]nfkvkn°v c˛kthw≥-kv- ]p-ckv--imcw · ]nfkvkn°v c˛kthw≥-kv- ]p-ckv--imcw ... 8

Vol. 27 Issue 8 Fortnightly December 15, 2015 Page 24 ` 5

PSC Bulletin, Official Publication of Kerala Public Service Commission

SINCE 1985

website: www.keralapsc.gov.in E-mail: [email protected] Circulation : 0471-2546270

Imbw-Ip-fw,- hn-Xp-c,- Ip-f-Øp-∏p-g- F-∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬- G-P-‚p-am-sc- B-h-iy-ap-≠v.- Xm¬-]-cy-ap-≈-h¿- ]-ªn-Iv- dn-te-j-≥kv- hn-`m-K-hp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-Sp-I.- t^m- - 0471 2546270.- t]-cv,- hn-em-kw- F-∂n-h- k-ln-Xw- ]-_v-fn-Iv- dn-te-j-≥kv- Hm- o-k¿,-tI-c-f- ]-ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωo-j-≥,- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw- -4 F-∂- hn-em-k-Øn-te-°v- I-sØ-gp-Xp-I-tbm, [email protected]. F∂ C- -sa-bn¬-hn-em-k-Øn-te-°v- sa-bn¬- A-b-bv-°p-I-tbm- sN-bv-Xm¬- G-P-≥kn- hy-h-ÿ-I-fpw- A-t]-£m- m-d-hpw- A-b-®p-X-cpw.- aq-∂q-dv- cq-]-bm-Wv- G-P-≥kn- A-\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈- an-\n-aw- Un-t∏m-kn-‰v.-

\qdp cq] ]nFkvkn Hmô-kntem t]mtÃm-ô-kntem- H-Sp-°n-bm¬- C-¥y-bn-se-hn-sS-bpw- _p-

Iºyq-´¿- skm-ssk-‰n- Hm-^v- C-¥y-bp-sS-

kp-h¿-Æ- Pq-_n-en- B-tLm-jn-°p-∂-Xn-s‚-

`m-K-am-bn- kw-L-Sn-∏n-®- kn.-F-kv.-sF.- hm-

en-b-‚ v- C-˛-K-th-W-≥kv- A-hm¿-Uv- tI-c-f-

]-ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωo-j-\v- e-`n-®p.- 30 e-

£-tØm-fw- D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-I-fp-sS- H-‰-Ø-

h-W- c-Pn-kv-tS-j-≥, 4194 hn-hn-[- X-kv-Xn-

I-I-fn-em-bn- c-≠p- tIm-Sn-tbm-fw- A-t]-£-

I-fp-sS- k-a¿-∏-Ww,- H-t∂-Im¬- tIm-Sn-tbm-

fw- A-Uv-an-j-≥ Sn-°-‰p-I-fp-sS- Uu-¨-tem-

Uv- sN-bv-sX-Sp-°¬- F-∂n-h-bv-°v- km-l-N-

cy-sam-cp-°n-b- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- bp-sS- h- -ssSw-

c-Pn-kv-tS-j-≥ t]m¿-´¬- B-Wv- a-‰v- h-Ip-

∏p-Iƒ-s°-√mw- am-Xr-I-bm-Ipw- hn-[w- A-

hm¿-Un-\v- A¿-l-am-b-Xv.- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øv-

2015 \-hw-_¿- 25 \v- \-S-∂- N-S-ßn¬- B-`y-

¥-c- h-Ip-∏v- a-¥n- c-ta-iv- sN-∂n-Ø-e- ]n.-

F-kv.-kn.- sk-I-´-dn- km-Pp- tPm¿-Pn-\v- A-

hm¿-Uv- k-Ωm-\n-®p.-

-]-ªn-Iv- k¿-ho-kv- I-Ωo--j-s‚- kp-

Xm-cy-X-bv-°pw- ]-h¿-Ø-\- an-I-hn-\pw- D-tZym-

Km¿-∞n-I-tfm-Sp-≈- ]-Xn-_-≤-X-bv-°pw- e- n-

®- Aw-Ko-Im-c-am-Wv- A-hm¿-sU-∂v- A-\p-tam-

Zn-®p-sIm-≠v- B-`y-¥-c- a-¥n- ]-d-™p.- I-

ºyq-´¿- skm-ssk-‰n- Hm-^v- C-¥y- sN-b¿-am-

≥ io-Im-¥v- ]n.-Ir-jv-W-≥,- sF.-‰n.- h-Ip-∏v-

]n-≥kn-∏¬- sk-I- -dn- ]n.-F-®v.-Ip-cy-≥,- tI-

Imbw-Ip-fw, hnXp-c,

Ipf-Øp-∏p-g F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬- GP‚p-amsc Bh-iy-ap-≠v

c-f- sF.-Sn.- an-j-≥ U-b-d-Iv-S¿- sI.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- ssh.-

k-^n-dp-≈,- In-≥^- am-t\-Pn-ßv- U-b-d-Iv-S¿- tUm.-

Pn.-kn.- tKm-]m-e-]n-≈,- A-hm¿-Uv- I-Ωn-‰n- sN-b¿-

am-≥ k-Xo-jv- _m-_p- Xp-ßn-b-h¿- kw-km-cn-®p.-

]nFkvkn°v C˛KthW≥-kv- ]p-ckv--Imcw

]n.-F-kv.-kn.- bn¬- \n-∂v- K-th-j-W- A-h-tem-I-\-

hn- m-Kw- A-≠¿- sk-I- -dn- F-kv.-F-kv.-kp-tc-jv- _m-

_p,- kn-Ãw- am-t\-P¿ B¿.-a-t\m-Pv- Xp-S-ßn-b-h¿-

]-s¶-Sp-Øp.

kn.-F-kv.-sF.- hm-en-b-‚ v- C-˛-K-th-W-≥kv- A-hm¿-Uv- B-`y-¥-c- a-¥n- io-.- ctaiv- sN∂n-Øebn¬- \n-∂v-

skI´dn- io-.- km-Pp- tPm¿-Pv- G‰p-hm-ßp-∂p-

≈-‰n-≥ X-]m¬- am¿-Kw- 15 am-k-tØ-°v- e-`n-°pw.-200 cq-]- H-Sp-°n-bm¬- 30 am-k-hpw- 300 cq-]- H-Sp-°n-bm¬- 45 am-k-hpw- _p-≈-‰n-≥ X-]m-en¬- h-cp-Ømw.-

a-Wn-tbm¿-U¿- t^m-d-Øn¬- t^m-¨- \-º¿-Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬- Xp-I- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.-Hm- o-kn¬-e-`n-°p-tºmƒ- A-Xp- kw-_-‘-am-b- F-kv-Fw-F-kv- h-cn-°m¿-°v- e- n-°pw.- X-]m¬- h-Ip-∏m-Wv- Cu-kw-hn-[m-\w- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- Pn-√m-X-e- tkm¿-ń-Mv- kw-hn-[m-\w- Im-e-Xm-a-kw- Iq-Sm-sX- _p-≈-‰n-≥ h-cn-°m-cp-sS- ssI-I-fn-se-Øn-°p-∂p-≠v. k¿°p-te-j≥ kw_\v[amb ]cm-Xn-I-fp-≈-]£w kXzcamb ]cn-lm-c-\-S-]-Sn-IfpwkzoI-cn-®p-h-cp-∂p-.

Hm -sse≥- ]co-£m-

Ie≠¿- ˛ 2016 s^_p-hcn-

t]Pv- 3

]co-£m- Ie≠¿- ˛

2016 s^_p-hcn-

t]Pv - 6

C‚¿-hyq- t]m-Kmw- ˛

2016 P\p-hcn-

t]Pv- 21

2 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2015 Un-kw-_¿- 15

io.- Atim-I≥- Ncp-hn¬ ˛ sNb¿-am≥saº¿-, tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥

tUm.- sI Djsaº¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥

io.- ]n- in-hZm-k≥-saº¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥

io-aXn.- kn-an- tdm-kv-s_¬- tPm¨-saº¿, tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥

AUz.- C cho-µ\m-Y≥-saº¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥

]Xm[n]kanXn

80783 hscbp≈ hcn°mcpsS Imemh[n Un-kw-_¿ 15

e-°tØmsSbmWv Ahkm\n°p∂Xv

hcnkwJy (\qdpcq])

aWn-tbm¿U-dmbn Abt°≠ hnemkw:

]ªn-Iv- dn-tej≥-kv- Hm-ô-k¿,-

tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-ho-kv- IΩnj≥,-

]´w- ]m-ekv- ]n.-H., Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-˛695004

h-cn-°m¿- _p-≈-‰n-≥ kw-_-‘n-®v- I-sØ-gp-Xp-tºm-gpw-t^m-¨- sN-øp-tºm-gpw- _p-≈-‰n-\n-s‚- te-_-en-ep-≈-

k-_v-kv-ssI-_¿- \-º¿- Ir-Xy-am-bn- kq-Nn-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.-

hcn°mcpsS i≤bv°v

]ªnIv dntej≥kv Hmôk¿

io.-F.- caW≥-, t^m¨ : 0471 2546368 OR 9446412483

k¿°ptej≥ (]n.B¿.bqWn‰v): 0471 2546270

H‰ØhW cPn-kvt-Sj≥-t^m-t´m- kw-_\v-[n-® \n¿-t±ißƒ-

1.-1.-2012 ap-X¬- ]m-_-ey-Øn-ep-≈- h-¨-˛-ssSw- c-Pn-kv-tS-j-

≥, - I -Ωo -j-s‚- Hu -tZym -Kn -I - sh-_v -ssk-‰m -b

www.keralapsc.gov.in hgn- \SØn-btijam-Wv- DtZym-Km¿-

∞n-Iƒ- hn-hn-[ Xkv-Xn-IIƒ-°m-bn- At]£ ka¿-∏n-

t°≠Xv.- t^m-t´m- A]v-tem-Uv- sNøp-tºmƒ- ]co-£m¿-Xv-Yn-

Iƒ- Xm-sg ]dbp-∂ Im-cy-ßƒ- ]tXy-Iw- i≤n-t°≠Xm-Wv.-

1.- t^m-t´m-bn¬- DtZym-Km¿-Xv-Yn-bp-sS t]cpw- t^m-t´m FSp-

Ø Xo-bXn-bpw- ]Xn-®n-cn-°Ww.

2. -- IΩo-j≥- ]p-ds∏Sp-hn-°p-∂ hn-⁄m-]\ßƒ- ]Im-

cw- DtZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ- At]£ ka¿-∏n-°p-tºmƒ- A]v-

tem-Uv- sNøp-∂ t^m-t´mbv-°v- 10 h¿-jtØbv-°v- ]m-

_ey-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.-- -

3. ]co-£m¿-XvYn-bp-sS ap-Jhpw- tXm-fp-Ifp-sS ap-Iƒ- m-Khpw-

hy-Iv-Xam-bn- ]Xn-™n-cn-°Ø° hn-[Øn-ep-≈ ]m-kv-t]m¿-

´v- sskkn-ep-≈ If¿-/ªm-°v- & ssh‰v- t^m-t´m-bm-bn-cn-

°Ww.-

4. -shfp-ØtXm- Cfw- \n-dØn-tem- D≈ ]iv-Nm-ØeØn¬-

Cfw- \n-dØn-ep-≈ hkv-Xw- [cn-®v- FSp-Ø t^m-t´m-bm-

bn-cn-°Ww.-

5.- ap-Jw- t\scbpw- ]q¿-Æam-bpw- t^m-t´m-bp-sS a≤y- m-KØv-

]Xn-™n-cn-°Ww.-

6.- IÆp-Iƒ- hy-Iv-Xam-bn- Im-WØ° hn-[Øn-em-bn-cn-°Ww.-

7.- A]v-tem-Uv- sNøp-∂ t^m-t´m-Iƒ- 200 ]n-Iv-sk¬- h x 150]n-Iv-sk¬- w D≈Xpw- JPG t^m¿-am-‰n-ep-≈Xpw- 30 KB^b¬ sskkn¬- A[n-Icn-°m-ØXp-am-bn-cn-°Ww.-

8.- k¨-•m-kv,- sXm-∏n- F∂n-h [cn-®v- FSp-ØXpw- ap-JØn-

s≥-d Hcp- hiw- am-Xw- Im-WØ°hn-[ap-≈Xpw- ap-Jw- hy-

Iv-Xa√m-ØXp-am-b t^m-t´m-Iƒ- kzo-Im-cy-a√.

9.- ""aXm-Nm-cØn-s≥-d m-Kam-bn- sXm-∏n-/in-tcm-hkv-Xw- [cn-

®v- FSp-Ø t^m-t´m- a‰v- \n¿-t±ißf\p-kcn-®m-sW¶n¬-

kzo-Im-cy-am-Wv.-

t]cpw-t^m-t´m-FSp-Ø Xo-bXn-bpw-

AUvan-j≥ Sn°‰v Uu¨temUv sNøp∂DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-Iƒ°v amXw ]co£m tIµw

IΩo-j≥ \S-Øp∂ Hmtcm XkvXn-I-bp-sSbpw ]co-£bv°v icm-icn 50˛55% DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-IƒamXta lmP-cm-Ip-∂p-≈p. F∂m¬ At]£ Abbv°p∂ F√m DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-Iƒ°pw ]co£mtIµ-ßƒ k÷o-I-cn-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ A[nI kmº-ØnI _m[-y-Xbv°v CS-bm-hp-IbpwsNøp-∂p. Bb-Xn-\m¬ \ne-hnse coXn am‰n AUvan-j≥ Sn°‰v Uu¨temUv sNøp-∂-h¿°vamXw ]co£m tIµw k÷o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v IΩo-j≥ Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂-∂p. Hmtcm ]co-£bv°pw AUvan-j≥ Sn-°‰v Uu¨temUv sNøp-∂-Xn\v 15 Znh-ksØ Imem-h[n amXw \¬Ip-Ibpw Cu \n›nX ka-b-Øn-\p≈ AUvan-j≥ Sn°‰v Uu¨temUv sNøp-∂-h¿°v amXw]co£ Fgp-Xp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-kcw \nP-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøpw.

]co£m Ie-≠¿ ]kn≤oI-cn-°p-tºmƒ Hmtcm ]co-£bv°pw AUvan-j≥ Sn°‰vUu¨temUv sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ XobXn IqSn ]kn-≤oI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw IΩo-j≥ Xocp-am-\n®p.`n∂-ti-jn-bp-≈-h¿°pw kvXoIƒ°pw ]c-am-h[n kuI-c-y-]-Z-amb ]co£m tIµ-ßƒ A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn°pw Cu am‰w G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.

hIp-∏p-Xe ]co-£- C s]bvsa‚v2016 P\p-h-cn-bnse hIp-∏p-Xe ]co-£bv°v ]co£m okv, k¿ń- n-°‰v okv Ch HSp-

t°-≠Xv C -s]-bvsa‚ v kwhn-[m\w hgn-bm-Wv. hIp-∏p-Xe ]co-£bv°v Hm¨sse≥ Bbn e`n-®n- p≈ At]-£-I-fn¬ \s√mcp `mKw At]-£-I-fnepw s]bvsa‚ v Uyp F∂mWv ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. ]co-£m¿∞n-Iƒ k¿ń- n-°‰v ôkv, ]co£m ôkv Ch HSp°n Ign-™m¬ Ah-cpsSAt]-£-bn¬ _me≥kv Uyq- -\n¬ F∂mWv ImWn-t°-≠-Xv. F∂m¬ s]bvsa‚ v hnP-b-I-c-ambn ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-bn- n-√mØ ]co-£m¿∞n-I-fpsS s]mss -en-emWv s]bvsa‚ v Uyq F∂mWvImWn-°p-∂-Xv. Cß-s\-bp≈ ]co-£m¿∞n-Iƒ ]co£m ôkv, k¿ń- n-°‰v ôkv F∂nhC -s]-bvsa‚ v kwhn-[m\w hgn At]£ kzo-I-cn-°p∂ Ah-km\ XobXn°p apºv H-Sp-°n-bn-s√-¶n¬ AØcw At]-£-Iƒ \nc-kn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

Adn-bn∏p-Iƒ-

t]Pv- 10˛¬- I-a-\-º¿- 10˛¬- C-¥y-bn¬- sd-bn¬-th-

B-cw-`n-®- h¿-jw- 1854 F-∂v- tN¿-Øn-cp-∂-Xv- 1853 F-

∂v- Xn-cp-Øn-hm-bn-t°-≠-X-v.

Nne kmt¶-XnI Imc-W-ß-fm-¬ \hw_¿

15 e°-Øn¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn® DØ-c-ßƒ sX‰m-bn-cp-

∂p. icn-bp-Øcw CtXm-sSm-∏w.

Page: 1311. The currency of Argentina:

(a) Dollar (b) Pound(c) Peso (d) YenAns: (c) Peso

12. Grass lands of South America:(a) Steppes (b) Pampas(c) Prairies (d) High VeldAns: (b) Pampas

13. Which is the highest peak in southern hemisphere?(a) Kilimanjaro (b) Mauna Kea(c) Everest (d) AconcaguaAns: (d) Aconcagua

14. ........ strait is situated between Argentina and Tierra delFuego :(a) Cook (b) Magallan(c) Torres (d) DavisAns: (b) Magallan

15. The main language of Argentina:(a) English (b) Portuguese(c) Spanish (d) DutchAns:(c) Spanish

Page: 2013. Xo¿∞m-S\ Sqdn-k-Øns‚ Xe-ÿm\w F∂-dn-b-

s∏-Sp-∂Xv

(F) Xr»q¿ (_n) ]Ø-\w-Xn´

(kn) tIm´bw (Un) Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

DØcw : (_n) ]Ø-\w-Xn´

14. ssZhta ssIsXmgmw tIƒ°p-am-d-IWw F∂

Km\w cNn-®Xv

(F) t_mt[i-z-c≥

(_n) ]¥fw sI.-]n.-cm-a≥]n≈

(kn) ]¥fw tIcf h¿Ω (Un) h≈-tØmƒ

DØcw : (kn) ]¥fw tIcf h¿Ω

20. FXv cmP-y-Øn¬ \n∂mWv _qsW kzm-X-¥yw

t\S-nbXv

(F) ^m≥kv (_n) t]m¿®p-K¬

(kn) s\X¿em≥Uvkv (Un) _n´¨

DØcw : (Un) _n´¨

24. B[p-\nI C¥y-bnse BZ-ysØ cmjvSob

sIme-]m-XIw \S-Øn-bXv

(F) `KXvknßv

(_n) hmkp-tZ-hv -_¬h¥v ÛvsI

(kn) Nt]-I¿ ktlm-Z-c≥am¿

(Un) _co-µ-Ip-am¿ tLmjv

DØcw : (kn) Nt]-I¿ ktlm-Z-c≥am¿

25. C¥-y-bnse IpSpw-_m-kq-X-W-Øns‚ ]nXmhv

F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv

(F) Un.-sI. Im¿sh (_n) B¿.-Un.-Im¿sh

(kn) ZmZm-`mbv \h-tdmPn (Un) Ch-cm-cp-a√

DØcw : (_n) B¿.-Un.-Im¿sh

63. hnf-t°-¥nb h\nX F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv

(F)aZ¿sX-tck (_n) tPm¨ Hm^v B¿Iv

(kn) ^vtfmd≥kv ss\‰nw-tK¬

(Un) am¿K-c‰v Xm®¿

DØcw : (kn) ^vtfmd≥kv ss\‰nw-tK¬

88. Km‘nPn Z£n-Wm-^n-°-bn¬ Bcw`n® ]kn-≤o-

I-cWw

(F) lcn-P≥ (_n) bßv C¥y

(kn) \h-Po-h≥ (Un) C¥-y≥ H∏o-\n-b≥

DØcw : (Un) C¥-y≥ H∏o-\n-b≥

Xn-cp-Øv-

2015 Un-kw-_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 3

Hm¨-sse≥- ]co-£m- Ie≠¿ -- ˛ 2016 s^_p-hcn-* Examination Time includes one hour as preparation time for the verification of Admission Tickets and original ID of the candidates appearing for the examination.

Ia Xo-bXn- Xkv-Xn-Ibpw- Im-‰Kdn- \ºdpw- hIp-∏v-/ kn-e_kv-

\w- kabw- kv-Ym-]\w-

1 08/02/2016 COMPUTER GRADE II PRINTING Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Monday NCA NOTIFICATION) ONLINE EXAMINATION Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Technical Qualifications Part II : General Knowledge,10.00 AM* 301/2015 Current Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 12.15 PM LC/AI - PKD (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 Hour 15 Minutes) ( Medium of Questions: English)

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Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 29/01/20163 08/02/2016 PHARMACIST GRADE II INDIAN SYSTEMS OF Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed for the post.

Monday (AYURVEDA) MEDICINE/INSURANCE Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Ayurveda Pharmacy Part III : General Knowledge,02.00 PM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) MEDICAL SERVICES/ Current Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 04.15 PM 610/2014 AYURVEDA COLLEGES (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)

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KLM - M ONLINE EXAMINATION Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 19/01/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time RegistrationProfile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 29/01/2016


KNR - V ONLINE EXAMINATION Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 19/01/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time RegistrationProfile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 29/01/2016


KGD - OX ONLINE EXAMINATION Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 19/01/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time RegistrationProfile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 29/01/2016

COMMON TEST FOR SL. Nos. 2 TO 8 ABOVE9 15/02/2016 PHARMACIST GRADE II HOMOEOPATHY Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed for the post.

Monday (HOMOEO) ONLINE EXAMINATION Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Hospital & Community Pharmacy (Homoeopathy)10.00 AM* 438/2014 Part II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 12.15 PM KLM, PTA (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)


10 15/02/2016 PHARMACIST GRADE II HOMOEOPATHY Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Monday (HOMOEO) ONLINE EXAMINATION Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Hospital & Community Pharmacy (Homoeopathy)10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) Part II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 12.15 PM 500/2014 (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)

TVM - M, KTM - M Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 27/01/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 05/02/2016

4 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2015 Un-kw-_¿- 15




IDK - V Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 27/01/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 05/02/2016


KKD - OX Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 27/01/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 05/02/2016


KKD - D Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 27/01/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 05/02/2016


ALP - V, KTM - V Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 27/01/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 05/02/2016


KTM - LC, WYD - LC Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 27/01/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 05/02/2016


KNR - OX, MPM -OX Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 27/01/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 05/02/2016


KNR - D Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 27/01/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 05/02/2016


MPM - SIUC/AI Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 27/01/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 05/02/2016


KLM - LC Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 27/01/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 05/02/2016


MPM - D Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 27/01/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 05/02/2016


IDK - SC Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 27/01/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 05/02/2016

2015 Un-kw-_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 5




KNR - SIUC N/AI Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 27/01/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 05/02/2016

COMMON TEST FOR SL. Nos. 9 TO 22 ABOVE23 19/02/2016 JUNIOR PUBLIC HEALTH HEALTH SERVICES Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed for the post.

Friday NURSE GRADE II ONLINE EXAMINATION Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Auxiliary Nurse Midwifery course Part II : General10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 12.15 PM 253/2015 (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)

TVM - M Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 30/01/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 09/02/2016

24 25/02/2016 LECTURER GRADE II - HOME SCIENCE RURAL DEVELOPMENT Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Thursday (DIRECT RECRUITMENT) ONLINE EXAMINATION (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) ( Medium of Questions: English)10.00 AM* 77/2015 Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 05/02/2016 (Circular 13/2015)to 12.15 PM Further Details regarding Main Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile

Topics are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 15/02/201625 26/02/2016 HOSPITALITY ASSISTANT TOURISM Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed for the post.

Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION) ONLINE EXAMINATION Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Food & Beverage Service Part II : General Knowledge,08.00 AM* 500/2013 Current Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 10.15 AM KNR - M, IDK- M, KGD - M (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) ( Medium of Questions: English)


26 26/02/2016 HOSPITALITY ASSISTANT TOURISM Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION) ONLINE EXAMINATION Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Food & Beverage Service Part II : General Knowledge,08.00 AM* 501/2013 Current Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 10.15 AM TSR - OBC (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) ( Medium of Questions: English)


27 26/02/2016 HOSPITALITY ASSISTANT TOURISM Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION) ONLINE EXAMINATION Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Food & Beverage Service Part II : General Knowledge,08.00 AM* 502/2013 Current Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 10.15 AM MPM - SC (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)


COMMON TEST FOR SL. Nos. 25 TO 27 ABOVE28 26/02/2016 STAFF NURSE INSURANCE MEDICAL Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed for the post.

Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION) SERVICES Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Community Health Nursing Part II : General Knowledge,02.00 PM* 277/2015 ONLINE EXAMINATION Current Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 03.15 PM TSR - D (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)

Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 06/02/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time RegistrationProfile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 16/02/2016

29 27/02/2016 SCIENTIFIC ASSISTANT MEDICAL EDUCATION Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Saturday (OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY) ONLINE EXAMINATION Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Occupational Therapy Part II : General Knowledge,10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) Current Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 12.15 PM 259/2015 (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)

E/T/B Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 08/02/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 17/02/2016

30 29/02/2016 ASSISTANT GRADE II KERALA FOREST DEVELOP Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on thequalification prescribed for the post.Monday (NCA NOTIFICATION) MENT CORPORATION LIMITED Main Topics:- Part I : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala08.00 AM* 493/2013 ONLINE EXAMINATION Part II : Questions based on Diploma in Office Managementto10.15 AM LC/AI (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)

Further Details regarding Main Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 09/02/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Topics are available on the Website Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile

in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/02/201631 29/02/2016 ASSISTANT GRADE II KERALA FOREST DEVELOP Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on thequalification prescribed for the post.

Monday (NCA NOTIFICATION) MENT CORPORATION LIMITED Main Topics:- Part I : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala08.00 AM* 273/2015 ONLINE EXAMINATION Part II : Questions based on Diploma in Office Managementto10.15 AM OBC (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)

Further Details regarding Main Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 09/02/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Topics are available on the Website Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile

in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/02/2016COMMON TEST FOR SL. Nos. 30 & 31 ABOVE

32 29/02/2016 HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL HIGHER SECONDARY Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Monday TEACHER (SOCIOLOGY) EDUCATION (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)02.00 PM* (SR FOR SC/ST ONLY) ONLINE EXAMINATION Date of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 09/02/2016 (Circular 13/2015)to 04.15 PM 578/2014 Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile

Further Details regarding Main in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/02/2016Topics are available on the Website

6 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2015 Un-kw-_¿- 15

]co-£m- Ie≠¿ -- ˛ 2016 s^_p-hcn-* Examination Time includes half an hour as preparation time for the verification of Admission Tickets and original ID of the Candidates appearing for the

examination.



1 02/02/2016 PUMP OPERATOR/ PLUMBER ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.

Tuesday 350/2014 Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on NTC in Plumbing Part II : General Knowledge, Current

07.30 AM* TVM Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala

to 09.15 AM (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)

(Medium of Questions: Malayalam/Tamil/Kannada)

Date of uploading of Centre List on or before 01/01/2016 (Circular 12/2015)

Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile

in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/01/2016

2 03/02/2016 SCIENTIFIC ASSISTANT POLICE (FORENSIC Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.

Wednesday (DOCUMENTS) SCIENCE LABORATORY) Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on PG in Physics Part II : Questions based on PG in

07.30 AM* 628/2014 Chemistry Part III: General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala

to 09.15 AM (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)




3 04/02/2016 TECHNICAL SUPERVISOR KERALA STATE HANDLOOM Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.

Thursday (GENERAL CATEGORY) WEAVER'SCO-OPERATIVE Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Diploma in Handloom Technology

07.30 AM* 521/2013 SOCIETY LIMITED (HANTEX) Part II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala





4 04/02/2016 TECHNICAL SUPERVISOR KERALA STATE HANDLOOM Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.

Thursday (SOCIETY CATEGORY) WEAVER'SCO-OPERATIVE Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Diploma in Handloom Technology

07.30 AM* 522/2013 SOCIETY LIMITED (HANTEX) Part II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala





COMMON TEST FOR SL. Nos. 3 & 4 ABOVE

5 05/02/2016 COMPUTER ASSISTANT GRADE II GOVERNMENT SECRETARIAT/ Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.

Friday (DIRECT RECRUITMENT) KPSC/ADVOCATE GENERAL'S Main Topics:- Part I : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala

07.30 AM* 81/2015 OFFICE (ERNAKULAM)/ Part II : Computer Word Processing, Typing & Document Formatting Part III: General English

to 09.15 AM Further Details regarding Main LOCAL FUND AUDIT (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)

Topics are available on the Website Date of uploading of Centre List on or before 05/01/2016 (Circular 12/2015)



6 05/02/2016 COMPUTER ASSISTANT GRADE II GOVERNMENT SECRETARIAT/ Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.

Friday (BY TRANSFER – APPOINTMENT FROM KPSC/ADVOCATE GENERAL'S Main Topics:- Part I : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala

07.30 AM* LOW PAID EMPLOYEES INCLUDED OFFICE (ERNAKULAM)/ Part II : Computer Word Processing, Typing & Document Formatting Part III: General English

to 09.15 AM IN THE SUBORDINATE SERVICES) LOCAL FUND AUDIT (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)

82/2015 Date of uploading of Centre List on or before 05/01/2016 (Circular 12/2015)

Further Details regarding Main Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile

Topics are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 22/01/2016

7 05/02/2016 COMPUTER ASSISTANT GRADE II FINANCE Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.

Friday (SR FOR SC/ST ONLY) Main Topics:- Part I : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala

07.30 AM* 177/2015 Part II : Computer Word Processing, Typing & Document Formatting Part III: General English

to 09.15 AM Further Details regarding Main (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)

Topics are available on the Website Date of uploading of Centre List on or before 05/01/2016 (Circular 12/2015)



COMMON TEST FOR SL. Nos. 5, 6 & 7 ABOVE

2015 Un-kw-_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 7



8 06/02/2016 BLOCK DEVELOPMENT OFFICER RURAL DEVELOPMENT Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Saturday (BY TRANSFER) Main Topics:- Part I : Quantitative Aptitude Part II : Mental Ability & Test of Reasoning01.30 PM* 131/2010 Part III: General Science Part IV: Current Affairs Part V : Facts About India Part VI: Facts Aboutto 03.15 PM Further Details regarding Main Kerala Part VII: Constitution of India and Civil Rights Part VIII: General English Part IX: Social

Topics are available on the Website Welfare Schemes and Measures Part X: Information Technology and Cyber Laws(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)Date of uploading of Centre List on or before 06/01/2016 (Circular 12/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through the Websitewww.keralapsc.gov.in from 23/01/2016

9 06/02/2016 ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT/ GENERAL EDUCATION Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Saturday ACCOUNTS OFFICER Main Topics:- Part I : Quantitative Aptitude Part II : Mental Ability & Test of Reasoning01.30 PM* (SR FOR ST ONLY) Part III: General Science Part IV: Current Affairs Part V : Facts About India Part VI: Facts Aboutto 03.15 PM 95/2015 Kerala Part VII: Constitution of India and Civil Rights Part VIII: General English Part IX: Social

Further Details regarding Main Welfare Schemes and Measures Part X: Information Technology and Cyber LawsTopics are available on the Website (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)

Date of uploading of Centre List on or before 06/01/2016 (Circular 12/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through the Websitewww.keralapsc.gov.in from 23/01/2016

10 06/02/2016 SECTION OFFICER KERALA PUBLIC SERVICE Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Saturday (SR FOR ST ONLY) COMMISSION Main Topics:- Part I : Quantitative Aptitude Part II : Mental Ability & Test of Reasoning01.30 PM* 176/2015 Part III: General Science Part IV: Current Affairs Part V : Facts About India Part VI: Facts Aboutto 03.15 PM Kerala Part VII: Constitution of India and Civil Rights Part VIII: General English Part IX: Social

Further Details regarding Main Welfare Schemes and Measures Part X: Information Technology and Cyber LawsTopics are available on the Website (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)

Date of uploading of Centre List on or before 06/01/2016 (Circular 12/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through the Websitewww.keralapsc.gov.in from 23/01/2016

COMMON TEST FOR SL. Nos. 8, 9 & 10 ABOVE

11 09/02/2016 TRADESMAN – TV TECHNICAL EDUCATION Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Tuesday MAINTENANCE & REPAIRS Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Technical Qualification Part II : General Knowledge,07.30 AM* 676/2014 Current Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 09.15 AM KNR (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)

Date of uploading of Centre List on or before 08 /01/2016 (Circular 12/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 27/01/2016

12 10/02/2016 FIELD ASSISTANT PLANTATION CORPORATION Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Wednesday 560/2014 OF KERALA LIMITED Main Topics:- Part I : Agronomy Part II a: Plant Breeding Part II b: Plant Physiology Part III: Soil07.30 AM* Further Details regarding Main Science Part IV : Plant Protection Part V : Plantation Industry Part VI: General Knowledge, Currentto 09.15 AM Topics are available on the Website Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala

(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)Date of uploading of Centre List on or before 11 /01/2016 (Circular 12/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 27/01/2016

13 11/02/2016 LABORATORY ASSISTANT KERALA CO-OPERATIVE Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Thursday (DAIRY/CFP) MILK MARKETING Main Topics:- Part I : Basic Chemistry Part II : Chemical Analysis Part III: Basic Biochemistry07.30 AM* (PART I - GENERAL CATEGORY) FEDERATION LIMITED Part IV: Biochemical Analysis Part V : Basic Microbiology & Techniques Part VI: Food Microbiologyto 09.15 AM 50/2013 & Microbiological Analysis Part VII: Basic Biotechnology Part VIII: Analytical Techniques in

Further Details regarding Main Topics Biotechnology Part IX: General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala are available on the Website (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)

Date of uploading of Centre List on or before 11 /01/2016 (Circular 12/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 28/01/2016

14 11/02/2016 LABORATORY ASSISTANT KERALA CO-OPERATIVE Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Thursday (DAIRY/CFP) MILK MARKETING Main Topics:- Part I : Basic Chemistry Part II : Chemical Analysis Part III: Basic Biochemistry07.30 AM* (PART II - SOCIETY CATEGORY – FEDERATION LIMITED Part IV: Biochemical Analysis Part V : Basic Microbiology & Techniques Part VI: Food Microbiologyto 09.15 AM DIRECT RECRUITMENT FROM & Microbiological Analysis Part VII: Basic Biotechnology Part VIII: Analytical Techniques in

ELIGIBLE EMPLOYEES OF MEMBER Biotechnology Part IX: General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in KeralaSOCIETIES AFFILIATED TO KERALA (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)CO-OPERATIVE MILK MARKETING Date of uploading of Centre List on or before 11 /01/2016 (Circular 12/2015)FEDERATION LIMITED) 51/2013 Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration ProfileFurther Details regarding Main Topics in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 28/01/2016 are available on the Website


8 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2015 Un-kw-_¿- 15



15 12/02/2016 TRADESMAN - CIVIL TECHNICAL EDUCATION Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Friday 677/2014 Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Technical qualification Part II : General Knowledge,07.30 AM* TVM , TSR Current Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 09.15 AM (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)


16 13/02/2016 ASSISTANT ENGINEER KERALA WATER AUTHORITY Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Saturday (DIRECT RECRUITMENT) Main Topics:- Part I : Civil Engineering Part II : Chemical Engineering Part III: Mechanical10.30 AM* 650/2012 Engineering Part IV: General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 12.15 PM Further Details regarding Main Topics (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) Medium of Questions: English)

are available on the Website Date of uploading of Centre List on or before 13 /01/2016 (Circular 12/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 30/01/2016

17 13/02/2016 ASSISTANT ENGINEER KERALA WATER AUTHORITY Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Saturday (FROM DEPARTMENTAL Main Topics:- Part I : Civil Engineering Part II : Chemical Engineering Part III: Mechanical10.30 AM* CANDIDATES ONLY) Engineering Part IV: General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 12.15 PM 651/2012 (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) Medium of Questions: English)

Further Details regarding Main Topics Date of uploading of Centre List on or before 13 /01/2016 (Circular 12/2015)are available on the Website Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile



18 16/02/2016 TRADESMAN - MASONARY TECHNICAL EDUCATION Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Tuesday 678/2014 Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Technical qualification Part II : General Knowledge,07.30 AM* KNR Current Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 09.15 AM (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)


19 17/02/2016 ASSISTANT ENGINEER HARBOUR ENGINEERING Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Wednesday (ELECTRICAL) Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Degree in Electrical Engineering Part II : General07.30 AM* 36/2015 Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 09.15 AM (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)


20 18/02/2016 CURATOR GRADE II (ZOO) MUSEUMS & ZOOS Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Thursday 193/2015 Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on B.Sc. Zoology Part II : General Knowledge, Current07.30 AM* Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 09.15 AM (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)

Date of uploading of Centre List on or before 18/01/2016 (Circular 12/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 04/02/2016

21 19/02/2016 TRADESMAN –INSTRUMENT TECHNICAL EDUCATION Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Friday MECHANIC Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Technical qualification Part II : General Knowledge,07.30 AM* 673/2014 Current Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 09.15 AM KNR (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)


22 20/02/2016 COMPUTER OPERATOR INFORMATION & PUBLIC Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Saturday 43/2015 RELATIONS Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Technical qualification Part II : General Knowledge,01.30 PM* Current Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 03.15 PM (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)


23 24/02/2016 TRADESMAN - PLUMBER TECHNICAL EDUCATION Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Wednesday 681/2014 Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Technical qualification Part II : General Knowledge,07.30 AM* KKD Current Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 09.15 AM (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)


2015 Un-kw-_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 9



24 25/02/2016 ELECTRICIAN KERALA STATE WATER Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.

Thursday 85/2015 TRANSPORT Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Technical qualification Part II : General Knowledge,

07.30 AM* Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala





25 26/02/2016 TRADESMAN - WIREMAN TECHNICAL EDUCATION Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.

Friday 682/2014 Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Technical qualification Part II : General Knowledge,

07.30 AM* KNR Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala





26 27/02/2016 STORE ISSUER GRADE II KERALA STATE ROAD Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.

Saturday (NCA NOTIFICATION) TRANSPORT CORPORATION Main Topics:- Part I : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala

01.30 PM* 267/2015 Part II : General English Part III: Simple Arithmetic & Mental Ability

to 03.15 PM SC (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)








to 03.15 PM ST (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)








to 03.15 PM M (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)








to 03.15 PM HN (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)





30 27/02/2016 STORE KEEPER KERALA TOURISM Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post.

Saturday (NCA NOTIFICATION) DEVELOPMENT Main Topics:- Part I : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala

01.30 PM* 747/2014 CORPORATION LIMITED Part II : General English Part III: Simple Arithmetic & Mental Ability

to 03.15 PM LC/AI (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)





COMMON TEST FOR SL. Nos. 26 TO 30 ABOVE

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*- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- Pq-X-≥am¿- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- Pn-√-

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*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- in-ip-ku-lr-Z- Pn-√-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- _-Nv-Xv- (k-ºm-Zyw-)- Pn-√-

*- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- \-K-c-hm-kn-I-fp-≈-Pn-√-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- (F-Æw-)- tZ-io-b- ]m-X-Iƒ- I-S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂- Pn-√-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Zq-cw-tZ-io-b- ]m-X-Iƒ- I-S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂- Pn-√-bpw- F-d-Wm-Ip-f-am-Wv.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- ayq-kn-b-ß-fp-≈,-tI-c-f-Øn-se- Pn-√.-

BZysØXv*- -k-ºq¿-W- km-£-c-X- ssI-h-cn-®- C-

¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Pn-√- F-d-Wm-Ip-f-am-Wv- (1990).-

*- -k-ºq¿-W- km-£-c-X- ssI-h-cn-®- C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- ]-©m-b-Øm-b-t]m-Ø-Wn-°m-Sv- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv.- tÃ-‰v- en-‰-d-kn- t]m-Km-an-s‚- `m-K-am-bn-´m-Wv- Cu- t\-´w- ssI-h-cn-®-Xv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿- \n¿-an-®- B-Zy- ]-≈n˛ sk‚ v ^m≥-knkv ]≈n (hmkv-tIm-U-Km-a-sb-B-Zyw- kw-kv-I-cn-®-Xv- Cu- ]-≈n-bn-em-Wv.- 1538˛-39¬- ù-Xn-Im-h-in-jv-Sw-kz-tZ-i-am-b- t]m¿-®p-K-en-te-°v- sIm-≠p-t]m-bn-)-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- bq-tdm-]y-≥am¿- \n¿-an-®-B-Zy-sØ -tIm-´˛ sIm®nt°m´

* sIm-®n-bn-se- sk-‚ v- ^m-≥kn-kv- ]-≈n-°p- k-ao-]w- I-S¬-°-c-bn-ep-≈-_m-Ãy-≥ _w-Kv-fm-hv- ap-X¬- sX-°p-`m-K-Øv- U-®p- sk-an-tØ-cn-°p- ]n-≥`m-Kw- h-sc- \o-≠p- In-S-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p- sIm-®n-t°m-´.-

*- -1504 -se- km-aq-Xn-cn-bp-sS- sIm-®n- B-I-a-W-Øn-\p-ti-jw- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿- sN-¶-√pw- Ip-Ωm-b-hpw- D-]-tbm-Kn-®v- tIm-´- _-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw- \n-c-h-[n- sIm-Ø-f-ß-fpw- \n-co-£-W-tI-

Pn√IfneqsSFdWmIpfw

tIcfØnse G‰hpw hyh-km-b-h-XvIr-X-amb Pn√-bmWv Fd-Wm-Ip-fw-. C¥y-bnse BZysØ bqtdm-]y≥ tIm´\n¿an-°-s∏-´Xv sIm®n-bn-em-Wv. C¥ybn¬ t]m¿®pKokpIm¿ \n¿an® BZy ]≈nbpw Fd-WmIpfw Pn√-bn-em-Wv.

PqX-sØ-cp-hpIfpw, No\-heIfpw, t_mƒKmń sIm´m-chpsams° Cu Pn√-bpsS KX-Im-e-]uUn hnfn-®-dn -bn-°p-∂p.t]m¿®p-Ko-kp-Imcpw U®p-Imcpw Cw•n-jp-Imcpw B[n-]Xyw ]pe¿Ønb sIm®n-bpsS C∂-se-Iƒ tIc-f-N-cn-X-Ønse

kp]-[m\ GSp-Ifm-Wv. ASp-Ø-dnbmw Fd-Wm-Ipfw Pn√-sb.

µ-ß-fpw- a-‰pw- \n¿-an-®v- hn-]p-e-am-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-

*- -\n-c-h-[n- ]-≈n-I-fpw- ]-≠-I-im-e-I-fpw- ]-´m-f-°m¿-°p-≈- sI-ń-S-ß-fpw-Hm-ô-kp-I-fpw- H-s°-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-sIm-®n-t°m- - tI-c-f-Øn-ep-≈- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kv- ÿm-]-\-ß-fp-sS- B-ÿm-\w-Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p- .-

*- -1663˛¬- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im-cn¬-\n-∂v-tIm- - ]n-Sn-s®-Sp-Ø- U-®p-Im¿- ]n-∂o-S-Xn-s‚- h-ep-∏w- Ip-d-®p.- 1795˛¬- U-®p-Im-cn¬-\n-∂v- Cw-Kv-fo-jp-Im¿- tIm-´- ssI-h-i-s∏-Sp-Øn.-

*- -Im-e-∏-g-°-Øm¬- \-in-®p- Xp-S-ßn-b-tIm-´-bp-sS- h-ep-∏w- Cw-Kv-fo-jp-Im¿-ho-≠pw- Ip-d-bv-°p-I-bpw- I-ta-W- ]q¿-W-am-bpw- C-√m-Xm-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- bq-tdm-]y-≥am¿- \n¿-an-®-h-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°w-sN-∂- tIm-´˛ ]≈n∏pdw tIm´

* Cu tIm-´-bv-°v- B-b-t°m-´,- A-gn-t°m-´- F-∂o- t]-cp-I-fpw- D-≠v.- j-Uv-tIm-Wm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep-≈- tIm-´v- \n¿-Ωn-°m-≥ sh- p-I-√m-Wv- D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.-

*- -]-[m-\- I-hm-S-Øn-s≥d- \n¿-am-Ww- I-cn-¶-√n-em-Wv.- 1661¬- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im-sc- tXm¬-]n-®v- tIm-´- ]n-Sn-®-S-°n-b- U-®p-Im¿- ]n-∂o-S-Xv- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-\p- ssI-am-dn- (1789).-

*- -Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- Zn-hm-≥ cm-Pm- tI-i-h-Zm-k-≥ ap-≥ssI-sb-Sp-Øm-Wv- tIm--sb- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-s‚- kz-¥-am-°n-

b-Xv.-*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Uo-k¬-

ssh-Zyp-X-\n-e-bw˛ _“]pcw* C¥ybnse BZysØ kzImcy

hnam\Ømhfw˛ s\Spºmt»cn-(s\-Sp-ºm-t»-cn- hn-am-\-Øm-h-f-Øn-s‚- in¬-]n- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- sI.-

I-cp-Wm-I-c-≥)-*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- _m-e- ]-

©m-b-Øv ˛s\Spºmt»cn* sIm -®n -bn -se - B-Zy - Zn -hm -≥˛

tIW¬ a¨tdm (AXn-\p-ap-ºv- ]m-en-b-Ø-®-≥am¿- F-∂- ]m-c-º-cy- a-¥n-am-cm-Wv- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv-)-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- s]m-^-j-W¬- ^p-Sv-t_-mƒ ¢∫v˛ F^v.kn.sIm®n≥

* tIcfØnse BZysØ SqdnkwKmaw˛ Ipºfßn

* sIm®n I∏¬ \n¿amWimebn¬\n¿an® BZysØ I∏¬˛ Fw.hn.dmWn ]Zvan\n (1981)

* tIc-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- aƒ-ń-π-Iv-kv- ÿm-]n-X-am-b- ÿ-ew˛ sIm®n

* tIcfØnse BZysØ Ce-IvSnIvsSbn-≥ Hm-Sn-b-Xv- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- ap-X¬- sjm¿-Wq¿- h-sc-bm-Wv- (2000 G-]n¬- 23).-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- kv-]o-Uv-t]m-Ãv- sk-‚¿˛ Fd-Wm-Ipfw

* tIcfØnse BZysØ Icƒam‰ikvX-Inb \S-Ønb Bip-]-Xn˛AarXm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v saUn-°¬ kb≥kv, CS-∏≈n. CXn-\v-t\-Xr-Xzw- \¬-In-b-Xv- tUm.-kp-[o-µ-≥ B-Wv.-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- lr-Z-bw- am-‰n-h-bv-°¬- i-kv-X-In-b- \-S-Øn-b-B-ip-]-Xn-˛- sa-Un-°¬- S-Ãv- (F-d-Wm-Ip-fw-).- tUm.- tPm-kv- Nm-t°m- s]-cn-b-]p-c-am-Wv- i-kv-X-In-b- \-S-Øn-b-Xv- (2003).-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- cm-Pym-¥-c-]-Z-hn- e-`n-®-B-Zy-sØ- Xo¿-Ym-S-\- tIµw˛ ae-bm-‰q¿

