NGSS & Engineering

Grades 6-12

Presented by Tehama County Department of Education

Workshop Outcomes

Participants will practice: Making visible the NGSS Performance Expectations

to supplement current curriculum and align to engineering problems.

Understanding how phenomena and driving questions work to support the implementation of the NGSS.

Understanding how the NGSS dimensions work cohesively to address Performance Expectations.

Creating their own engineering prototype.

Table Discussions

1. Look over the pictures of the different cars that were ranked as the most gas efficient between 2012-2015.

2. Discuss with your partners: What do you notice about the body design and exterior structure that you might consider add to why these cars are fuel efficient?

3. Be ready to share whole group.

BACKGROUND NGSS Performance Expectations

MS-PS 2-2Plan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object.HS-PS 2-1Analyze data to support the claim that Newton’s second law of motion describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration.MS –ETS – 1-3Analyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success.HS-ETS – 1-2Design a solution to a complex real-world problem by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable problems that can be solved through engineering.

THE PHENOMENA

What structural and exterior

design features allow these cars

to attain fuel efficiency close

to or greater than 50

miles/gallon?

Driving Question: What factors affect the speed and distance an object travels over a given time?

THE PROBLEM

Case of Our Current Affairs:

• Carbon dioxide (CO2) from burning gasoline and diesel contributes to global climate change. We can do our part to reduce climate change by reducing your carbon footprint!

• Oil is a non-renewable resource, and we cannot sustain our current rate of use indefinitely. Using it wisely now allows us time to find alternative technologies and fuels that will be more sustainable.

• Our dependence on oil makes us vulnerable to oil market manipulation and price shocks. Find out how oil dependence hurts our economy!

• Gas prices keep rising…the average American spends over $2000 for gasoline each year.

With gas prices at historic highs, engineering consultants in

automotive design and engineering are asking your team to build a car that gets 100 mpg. You will not be

responsible for changing the engine design or fuel compositions,

but for building a prototype with the best structural and design features to allow consumers to reduce their fuel costs by 50%.

SEP, DCI, CCC

Science and Engineering Practices

Asking and Defining Questions

Developing and Using Models

Planning and Carrying Out Investigations

Analyzing and Interpreting Data

Engaging in Argument from Evidence

Obtaining, Evaluating and Communicating Information

Cross Cutting Concepts Cause and Effect

Influence of Science, Engineering, and Technology on Society and the Natural World

Disciplinary Core Ideas

ETS 1B – Developing Possible Solutions

PS 2A – Forces and Motion

Direct Instruction

• Newton’s Second Law of Motion

Force = Mass x Acceleration

Acceleration = speed/time

Speed = distance/time

Prediction: What do you predict will occur to the distance traveled if we increase the mass of an object (truck) going down a slope? Is there a certain amount of mass that will support an increase in distance? Justify your reasoning using the above formulas.

Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass.

Science InvestigationPurpose: To determine the

effect of Mass on car travel distance

Materials:Toy truck ramp meter stick fishing weightsInstructions:1. Your team will be allowed to test your truck

using three different masses of fishing weights.

2. Determine the different masses you will test. Construct a data table to show the different masses in relation to the distance the truck travels.

3. Begin by testing the distance the truck travels down the ramp without any added mass. Record this distance.

4. Place the masses in the bed of the toy truck.5. Test each different mass by releasing the

truck down the ramp and measuring the distance from the end of the ramp to the final resting place with a meter stick.

6. Record your results in your data table.7. Explain in a paragraph how mass effects the

distance an object travels. Use evidence from the investigation to support your claim.

PRACTICESAsking and Defining QuestionsAnalyzing and Interpreting DataObtaining, Evaluating and Communicating Information

CROSS CUTTING CONCEPTSCause and Effect

Additional ResourcesInformational Text Reading

• FROM RACE CARS TO OUR CARS: FUEL EFFICIENCY

Across the world, high performance race cars speed their way to glory and prize money for their drivers. Every driver wants his/her car to make it to the finish line sooner than other drivers. That often means going further on a tank of fuel – what we know as fuel efficiency. Non-race car drivers also want to go as far as possible on the fuel in their cars, which is why many of the cars we see on the road today have fuel-saving technologies that were first developed for race cars. Smooth and Sleek Race cars don’t have sleek bodies just to make them look cool - their shape has a lot to do with how they use fuel. As a car moves, it pushes through the air in front of it. The air, which is made up of molecules, pushes back against the car. This pushing force caused by the air is called drag or air resistance. Drag is what counteracts the forward force of thrust from a car’s engine and slows down its forward motion. There are two main types of drag that affect cars - Form Drag and Surface Friction Drag. Form drag is drag that is caused by the shape of an object travelling through a fluid material, such as air. Some shapes move fairly smoothly through air while others do not. Shapes that are tapered front to back, like an airfoil (see top of Figure 1), move through air without creating a lot of turbulence (disturbed air) behind them. However, shapes like the sphere and the flat plate (see Figure 1) create a lot of turbulence behind them. This turbulence creates drag which slows down an object’s forward movement. In the case of a car, energy is used and fuel is consumed not only to move the car itself, but also to push through the air. With streamlined shapes less energy and fuel is used in the moving of air, so more will go into moving the car.

Science Investigations • What a Drag! http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_ideas/Aero_p022.shtml#procedure

• Mini-Labs on Newton’s Laws

Handout – Newton’s Laws Lab

http://teachers.net/lessonplans/posts/661.html

• Newton’s Laws Demonstrationshttp://www.exo.net/~donr/activities/Newton's_Laws_Demonstrations.pdf

Engineering Project – Balloon-powered Car

YOUR TASK• With gas prices at

historic highs, engineering consultants in automotive design and engineering are asking your team to build a car that gets 100 mpg. You will not be responsible for changing the engine design or fuel compositions, but for building a prototype with the best structural and design features to allow consumers to reduce their fuel costs by 50%.

Purpose

To experiment with ways of increasing the distance the rocket car travels.

DescriptionConstruct racing cars using any of the materials provided. They will be powered by the thrust of an inflated balloon. In two racing trials, the racers shoot along a straight course, and the distance the racers travel is measured. Between trials, redesign your racers to improve their performance and solve any “mechanical “ problems that crop up. Submit a detailed report with data that explains the design of the racers and how they performed with revisions.

Constraints

• Use only supplies provided

• Connect balloon to car as demonstrated

• Draw the design of your car

• Regardless of how much curving a racer car does, the measured distance is how far along the straight line of the race course the car reached

• Three attempts allowed per trial run – two trials

• Record data for all parameters after second trial run on data sheets and posters.

Engineering Revisions

Chart your Results: Choose a team member to chart their results on the large graphs on the wall.

Data Walks: With your team walk around and review and analyze each data chart.

Reflection: At your tables discuss the revisions you would like to make to your racer car and write down the information in the space provided.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNzqvGEM4-A

SCIENCE OLYMICS 2010:

The Balloon Car Competition