 2014/01/14/12-real-graphic-and-disturbing-photos-of-

atrocities-from-european- imperialism/4/>.

This shows British superiority over Africans in Kenya. It is found on the “Political Re-

sponsibility” page.

Videos:

A Brief History of European Colonization in Africa. YouTube. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2014.

<http://youtu.be/Pis5f085P3M>.

This video provides information about how the Europeans justified their actions by in-

venting the myth that the Africans were racially inferior and needed to be civilized. It is found on

the “Social Responsibility” page.

Congo-The Brutal History. YouTube. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2014. <http://youtu.be/

qx2Sj1fhSso>.

This video provides information about the disregard for African rights and the cruel treat-

ment of Africans. It is used on the “Rights and Responsibilities” page and the “Economic Re-

sponsibility” page.

European Imperialism in Africa. YouTube. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2014. <http://youtu.be/

OJe1W_HIWmA>.

This video provides information about European imperialism in Africa, and it is found on

the “Background” page.