* tIc-f-Ønse B-Zy-sØ- h-\n-Xm- ]-©m-b-Øv - ] -kn -U-‚ v (1968)˛

A∂Ω tP°∫v (I-h-f-ßm-Sv- ]-©m-b-Øv-).-

*- -tI-c-fo-b- am-Xr-I-bn¬- bq-tdm-]y-≥am¿- (t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿-)- C-¥y-bn¬- \n¿-an-®- B-Zy-sØ- sIm-´m-c-am-Wv a´m-t©cn sIm´mcw. s]-cp-º-S-∏p-kz-cq-]-Øn-s‚- `-c-tZ-h-X-bm-b- ]-g-b-∂q¿- `-K-h-Xn-sb- Cu- \m-ep-sI-´p-sIm-´m-c-Øn-s‚- \-Sp-ap-‰-Øv- ]-Xn-jv-Tn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Sq-dn-kw-s]m-eo-kv- tÃ-j-≥˛ t^m¿ v sIm®n

* C¥y-bnse BZysØ d∫¿]m¿°v˛ sFcm-]pcw

* C¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- am-Xr-Im- a-’y- _-‘-\- Sq-dn-kw- Km-aw- ˛-Ip-º-f-ßn-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- kv-]o-Uv-t]m-Ãv- sk-‚¿˛ sIm®n

* C¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- A-Izm- sS-Iv-t\m-f-Pn- ]m¿-°v- ÿm-]n-°m-≥ D-t±-in-°p-∂- ÿew˛ FdWmIpfwPn√bnse Ingt° ISpß√q¿

* FdWm-Ip-fw- Pn-√-bn-se- ]-\-ßm-Sv-B-ÿm-\-am-b- n-j-do-kv- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS- B-Zy-sØ- ssh-kv- Nm-≥ke¿˛ tUm.a[pkqZ\°pdp∏v

* _n\m-te-°v- B-Xn-tY-b-Xzw- h-ln-®-B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ \-K-cw- sIm-®n-bm-Wv.-

*- -sIm-®n- Xp-d-ap-J-sØ-°p-dn-®v- ]-Xn-]m-Zn-®- B-Zy-sØ- hn-tZ-i- k-©m-cn- am-lzm-\m-Wv.-

*- -F.-Sn.-F-Ωn-eq-sS- ]m¬- e- y-am-Ip-∂-kw-hn-[m-\w- an¬-a- tI-c-f-Øn-em-Zy-am-bn- B-hn-jv-I-cn-®-Xv- sIm-®n-bn-em-Wv.-

*- -sIm-®n- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-W-k- -bn¬- Aw-K-am-b- B-Zy- h-\n-X- tXm- -bv-°m- v- am-[-hn-b-Ω-bm-Wv.- a-∂-Øv- ]-Zv-a-\m- -s‚-k-l-[¿-Ω-Wn-bm-bn-cp-∂p- A-h¿.- C-¥y-bn¬- H-cp- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-W-k-`-bp-sS- Xp-S-°-Øn¬-Ø-s∂- H-cp- h-\n-X-sb- k¿-°m¿- \m-a-\n¿-t±-iw- sN-bv-Xv- Aw-K-am-°n-b- B-Zy- A-h-k-c-am-bn-cp-∂p- A-Xv- (1925).-

*- -tPm-¨- tKm-¨-km¬-h-kv- 1577˛¬-sIm-®n-bn¬- A-®-Sn-®- a-e-_m¿- X-an-gn-ep-≈- th-tZm-]-tZ-i-am-Wv- tI-c-f-Øn¬- A-®-Sn-®- B-Zy- K-Ÿw.- a-e-bm-fw- A-£-c-ßƒ- B-Zy-am-bn- A-®-Sn-®-Xv- 1678˛¬- tlm-f-≠n-se- (s\-X¿-e-≥Uv-kv-)- Bw-Ã¿-Um-an¬- ap-Z-Ww-sN-bv-X- tlm¿-Øq-kv- a-e-_m-dn-°-kv-F-∂- K-Ÿ-Øn-em-Wv.-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- ^pƒ-t^m¿-am-‰v- tjm-∏nw-Kv- amƒ- sIm-®n-bn-se- H-_-tdm-¨- am-fm-Wv.-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- km-‰-sse-‰v- a-Wn-tbm¿-U¿- tÃ-j-≥ sIm-®n-bn-

a´m-t©cn sIm´mcw

2015 Un-kw-_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 11

em-Wv- ÿm-]n-®-Xv.-*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- k-b-≥kv- kv-

Iqƒ- ÿm-]n-®-Xv- sIm-®n-bn-em-Wv.-*- -sIm-®n-bn¬- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ-

]-tXy-I- km-º-Øn-I- ta-J-e- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂-Xv- 1983˛-em-Wv.-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- in-ip- ku-lm¿-±- kv-Iqƒ- \-K-c-am-Wv- sIm-®n-(2008).-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- sS-e-t^m- -F-Iv -kv -tN-©v - ÿm-]n -X-am-b-Xv -1923˛¬- sIm-®n-bn-em-Wv.-

*- an-j-W-dn-am-cp-tS-X-√m-Ø- B-Zy- a-e-bm-f- ]-X-am-Wv - sIm-®n -bn¬-\n -∂v -1864˛¬- ]p-d-Øn-d-ßn-b- ]-›n-a-Xm-c-I.- sh-tÃ-¨- Ãm¿- F-∂- Cw-•o-jv-]-X-Øn-s‚- X-\n-X¿-P-a-bm-bn-cp-∂p-A-Xv.-

*- -a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- hm-cn-I-bm-Wv- 1881˛¬- sIm-®n-bn¬-\n-∂v- ]p-d-Øn-d-ßn-b- tI-c-fan-Xw.- I-≠-Øn¬- h-dp-Ko-kv- am-∏n-f-bm-bn-cp-∂p- F-Un-‰¿.-

*- -kv-Xo- -_m-e-]o-V-\-tI-kp-Iƒ- hn-Nm-c-W- sN-øm-≥ cm-Py-sØ- B-Zy-sØ-^m-Ãv- Sm-°v- tIm-S-Xn- ÿm-]n-®-Xv-sIm-®n-bn-em-Wv.-

*- -a-’y-ßƒ-°p-th-≠n-bp-≈- C-¥y-bn-se- B-ZysØ- B-ip-]-Xn- ÿm-]n-°p-∂-Xv- sIm-®n-bn-em-Wv.-

*- -bp.-Pn.-kn-bp-sS- kz-bw-`-c-W-]-Z-hn- e-`n-®- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- k¿-°m¿- tIm-tf-Pm-Wv- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- a-lm-cm-Pm-kv- tIm-tf-Pv.-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- I-ayp-Wn-Ãv-Fw.-F¬.-F.- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-1949˛¬- sIm-®n- \n-b-a-k- mw-K-am-b- C.-tKm-]m-e-Ir-jv-W-ta-t\m-\m-Wv.-

*- F-kv-I-te-‰¿- kw-hn-[m-\-ap-≈- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- sd-bn¬-th- tÃ-j-\m-Wv- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- ku-Øv- (2013).-

*- C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- C-˛-Xp-d-ap-Jw-

sIm-®n-bm-Wv.

* Hcp tIc-fo-bs‚ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ tIc-f-Ønse BZy k¿h-I-em-im-e-bmWv ioi-¶c kwkvIrXk¿h-I-em-im-e.

* s]mXp- -kz-Im-cy ]--¶m-fn-Ø-tØmsSC¥y-bn¬ XpS-ßnb BZysØ_nkn-\kv C≥Ip-t_-‰-dmWv sIm®nÃm¿´v A]v hnt√-Pv.

* Bhiyamb apgph≥ sshZyp-Xnbpwkz¥w \ne-bn¬ D¬]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂temIsØ BZysØ hn-am-\-Øm-h-f-amWv s\Sp-ºm-t»-cn.

* 1583 ¬ a‰p Nne hym-]m-cn-I-fp-samØvCw•-≠n¬ \n∂v ]pd-s∏ v sIm®n-bn-

1. The first Chairman of Indian PlanningCommission:(a) Jawaharlal Nehru(b) C.Rangarajan(c) Dr.S.Radhakrishnan(d)Dr.Rajendraprasad

2. ‘Life is Good’ is the tag line of which ofthe following consumer durablecompany in India?(a) Philips (b) LG(c) Samsung (d) Videocon

3. The Constitution of India does notmention the post of(a) The Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha(b) They Deputy Speaker of the State

Legislative Assemblies(c) The Deputy Chairman of the

Rajya Sabha(d) The Deputy Prime Minister

4.The number of Fundamental Rights whenthe Constitution was brought into force?(a) 7 (b) 8(c) 6 (d) 5

5. The idea of Vice President as thechairman of upper house of Parliamenthas been copied from:(a) USA (b) Canada(c) South Africa (d) Germany

6. The youngest to become the primeminister of India:(a) Indira Gandhi (b) Rajiv Gandhi(c) Chandrasekhar (d) VP Singh

7. Who wrote ‘Ignited Minds’?

(a) APJ Abdul Kalam(b) Dr.Zakkir Hussain (c) VV Giri(d) Sanjiva Reddy

8. In which year the administration ofBritish India was transferred from EastIndia Company to British Crown?(a) 1856 (b) 1855(c) 1857 (d) 1858

9. Name the Indian who passed away atBristol in England in 1833:(a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy(b) WC Bannerjee(c) Dadabhai Navroji(d) None of these

10. What was the age of Gandhiji when hereached India from South Africa in 1915?(a) 45 (b) 55(c) 50 (d) 61

11. The Viceroy when the First World Warwas started:(a) Minto II (b) Hardinge II(c) Chelsmsford (d) Linlithgo

12. The Portuguese under the leadership ofAlbuquerque conquered Goa from theSultan of Bijapur in:(a) 1500 (b) 1505

(c) 1507 (d) 151013. The real name of Jehangir:

(a) Khurram (b) Farid(c) Salim (d) Alamgir

14. Which one of the following was notwritten by Harsha:(a) Nagananda (b) Mrichakatikam(c) Ratnavali (d) Priyadarshika

15. The most famous Saka ruler:(a) Kanishka (b) Menander(c) Rudradaman (d) Gondophernes

16. Amarnath is a holy place for:

(a) Hindus (b) Jains(c) Buddhists (d) Christians

17. On which river is the Bhakra Nangalproject built?(a) Kosi (b) Beas(c) Jhulum (d) Sutlej

18. Where is the famous BrihadeswaraTemple?(a) Madurai (b) Tanjavur(c) Hampi (d) Belur

19. Where is National Film Archives ofIndia?(a) Kolkata (b) Pune(c) New Delhi (d) Chennai

20. The first electric train in India:(a) Fairy Queen (b) Deccan Odyssy(c) Deccan Queen(d) Palace on Wheels

21. Which is called ‘the Hollywood of India’?(a) Hyderabad (b) Mumbai(c) Chennai (d) Kolkata

22. Which river is known as ‘DakshinaGanga’?(a) Krishna (b) Mahanadi(c) Bhima (d) Kaveri

23. In how many languages the denomina-tion is printed in Indian currencies?(a) 15 (b) 16(c) 17 (d) 22

24. The capital of Pakistan when it formedin 1947:(a) Karachi (b) Rawalpindi(c) Islamabad (d) Lahore

25. Asian and European parts of Russia areseparated by...... mountains.(a) Ural (b) Karakkoram(c) Hindukush (d) Alps

Answers1 (a) 2(b) 3 (d) 4 (a) 5(a) 6(b) 7(a) 8(d) 9(a)10(a) 11(b) 12(d) 13(c) 14(b) 15(c) 16(a) 17(d)18(b) 19(b) 20(c)2 1 (b) 22(d) 23 (c) 24 (a)25(a)

Graduate LevelPrevious Questions

se-Ønb amÃ¿ dm¬^v ^n®mWvtIc-f-Øn-se-Ønb BZ-ysØ Cw•o-jpIm-c≥.

* tIµ a¥n-bm-bn-cns° A¥-cn®BZy ae-bmfn ]\-ºn≈n tKmhn-µ-ta-t\m-\m-Wv.

* sIm®n-cm-P-yØv \ntcm-[n-°-s∏´BZ-ysØ ]X-amWv temI-am-\-y≥(1923).

* C¥ybnse BZysØ Fb¿ I≠n-j≥Uv sUap (Uo-k¬ Ce-IvSn-°¬ aƒ´n-∏nƒ bqWn-‰v) HmSn-bXvsIm®n-bn-em-Wv (2015).

* 2004-˛¬ tÃ-‰v- _m-¶v- Hm-^v- C-¥y-bm-Wv- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- H-gp-Ip-∂- F.-Sn.-Fw.- sIm-®n-°pw- ssh-∏n-≥Zzo-]n-\pw- C-S-bn¬- k¿-ho-kv- \-S-Øp-∂- H-cp- P-¶m-dn¬-ÿm-]-n-®Xv.

* `mc-Xob k -I-fn¬\n∂v BZyw ]cn-ip-≤-\mbn ]Jym-]n-°-s∏- Xv (1947)]cp-ae Xncp-ta-\n-bmWv (Ko-h¿Kokvam¿ KntKm-dn-tbm-kv).

* ae-bm-f-Øn¬- A-®-Sn-®- B-Zy-sØ-bm-Xm-hn-h-c-Ww- ]-cp-a-e- Xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-sS- Du¿-iv-tfw- bm-Xm-hn-h-c-W-am-Wv- (1895).- ]-cp-a-e- Xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-sS- sb-cp-i-tew- k-µ¿-i-\-am-Wv- ]-Xn-]m-Zyw.-a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- bm-Xm-hn-h-c-W-am-b- h¿-Ø-am-\- ]p-kv-X-Iw-1785˛¬- F-gp-X-s∏-s -¶n-epw- A-®-Sn-®p-]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv- 1936˛¬- B-Wv.-

* k-®n≥ sS-≥Up¬-°-dp-sS- t]-cn¬- ]-h-en-b-≥ B-cw- n-®- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- tÃ-Un-b-am-Wv- sIm-®n-bn-se- P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp- tÃ-Un-bw.-

* tIc-f-Ønse BZyØ ]£n kt¶-X-amWv Xt´-°m-Sv.

* C¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- k-ºq¿-Æ-K¿- -ÿ- in-ip- Nn-In-’- hn- m-Kw- B-cw-`n-®- A-ar-X- ^o-‰¬- sI-b¿- sk-‚¿- sIm-®n-bn-em-Wv.-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- F.-Sn.-Fw.- kw-hn-[m-\w-G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- B-Zy- k-l-I-c-W-_m-¶v- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- Pn-√m- k-l-I-c-W- _m-¶m-Wv.-

*- -tb-ip-Zm-kn-s\- B-Zy-am-bn- Km-\-K-‘¿-h-≥ F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xv- Pn.-i-¶-c-°p-dp-∏m-Wv.-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- d-∫¿-ssX-\-´-Xv- t\-cy-aw-K-e-Øm-Wv.- tPm-¨-tPm-k- v- a¿- n- F-∂- A-b¿-e-≥Up-Im-c-\m-Wv- A-Xn-\p- ap-≥ssI- F-Sp-Ø-Xv.- ]n-∂o-Sv- tIm-´-bw- Pn-√-bn-se-ap-≠-°-b-Øn-\-Sp-Øp-≈- G-¥-bm-

dn¬- A-t±-lw- d-∫¿- Ir-jn- sN-bv-Xp.-

(XpS-cpw)

H-gp-Ip-∂- F.-Sn.-Fw.

12 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2015 Un-kw-_¿- 15

C¥y≥ kwÿm-\-ßƒ

C¥ybnse ]apJ kwÿm-\-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv HUn-j. Ncn-X-]-chpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-ambH -\-h[n khn-ti-j-X-I-ƒ HUn-j-bv°p-≠v. DXvI-ew, IenwKw XpS-ßnb t]cp-I-fn¬]mNo-\-Imew apX¬ ]kn-≤-amb Cu tZiw AXn-Kw- o-c-amb kmkvIm-cnI aµn-c-ß-fpsS km∂n-[yw-sIm≠v kº-∂-am-Wv. alm-\-Zn-bnse lncm-°pUv AW-s°´pwdq¿t°e Ão¬ πm‚pw mc-X-Øns‚ A`n-am\ \n¿an-Xn-I-fm-Wv. IdpØ ]tKm-UbpwshfpØ ]tKm-Ubpw C¥y-bpsS t£X-\-K-chpw HUn-j-bpsS kz¥-am-Wv. Xe-sb-Sp-∏p≈ cmjvSo-b-t\-Xm-°-sfbpw kmln-Xy-\m-b-I≥am-scbpw Cu \mSv C¥y°v kw`m-h\ sNbvXn- p-≠v. Ah-sb-°p-dn-s®√mw hni-Z-ambn a\- n-em-°mw.

B¿kn kptc-jvIpam¿ [email protected]

HUnj

]tXyIXIƒ* ssh-Zyp-Xn-bp-sS- ]-k-c-W-hpw- hn-X-c-W-

hpw- kz-Im-cy-h¬-°-cn-®- B-Zy- C-¥y-≥kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -k¿-°m¿- Po-h-\-°m¿-°v- C-˛-t]-bv-sa-‚ v-h-gn- i-º-f-hpw- s]-≥j-\pw- \¬-Ip-∂-kw-hn-[m-\w- B-hn-jv-I-cn-®- B-Zy- kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -tem-Im-bp-‡- kw-hn-[m-\w- B-hn-jv-I-cn-®- B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w- (1970).-

*- -D-Xv-I-ew- F-∂- t]-cn¬- C-¥y-bp-sS- tZ-io-b- Km-\-Øn¬- ]-cm-a¿-in-°p-∂- ]-tZ-iw.-

*- -]m-No-\-Im-e-Øv- I-enw-Kw- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂- ]-tZ-iw.

BZysØXv* kzX¥ mcXØn¬ Ing°≥ XocØv

Bcw`n® BZysØ XpdapJw˛]mcZzo]v (IrXn-a- e-Kq-Wn¬- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- C-¥y-≥ Xp-d-ap-Jw-)-

*- -N-Xp-∏p-\n-e- kw-c-£-Wm¿-Y-ap-≈- dw-km¿- I-¨-sh-≥j-≥ ]-ń-I-bn¬- C-¥y-bn¬-\n-∂v- B-Zy-am-bn- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Ø-nXv˛Nn¬°

* apJy-a-¥n-bpw- a-¥n-am-cpw- Dƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈- D-∂-X-]-Z-hn-I-fn-en-cn-°p-∂-h-cp-sS- A-gn-a-Xn-°p-‰w- A-t\z-jn-°m-≥ A-[n-Im-c-s∏-´- tem-I-bp-‡-bp-sS- \n-b-a-\-Øn-\m-bn- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-Ww- \-S-Øn-b- B-Zy-sØ-kw-ÿm-\w- (2014)- H-Un-j-bm-Wv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- s]m-Xp-ta-J-e-bn¬- ÿm-]n-X-am-b- B-Zy-sØ- C-‚-tK-‰-Uv- Ão¬- πm-‚m-Wv- dq¿-t°-e- (1959).-

*- -H-Un-j- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-b- kz-X-¥-\m-Wv-_n-iz-\m-Yv- Zm-kv- (1971).

* World Association of Zoos andAquariums (WAZA) ¬ tN¿-∂- B-Zy-sØ- C-¥y-≥ ar-K-im-e-bm-Wv- \-µ-≥Im-\-≥.-

kq-∏¿-te-‰o-hp-Iƒ-*- -tem-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- \o-fw- Iq-Sn-b- A-

W-s°- v- - ln-cm-°p-Uv- (a-lm-\-Zn-bn-em-Wn-Xv.- 4.-8 In.-ao.- \o-f-ap-≈- ]-[m-\- A-W-s°- n-\p- ]p-d-ta- 21 In.-ao.- \o-f-ap-≈- Nn-d-bpw- ln-cm-°p-Un-\p-≠v.- A-W-s°- n-s‚-bpw- Nn-d-bp-sS-bpw- \o-fw- tN¿-Øp- I-W-°m-°n-bm¬- G-jy-bn-se- longest ma-jor earthen dam ln-cm-°p-Uv- B-Wv-).- ln-

cm-°p-Uv- Um-an-s‚- P-e-kw-`-c-Wn-bp-sS-hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- 743 N-Xp-c-i- In-tem-ao-‰-dm-Wv.-

* C¥ybnse G‰hpw henb XSmIw˛Nn¬° (CXv sNΩo≥ hf¿Øen\v]kn≤amWv)

* C¥ybn¬ Xoc]tZiØp≈ G‰hpwhenb XSmIw˛ Nn¬° (temI-Øn¬-h-ep-∏-Øn¬- c-≠mw-ÿm-\-ap-≈- e-Kq- -C-Xm-Wv-).-

*- -t]-cn-\v- G-‰-hpw- \o-fw- Ip-d-™- C-¥y-bn-se- sd-bn¬-th- tÃ-j-\p-I-fm-Wv- H-Un-j-bn-se Ib (C_v), KpP-dm-ØnseOd.

* `c-W-L-S\ AwKo-I-cn® 18 mj-I-fn¬]X-an-d-ßp∂ C¥y≥ kwÿm-\amWvHUn-j.

* Henhv dnUven IS-em-a-I-fpsS temI-Ønse G‰hpw henb ]P-\\ tIµ-amWv K-ln¿amXm _o®v.

* temI-Ønse G‰hpw hep-sX∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°p∂ ASp°f ]pcn-bnse PK--∂mY t£X-Øn-em-Wv.

* ]pcm-h- -kvXp-imkvX kw-_-‘-ambsXfn -hp -Iƒ ]Imcw C¥y-bnseG‰hpw ]g-°-ap≈ ¢m n-°¬ \rØ-cq]amWv HUo-kn.

* C¥y-bn¬ G‰hpw Iq-Sp-X¬ shfpØISp-h-I-fp≈ arK-im-e-bmWv \µ≥Im-\≥.

* HUn-j-bnse G‰hpw henb \K-c-amWv`ph-t\-iz¿.

* HUn-j-bnse G‰hpw henb t£X-amWv enwK-cm-P-t£-Xw. CXns‚ a[y-tKm-]p-c-Øns‚ Dbcw 55 ao‰-dm-Wv.

A]c\maßƒ* C¥y-bpsS t£X-\-K-cw (IØoU¬

kn‰n Hm^v C¥y) F∂dnbs∏Sp∂Xv˛`pht\iz¿

* HUnjbpsS Cc´ \K-c-ßƒ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv ph-t\-izdpw I´-°pamWv.

* HUnjbpsS ZpxJwF∂dnbs∏Sp∂Xvalm\Zn

* HUnjbpsS kmwkvImcnIXeÿm\w˛ I´°v

* HUnjbpsS ant√\nbw \KcwF∂dnbs∏Sp∂Xv˛ I´°v

* HUnj-bp-sS- Xo-c-]-tZ-i-am-Wv- G-gp-\-Zn-I-fp-sS- Zm-\w- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.-

*- -H-Un-j-bp-sS- I-iv-ao¿- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Daringibadi.

* "Holy Golden Triangle F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ t£X-ß-fmWv enwK-cm-P-t£-Xw

, PK-∂m-Y-t£-Xw, sImWm¿°v kqcy-t£Xw F∂n-h.

][m\s∏´ hkvXpXIƒ* HUnb- `m-j- G-Xv- `m-jm-tKm-X-Øn¬-

s∏-Sp-∂p˛ Ct¥m Bcy≥* knwen]m¬ _tbmkv^nb¿ dnk¿hv

ÿnXn sNøp∂ kwÿm\w˛ Hdok* HUnjbnse ]kn≤amb \rØcq]w˛

HUokn* Atim-I- N-I-h¿-Øn- I-enw-Kw- B-I-

an-®-Xv- _n.-kn.- 261˛¬- B-Wv.-*- -Z-b- \-Zn-bp-sS- Xo-c-Øm-Wv- I-enw-K-bp-≤w-

\-S-∂-Xv.-*- -sX-t°- A-ta-cn-°-bn¬-\n-∂v- H-do-km-Xo-

c-Øv- tZ-im-S-\-Øn-s\-Øp-∂- B-a-I-ƒ˛Henhv dnUven

* kmw-_¬-]q¿- G-Xp- [m-Xp-hn-s‚- J-\-\-Øn-\p- ]-kn≤w˛ I¬°cn

* `n-´m¿-I-Wn-I- I-≠¬-°m-Sv- G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv-˛- H-Un-j-

*- -H-do-k-bp-sS- t]-cv- H-Un-j- F-∂p- am-‰n-b-Xv- 2011˛-em-Wv.- 113˛-a-sØ- `-c-W-L-S-\m- t`-Z-K-Xn- _n¬- ]-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p-Cu- \-S-]-Sn.-

*- -1760˛-se- c-≠mw- I¿-Wm-Sn-Iv- bp-≤-tØm-sS- H-do-k-bp-sS- sX-°-≥Xo-cw- _n-ń-jv-A-[o-\-X-bn-em-Ip-I-bpw- A-Xv- a-Zm-kv- ]-kn-U-≥kn-tbm-Sv- Iq- n-t®¿-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw-sN-bv-Xp.- 1803˛¬- c-≠mw- Bw-t•m-˛-a-dm-Ø- bp-≤-°m-e-Øv- _n-ń-jp-Im¿- a-dm-Ø-sc- ]p-cn-˛-I-´-Iv- ]-tZ-i-Øp-\n-∂v- ]p-

Nn¬° XSmIw

2015 Un-kw-_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 13

d-Øm-°p-I-bpw- H-do-k-bp-sS- D-Ø-c-˛-]-›n-a- Pn-√-I-sf- _w-Kmƒ- ]-kn-U-≥kn-bp-sS- `m-K-am-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-

*- -]-Øp-e-£w- B-fp-Iƒ- a-c-W-a-S-™- H-do-k- £m-aw- 1866˛¬- B-bn-cp-∂p.-

*- -_o-lm¿- B-≥Uv- H-do-k- ]-hn-iy- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂-Xv- 1912˛-em-bn-cp-∂p.- 1936˛-em-Wv- H-do-k- ]-tXy-I- ]-hn-iy-bm-b-Xv.-kzm-X-¥ym-\-¥-cw- 27 \m-´p-cm-Py-ßƒ-1947 Un-kw-_¿- 15\v- H-do-k-bn¬- e-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈- D-S-º-Sn-bn¬- H-∏p-h-®p.-

*- -H-Un-b- m-j-bn-se- kn-\n-am-tem-I-amWvOllywood

][m\ hy‡nIƒ* sIm-Wm¿-°n-se- kq-cy-t£-Xw- \n¿-an-

®-Xv˛ \cknwltZh≥ H∂ma≥* ]pcn-bn-se- P-\-∂m-Y-t£-Xw- \n¿-an-®-

Xv-˛ tNm-U-Kw-K-tZ-h-\pw- A-\w-K-ò-a-tZ-h-\pw (]q¿hNmeqIyhwiw)

* inh\v- k-a¿-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂,- `p-h-t\-iz-dn-se- enw-K-cm-P-t£-Xw- ]-Wn-I-gn-∏n-®-tkm-a-hw-i-cm-Pm-h-mWv Jajati Keshari.

* C¥y-bn-se- c-≠m-a-sØ- h-\n-Xm- ap-Jy-a-¥n-˛ \µn\n kmXv]Xn (1972˛76)

*- -⁄m-\-]o-T-Øn-\¿-l-\m-b- B-Zy-sØ- H-Un-b- km-ln-Xy-Im-c-\m-Wv- tKm-]n-\m-Yv-

* BIvSnMv- ]-kn-U-‚n-\v- ap-ºm-sI- k-Xy-]-Xn-⁄- sN-bv-Xv- A-[n-Im-c-ta-‰- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-bm-Wv- sam-dm¿-Pn- tZ-im-bn.-

*- -enw-K-k-a-Xz-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp-≈- cm-Pym-¥-c- sk-an-\m¿- C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- \-S-Øn-b-Xv- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øm-Wv- (2015).-

*- -a-\p-kv-ar-Xn-bp-sS- B-[p-\n-I- ]-Xn-∏n-se-A-[ym-b-ß-fp-sS- F-Æw- 12 B-Wv.-

*- -H- -I-∏-£n-bp-sS- ]-c-am-h-[n- th-Kw- a-Wn-°q-dn¬- 70 In-tem-ao-‰-dm-Wv.-

*- -]-i-kv-X- kw-Ko-X- kw-hn-[m-b-I-\m-b-Pn.-tZ-h-cm-P-≥ (1927 -2006)- P-\n-®-Xv- sIm-√w- Pn-√-bn-se- ]-c-hq-cn-em-Wv.- Im-ew- am-dp-∂p- F-∂- Nn-X-Øn-\m-Wv- tZ-h-cm-P-

≥ B-Zy-am-bn- kw-Ko-Xw- ]-I¿-∂-Xv-(1955).- h-b-em-dpw- tZ-h-cm-P-\pw- H-cp-an-®- B-Zy- Nn-X-am-Wv- N-Xp-cw-Kw- (1959).-

*- -\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- ÿm-]n-®- A-cp-hn-∏p-dw-t£-X-tbm-K-am-Wv- ]n¬-°m-e-Øv- io-\m-cm-b-W- [¿-a-]-cn-]m-e-\- tbm-Kw- ÿm-]n-°m-≥ t]-c-W-bm-b-Xv.- Xm-sg-Ø-ń¬-im-J,- a-[y-X-e-Øn¬- bq-Wn-b-≥,- G-‰-hpw- ap-I-fn¬- tbm-Kw- F-∂- co-Xn-bn-em-Wv- ]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- L-S-\.-

*- -F-√m- tªm-°p-I-fn-epw- ^n-\m-≥jy¬-en-‰-d-kn- sk-‚-dp-Iƒ- ÿm-]n-®- B-Zy-C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\-am-Wv- tI-c-fw.-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- kv-am¿-´v- _-kv-sj¬-´¿- \n¿-an-®-Xv- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øv-sh-≈-\m-´m-Wv- (2015).-

*- -Ip-ń-Iƒ-s°-Xn-sc-bp-≈- ssew-Kn-I- A-Xn-I-aw- X-S-bp-∂-Xv- e-£y-an-´v- C-¥y-bn¬- 2012˛¬- sIm-≠p-h-∂- \n-b-a-]-Im-cw- 18 h-b- n-\p- Xm-sg-bp-≈-h-sc-bm-Wv-Ip-ń-I-fm-bn- ]-cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- B-[p-\n-I- Aw-K-≥hm-Sn- ]-h¿-Ø-\-am-cmw-`n-®-Xv- tkm-Wn-∏-ń-se- l-k-≥]q¿- hn-t√-Pn-em-Wv-(2015 Pq-¨-).-

*- -D-]-cm-jv-S-]-Xn,- cm-jv-S-]-Xn-bp-sS- Np-a-X-e- h-ln-°p-tºmƒ- cm-Py-k-`m- sN-b¿-am-≥ F-∂- \n-e-bn¬- ]-h¿-Øn-°m-≥]m-Sn-√- F-∂v- hy-h-ÿ- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv- B¿-ń-°nƒ- 64˛¬-- B-Wv.-

*- -C-¥y-bp-sS- ]-c-tam-∂-X- _-lp-a-Xn-bm-b- `m-c-X-c-Xvv-\-bpw- ]m-In-kv-Xm-s‚- ]-c-tam-∂-X- _-lp-a-Xn-bm-b- \n-jm-≥˛-C-˛-]m-In-kv-Xm-\pw- e- n-®- c-≠p-t]-cm-Wv- sam-dm¿-Pn- tZ-im-bn-bpw- s\¬-k-¨- a-t≠-e-bpw.-

*- -kn-bm-s®-≥ Kv-tf-kn-b¿- k-µ¿-in-®- B-Zy-sØ- C-¥y-≥ ]-[m-\-a-¥n- a-≥tam-l-≥ kn-Mv.- c-≠m-a-sØ-Xv- \-tc-µ- tam-Zn.-

*- -C-¥y- I-gn-™m¬- Km-‘n-Pn-bp-sS- Nn-Xw-Ãm-ºn¬- A-®-Sn-®- B-Zy- cm-Pyw- bp.-F-kv.-F.-B-Wv- (1961).- A-Xp-I-gn-™m¬-tImw-tKm- (1967).-

*- -]p-cm-X-\-Im-e-Øv- ]yq-Wn-Iv- bp-≤-ßƒ-\-S-∂-Xv- tdm-apw- Im¿-tØ-Ppw- X-Ωn-em-Wv.-

*- X-t±-i-kz-bw-`-c-W- ÿm-]-\-ß-fn-te-°v-a-’-cn-°p-∂- ÿm-\m¿-Yn-Iƒ-°v- hn-Zym-`ym-k- tbm-Ky-X- \n¿-_-‘n-X-am-°n-b-B-Zy- kw-ÿm-\w- cm-P-ÿm-\m-Wv.- ÿm-\m¿-Yn-I-fp-sS- ho-ń¬- tSm-bv-e-‰v- D-≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂- hy-h-ÿ- Hm¿-Un-\-≥kn-ep-sS- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øm-≥ Xo-cp-am-\n-®- kw-ÿm-\-hpw- cm-P-ÿm-\m-Wv.-

*- I¿-Wm-S-I- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bp-sS- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- h-k-Xn-bm-Wv- A-\p-K-l.-

*- tem-Iv-k-`-bn¬- ]-ń-I-h¿-K-°m¿-°m-bn-kw-h-c-Ww- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂- ko-‰p-I-fp-sS- F-Æw- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- kw-ÿm-\w- a-[y-]-tZ-im-Wv.-

hbemdpw tZh-cm-P\pw Hcp-an® BZy NnXw

sam-l-¥n- (1973).- k-®n-Zm-\-µ- du-Øv- tdm-bv- B-Wv- c-≠m-a-≥ (1986).-

* I -°n-s\- H-do-k-bp-sS- X-e-ÿm-\-am-°n-b- cm-Pm-hm-Wv- B-\-µ-h¿-a-≥ tNm-U-Kw-K.- 1948˛-em-Wv- `p-h-t\-iz-dn-\v- B- ]-Z-hn- e-`n-®-Xv.-

*- -H-do-k- -cn-®- J-c-th-e- cm-Pm-hv- ssP-\-a-X- hn-izm-kn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.-

*- -⁄m-\-]o-T-Øn-\¿-l-\m-b- sF.-F.-F-kv.- Hm-ô-k-dm-b- H-Un-b- km-ln-Xy-Im-c-\m-Wv- ko-Xm-Im-¥v- a-lm-]m-X- (1993).-

*- -H-Un-j- ap-Jy-a-¥n- ÿm-\w- h-ln-®- A-—-\pw- a-I-\-\p-am-Wv- _n-Pp- ]-Sv-\m-bn-°pw-\-ho-≥ ]-Sv-\m-bn-°pw.

][m\ ÿeßƒ* _nPp- ]-Sv-\m-bn-Iv- A-¥¿-tZ-io-b- hn-am-

\-Ø-mhfw FhnsSbmWv˛ pht\iz¿* ctYm¬khw (Car Festival) \S°p∂

PK∂mYt£Xw FhnsSbmWv˛ ]pcn* knwen]m¬- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\w- G-Xp- kw-

ÿm-\-Øv-˛- H-Un-j-*- -\-µ-≥ Im-\-≥ _-tbm-f-Pn-°¬- ]m¿-°v-

G-Xp- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv-˛- H-Un-j-*- -_-cm-a-Xn- tÃ-Un-bw- F-hnsSbmWv˛

I´°v* sImcm-]p-Sv- A-ep-an-\n-bw- t]m-P-Iv-Sv- G-

Xv- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv-˛- H-Un-j-*- -kw-_¬-∏q¿- G-Xv- \-Zn-bp-sS- Xo-c-Ø-mWv

alm\Zn* Nmµn-∏q¿-˛-Hm-¨-˛-ko-bn¬- h-®m-Wv- C-

¥y- an-ssk¬- hn-t£-]-W- ]-co-£-W-ßƒ- \-S-Øp-∂-Xv.-

*- -B-Zn-i-¶-c-≥ tKm-h¿-[-\- a-Tw- ÿm-]n-®-Xv- ]p-cn-bn-em-Wv.- B-Zy-sØ- a-Tm-[n-]-Xn- ]-Zv-a-]m-Z-cm-bn-cp-∂p.

][m\ ÿm]\ßƒ* sk≥S¬ ssdkv dnk¿®v C≥Ãn‰yq´v

FhnsSbmWv˛ I´°v* dq¿t°-e- Ão¬- πm-‚ v- G-Xp- cm-Py-Øn-

s‚-k-l-I-c-W-tØm-sS-bm-Wv- \n¿-an-

®Xv˛ P¿a\n* sk-≥S¬- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- Hm-^v- s^-jv-hm-

´¿- A-Izm-Iƒ-®¿- `p-h-t\-iz-dn-em-Wv.-*- Satkosia Tiger Reserve, Baisipalli

Wildlife Sanctuary F∂n-h- H-Un-j-bn-em-Wv.-

* CuÃv- tIm-Ãv- sd-bn¬-th- tkm-Wn-s‚-B-ÿm-\w- `p-h-t\-iz¿- B-Wv.- Cu-tkm-Wn-\p- Io-gn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b-tÃ-j-≥ B-‘m-]-tZ-in-se- hn-im-J-]-´-W-am-Wv.-

*- -H-Un-j- ssl-t°m-S-Xn-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\w-I-´-°n-em-Wv.-

Ipg∏n°p∂hkvXpXIƒ

* IdpØ ]tKmU F∂dnbs∏Sp∂XvsImWm¿°nse kqcyt£XamWv.bqtdm-]y≥ \mhn-I-cmWv Cu t]cv\¬Inb-Xv. IenwK B¿°n-sS-IvN¿ssien-bn-emWv CXns‚ \n¿am-Ww.shfpØ ]tKmU F∂p hnfn-°p-∂Xv]pcn-bnse PK-∂mY t£X-sØ-bm-Wv.

* Ing-°≥ KwK cmP-hw-i-Øns‚ Xe-ÿm\w Ienw-K-\-K-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. CXvC∂sØ B‘m ]tZ-inse ioIm-Ipfw Pn√-bnse ioap-J-enwKw F∂ÿe-am-Wv.

A]q¿h hkvXpXIƒ* temIØnse GI Ncn™ t£Xw

Hdo bnemWv. Leaning Temple ofHuma F∂dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- Cu- in-h-t£-Xw- H-Un-j-bn-se- kmw-_¬-∏q¿- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv.-

*- -sX-t°- A-ta-cn-°-≥ Xo-c-Øp-\n-∂v- ap-´-bn-Sm-\m-bn- H-Un-j-bp-sS- Xo-c-Øp-≈- n-´m¿- I¿-Wn-I- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\-Øn-se-Øp-∂- I-S-em-a-bn-\-am-Wv- H-en-hv- dn-Uv-en.-

*- -cm-P-dm-Wn- t£-Xw- H-do-k-bn-em-Wv.-*- -H-Un-j-bn-se- P-K-Xv-kn-Mv-]q¿- Pn-√-bn-em-

Wv- am- k-c-fm- t£-Xw.-

*- -im-kv-X-sØ- P-\-Io-b-h-Xv-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p -≈- D-Zy -a -ßƒ-°v bps\kvtIm\¬Ip∂ AwKo-Im-c -amb IenwKss]kv- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\v- ap-≥ssI-sb-Sp-Ø-Xv- ap-≥ H-Un-j- ap-Jy-a-¥n- _n-Pp- ]-Sv-\m-bn-Iv- B-Wv.- I-enw-K- u-t≠-j-≥ S-Ãn-\m-Wv- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-s‚- Np-a-X-e.-

*- -B-[p-\n-I- `p-h-t\-iz¿- \-K-cw- cq-]-I-ev-]-\- sN-bv-X- P¿-a-≥ B¿-°n---sS-Iv‰mWvOtto Konigsberger.

* sImWm¿°v kqcy-t£Xw I≠n-´mWvChnsS ine-bpsS `mj a\p-jys‚`mjsb adn-I-S-°p∂p (Here the lan-guage of stone surpasses the languageof human.) F∂v alm-Ihn c_o-µ-\mYv SmtKm¿ ]d-™-Xv.

* almflm Km‘nsb Bcm-[n-°p∂t£Xw kmw_¬∏q¿ Pn√-bnse mX-bn-em-Wv.

* `ph-t\-iz-dn\v kao-]-ap≈ DZ-b-KncnKpl-I-fn-emWv Jc-the cmPm-hns‚lYn-Kpw` imk-\w. ]mIrX mj-bn¬_“n en]n-bn-emWv CXv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. DZ-b-Kn-cn-bn¬ 18 Kpl-Ifpw Jµ-Kn-cn-bn¬ 15 Kpl-Ifpw D≠v.DZ-b-Kn-cn-bnse 14-˛-asØ Kpl-bn-emWvlYn-Kpw` imk-\w.

* 1997-˛¬ cq]wsIm≠ _nPp P\-Xm-Z-fns‚ Xnc-s™-Sp∏v Nn”w iwJm-Wv.

*- -aym-≥a¿- -Xm-bv-e-≥Uv- A-Xn¿-Øn-bn-eq-sS-H-gp-Ip-∂- \-Zn-bm-Wv- km¬-ho-≥.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- bm-X-°m¿-°v- ku-P-\y-am-bn- ssh- -ss - kw-hn-[m-\w- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- sd-bn¬-th- tÃ-j-\m-Wv-\yq-U¬-ln- (2013).-

*- -1916 am¿-®v- F-ń-\m-Wv- \m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- Pn-√-bn-se- ]-≈p-cp-Øn-bn¬- `-hm-\o-iz-c-t£-Xw- ÿm-]n-®-Xv.-

*- -sIm-®n-bp-sS- izm-k-tIm-iw- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- aw-K-f-h-\-am-Wv.-

*- -]-X-]-h¿-Ø-I- k-aq-l-sØ- P-\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-se- t^m¿-Øv- F-tÃ-‰v- F-∂v- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®- Bw-t•m-˛-sF-dn-jv- tÃ-‰v-kv-am-\m-Wv- F-Uv-a-≠v- _¿-Iv.-

*- -Im-tem- l-cn-¨- (I-dp-Ø- am-≥)- F-∂-A-]-c-\m-a-Øn-e-dn-b-s∏-´- ^p-Sv-t_m-f¿-sF.-Fw.-hn-P-b-≥ B-Wv.-

14 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2015 Un-kw-_¿- 15

1. A medicine for producing sleep:(a)Narcotic (b) Sporadic(c) Anaemic (d) Antiseptic

2. Even a ____ glance will reveal themystery.(a)crude (b) cursory(c) critical (d) curious

3. Which is opposite in meaning to‘Unpredictable’?(a)Dependable (b) Nature(c) Laudable (d) Compliant

4. Find the mis-spelt word:(a)Beetle (b) Beautifull(c) Bearable (d) Beautician

5. Fate smiled ___ him in all his ventures.(a)upon (b) on(c) at (d) over

6. This sort of situation will not be allowedto last ___ long.(a)till (b) up(c) until (d) for

7. Half the people of the village werecarried off by the epidemic (Choose themeaning of the idiom underlined):(a)forced to migrate (b) killed

(c) affected (d) make homeless8. My friend like ____ work on extra

projects.(a)from (b) at(c) of (d) to

9. A poor man _____ I knew nursed theorphan.(a) who (b) whom(c) that (d) which

10. Oil is good ____ burns.(a) for (b) with(c) at (d) by

11. Pending under judicial consideration:(a) Pro rata (b) Ultra vires(c) Versus (d) Sub judice

12. A place where bees are kept:(a)Apiary (b) Aviary(c) Cage (d) Mint

13. Which one is not singular?(a)Medium (b) Genius(c) Data (d) Radius

14. He is proficient ____ mathematics.(a)in (b) by(c) for (d) with

15. Which word means ‘To treat cruelly’?

(a) Prosecute (b) Persecute(c) Proscribe (d) Instigate

16. ‘To spill the beans’ means:(a) To misbehave (b) To keep secrets(c) To reveal secret information(d) To talk irrelevant

17. Which of the following is synonymousto the word ‘Conjecture’:(a)Magic (b) Guess(c) Position (d) Form

18. His father often connives_____ hisfollies.(a)in (b) at(c) for (d) by

19. What a ______ picture! (Complete thesentence with the appropriate form ofthe word ‘FASCINATE’):(a)fascination (b) fascinated(c) fascinate (d) fascinating

20. He _____(begin) his speech before we_____ (arrive): Fill in the blanks withthe correct form of verbs.(a)had begun, arrived(b) will begin, will arrive(c) was beginning, arriving

(d) began, arrived21. Find the misspelt word:

(a)Inspector (b) Proprietor(c) Admiror (d) Jailor

22. She ran ____ the room.(a)in (b) into(c) out (d) off

23. In the fierce attack, the enemies werecompletely wiped ____.

(a) out (b) away(c) off (d) over

24. Choose the word that can besubstituted for ‘that which lasts forever’:

(a) Eternal (b) Ephemeral(c) Stable (d) Permanent

25. If you requested him, he ____ you.(a) will help (b) will be helping(c) would help (d) would have helped

Answers1 (a) 2(b) 3 (a) 4 (b) 5(c) 6(d) 7(b) 8(d) 9(b)10(a) 11(d) 12(a) 13(c) 14(a) 15(b) 16(c)17(b) 18(b) 19(d) 20(a) 21(c) 22(b) 23(a)24(a) 25(c)

General English

1. FGHI: OPQR :: BCDE :?(a) KLMJ (b) KLMN(c) IUWJ (d) STUW

2. The profit obtained on selling an articlefor Rs.480 is equal to the loss incurredwhen the same article is sold forRs.340. What is the cost price of thearticle?(a) Rs.400 (b) Rs.420(c) Rs.450 (d) Rs.410

3. Prema correctly remembers that lastyear the exams were held before Junebut after February. Sita correctlyremembers that last year the examswere before September but after April.In which month of the year were theexams definitely held?(a) May (b) July(c) January (d) October

4. Successive discount of 10 % and 20%are equivalent to a single discount of:(a) 20% (b) 24%(c) 28% (d) 30%

5. CBD,GFH,KJL,?,SRT(a) ONP (b) POQ(c) NQP (d) WVX

6. Ahmed’s age at present is equal to thetotal ages of his four children. After 20years his age will be only one half oftheir total ages. How old is ahmed?(a) 25 (b) 30(c) 35 (d) 40

Test of Arithmetic and Mental Ability7. Which is the odd one?

(a) Iron (b) Copper(c) Aluminium (d) Oxygen

8. Average age of a class of 20 studentsis 14 years. If the teacher’ age isincluded, the average age increases byone. What is the age of the teacher?(a) 35 (b) 26(c) 28 (d) 24

9. In a certain code DELHI is written as73541 and Calcutta as 82589662, thenhow can CALICUT be written?(a) 5279431 (b) 5978013(c) 8251896 (d) 8543691

10. The average of A and B is 25. Theaverage of B and C is 15. What is thevalue of A?(a) 20 (b) 30(c) 35 (d) 40

11. Harish sits on the right of Satish. Satishsits between Manish and Girish. Whosits farthest to the right?(a) Satish (b) Girish(c) Manish (d) Harish

12. The difference between 58% and 23%of a number is 994. What is the 25%of that number?(a) 994 (b) 701(c) 710 (d) 711

13. Feet: Toe :: Hand:?(a) Fingers (b) Palm(c) Thumb (d) Nail

14. 18 x 12x ___= 1944(a) 7 (b) 9(c)11 (d) 12

15. Ramu said “This girl is the wife of thegrandson of my mother” . Who is Ramuto the girl?(a) Father(b) Father-in-law(c) Grandfather(d) Husband

16. The sum of the greatest and smallestnumbers of four digits:(a) 10,000 (b) 10,111(c) 10,999 (d) 11,110

17. There are 10 crows in sitting on abranch. One is shot at with a gun andis killed. How many remain there?(a) 3 (b) 2(c) 9 (d) None of these

18. The ratio of marks secured by Shiji inMaths and Science subjects is 5:2. Bywhat percentage is his marks inscience less than in Maths?(a) 25% (b) 37.5%(c) 40% (d) 60%

19. Find the missing term which willcomplete the series:15,5,17,7,19,9,21,11,?(a) 23 (b) 11(c) 25 (d) 13

20. The area of the largest triangle that canbe inscribed in a semi circle of 5 cm

radius will be:(a) 25 sq.cm (b) 135 sq.cm(c) 50 sq.cm (d) 100 sq.cm

21. If CANDLE is coded as BBMEKF. Thenthe word GARMET is coded as:(a) FBMQTSN (b) FEGOHTU(c) FBQNDOS (d) FBGOTSI

22. 40% of 80+ x= 60% of 90. What is thevalue of x?(a) 28 (b) 9(c) 22 (d) 55

23. Which is the odd one?(a) Breathing (b) Whistling(c) Singing (d) Crying

24. Resmi scored 480 marks in anexamination. Resmi’s score exceedsthe pass mark by 12% of the maximumaggregate marks. If the maximumaggregate marks is 500, then find themarks required to pass theexamination:

(a) 420 (b) 310(c) 430 (d) 350

25. If the day after tomorrow is Friday, whatwill be third day after tomorrow be?

(a) Saturday (b) Monday(c) Sunday (d) Friday

Answers1 (b) 2(d) 3 (a) 4 (c) 5(a) 6(d) 7(d) 8(a) 9(c)10(b) 11(d) 12(c) 13(a) 14(b) 15(b) 16(c) 17(d)18(d) 19(a) 20(a) 21(c) 22(c) 23(a) 24(a) 25(c)

2015 Un-kw-_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 15

]mNo\C¥y

* C¥ym-N-cn-X-Øn¬- H-cp- ]p-Xn-b- A-[ym-b-Øn-\p- Xp-S-°w- Ip-dn-®p-sIm-≠v- B-cy-≥am¿- C-hn-tS-°v- Ip-Sn-tb-dn.- C-t¥m-˛- bq-tdm-]y-≥ F-∂p- hy-h-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- H-cp-h-en-b- Ip-Spw-_-Øn-se- Aw-K-ß-fm-b- A-h¿- Im-bn-I-ti-jn- Iq-Sn-b-h-cpw- bp-≤-]n-b-cp-am-bn-c-p∂p.

Bcy≥amcpsS kztZiwBcy-≥am-cp-sS- kz-tZ-iw-

G-sX-∂-Xp- kw-_-‘n-®v- hy-Xy-kv-X- A-`n-]m-b-ßƒ- \n-e-hn-ep-≠v.-

s]m-^.- am-Iv-kv-ap-≈-dp-sS- A-`n-]m-b-Øn¬- B-cy-≥am-cp-sS- kz-tZ-iw- a-t[y-jy-bm-Wv.-

Z-bm-\-µv- k-c-kz-Xn-bp-sS-A- n-]m-b-Øn¬- Sn-_-‰v- B-Wv.-

B-cy-≥am¿- B¿-ń-Iv- ]-tZ-i-Øv- P-∑-sa-Sp-Øp- F-∂m-Wv- _m-e-Kw-Km-[-c- Xn-e-I-s‚- A-`n-]m-bw.-

s]m-^.- a-Iv-sUm-W-en-s‚- \n-K-a-\-Øn¬- B-kv-tSm-˛-lw-tK-dn-b-≥ (sX-°p- In-g-°-≥ bq-tdm-∏v-)- ]-tZ-i-am-Wv- B-cy-≥am-cp-sS- kz-tZ-iw.-

tUm.-F.-kn.- Zm-kn-s‚- A- n-]m-b-Øn¬-k-]v-X- kn-‘p- ]-tZ-i-am-Wv- B-cy-≥am-cp-sS- P-∑-tZ-iw.-

B-cy-≥am-cp-sS- B-Zn-a-\m-Sv - ]-›n-a-ssk-_o-cn-b- F-∂v- A- n-]m-b-s∏- -Xv- tam¿-

K-≥ B-Wv.-Kw-Km-\m-Yv- Pm- A- n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- B-

cy-≥am-cp-sS- kz-tZ-iw- _-“¿-jn- tZ-iw- F-∂m-Wv.-

a-[y-tZ-iw- A-Y-hm- B-[p-\n-I- D-Ø¿-]-tZ-im-Wv- B-cy-≥am-cp-sS- kz-¥w- \m-Sv- F-∂v- A-`n-]m-b-s∏-´-Xv- cm-Pv-_-en- ]m-Wv-sU-B-Wv.-

B-cy-≥am¿- I-ta-W- Zm-hn-U-h¿-K-

Øn¬-s∏-´- \m-´p-Im-sc- A-h-cp-sS- B-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- \n-jv-Im-k-\w- sN-bv-Xv- B-ÿ-e-ßƒ- kz-¥-am-°n.- X-ß-fp-tS-Xm-b- H-cp- Po-hn-X-co-Xn-bpw- kw-kv-Im-c-hpw- A-h¿-D-Ø-tc-¥y-bn¬- ]-Sp-Øp-b¿-Øn.-

B-cy-≥ F-∂- hm-°n-\¿-Yw- Ip-eo-\-X-

bp-≈-h≥ (Noble) F∂mWv.-Zm-hn-U¿- s]m-°w- Ip-d-™v- I-dp-Ø- \n-

d-ap-≈-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p.- B-cy-≥am¿- D-b-c-ap-≈-h-cpw- sh-fp-Ø-\n-d-ap-≈-h-cpw- kp-ap-J-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p.- B-cy-≥am¿- Zm-hn-U-sc- ]-cn-lm-k-]q¿-hw- hn-fn-®n-cp-∂- t]-cm-Wv- Z-kyp-°ƒ-A-Y-hm- Zm-k-≥am¿.

BcyhXvIcWwhnhn-[-L-´-ß-fn-em-bn-´m-

Wv- B-cy-h-Xv-I-c-Ww- \n¿-h-ln-°-s∏-´-Xv.- _n.-kn.-1500˛-\v- Ip-d-®p-ap-ºm-bn- Xp-S-ßn-b- Cu- ]-In-b- A-h-km-\n-®-Xv- _n.-kn.-600 -Hm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.- A-t∏m-tg-°pw- D-Ø-tc-¥y- ap-gp-h-≥ B-cy- kzm-[o-\-Øn-em-bn-°-gn-™n-cp-∂p.- In-kv-Xp-hn-\p-ap-ºp-≈- \q-‰m-≠p-I-fn¬-Ø-s∂-B-cy-kw-kv-Im-cw- sU-°m-Wn-epw- Z-£n-tW-¥y-bn-epw- hym-]n-®p- Xp-S-ßn.-

B-cy-kw-kv-Im-c-sØ- Z-£n-tW-¥y-bn-te-°v- B-Zy-am-bn- ]-N-cn-∏n-®-Xv- A-K-kv-Xy-ap-\n-bm-sW-∂v- I-cp-Xp-∂p.-

E-tKz-Z- kw-kv-Im-c-Øn-s‚-tI-µ-ÿm-\w-

b-ap-\,- k-Xv-e-Pv- F-∂o- \-Zn-I-fp-sS- C-S-bn-ep-≈- q-]-tZ-i-am-bn-cp-∂p- E-tKz-Z- kw-kv-Im-c-Øn-s‚- tI-µ-ÿm-\w.-

EtKzZImeL´w(Early Vedic Period)

* `q -tKm-fØn-s≥-d 70.92% ISem-Wv. -]k^n-Iv- (35.-52),- AXv-em≥-dn-Iv- (20.-88)-,- C¥ym-kap-Zw- (14.-52)- F∂n-hbm-Wv-][m-\ kap-Zßƒ- (kao-]sØ ISep-Ifpw- tN¿-Øv)-

]k^n-Iv-* G‰hpw- hen-b kap-Zam-Wv- ]k^n-Iv-

AYhm- im-¥kap-Zw.-- 16,-42,-40,-000 N.-In. -ao. - hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bp-≈ ]k^n-Iv -BsI IS¬- hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bp-sS 46 iam-\w- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂p.- ]iv-Nn-a ]k^n-°n-se adn-bm-\ S©n-ep-≈ Chal-lenger Deep BWv- G‰hpw- Bgap-≈`m-Kw.-

* ]k-^nIv kap-Z-Øn\v XntIm-Wm-Ir-Xn-bm-Wp-≈-Xv. icm-icn Bgw 4500ao‰dne-[nIw hcp-sa-∂mWv IW-°m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

* Cu k-ap-Z-Øns‚ hS-t°-b‰w B¿ńIvkap-Z-am-Wv. ]Sn-™mdv mKØv Gjy,HmkvtS-enb h≥I-c-I-fm-Wv. Ing°v`mKØv Ata-cn-°≥ h≥I-c-I-fm-Wv.sX°v `mKØv A‚m¿ń° kvYnXnsNøp-∂p.

* A‚m¿ń-°-bnse tdmkv IS¬ apX¬s_dnMv IS¬hsc sX°p-h-S-°mbpwCt¥m-\n-jy≥ Xocw apX¬ sImfw-_n-b≥ Xocw hsc Ing-°p-]-Sn-™m-dp-am-bmWv Cu kapZØns‚ ÿm\w.

* GI-tZiw 20.000- ¬ ]cw Zzo]p-Iƒ Cukap-Z-Øn-ep-≠v. Ch-bn¬ A[n-Ihpw]hng Zzo]p-Ifpw A·n-]¿hXP\y

Zzo]p-I-fp-am-Wv. G‰hpw IqSp-X¬A·n ]¿h-X-ß-fp≈ kapZw ]k-^n-°m-Wv.

* ]k-^nIv F∂ Cw•ojv hm°n-\¿Ywim¥w F∂m-Wv. t]m¿®p -Kokv\mhnI\mbn-cp∂ s^¿Un-\m≥Uv aK-√-\mWv ]k-^nIv F∂ t]cp \¬In-b -sX-s∂mcp hmZ -ap -≠v . ^nen -ss∏≥kv hsc-bp≈ Xs‚ bmX-bv°n-S-bn¬ IS¬ t£m`n-°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-\m-em-WtX B t]cv \¬Inb-Xv.

* Ad-_n-I-ƒ Cu kap-Z-Øn\p \¬Int]cmWv _lvsd ssJ¬. Ae-k-]-Ir-Xn-bp≈ kapZw F∂mWv Cut]cn-\¿Yw.

AXv-em≥-dn-Iv-* Cw-•o-jv- A£cam-ebn-se 'S' BIr-

Xn-bn-ep-≈ AXv-em≥-dn-Iv- kap-ZØn-\v- hn-kv-Xo¿-WØn¬- c≠mw- kv-Ym-\am-Wv.- IS¬- hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bp-sS 23.-9iXam-\w- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂ AXv-em≥-dn-°n-s≥-d hn-kv-Xr-Xn- 8,-65,-60,-000 N.-In.-ao.- BWv.- G‰hpw- Bgap-≈ `m-Kw-]q¿t´m-dn-t°m- S©v.- Gddhpw- Xn-c°p-Iq-Sn-b kap-Zam-Wn-Xv.

* AXvem-‚nIv kap-Z-Øns‚ hS-t°-b‰w B¿ńIv kap-Z-am-Wv. Ing-°p-`m-KØv bqtdm-∏v, B-^n-°≥ h≥I-c-I-fm-Wv. ]Sn-™mdv `mKØv Ata-cn-°≥ h≥I-c-I-fm-Wv. sX°p-`m-KØvA‚m¿ń-°-bm-Wv.

* Ko°p -]p -cm -W-Ønse A‰vekv

tZhs‚ t]cn¬\n-∂mWv kap-Z-Øn\vB t]cp e`n-®-Xv.

* temIØv G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Pe-]-hmlw G‰p-hm-ßp∂ kap-Z-amWvAXvem‚n-Iv.

* temIsØ h≥\-Zn-I-fmb Ba-tkm- ,tImwtKm, ss\P¿, dtbmsZ emπm-‰,sk‚ v temd≥kv F∂nh ]-Xn-°p-∂Xv AXvem‚n-°n-em-Wv.

* AXvem‚n-°ns‚ A\p-_‘ IS-ep-I-fmb saUn-‰-td-\n-b≥, Icn-¶-S¬,t\m¿Øv ko, _mƒńIv IS¬,saIvknt°m Dƒ°-S¬ F∂n-h-bn¬bmX Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p∂ ss\¬,Um\yq-_v, ssd≥, an u-dn- -an- n- n-∏n,dtbmsZKm≥tUm F∂o \Zn-IfnsePehpw FØp-∂Xv AXvem‚n-°n-em-Wv.

* DØc AXvem‚n-°n-emWv s_¿apUSbmw--Knƒ. \nc-h[n I∏-ep-Ifpw hnam-\-ßfpw Zpcq-l-amb kml--N--cy-Øn¬Cu `mKØv A]-Xy-£-am-b-Xn-\m-emWv Cu t]cv e`n-®-Xv.

C¥y≥- alm-kap-Zw-* Hcp- cm-Py-Øn-s≥-d t]cn-edn-bs∏Sp-∂

GI kap-Zw.- 7,-34,-30,-000 N.-In.-ao.- hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bp-≠v.- G‰hpw- Bgap-≈ `m-Kw- Diamantina Deep (8047 m)

* kao-]ap-≈ ISep-Iƒ- Hgn-hm-°p-Ibpw-B¿- n-°n-s\ Hcp- kap-Zam-bn- ]cn-KWn-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xm¬- kap-Z hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- iXam-\m-Sn-kv-Ym-\Øn¬- C]Im-

cam-Wv- ]k^n-Iv- (46.-0)- AXv-em≥-dn-Iv-(23.-9),- C¥y≥- 20.-3,- B¿-ń-Iv-˛3.-7,- a‰p-ISep-Iƒ- 6.-1.-

* ]Sn-™mdv B^n-°, Ing°v HmkvtS-en-b, hS°v Gjy, sX°v A‚m¿ń°F∂n-ß-s\-bmWv C¥y≥ alm-k-ap-Z-Øns‚ AXn-cp-Iƒ.

* sN¶-S¬, Ad-_n-°-S¬, t]¿jy≥IS¬, B≥U-am-≥ IS-¬, _wKmƒDƒ°-S¬ F∂nh C¥y≥ alm-k-ap-Z-Øns‚ `mK-am-Wv.

* aU-Km-kvI¿, ioe-¶ F∂nh Cu kap-Z-Ønse Zzo]p-I-fm-Wv.

B¿ńIv kapZw* DØ-cm¿[ tKmf-Øn¬ ][m-\-ambpw

B¿ńIv ]tZ-i-ØmWv B¿ńIvkapZw ÿnXn sNøp-∂-Xv. C‚¿\m-j-W¬ ssltUm-Km- nIv Hm¿K-ss\-tk-j-≥ CXns\ Hcp kap-Z-ambnAwKo-I-cn-®n- p-≠v. F∂m¬, Nne kap-Z-hn-⁄m-\n-I¿ CXns\ A‚m¿ńIvkap-Z-Øns‚ Hcp imJ-bmbn amXtaIW-°m-°p-∂p-≈p.

kap-Zßƒ-

Ez-tKz-Z-Øn¬- ]m-[m-\y-tØm-sS- ]-cm-a¿-°p-∂-Xpw- C-t∏mƒ- C-√m-Ø-Xp-am-b- \-Zn-bm-Wv- k-c-kz-Xn.-

Kw-Km-\-Zn-sb-∏-‰n- E-tKz-Z-Øn¬- H-tc-sbm-cp- ]-cm-a¿-i-am-Wp-≈-Xv.-

b-ap-\-bp-sS- sX-°p-≈- ]-tZ-i-tØ-°v- B-cy-≥am-cp-sS- B-[n-]-Xyw- hym-]n-®n-cp-∂n-√.-

B-cy-≥am¿- C-¥y-bn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- hm-k-ap-d-∏n-®- ]-tZ-i-am-Wv- k-]v-X-kn-‘p- A-Y-hm- ]-©m-_v- (kn-‘p-hpw- A-©p-t]m-j-I-\-Zn-I-fpw- (Q-ew,-Nn-\m-_v,-c-hn,-_n-bm-kv,-k-Xv-e-Pv-)- k-c-kz-Xn-bpw- tN-cp-∂-Xm-Wv- k-]v-X-kn-‘-p).

kmaq-lnI kmº-ØnIPohnXw

Bcy-k-ap-Zm-bw- E-tKz-Z-Im-e-Øv- ]-Xn-s\m-∂v- tKm-X-ß-fm-bn- hn-`-Pn-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂p.- Zm-hn-U-tcm-Sv- A-h¿- \n-c-¥-c- kw-L¿-j-Øn-te¿-s∏-ń-cp-∂p.-

B-cy¿- A-t\zm-\yw- I-e-ln-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-s∂-¶n-epw- Zm-hn-U-h¿-K-°m¿-s°-Xn-cm-b-k-a-c-Øn¬- A-h¿- sF-Iyw- ]p-e¿-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.- F-∂m-epw- i-Xp-°-sf- ]q¿-W-am-bn- Io-g-S-°p-∂-Xn¬- B-cy-≥am¿- hn-P-bn-®n-√.-

B-cy- Zm-hn-U- kw-L¿-j-Øn-se- H-cp-]-[m-\- kw- -h-am-bn-cp-∂p- ]-cp-jv-Wn- (c-hn-)-\-Zo-Xo-c-Øp-h-®p-\-S-∂- bp-≤w.- C-Xn¬- -c-X- tKm-X-Øn-s‚- cm-Pm-hm-b- kp-Zm-k-≥ ]-Øp- cm-Pm-°-≥am-cpƒ-s∏-´- H-cp- bp-≤-k-Jy-sØ- X-I¿-°p-I-bpw- h-ºn-®- hn-P-bw- I-c-ÿ-am-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

thƒUv tPmK^n

2

16 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2015 Un-kw-_¿- 15

CuÃn-¥ym-°-º-\n-bp-sS- Io-gn¬- C-

¥y-bn¬- H-cp- -c-W-kw-hn-[m-\w- cq-]-s∏-Sp-

Øm-\m-Wv- 1773se-bpw- 1784se-bpw- \n-b-a-

ßƒ- sIm-≠p-h-∂-Xv.- 1833˛-se- \n-b-aw- C-

¥y-°m¿-°v- k¿-°m¿- ]-Z-hn-Iƒ- h-ln-°m-

≥ A-h-k-cw- hy-h-kv-Y- sN-bv-Xp.- 1858˛-se-

\n-b-a-Øn-eq-sS- I-º-\n-bn¬-\n-∂v- `-c-Ww-

_n-ó-jv- `-c-W-ta-[m-hn- t\-cn-t´-s‰-Sp-Øp.-

1861 -se- \n-b-a-Øn-eq-sS- C-¥y-°m¿-°v- ]m-

Xn-\n-[y-ap-≈- kw-hn-[m-\-ßƒ- B-cw-`n-°p-

∂-Xn-\v- hn-Øp-]m-Ip-I-bpw- 1909˛-se- \n-b-

aw- B- Zn-i-bn-se- ]-h¿-Ø-\w- Xz-cn-X-s∏-

Sp-Øp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-

1919˛-se- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v- Hm-^v- C-¥y- B-

Iv-Sv- tI-µ-\n-b-a-\n¿-am-W-k-`-sb- Zzn-a-Wv-

U-e-k-`-bm-°p-I-bpw- _n-ó-jn-¥y-bn-se-

]-[m-\- ]-hn-iy-I-fn¬- Zzn-`-c-Ww- (U-bm¿-

°n-)- hy-h-ÿ- sN-øp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- C-

Xn-eq-sS- ]-hn-iy-I-fp-sS- A-[n-Im-c-ß-sf-

Sm-≥kv-t^-Uv- hn-j-b-ßƒ,- dn-k¿-hv-Uv- hn-

j-b-ßƒ- F-∂n-ß-s\- c-≠m-bn- hn-`-Pn-®p.-

Ir-jn,- B-tcm-Kyw,- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- Xp-S-

ßn-b- A-[n-Im-c-ß-sf- Sm-≥kv-t^-Uv- en-

Ãn¬- (ssI-am-‰w- sN-ø-s∏-´- ]-ń-I-)- Dƒ-

s∏-Sp-Øn.- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-W-k-`-tbm-Sv- D-Ø-

c-hm-Z-s∏-´,- C-¥y-°m-cm-b- a-¥n-am-cm-hpw-

C-h-bp-sS- Np-a-X-e- h-ln-°p-∂-Xv.- dn-k¿-

hv-Uv- en-Ãn¬- Dƒ-s∏- - hn-j-b-ß-fm-b- s]m-

eo-kv,- q-\n-Ip-Xn,- P-e-tk-N-\w- F-∂n-h- bp-

sS- A-[n-Im-cw- A-X-Xv- ]-hn-iym- K-h¿-W¿-

am¿-°m-bn-cn-°pw.- i-≤- B-h-iy-sa-∂v- tXm-

∂p-∂- G-Xv- Im-cy-Øn-epw- K-h¿-W¿-°v-

a-¥n-am-sc- a-dn-I-S-∂v- Xo-cp-am-\-sa-Sp-°mw.-

]-Xn-tcm-[w- (ssk-\yw-),- hm¿-Øm-hn-\n-

a-bw,- hn-tZ-i-Im-cyw- Xp-S-ßn-b-h- bp-sS- \n-

b-¥-Wm-[n-Im-cw- ssh-tkm-bn-bn-em-Wv-

\n-£n-]v-X-am-bn-cp-∂-Xv.- K-h¿-W¿- P-\-d-

en-s‚-bpw- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- F-Iv-kn-Iyp-ó-

hv- Iu-¨-kn-en-s‚-bpw- ta¬- \n-b-a-\n¿-

am-W-k-`-bv-°v- G-sXm-cp- \n-b-¥-Wm-[n-

Im-c-hpw- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- A-tX-k-a-bw-

]-hn-iym- K-h-¨-sa-‚p-I-fp-sS- ta¬- tI-

µ-Øn-\v- A-\n-b-¥n-X- A-[n-Im-c-ß-fp-

≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- am-X-a-√,- thm-´-h-Im-iw- h-

f-sc- I-Wn-i-am-bn- ]-cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw-

sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p.- 1920˛¬- A-t[m-k-`-bv-°v-

909,- 874 thm-´¿-am-cpw- D-]-cn-k-`-bv-°v- 17,-

874 thm-´¿-am-cp-am-Wv- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.-

1861˛¬- B-cw-`n-®- Cw-]o-cn-b¬- se-Pn-

t…-‰o-hv- Iu-¨-kn-en-s\- Cw-]o-cn-b¬- se-

Pn-t…-‰o-hv- A-kw-ªn- F-∂v- ]p-\¿-\m-a-I-

c-Ww- sN-øp-I-bpw- A-Xn-s‚- Aw-K-_-ew-

h¿-[n-∏n-°p-I-bpw- ]p-\- w-L-Sn-∏n-°p-I-

bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- A-sXm-cp- Zzn-a-Wv-U-e- k- -

bm-bn- am-dn.-

A-t[m-k- -bm-b- se-Pn-t…-‰o-hv- A-kw-ªn-

bp-sS- Aw-K-_-ew- 144 B-bn-cp-∂p.- A-h-cn¬-

104 t]-sc- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°m-\pw- 40 t]-sc- \m-

a-\n¿-t±-iw- sN-øm-\pw- hy-h-ÿ- sN-bv-Xp.- aq-

∂v- h¿-j-am-Wv- Cu- k- -bn-se- Aw-K-ß-fp-

sS- Im-em-h-[n.- D-]-cn-k- -bm-b- Iu- -kn¬-

Hm- v- tÃ-‰v-kn¬- 34 Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏- - Aw-

K-ß-fpw- 26 \m-a-\n¿-t±-iw- sN-ø-s∏- - Aw-K-

ß-fpw- D-≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂pw- A-h-cp-sS- Im-

em-h-[n- A-©p-h¿-j-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂p-am-bn-

cp-∂p- hy-h-ÿ.- c-≠p- k- -Iƒ-°pw- \n-b-a-

\n¿-am-W- Im-cy-ß-fn¬- Xp-ey- A-[n-Im-c-am-

Wv- F-∂m-bn-cp-∂p- hy-h-ÿ.-

kn-°p-Im¿,- Bw-Kv-tfm- ˛-C-¥y-°m¿,-

In-kv-Xym-\n-Iƒ,- bq-tdm-]y-≥am¿- F-∂n-h¿-

°v- ]-tXy-I- \n-tbm-P-I-K-Ww- hy-h-ÿ-

sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- ssh-tkm-bn-bp-sS-

F-Iv-kn-Iyq-ó-hv- Iu-¨-kn-en-se- F-´w-K-

ß-fn¬- aq-∂p-t]¿- C-¥y-°m-cm-I-W-sa-∂m-

bn-cp-∂p- \n-b-aw- \n-jv-I¿-jn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.-

K-h-¨-sa-‚ v- Hm-^v- C-¥y- B-Iv-Sv- 1919

\v- cm-P-Io-b- A-\p-a-Xn- e-`n-®-Xv- 1919 Un-

kw-_¿- 23˛-\m-Wv.- sk-I-´-dn- Hm-^v- tÃ-‰v-

B-bn-cp-∂- F-Uzn-≥ km-ap-h¬- sam-t≠-Kp-

hpw- ssh-tkm-bn-bm-bn-cp-∂- sNw-kv-t^m-Uv-

]- p-hpw- tN¿-∂v- -c-W-]-cn-jv-Im-c-Øn-\m-bn-

1918˛¬- k-a¿-∏n-®- dn-t∏m¿-´v- ]-Im-cw- ]m-

km-°n-b- \n-b-a-am-b-Xn-\m¬- C-Xv- sam-t≠-

Kp-˛-sNw-kv-t^m-Uv- `-c-W-]-cn-jv-Im-cw- (tam-

≠v- -t^m-Uv- dn-t^mw-kv-)- F-∂- t]-cn-epw- A-

dn-b-s∏- p.- Cu- -c-W-kw-hn-[m-\w- ]-Øp-h¿-

j-Øn-\p-ti-jw- ]p-\-:-]-cn-tim-[n-°p-sa-∂v-

sam-t≠-Kp- -sNw-kv-t^m-Uv- dn-t∏m¿- n¬- hy-

‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.-

]-hn-iy-I-fn¬- G-I-a-Wv-U-e- k-`-I-fm-

Wv- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂-Xv.- tI-µ-\n-b-a-\n¿-am-W-

k-`-bn¬- Xp-S-°-Øn¬- Aw-K-_-ew- 144 B-

bn-cp-s∂-¶n-epw- ]n-∂o-Sv- H-cw-K-sØ-°q-Sn- Dƒ-

s∏-Sp-Øn-b-tXm-sS- 145 B-bn.

]hniyIfpwko‰pIfpsS FÆhpwB mw-˛-4,- _w-Kmƒ-˛-16,- _o-lm¿- B-

≥Uv- H-do-k- -12,- t_mw-s_- -16,- _¿-a- -4,- sk-

≥S¬- s]m-hn-≥k-kv- -5,- a-Zm-kv- -16,- ]-©m-

_v-˛-12,- bp-ssW-‰-Uv- s]m-hn-≥kv-˛-16,- U¬-

ln,- A-Pv-ao¿-˛-sa¿-hm-d,- h-S-°p- ]-Sn-™m-d-

≥ A-Xn¿-Øn- ]-hn-iy- F-∂n-h-bv-°v- Hm-tcm-

∂p- ho-Xw.- 104 Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp-∂- Aw-

K-ß-fpw- 41 \m-a-\n¿-t±-iw- sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂- Aw-

K-ß-fp-am-Wv- Iu-¨-kn-en¬- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-

Xv.- C-h-cn¬- s]m-Xp-a-Wv-U-e-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- 51

t]-cm-Wv- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.- 31 t]¿- ap-…nw- hn-

`m-K-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- c-≠p-t]¿- kn-Jv- hn- m-K-

Øn¬-\n-∂pw- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Spw.- Iq-Sm-sX-

H-≥]-Xv- bq-tdm-]y¿,- G-gv- `q-hp-S-a-Iƒ,- \m-ev-

_n-kn-\-kp-Im¿- F-∂n-h-sc-bpw- Iu- -kn-

en¬- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øm-≥ hy-h-ÿ-bp-≠m-bn-cp-

∂p.- \m-a-\n¿-t±-iw- sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂- 41 t]-cn¬-

26 t]¿- D-tZym-K-ÿ- (H- o-jy¬-)- Aw-K-ß-

fm-bn-cp-∂p.- C-h-cn¬- 14 t]-sc- ssh-tkm-bn-

bp-sS- F-Iv-kn-Iyp- o-hv- Iu- -kn¬,- Iu- -

kn¬- Hm- v- tÃ-‰v- ,- sk-I-t -dn-b-‰v- F-∂n-hn-

S-ß-fn¬-\n-∂pw- 12 t]-sc- ]-hn-iy-I-fn¬-\n-

∂p-am-Wv- \m-a-\n¿-t±-iw- sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂-Xv.- \m-

a-\n¿-t±-iw- sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂- 15 A-\p-tZym-K-ÿ-

(t\m- - -H- o-jy¬-)- Aw-K-ß-fn¬- 10 t]-

sc- ]-hn-iy-I-fm-Wv- \m-a-\n¿-t±-iw- sN-bv-Xn-

cp-∂-Xv.- _m-°n- A-©p-t]-sc- A-tkm-kn-tb-

‰-Uv- tNw-t_-gv-kv- Hm- v- sIm-ta-gv-kv- B-≥Uv-

C-≥U-kv-Sn,- C-¥y-≥ In-kv-Xy-≥kv,- Bw-t•m-

C-¥y-≥kv,- Un-]-kv-Uv- ¢m-k-kv,- te-_¿- C-

‚-d-Ãv- F-∂o- ]-Xy-I- hn- m-K-ß-sf- ]-Xn-\n-

[m-\w- sN-øp-∂-Xn-\v- C-¥ym- K-h- -sa-‚m-

Wv- \m-a-\n¿-t±-iw- sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂-Xv.

Iu¨knens‚DZvLmS\w

se-Pn-t…-‰o-hv- A-kw-ªn,- Iu-¨-kn¬-

Hm-^v- tÃ-‰v,- tNw-_¿- Hm-^v- ]n-≥k-kv- F-

∂n-h-bp-sS- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- 1921 s^-_p-h-cn- H-

º-Xn-\v- Uyq-°v- Hm-^v- sIm-Wm-´v- U¬-ln-

bn¬- \n¿-h-ln-®p.- C-h- k-tΩ-fn-°p-∂-Xn-

\p-th-≠n- \n¿-an-°p-∂- ]p-Xn-b- a-µn-c-Øn-

s‚- I-√n-S¬- N-S-ßv- 1921 s^-_p-h-cn- 12˛-\v-

\-S-∂p.- 1927 P-\p-h-cn- 18˛-\v- ssh-tkm-bn-

C¿-hn-≥ ]-`p-hm-Wv- \n¿-am-Ww-]q¿-Øn-bm-

b- a-µn-cw- Xp-d-∂p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xv.

BZysØ Xncs™Sp∏vC¥ym-N-cn-X-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Xn-c-

s™-Sp-∏v- 1920˛¬- \-S-∂p.- sU-tam-Im-‰n-Iv-

]m¿-ń-°v- 48 ko-‰p-Iƒ- e-`n-®-t∏mƒ- a-‰p-

≈- ]m¿-ń-I-fpw- kz-X-¥-≥am-cpw- 47 ko-‰p-

I-fn¬- P-bn-®p.- H-≥]-Xv- bq-tdm-]y-cpw- Xn-c-

s™-Sp-°-s∏-´p.- l-cn-kn-Mv- Ku¿- B-bn-cp-

∂p- sU-tam-Im-‰n-Iv- ]m¿-ń- t\-Xm-hv.-

A-kw-_v-fn-bp-sS- B-Zy-sØ- A-[y-£-

\m-bn- _n-ó-jp-Im-c-\m-b- k¿- s^-U-dn-Iv-

ssh-‰n-s\-bm-Wv- \n-b-an-®-Xv.- ]-kn-U-‚ v- F-

∂m-bn-cp-∂p- k- m-[y-£-s‚- ÿm-\-t∏-cv- (kv-

]o-°¿- ]-Z-hn-°v- k-am-\-am-bn-cp-∂p- A-t±-

l-Øn-s‚- Np-a-X-e-Iƒ-).- lu-kv- Hm- v- tIm-

a-¨-kn-se- Aw-Kw,- hn-≥Ã-¨- N¿-®n-en-s‚-

]m¿-e-sa-‚-dn- ss]-h-‰v- sk-I-´-dn- F-∂o-

\n-e-I-fn¬- ]-h¿-Øn-®- ]-cn-N-b-Øn-\p-S-a-

bm-bn-cp-∂p- s^-U-dn-Iv- ssh-‰v.- 1925 h-sc-

A-t±-lw- ]-Z-hn-bn¬- Xp-S¿-∂p.- k-®n-Zm-\-

µ- kn-≥l-bm-bn-cp-∂p- B-Zy- A-kw-_v-fn-bp-

sS- sU-]yq-ń- ]-kn-U-‚ v.- 1925˛¬- A-kw-

ªn-bp-sS- sU-]yq- n- ]-kn-U-‚m-b- hn-T¬- m-

bn- ]-t´-em-Wv- B- ]-Z-hn-bn-se-Øn-b- B-Zy-

sØ- C-¥y-°m-c≥.

Iu¨knepw ]n∂oSp≈Xncs™Sp∏pIfpw]n∂o-Sv- 1923,- 1926,- 1930,- 1934 h¿-j-ß-

fn-epw- 1919˛-se- K-h.-Hm-^v- C-¥y- \n-b-a-Øn-s‚- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏v- \-S-∂p.-

1935˛-se- K-h.-Hm-^v- C-¥y- B-Iv-Sv- ]-Im-cw- sk-≥S¬- se-Pn-t…-‰o-hv- A-kw-ªn-bp-sS- Aw-K-_-ew- 250 B-bn- D-b¿-Øm-\pw-\m-´p-cm-Py-ßƒ-°m-bn- 125 ko-‰p-Iƒ- A-[n-I-am-bn- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øm-\pw- hn-`m-h-\w- sN-bv-Xn-cp-s∂-¶n-epw- ]-cn-jv-I-cn-°-s∏- - k- -bn-te-°v- H-cn-°-epw- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏v- \-S-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn-√.-

\m-´p-cm-Py-ß-fp-sS- hn-k-Ω-Xw-Im-c-Ww-1935˛-se- K-h.-Hm-^v- C-¥y- B-Iv-Sn¬- hn-`m-h-\w- sN-bv-X-Xp-]-Im-c-ap-≈- Hmƒ- C-¥y-s^-U-td-j-≥ cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- km-[n-®n-√.- A-Xn-\m¬- ]-kv-Xp-X- B-Iv-Sv- A-\p-im-kn-®-]-Im-cw- 375 Aw-K-ß-sf- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-I-cw- 1946˛¬- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏v- \-S-∂-Xv- 1919˛-se- K-h.-Hm-^v- C-¥y- \n-b-a-Øn-\v- A-\p-kr-X-am-bn- m-bn-cp-∂p.-A-Xp-Im-c-Ww- 102 ko-‰p-I-fn-te-°m-Wv- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏v- \-S-∂-Xv.- C-¥y-≥ \m-j-W¬- tIm-¨-K-kv- 59 ko-‰p-I-fpw- ap-…nw- eo-Kv- 30 ko-‰p-I-fpw- t\-Sn.- i-c-Xv-N-µ- t_m-km-bn-cp-∂p- k-`-bn¬- tIm-¨-K-kv- t\-Xm-hv.- eo-Kn-s\- Pn-∂-bpw- \-bn-®p.- Pn.-hn.-au-e-¶-dm-bn-cp-∂p- sk-≥S¬- se-Pn-t…-‰o-hv- A-kw-ªn-bp-sS- A-h-km-\-sØ- ]-kn-U-‚ v.- 1947 Hm-K-Ãv- 14 h-sc- A-t±-lw- ]-Z-hn-bn¬- Xp-S¿-∂p.- Cu- k-a-b-sØ- U-]yq-ń- ]-kn-U-‚ v- ap-l-Ω-Zv- bm-an-≥ Jm-≥ B-bn-cp-∂p.-

1947 B-K-Ãv- 15˛-\v- C-¥y- kz-X-¥-am-b-tXm-sS- sk-≥S¬- se-Pn-t…-‰o-hv- A-kw-ªn-bpw- Iu-¨-kn¬- Hm-^v- tÃ-‰pw- C-√m-Xm-Ip-I-bpw- A-Sp-Ø- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏v- h-sc- (1951 -52)- tIm-¨-Ãn-‰yp-h-‚ v- A-kw-ªn- C-¥y-bp-sS- C-S-°m-e- ]m¿-e-sa-‚m-bn- ]-h¿-Øn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bvXp.

Iu¨kn¬ Hm^vtÃ‰vkv

1919˛se- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v- Hm-^v- C-¥y- B-Iv-Sv- ]-Im-cw- 1920˛¬- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂- 60 Aw-K- Iu-¨-kn¬- Hm-^v- tÃ-‰v-kn-s‚- F-Iv-kv--H- o-tjym- A-[y-£-≥ ssh-tkm-bn-bm-bn-

cp-∂p- U¬-ln-bn-se- sa-‰v-Im- v- lu-kn¬-k-tΩ-fn-®n-cp-∂- Iu- -kn-en¬- ssh-tkm-bn-\m-a-\n¿-t±-iw- sN-øp-∂- 26 Aw-K-ß-fpw- hn-hn-[- ]-hn-iy-I-fn¬-\n-∂v- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp-∂- 34 Aw-K-ß-fp-am-Wv- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.-

1935˛-se- K-h.-Hm-^v- C-¥y- B-Iv-Sv- ]-Im-cw- Iu-¨-kn-en-s‚- Aw-K-_-ew- 260 B-bn- D-b¿-Øn.- C-Xn¬- 156 Aw-K-ßƒ- ]-hn-iy-I-fn¬-\n-∂pw- 104 t]¿- \m- p-cm-Py-ß-fn¬-\n-∂pw- B-I-Ww- F-∂m-bn-cp-∂p- hy-h-ÿ.-F-∂m¬,- 1946 h-sc- s^-U-d¬- se-Pn-t…-®-dn-te-°v- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏v- \-S-°p-I-bp-≠m-bnen√.

B[p-\nI C¥y13

Kh¨sa‚v Hm^v C¥y BIvSv 1919

hn-T¬-`m-bn- ]-t´-¬-

2015 Un-kw-_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 17

* Gjy-bn-epw- bq-tdm-∏n-ep-am-bn- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- H-cp- Sm-≥kv-tIm-≠n-s\-‚¬-cm-jv-S-am-Wv- I-k-Jv-ÿm-≥.-

*- -tem-I-Øn¬- hn-kv-Xo¿-W-Øn¬- I-k-Jv-ÿm-s‚- ÿm-\w- H-≥]-Xm-a-Xm-Wv- (2,-724,-900 N.-In.-ao.-).-

*- -tem-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- Iq-Sn-b- C-…m-an-I- cm-jv-Sw- I-k-Jv-ÿm-\m-Wv- (ap-…nw- P-\-kw-Jy- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- C-t¥m-\n-jy-bn¬-).-

*- -tem-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- Iq-Sn-b- I-c-_-≤-cm-Py-am-Wv- I-k-Jv-ÿm-≥.-tem-I-Øv- c-≠p- `q-J-Wv-U-ß-fn-em-bn-ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- c-≠v- I-c-_-Zv-[-cm-Py-ß-fn-sem-∂m-Wv- I-k-Jv-ÿm-≥.- d-jy,-ssN-\,- In¿-Kn-kv-Ym-≥,- D-kv-s_-°n-kv-Ym-≥,- Xp¿-°v-sa-\n-ÿm-≥ F-∂n-h-bm-Wv- A-b¬- cm-Py-ßƒ.- tem-I-Øn-se-G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- X-Sm-I-am-b- Im-kv-]n-b-≥ I-S-ep-am-bn-´pw- A-Xn¿-Øn-bp-≠v.-

*- -A-kv-Xm-\-bm-Wv- I-k-Jv-ÿm-s‚- X-e-ÿm-\w.- cm-Py-sØ- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- \-

K-cw- A¬-am-ń-bm-Wv.- 1997˛-em-Wv- X-e-ÿm-\w- A¬-am-ń-bn¬-\n-∂v- A-kv-Xm-\-bn-te-°v- am-‰n-b-Xv.-

*- -I-k-Jv- B-Wv- tZ-io-b- m-j.- cm-Py-sØ-G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- hw-io-b- hn-`m-K-hpw- I-k-Jv- B-Wv.-

*- -a-Pv-en-kpw- (Mazhilis) sk-\-‰pw- A-S-ßp-∂-Xm-Wv- ]m¿-e-sa-‚ v.-bp-Wn-‰-dn-tUm-an-\-‚ v- ]m¿-ń- ]-kn-U-≥jy¬- dn-∏-ªn-°m-Wv- Cu- cm-jv-Sw.-

*- -tS-≥tK- B-Wv- I-k-Jv-ÿm-\n-se- \m-W-bw.-

*- -C-…m-am-Wv- cm-Py-sØ- ]-[m-\- a-Xw.-In-kv-Xp-a-X-Øn-\m-Wv- c-≠mw- ÿm-\w.-

*- -bp-dm¬- \-Zn-bm-Wv- cm-Py-sØ- ]-[m-\-P-e-]-hm-lw.-

*- -cm-Py-Øn-s‚- q-cn-`m-K-hpw- sÃ-∏n- ]p¬-ta-Sp-I-fm-Wv.- C-hn-sS-bm-Wv- Ip-Xn-c-I-sf-B-Zy-am-bn- C-W-°n- h-f¿-Øn-b-sX-∂v-hn-iz-kn-°p-∂p.- I-k-Jv-ÿm-s‚- tZ-io-b-ar-K-am-Wv- Ip-Xn-c.-

*- -]-Xn-aq-∂mw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- sP-¶n-kv-Jm-≥Cu- ]-tZ-iw- Io-g-S-°n.- ]-sØm-≥]-Xmw-\q-‰m-≠n-s‚- a-[y-tØm-sS- d-jy-≥ \n-b-¥-W-Øn-em-bn.- 1920˛¬- I-k-Jv-ÿm-≥ d-jy-bv-°-I-Øp-X-s∂- kz-X-¥- dn-∏-ªn-°m-bn.- 1936˛¬- I-k-Jv- tkm-hn-b-‰v- tkm-jy-en-Ãv- dn-∏-ªn-Iv- F-∂- t]-cn¬- tkm-hn-b-‰v- bq-Wn-b-s‚- m-K-am-bn.-

*- -tkm-hn-b-‰v- bq-Wn-b-s‚- m-K-am-bn-cp-∂-dn-∏-ªn-°p-I-fn¬- hn-kv-Xo¿-W-Øn¬- c-≠mw- ÿm-\w- I-k-Jv-ÿm-\m-bn-cp-∂p.-

*- -tkm-hn-b-‰v- bq-Wn-b-s‚- X-I¿-®-tbm-sS-1991 Un-kw-_¿- 16˛-\v- kz-X-¥-am-bn.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- H-Sp-hn¬- tkm-hn-b-‰v- bq-Wn-b-\n¬-\n-∂v- hn-´p-t]m-b- L-S-I- cm-Py-am-Wv- I-k-Jv-ÿm-≥.-

*- -1992 am¿-®v- c-≠n-\v- sF-Iy-cm-jv-S-k-`-bn¬- Aw-K-am-bn.-

*- -s_-bv-I-\q¿- tIm-kv-tam-tUmw- I-k-Jv-ÿm-\n-em-Wv.- 2050 h-sc- C-Xv- d-jy-bp-sS- D-]-tbm-K-Øn-\v- th-≠n- eo-kn-\p-\¬-In-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.- tem-I-Øn-se-G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈- tIm-kv-tam-tUm-am-Wv- s_-bv-I-\q¿.-

sI-\n-b-*- -B-^n-°-≥ a-lm-X-Sm-I- ]-tZ-i-Øv- In-

g-°-≥ B-^n-°-bn¬-ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- cm-Py-am-Wv- sI-\n-b.-

*- -hn-Iv-tSm-dn-b,- Smw-K-\yn-I,- a-em-hn,-Sp¿-°m-\,-B¬-s_¿-´v,-In-hp,-F-tUz¿-Uv- F-∂n-h-bm-Wv- B-^n-°-≥ a-lm-X-Sm-I-ßƒ.-

*- -s\-bv -tdm-_n-bm-Wv-sI-\n-b-bp-sS- X-e-ÿm-\w.-

*- -kzm-ln-en,- Cw-•o-jv-F-∂n-h-bm-Wv - Hu-tZym-Kn-I- `m-j-Iƒ.-

*- -\m-j-W¬- A-kw-ªn-

IkJvÿm≥, sI\nb

Confusing Facts

1. Fkv-F-≥Un-]n- tbm-K-Øn-s‚- am-Xr-I-bn-

em-Wv- A-ø-¶m-fn,- km-[p-P-\-]-cn-]m-e-\-kw-Lw- B-cw- n-®-Xv- (1907).- tKm-]m-e-Ir-jv-W- tKm-J-se-bp-sS- sk¿-h-‚ v-kv- Hm-

v- C-¥y- skm-ssk-‰n-bp-sS- am-Xr-I-bn-em-Wv- a-∂-Øv- ]-Zv-a-\m- -≥,- \m-b¿- k¿-ho-kv- skm-ssk-‰n- ÿm-]n-®-Xv- (1914).-

2.- -F-kv-F-≥Un-]n- tbm-K-Øn-s‚- ap-≥Km-an- hm-hq-´p- tbm-Kw.- F-∂m¬,- F-≥F-kv- F-kn-s‚- ap-≥Km-an- \m-b¿- `r-Xy-P-\-kw-Lw.

3. For a Living Planet BWv- thƒ-Uv-ssh-Uv- -≠v- t^m¿- t\-®¿- F-∂- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- B-]v-X-hm-Iyw.- C-cp-ń-s\-i-]n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ- H-cp- sa-gp-Ip-Xn-cn- sIm-fp-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv- \-√-Xv- F-∂m-Wv- Bw-\-Ãn- C-‚¿-\m-j-W-en-s‚- ]-am-W-hm-Iyw.-

4.- -Fw.-hn-tiz-iz-c-ø-bp-sS- P-∑-Zn-\-am-b- sk-]v-Xw-_¿- 15 B-Wv- C-¥y-bn¬- F-©n-\o-tb-gv-kv- Zn-\-am-bn- B-N-cn-°p-∂-Xv.-tUm.-_n-[m-≥ N-µ- tdm-bn-bp-sS- P-∑-Zn-\-am-b- Pq-em-bv- H-∂v- B-Wv- tUm-Iv-tS-gv-kv- Zn-\-am-bn- B-N-cn-°p-∂-Xv.-

5.- -G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈- ]m¿-e-sa-≥dv- sF-kv-e-≥Un-te-Xm-Wv.- F-∂m¬,- ]m¿-e-sa-‚p-I-fp-sS- am-Xm-hv- _n- o-jv- ]m¿-e-sa-‚ v.-

6.- -G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈- Zm-hn-U-`m-j- X-an-gpw- G-‰-hpw- ]p-Xn-b-Xv- a-e-bm-f-hp-am-Wv.-C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- Zm-hn-U-`m-j- sX-ep-¶m-Wv.-

7.- -G-‰-hpw- m-cw- (km-µ-X-)- Iq-Sn-b- aq-e-Iw-Hm-kv-an-bw- B-Wv.- F-∂m¬,- G-‰-hpw-km-µ-X- Ip-d-™- aq-e-Iw- en-Yn-bw.-

8.- -G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-™- ]m-bØn¬-- im-kv-X

s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\- tP-Xm-hm-b-Xv -Lawrence Bragg (25 h-b- v-)- -1915¬- ]n-Xm-hv- hn-eyw- _m-Kn-s\m-∏w- u-Xn-I-im-kv-X- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- ]-¶n- p.- G-‰-hpw- ]m-bw- Iq-Sn-b- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\- tP-Xm-hm-bXv Leonid Hurwicz(90 h-b- v-)-˛-

2007˛¬- km-º-Øn-I-im-kv-X- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- t\-Sn.-

9.- -G-‰-hpw- D-®-Øn¬- i-_v-Z-ap-≠m-°m-≥I-gn-bp-∂- Po-hn- \o-e-Øn-anw-Kn-e-am-Wv.-F-∂m¬,- I-c-bn-se- Po-hn-I-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- D-®-Øn¬- i-_v-Z-ap-≠m-°p-∂-Xv-lu-f¿- a-¶n-bm-Wv.-

10.- -G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- [-a-\n- bm-Wv- a-lm-[-a-\n-(A-tbm¿-´-).- F-∂m¬,- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- kn-c-bm-Wv- A-t[m-a-lm-kn-c.-

11.- -G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- ]-£n- H-´-I-∏-£n-bm-Wv.- F-∂m¬,- G-‰-hpw- sN-dp-Xv- l-Ωn-Mv- ]-£n-bm-Wv.-

12.- -G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- D-]-\n-j-Øv- _r-l-Zm-c-tWym-]-\n-j-Øm-Wv.- F-∂m¬,- Cu-tim-hm-tkym-]-\n-j-Øm-Wv- G-‰-hpw- sN-dp-Xv.-

13.- -G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- en-Jn-X- -c-W-L-S-\-bp-≈- cm-Pyw- C-¥y.- G-‰-hpw- sN-dn-b- en-Jn-X- -c-W-L-S-\-bp-≈- cm-Pyw- bp-F-kv-F.-

14.- -G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- k-ap-Z-am-Wv- ]-k-^n-Iv- A-Y-hm- im-¥-k-ap-Zw.- Z-£n-W- ssN-\m-°-S-em-Wv- tem-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- I-S¬.-

15.- -G-‰-hpw- h-ep-∏-ap-≈- ap-´-bn-Sp-∂- ]-£n-H-´-I-∏-£n-bm-Wv.- F-∂m¬,- i-co-c-h-ep-∏-hp-am-bn- Xm-c-X-ayw- sN-øp-tºmƒ-G-‰-hpw- sN-dn-b- ap-´-bn-Sp-∂- ]-£n-bm-Wn-Xv.-

16.- -G-‰-hpw- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- Iq-Sn-b- tI-µ- -c-W- ]-tZ-iw- B-¥-am-≥ \n-t°m-_m-dm-Wv.- e-£-Zzo-]m-Wv- hn-kv-Xo¿-W-Øn-epw- P-\-kw-Jy-bn-epw- G-‰-hpw- sN-dn-b- tI-µ- `-c-W- ]-tZ-iw.-

17.- -G-‰-hpw- h-S-t°-b-‰-sØ- sX-t°- A-ta-cn-°-≥ cm-Pyw- sIm-fw-_n-b-bpw- G-‰-hpw-h-S-t°-b-‰-sØ- em-‰n-≥ A-ta-cn-°-≥ cm-Pyw- sa-Iv-kn-t°m-bp-am-Wv.-

18.- -G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-®p-Im-ew- A-ta-cn-°-≥ sF-Iy-\m-Sp-I-fp-sS- ]-kn-U-‚p- ÿm-\w- h-ln-®-Xv- hn-eyw- sl-≥dn- lm-cn-k-¨- (32Zn-h-kw-)- B-Wv-(1841).- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-Im-ew- A-ta-cn-°-≥ sF-Iy-\m-Sp-I-fp-sS-]-kn-U-‚p- ÿm-\w- h-ln-®-Xv- ^m-¶v-fn-≥ Un.- dq-kv-sh¬-‰m-Wv.-

19.- -G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-®p-Im-ew- Po-hn-®n-cp-∂- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn- _m-_-dm-Wv- (47 h-b- v-).- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-ew- Po-hn-®n-cp-∂- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn- Hu-dw-K-ko-_m-Wv- (88 h-b- v-).-

20.- -G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-®v- tZ-io-b- ]m-X-bp-≈- kw-ÿm-\w- kn-°n-am-Wv.- F-∂m¬,- G-‰-hpw-

Iq-Sp-X¬- tZ-io-b- ]m-X-bp-≈-Xv- D-Ø¿-]-tZ-in-em-Wv.-

21.- -G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-™- ]m-b-Øn¬- A-ta-cn-°-≥ sF-Iy-\m-Sp-I-fp-sS- ]-kn-U-‚m-b-Xv- 42˛m-a-sØ- h-b- n¬- A-[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Øn-b- Xn-tbm-U¿- dq-kv-sh¬-‰m-Wv- (1901).- ]-kn-U-‚ v- a-Iv-In-≥en- ]-Z-hn-bn-en-cn-s°- sIm-√-s∏-´-Xn-s\-Øp-S¿-∂m-Wv- ssh-kv- ]-kn-U-‚m-bn-cp-∂- Xn-tbm-U¿- dq-kv-sh¬-‰v- -c-W-L-Sm-\m- hy-h-ÿ- ]-Im-cw- A-[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Øn-b-Xv.- F-∂m¬,- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n-eq-sS- A-ta-cn-°-≥ sF-Iy-\m-Sp-I-fp-sS- ]-kn-U-‚ v- ÿm-\-sØ-Øn-b- G-‰-hpw- ]m-bw-Ip-d-™- hy-‡n- tPm-¨- F-^v- sI-∂-Un-bm-Wv- (1961).-

22.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sn-b- ]m-b-Øn¬- s\m-t_¬-t\-Sn-b- h-\n-X- Doris Lessing (88).- G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-™- ]m-b-Øn¬- s\m-t_¬- t\-Sn-b- h-\n-X- a-em-e- bq-k-^v-km-bv.- (17).-

23.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- _p-≤n-bp-≈- ]-£n-bm-Wv- ªq- ‰n-‰v.- F-∂m¬,- tUmƒ-^n-\m-Wv- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- _p-≤n-bp-≈-P-e-Po-hn.-

24.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Lm-W-i-‡n-bp-≈-Xv- km-hn-\m-Wv.- F-∂m¬,- I-c-bn-se-Po-hn-I-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Lm-W-i-‡n-bp-≈-Xv- \m-b-bv-°m-Wv.- G-‰-hpw-Iq-Sp-X¬- Lm-W-i-‡n-bp-≈- k-kv-X-\-hpw- \m-b-bm-Wv.-

25.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- B-bp- p-≈- P-¥p-B-a-bm-Wv.- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- B-bp-

p-≈- ]-£n- H-´-I-∏-£n-b-mWv.

temI-Pm-eIw

bpw- sk-\-‰p-a-S-ßp-∂- ]m¿-e-sa-‚m-Wv-]-kn-U-≥jy¬- dn-∏-ªn-°m-b- sI-\n-b-bp-sS- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-W-k-`.-

*- -sI-\n-b-sb- kzm-X-¥y-Øn-te-°v- \-bn-®- t\-Xm-hm-Wv- tPm-tam- sI-\n-bm-Ø.-

*- -au-˛-au- I-em-]w- \-S-∂-Xv- sI-\n-b-bn-em-Wv.-

*- -B-^n-°-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- D-b-cw- Iq-Sn-b-c-≠m-a-sØ- sIm-Sp-ap-Sn-bm-Wv- au-≠v-sI-\n-b.-

*- -2004˛¬- k-am-[m-\- s\m-t_-en-\¿-l-bm-b- hmw-Km-cn- am-Xm-bn- s\m-t_-en-\¿-l-bm-b- B-Zy-sØ- B-^n-°-≥ h-\n-X-bm-Wv.-

*- -kv-Xo-Iƒ-°v- thm- -h-Im-iw- \¬-In-b- B-Zy-sØ- B-^n-°-≥ cm-Py-am-Wv- sI-\n-b.-

*- -B-^n -°-bn -se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b-X-Sm-Iw,- tem-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b-c-≠m-a-sØ- ip-≤-P-e- X-Sm-Iw,- D-jv-W-ta-J-em- ]-tZ -i-sØ- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- X-Sm-Iw- F-∂o-]-tXy-I-X-Iƒ- kz-¥-am-b- X-Sm-I-am-Wv- hn-Iv-tSm-dn-b.- C-Xv - sI-\n -b, - Xm-≥km-\n-b,- D-Km-≠-F-∂o- cm-Py-ß-fn-em-bn-´m-Wv- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂-Xv.

18 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2015 Un-kw-_¿- 15

F.]n.sP. A_vZpƒ Iemw* \mf-µ- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-sb- ]p-\-cp-≤-cn-

°-W-sa-∂v- B-Zy-am-bn- B-h-iy-s∏-´-Xv-*- -]p-\-cp-≤-cn-®- \m-f-µ- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bp-

sS- ]-Y-a- hn-kn-‰¿- ÿm-\w- \n-cm-I-cn-®-Xm-cv-

*- - m-c-X-c-Xv-\- _-lp-a-Xn- e- n-®- c-≠m-a-sØ-im-kv-X-⁄-≥

*- -]-Xn-tcm-[-a-¥n-bp-sS- im-kv-X- D-]-tZ-jv-Sm-hm-b- ti-jw- C-¥y-≥ ]-kn-U-‚m-b-Xv-

*- -A-cp-¨- Xn-hm-cn-tbm-sSm-∏w- tN¿-∂v- hn-Mv-kv- Hm-^v- ^-b¿- F-gp-Xn-b-Xv-

*- -A-hn-hm-ln-X-\m-b- G-I- C-¥y-≥ ]-kn-U-‚ v-

*- -A-kw-ªn- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬- thm-´p- sN-bv-X- B-Zy- ]-kn-U-‚ v-

*- -an-ssk¬- am-≥ Hm-^v- C-¥y- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xm-cv-

*- -B-cp-sS- _-lp-am-\m¿-Yw- \yq-U¬-ln-bn¬- B-cw-`n-®-Xm-Wv- an-j-≥ Hm-^v- sse-^v- ayq-kn-bw-

*- -bp-≤-°-∏-en¬- bm-X- sN-bv-X- C-¥y-bp-sS- B-Zy-sØ- k¿-h- ssk-\ym-[n-]-≥ (]-kn-U-‚ v-)-

*- -bp-≤-hn-am-\-Øn¬- bm-X- sN-bv-X- C-¥y-bp-sS- B-Zy-sØ- k¿-h- ssk-\ym-[n-]-≥ (]-kn-U-‚ v-)-

*- -B-Zy-sØ- n-tdm-Zn-b- A-hm¿-Un-\v- A¿-l-\m-b-Xv-

*- -C-¥y-≥ ]-kn-U-≥dp- ]-Z-Øn-se-Øn-b-B-Zy-sØ- im-kv-X-Pv-R-≥

*- -C-¥y-≥ ]-kn-U-‚m-b- G-I- im-kv-X-⁄-≥

*- -C-¥y-≥ an-ssk¬- ]-≤-Xn-bp-sS- D-]-⁄m-Xm-hv-

*- -e-£v-an- ssk-Km-fn-s\- ]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-2002˛¬- C-¥y-bp-sS- ]-Xn-s\m-∂m-a-sØ-]-kn-U-≥dm-b-Xv-

*- -F-≥.-Un.-F.- k¿-°m-cn-s‚-bpw- tIm-¨-K-kn-s‚-bpw- ]n-¥p-W-tbm-sS- ]-kn-U-‚m-b- hy-‡n-

*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Hm-W-d-dn- tUm-Iv-S-td-‰p-Iƒ- e-`n-®- C-¥y-≥ ]-kn-U-‚ v-

*- -im-kv-X-tem-I-sØ- a-lm-flm-Km-‘n- F-∂v- hn-Iw- km-cm-`m-bn-sb- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xm-cv-

*- -lyq-h¿- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- C-¥y-°m-c-≥

*- -X-an-gv-\m- n-se- cm-ta-iz-c-Øv- P-\n-®- C-¥y-≥ ]-kn-U-‚ v

F_lmw en¶¨* ]Xn-\m-dm-a-sØ- A-ta-cn-°-≥ ]-kn-U-‚ v-*- -]-Z-hn-bn-en-cn-s°- A-¥-cn-®- c-≠m-a-sØ-

A-ta-cn-°-≥ ]-kn-U-‚ v-*- -]-kn-≤-am-b- sK-‰n-kv-_¿-Kv- ]-kw-Kw- \-

S-Øn-b-Xv-*- -a-lm-\m-b- hn-tam-N-I-≥ F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-

A-ta-cn-°-≥ ]-kn-U-‚ v-

]e tNmZyw Hcp DØcw*- -A-Sn-a-Øw- \n-dp-Ø-em-°n-b- A-ta-cn-°-

≥ ]-kn-U-‚ v-*- -A-Sn-a-Øw- \n-tcm-[n-®- A-ta-cn-°-≥ ]-

kn-U-‚ v-*- -A-ta-cn-°-≥ B- y-¥-c-bp-≤-Øn¬- h-S-°-

≥ kw-ÿm-\-ß-sf- \-bn-®-Xm-cv-*- -B-cp-sS- `m-cy-bm-Wv- ta-cn- tSm-Uv-*- -C-¥y-≥ X-]m¬- Ãm-ºn¬- ]-Xy-£-s∏-

´- B-Zy-sØ- A-ta-cn-°-≥ ]-kn-U-‚ v-*- -dn-∏-ªn-°-≥ ]m¿-ń-°m-c-\m-b- B-Zy- A-

ta-cn-°-≥ ]-kn-U-‚ v-*- -G-‰-hpw- a-lm-\m-b- A-ta-cn-°-≥ ]-kn-

U-‚ v- F-∂v- ]-e- N-cn-X-Im-c-≥am-cpw- hn-e-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xv- B-sc-bm-Wv-?-

*- -G-Xv- A-ta-cn-°-≥ ]-kn-U-‚n-s\-bm-Wv-tPm-¨- hn¬-Iv-kv- _q-Øv- 1865˛¬- h-[n-®-Xv-

*- -h-[n-°-s∏-´- B-Zy- A-ta-cn-°-≥ ]-kn-U-‚ v-

*- -kv-]nw-Kv- ô¬-Un¬- A-¥y-\n-Z- sIm-≈p-∂- A-ta-cn-°-≥ ]-kn-U-‚ v-

*- -Nmƒ-kv- Um¿-hn-≥ P-\n-®- A-tX- h¿-jw-(1809)- P-\n-®- A-ta-cn-°-≥ ]-kn-U-‚ v-

*- -P-\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-\v- ]-i-kv-X-am-b- \n¿-h-N-\w- \¬-In-b- A-ta-cn-°-≥ ]-kn-U-‚ v-

*- -sI-‚-°n-bn¬- P-\n-®- A-ta-cn-°-≥ ]-kn-U-‚ v-

*- -t]m-Ãv-am-Ã¿- B-bn- ]-h¿-Øn-®-ti-jw-A-ta-cn-°-≥ ]-kn-U-‚m-b-Xm-cv-

*- -tlm-W-Ãv- G-_v- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- A-ta-cn-°-≥ ]-kn-U-‚ v

A_pƒ Iemw BkmZv* 1923 sk-]v-Xw-_-dn¬- U¬-ln-bn¬-tN¿-

∂- tIm-¨-K-kn-s≥d- ]-tXy-I- k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬,- 35˛mw- h-b- n¬- A-[y-£-X-h-ln-®- t\-Xm-hv-

*- -A¬- ln-em¬- (N-µ-°-e-)- F-∂- D¿-Zp-]-Xw- B-cw- n-®- kzm-X-¥y- k-a-c-tk-\m-\n-

*- -A¬-˛-_-em-Kv- F-∂- t]-cn¬- ]-Xw- B-cw-`n-®- kzm-X-¥y- k-a-c-tk-\m-\n-

*- -B-cm-Wv- C-¥y- hn-≥kv- ô-Uw- F-∂-B-fl-I-Y- c-Nn-®-Xv-

*- -B-cm-Wv- Km-‘n-Pn- tIm-¨-K-kn¬- \n-∂p- cm-Pn-sh-®-t∏mƒ- H-∏w- cm-Pn-k-a¿-∏n-®- cm-tP-µ-]-km-Zn-s\- cm-Pn- ]n-≥h-en-°m-≥ t]-cn-∏n-®-Xv-

*- -B-cp-sS- P-∑-Zn-\-am-Wv- C-¥y-bn¬- tZ-io-b- hn-Zym-`ym-k-Zn-\-am-bn- (\-hw-_¿- 11)-B-N-cn-°p-∂-Xv-

*- -C-¥y-bp-sS- kzm-X-¥yw- kw-_-‘n-®v-_n-ó-jv- Iym-_n-\-‰v- an-j-\p-am-bn- Iq-Sn-bm-tem-N-\-I-fp-sS- t\-Xr-Xzw- h-ln-®- t\-Xm-hv-

*- -Izn-‰n-¥ym- k-a-cw- (1942)- \-S-∂-t∏mƒ-tIm-¨-K-kv- ]-kn-U-‚ v-

*- -knw-e- tIm- - -d-≥kv- \-S-∂-t∏mƒ- tIm-¨-K-kv- ]-kn-U-‚m-bn-cp-∂-Xv-

*- -kzm-X-¥y-Øn-\p-ap-ºv- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-Im-ew- tIm-¨-K-kv- A-[y-£-]-Zw- h-ln-®- t\-Xm-hv-

*- -kzm-X-¥ym-\-¥-c- C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy- hn-Zym-`ym-k-a-¥n-

*- -tIm-¨-K-kn-s‚- G-‰-hpw- ]m-bw- Ip-d-™- A-[y-£-≥

kn. ANypXtat\m≥* \nb-a-k- mw-K-a-√m-Xn-cn-s°- tI-c-f- ap-Jy-

a-¥n-bm-b- B-Zy- hy-‡n-*- - q-]-cn-jv-I-c-W-\n-b-aw- \-S-∏m-°n-b- ap-Jy-

a-¥n-*- -B-`y-¥-c- A-Sn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿ-°m-e-sØ-

tI-c-f- ap-Jy-a-¥n-*- -cm-Py-k-`mw-K-am-bn-cn-s°- tI-c-f- ap-Jy-a-

¥n-bm-bn- \n-b-an-X-\m-b- B-Zy- hy-‡n-*- -G-Xv- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bp-sS- Im-e-Øm-Wv- ap-

√-s∏-cn-bm¿- ]m-´-°-cm¿- 1970 ¬- ]p-Xp-

°n-b-Xv-*- -H-∂mw- C.-Fw.-F-kv.- a-¥n-k- -bn-se- Aw-

K-ß-fn¬- ]n-∂o-Sv- tI-c-f- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-b- G-I- hy-‡n-

*- -hn-tam-N-\- k-a-cw- (1959)- \-S-°p-tºmƒ-tI-c-f-Øn¬- B- y-¥-c- h-Ip-∏p-a-¥n- B-cm-bn-cp-∂p-

*- -tI-c-f- \n-b-a-k-`-bn¬- B-Zy- _-P-‰v- A-h-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv-

*- -tI-c-f- \n-b-a-k-`-bp-sS- N-cn-X-Øn¬- hn-izm-k- ]-ta-bw- A-h-X-cn-∏n-®- G-I- ap-Jy-a-¥n-

*- -tI-c-f- ap-Jy-a-¥n-am-cn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- Im-em-h-[n- ]q¿-Øn-bm-°n-b- hy-‡n-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- U-b-kv-t\m-¨- sIm-≠p-h-∂- ap-Jy-a-¥n-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-s‚- ]-Y-a- [-\-a-¥n-*- -Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n-s\- t\-cn-´v- A-[n-Im-cw- \n-

e-\n¿-Øn-b- B-Zy- tI-c-f- ap-Jy-a-¥n-*- -Xp-S¿-®-bm-bn- c-≠p- ]m-h-iyw- tI-c-f- ap-

Jy-a-¥n-bm-b- B-Zy- t\-Xm-hv-*- -Xp-S¿-®-bm-bn- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-ew-

tI-c-f-ap-Jy-a-¥n

hn.Fkv.ANypXm\µ≥* A©p-h¿-jw- Xn-I-®p-`-cn-®- c-≠m-a-sØ-

kn-]n-Fw-Im-c-\m-b- ap-Jy-a-¥n-*- -B-Zy-sØ- Fw.-Sn.- N-µ-tk-\-≥ ]p-c-kv-

Im-c-Øn-\¿-l-\m-b-Xv-*- -C-Fw-F-kn-s\- H-gn-hm-°n-bm¬- a-¥n-bm-

Im-sX- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-b- G-I- t\-Xm-hv-*- -cm-Pv-`-h-\p-]p-d-Øv- k-Xy-]-Xn-⁄- sN-

bv-X- G-I- tI-c-f- ap-Jy-a-¥n-*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sn-b- ]m-b-Øn¬- tI-c-f- ap-

Jy-a-¥n-(83)-*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sn-b- ]m-b-Øn¬- tI-c-f-Øn¬-

]-Xn-]-£- t\-Xm-hm-b-Xv-*- -k-a-c-Øn-\v- C-S-th-f-I-fn-√- F-∂- ]p-kv-

X-Iw- c-Nn-®-Xv-*- -sk-≥S¬- tÃ-Un-b-Øn¬-h-®v- k-Xy-]-

Xn-⁄- sN-bv-Xv- A-[n-Im-c-ta-‰- t\-Xm-hv-*- -tI-c-f-∏n-d-hn-bp-sS- kp-h¿-W- Pq-_n-en- th-

f-bn¬- ap-Jy-a-¥n

A^vKm\nÿm≥* ]Xns\´mw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- C-¥y- B-I-an-

®- A-l-Ω-Zv- jm- A-_v-Zm-en- G-Xv- cm-Py-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p-?-

*- -_m-_-dp-sS- i-h-Ip-So-cw- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-?-

*- -_m-an-bm-≥ _p-≤-]-Xn-a-Iƒ- G-Xp- cm-Py-Øm-bn-cp-∂p-?-

*- -]m-No-\- Im-e-sØ- _m-Iv-Sn-b- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-bn-cp-∂p-?-

*- -]m-No-\-C-¥y-bp-sS- `m-K-am-bn-cp-∂- Km-‘m-cw- C-t∏mƒ- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-?-

*- -Cw-•o-jv- A-£-c-am-em- I-a-Øn¬- B-Zy-cm-Pyw-

*- -G-cn-bm-\- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂- ]-tZ-iw-*- -G-Xp- cm-Py-sØ- `m-j-b-I-fm-Wv- Zm-cn,-

]m-jv-tXm- F-∂n-h-?-*- -G-Xp- cm-Py-sØ- P-\-X-bm-Wv- ]-jv-Xp-Wp-

Iƒ-?-*- -G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- tZ-io-b- Im-bn-I- hn-

t\m-Z-am-Wv- _-kv-Im-jn-?-*- -km¿-°n¬- G-‰-hpw- H-Sp-hn¬- Aw-K-am-

b- cm-Pyw-*- -km¿-°n-se- F-´m-a-sØ- Aw-Kw-*- -Up-dm-‚ v- sse-≥ _n-ó-jv- C-¥y-sb- G-

Xv- cm-Py-Øn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- th¿-Xn-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv?

B^n°* \mev- A¿-≤-tKm-f-ß-fn-ep-am-bn- ÿn-Xn-

sN-øp-∂- `q-J-Wv-Uw-*- -\o-tKm-bv-Uv- h¿-K-°m¿- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-

X-ep-≈- `q-J-Wv-Uw-*- -\o-tKm-Iƒ- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- h-≥I-

c-*- -_m-≠p- P-\-hn-`m-Kw- G-Xv- q-J-Wv-U-Øn-

em-Wv-*- -Sm-≥kv-hmƒ- bp-≤-Øn-\p- (H-∂mw- t_m-

b¿- bp-≤w-)- th-Zn-bm-b- `q-J-Wv-Uw-*- -a-Kv-cn-_v- cm-jv-S-ßƒ- G-Xv- h-≥I-c-bn-em-

Wv-*- -am-Xr-a-c-W- \n-c-°v- G-‰-hpw- D-b¿-∂- h-

≥I-c-*- -a-te-dn-b- Im-c-Ww- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-t]¿-

a-c-W-a-S-bp-∂- h-≥I-c-*- -D-Ø-cm-b-\-tc-J,- q-a-[y-tc-J,- Z-£n-Wm-

b-\- tc-J- F-∂n-h- I-S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂- G-I- h-≥I-c-

*- -G-Xv- q-J-Wv-U-Øn-se- m-j-bm-Wv- kzm-ln-en-

*- -G-Xv- h-≥I-c-bn-em-Wv- lp-Xp,- Sp-Sv-kn- P-\-hn-`m-Kw- A-[n-h-kn-°p-∂-Xv-

*- -H-cp- `q-J-Wv-U-Øn¬- Xm-a-kn-°p-∂-h¿-X-Ωn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- hy-Xym-kw- Im-Wm-≥ I-gn-bp-∂- h-≥I-c-

*- -hn-Iv-tSm-dn-b- X-Sm-Iw- G-Xv- h-≥I-c-bn-em-Wv-

*- -hn-kv-Xo¿-W-Øn¬- c-≠mw- ÿm-\-ap-≈-h-≥I-c-

*- -I-e-lm-cn- a-cp-`q-an- G-Xv- `q-J-Wv-U-Øn-em-Wv-

*- -In-fn-a-Rv-Pm-tcm- ]¿-h-Xw- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- `q-J-Wv-Uw-

2015 Un-kw-_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 19

*- -k-lm-d- a-cq-`q-an- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- `q-J-Wv-Uw-

*- -km-h-∂- ]p¬-ta-Sp-Iƒ- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂- h-≥I-c-

*- -knw-l-Øn-s‚- P-∑-tZ-iw-*- -lp-Sp,- Sp-Sv-kn- P-\-X- A-[n-h-kn-°p-∂- h-

≥I-c-*- -Nm¬-_n- a-cp-`q-an- G-Xv- h-≥I-c-bn-em-Wv-*- -P-\-ß-fp-sS- i-cm-i-cn- B-bp- v- G-‰-hpw-

Ip-d-™- h-≥I-c-*- -P-\-kw-Jy-bn¬- c-≠mw- ÿm-\-ap-≈- h-

≥I-c-*- -s_¿-s_¿- P-\-X- A-[n-h-kn-°p-∂- h-

≥I-c-*- -sF-Iy-cm-jv-S-k- -bn¬- Aw-K-Xz-ap-≈- cm-

Py-ßƒ- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- `q-J-Wv-Uw-

*- -sk-\-K¬- F-∂p- t]-cp-≈- \-Zn-bpw- cm-Py-hpw- G-Xv- h-≥I-c-bn-em-Wv-

*- -ss\¬- \-Zn- H-gp-Ip-∂- h-≥I-c-*- -ssl- sh¬-Uv- ]p¬-ta-Sp-Iƒ- G-Xv- h-

≥I-c-bn-em-Wv-*- -X-t±-io-b- `m-j-Iƒ- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-

≈- h-≥Ic

BK* ]m-cm-Sq-t∏-gv-kv- sS-bn-\nw-Kv- kv-Iqƒ- F-

hn-sS-bm-Wv-*- -^-tØ-]q¿- kn-In- X-e-ÿm-\-am-°n-b-

A-Iv-_¿- X-s‚- X-e-ÿm-\w- Xn-cn-sI-sIm-≠p-t]m-b-Xv- F-hn-tS-°m-Wv-

*- -_m-_-dn-s\- B-Zyw- A-S-°w- sN-bv-X- B-cmw- _m-Kv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

*- -1649 h-sc- ap-Kƒ- km-am-Py-Øn-s‚- X-e-ÿm-\-am-bn-cp-∂- \-K-cw-

*- -A-Iv-_¿- N-I-h¿-Øn- A-Iv-_-cm-_m-Zv- F-∂p- hn-fn-®- \-K-cw-

*- -A-Iv-_-dp-sS- i-h-Ip-So-cw- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- kn-°-µ- G-Xv- \-K-c-Øn-\p- k-ao-]-am-Wv-

*- -a-lm-`m-c-X-Øn¬- A-K-h-\w- F-∂- t]-cn¬- ]-cm-a¿-in-®n-cn-°p-∂- \-K-cw-

*- -H-∂mw- kzm-X-¥y-k-a-c-°m-e-Øv- 1857 B-K-kv-Xv- c-≠n-\v- Cu-Ãn-¥ym-°-º-\n-bp-sS-ssk-\y-hpw- I-em-]-Im-cn-I-fpw- G-‰p-ap-ń-b- ÿ-ew.-

*- -Hu-dw-K-ko-_v- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- 1666˛- ¬-in-h-Pn-sb- X-S-hn¬- ]m¿-∏n-®-Xv-

*- -jm-P-lm-≥ N-I-h¿-Øn- ap-Kƒ- cm-P-[m-\n- U¬-ln-bn-te-°v- am-‰n-sb-¶n-epw- Hu-dw-K-ko-_v- A-Xv- ]p-\-:-ÿm-]n-®-Xv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

*- -jm-P-lm-≥ tam-Øn-a-kv-Pn-Zv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- \n¿-an-®-Xv-

*- -jm-P-lm-s‚- i-h-Ip-So-cw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-*- -kn-°-µ¿- tem-[n- ÿm-]n-®- X-e-ÿm-\-

\-K-cw-*- -tem-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- ]-i-kv-X-am-b- i-

h-Ip-So-cw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-*- -Xm-Pv-a-l¬- F-h-nsSbmWv

AlΩZm_mZv* \mjW¬- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- Hm-^v- Un-ssk-

≥ F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-*- -C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- kz-¥-am-bn- td-Un-

tbm- \n-e-bw- B-cw-`n-®- k¿-Zm¿- ]-t´¬-k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\w-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- X-e-ÿm-t\-X-c- \-K-cw-

*- -G-Xv- \-K-c-Øn-s‚- ]-g-b- t]-cm-Wv- I¿-Wm-h-Xn-?-

*- -G-Xv- C-¥y-≥ tÃm-°v- F-Iv-kv-tN-©n-s‚-tem-tKm-bm-Wv- kz-kv-Xn-I-?-

*- -k¿-Zm¿- ]-t´¬- tÃ-Un-bw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

*- -k¿-Zm¿- h-√-`v-`m-bv- ]-t´¬- C-‚¿-\m-j-W¬- F-b¿-t]m¿-´v- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

*- -Km-‘n-Pn- ÿm-]n-®- \-h-Po-h-≥ S-Ãn-s‚-B-ÿm-\w-

*- -Km-‘n-Pn- Z-Wv-Un-bm-X- B-cw-`n-®- ÿ-ew-

*- -Kp-P-dm-Øn-s‚- hm-Wn-Py- X-e-ÿm-\w-*- -sF- F-kv- B¿- H-bp-sS- ^n-kn-°¬- dn-

k¿-®v- e-t_m-d-´-dn-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\w-*- -sF- F-kv- B¿- H-bp-sS- kv-t]-kv- B-]v-

fn-t°-j-≥ sk-‚¿- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-*- -sU-\nw- kn-‰n- Hm-^v- C-¥y- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-

Sp-∂-Xv-*- -tem-I-sØ- B-Zy-sØ- kzm-an-\m-cm-b-W-

t£-Xw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-*- -tk-h- F-∂- k-∂-≤-kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- B-

ÿm-\w-

AIv_¿* \nc£-c-s\-∂v- I-cp-X-s∏-Sp-∂- ap-Kƒ- N-

I-h¿-Øn- B-cv-?-*- -\o-Xn-\ym-b- ]-cn-jv-Im-cw- \-S-∏n-em-°n-b-

B-Zy- ap-Kƒ- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-*- -]p-cm-X-\- C-¥y-bn-se- A-tim-I-\p-am-bn-

N-cn-X-Im-c-≥am¿- Xm-c-X-ayw- sN-øp-∂- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-

*- -^-tØ-]q¿- kn-In-bn¬- _p-e-µv- Z¿-hm-k,-tPm-[m-`m-bn-bp-sS- sIm-´m-cw,-]-©v- a-l¬- F-∂n-h- \n¿-an-®-Xv-

*- -`-c-W-Iq-S-Øn-s‚- B-`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬- l-÷v- bm-X- B-hn-jv-I-cn-®- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-

*- -_n-´-Wn-se- H-∂mw- F-en-k-_-Øv- cm-⁄n-bp-sS- k-a-Im-en-I-\m-b- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-

*- -1564˛¬- P-kn-b- \n¿-Ø-em-°n-b-Xm-cv-?-*- -1576˛-se- lm¬-Un-L-´v- bp-≤-Øn¬- dm-

Wm- ]-Xm-]n-s\- tXm¬-]n-®-Xv-?-*- -1583˛¬- C-em-ln- I-e-≠¿- B-cw-`n-®- ap-

Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-*- -a-≥k-_v-Zm-cn- k-º-Zm-bw- B-hn-jv-I-cn-

®- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-*- -amƒ-h-bn-se- cm-Pm-hm-b- _m-kv-_-lm-Zq-

dn-s\- Io-g-S-°n-b- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-*- -ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-am-cn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- h-

≥tXm-Xn¬- a-µn-c-\n¿-am-Ww- \-S-Øn-b-Xv-*- -B-cp-sS- [-\-a-¥n-bm-bn-cp-∂p- cm-Pm- tXm-

U¿-a¬-*- -B-cp-sS- do-P-‚m-bn-cp-∂p- ss_-dmw-Jm-≥?-*- -B-cp-sS- hn-iz-kv-X- kp-lr-Øpw- k-Z-ky-

\p-am-bn-cp-∂p- _o¿-_¬-*- -C-_-Z-Xv-Jm-\- ]-Wn-I-gn-∏n-®- ap-Kƒ- N-

I-h¿-Øn-*- -C-em-ln- I-e-≠¿- \-S-∏m-°n-b- ap-Kƒ- N-

I-h¿-Øn.-*- -c-≠mw- ]m-\n-∏-´p-bp-≤-k-a-b-sØ- (1556)-

ap-Kƒ- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-*- -G-‰-hpw- a-lm-\m-b- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-*- -G-Xp- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bm-Wv- Nm-Iv- hw-

i-P-cn¬-\n-∂v- 1586˛¬- I-iv-ao¿- ap-Kƒ- km-am-Py-tØm-Sv- tN¿-Ø-X-?v-

*- -G-Xp- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bp-sS- Im-e-am-Wv-ln-µp-ÿm-\n- km-ln-Xy-Øn-s‚- A-K-Ãn-b-≥ Im-e-L- w- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-?-

*- -G-Xv- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bm-Wv- U-°m-¨- Io-g-S-°p-∂-Xn¬- B-Zyw- i-≤- sN-ep-Øn-b-Xv-?-

*- -G-Xv- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bp-sS- B-flo-b- Kp-cp-hm-bn-cp-∂p- k-enw- Nn-jv-Sn-?-

*- -1579˛¬- A-]-am-Zn-Xz- ]-Jym-]-\w- \-S-Øn-b- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-

*- -1580˛¬- G-Xv- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bm-Wv- km-am-Py-sØ- 12 kp-_-I-fm-bn- Xn-cn-®-Xv-

*- -G-Xv- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bp-sS- Im-e-Øm-Wv- Cw-Kv-fo-jv- Cu-Ãn-¥ym-°-º-\n- e-≠-\n¬- (F.-Un.-1600)- ÿm-]n-X-am-b-Xv-?-

*- -G-Xv- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bp-sS- Im-e-Øm-Wv- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿- C-¥y-bn-te-°v-]p-I-bn-e- sIm-≠p-h-∂-Xv-

*- -h-ko-dn-s‚- km-º-Øn-Im-[n-Im-c-ßƒ- F-Sp-Øp-am-‰n-b- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-

*- -hn-[-h- kz-ta-[-bm- B-K-ln-°m-Ø-]-£w- k-Xn- A-\p-jv-Tm-\w- \-S-Øp-∂-Xv-hn-e-°n-b- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-

*- -hn-[-hm- ]p-\¿-hn-hm-l-sØ- \n-b-aw-sIm-≠v- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-

*- -H-tc- k-a-bw- t]m-∏pw- cm-Pm-hp-am-b- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn- F-∂v- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xv-

*- -I-e-\u-cn¬- In-co-S-[m-c-Ww- \-S-Øn-b- ap-Kƒ- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-

*- -k-_v-Zn- F-∂- `q-\n-Ip-Xn- k-º-Zm-bw- \-S-∏m-°n-b- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-

*- -kn-°-µ-bn¬- A-¥y-\n-Z- sIm-≈p-∂- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-

*- -G-Xv- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bp-sS- k-Z- n-em-Wv- Xm-≥sk-≥ Po-hn-®n-cp-∂-Xv-

*- -G-Xv- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bp-sS- k-Z- n-se- ]-Wv-Tn-X-ti-jv-T-cm-bn-cp-∂p- \-h-c-Xv-\-ßƒ-

*- -G-Xv- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bp-sS- Po-h-N-cn-X-Im-c-\m-Wv- A-_pƒ- ^m-k¬-

*- -kz-¥w- i-h-Ip-So-cw- cq-]-I-ev-]-\- sN-bv-X- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-

*- -Xo¿-Ym-S-\- \n-Ip-Xn- \n¿-Ø-em-°n-b- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-

*- -Zn-≥ C-em-ln- (Xu-ln-Xv-˛-C-˛-em-ln-)- F-∂- a-Xw- ÿm-]n-®-Xm-cv-?-

*- -Zn-hm-\v- d-h-\yq- A-[n-Im-c-ßƒ- \¬-In-b- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-

* A-ar-Xv-k¿- \-K-cw- ÿm-]n-°p-∂-Xn-\v- kn-Jp-Im¿-°v- ÿ-ew- hn-´p-sIm-Sp-Ø- ap-Kƒ-N-I-h¿-Øn

Be∏pg* \mKmcm-[-\-bv-°p- ]-kn-≤-am-b- t£-X-

am-b- a-Æm-d-»m-e- G-Xv- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv-*- -]p-∂-]-˛-h-b-em¿- k-a-cw- \-S-∂-Xv- (1946)-

G-Xv- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv-*- -]-i-kv-X-am-b- F-S-Xzm- ]-≈n- G-Xv- Pn-√-

bn-em-Wv-*- -A-d-_n-°-S-en-s‚- Xo-c-Øp-≈- G-‰-hpw-

]-g-°-ap-≈- Zo-]- kv-Xw-`w- (sse-‰v- lu-kv-)- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

*- -cm-Pm- tI-i-h-Zm-k-s‚- ]-´-Ww- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-

*- -I-b¿- m-Iv-S-dn-Iƒ- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈-Pn-√-

*- -In-g-°n-s‚- sh-\o-kv- F-∂v- I-gv-k-¨- ]-`p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®- ]-´-Ww-

*- -Ip-am-c-\m-im-≥ t_m-´-]-I-S-Øn¬- a-cn-®-ÿ-e-am-b- Ip-am-c-tIm-Sn- G-Xv- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv-

*- -P-tem-’-h-ß-fp-sS- \m-Sv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- Pn-√-

*- -th-º-\m-Sv- Im-b-en¬- \n¿-an-®n-cn-°p-∂-X-Æo¿-ap-°w- _-≠v- G-Xv- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂- _p-≤-a-X- B-cm-[-\m-e-b-ß-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- ]-[m-\-s∏-´-Xm-b- io-aq-e-hm-kw- G-Xv- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- ]-g-\n- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-l-cn-∏m-Sv- kp-_-a-Wy-t£-Xw- G-Xv- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- Np-h¿-Nn-

X-am-b- K-tP-µ-tam-£w- Im-Wm-≥ I-gn-bp-∂- Ir-jv-W-]p-cw- sIm-´m-cw- G-Xv- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- sN-dn-b- Pn-√-*- -X-I-gn- in-h-i-¶-c-∏n-≈-bp-sS- kv-am-c-I-am-

b- i-¶-c-aw-K-ew- G-Xv- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv

AeIvkm≠¿ NIh¿Øn* \µhw-i-Øn-se- A-h-km-\-sØ- cm-Pm-

hm-b- [-\-\-µ-‚- Im-e-Øv- C-¥y- B-I-an-°m-s\-Øn-b- hn-tZ-in-

*- -_m-_n-tem-Wn¬-h-®v- 33a-sØ- h-b- n¬-A-¥-cn-®- bp-≤-ho-c-≥

*- -A-cn-tÃm- n-en-s‚- in-jy-\m-b- am-kn-tUm-Wn-b-≥ cm-P-Ip-am-c-≥

*- -A-e-Iv-km-≠n-b- \-K-cw- ÿm-]n-®-Xm-cv-*- -B-cp-sS- C-¥y-≥ B-I-a-W-am-Wv- ]m-No-

\- C-¥y-bpw- Ko-°p-am-bn- kmw-kv-Im-cn-I- k-º¿-°-Øn-\v- h-gn-sbm-cp-°n-b-Xv-

*- -B-cp-sS- Ip-Xn-c-bm-Wv- _yq-kn-^m-e-kv-*- -C-¥y-bn-se-Øn-b- B-Zy-sØ- bq-tdm-]y-

≥ B-I-a-W-Im-cn-*- -sk-ep-°-kv- \n-t°-‰¿- B-cp-sS- ]-S-\m-

b-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p-?-*- -ssl-Um-kv-]-kv- bp-≤-Øn¬- t]m-d-kn-s\-

tXm¬]n®Xmcv

Ael_mZv* C¥ybn-se- G-Xv- ssl-t°m-S-Xn-bn-em-Wv-

G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- P-Uv-Pn-am-cp-≈-Xv-*- -Kw-K-bpw- b-ap-\-bpw- k-c-kz-Xn-bpw- (Xn-

th-Wn- kw-K-aw-)- kw-K-an-°p-∂- ÿ-ew-*- -]-bm-Kv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂- ÿ-ew-*- -k-ap-Z-Kp-]v-X-s‚- t\- -ßƒ- ]-Xn-]m-Zn-°p-

∂- en-Jn-X-am-b- ]-bm-K- ]-i-kv-Xn- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- ÿm-]n-°-s∏-´-Xv-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- ssl-t°m-S-Xn-I-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- P-\-ßƒ- A-[n-Im-c-]-cn-[n-bn¬- h-cp-∂- ssl-t°m-S-Xn-

*- -C-¥y-≥ Ãm-≥tU¿-Uv- k-a-bw- I-W-°m-°p-∂- 82.-5 Un-Kn- tc-Jmw-iw- I-S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂- \-K-cw-

*- -t\m¿-Øv- sk-≥S¬- sd-bn¬-th-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\w-

*- -b-ap-\m-\-Zn-bp-sS- A-h-km-\w- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-*- -l¿-j-h¿-[-\-≥ A-©p-h¿-j-Øn-sem-cn-

°¬- a-lm-a-X- k-tΩ-f-\-ßƒ- hn-fn-®p-Iq-ń-bn-cp-∂- ÿ-ew-

*- -a-Z-≥ tam-l-≥ am-f-hy- In-°-‰v- tÃ-Un-bw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

*- -A-√m-lp-hn-s‚- \-K-cw- F-∂¿-Yw-h-cp-∂- t]-cv- A-Iv-_¿- N-I-h¿-Øn- \¬-In-b- \-K-cw-

*- -1910˛¬- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- \yq-an-kv-am-‰n-Iv-skm-ssk-‰n- Hm-^v- C-¥y- ÿm-]n-®-Xv-

*- -C-µn-cm-Km-‘n- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏v- N- -ßƒ- ew-Ln-®p- F-∂v- hn-[n-®- (1975)- tIm-S-Xn- G-Xv-

Aemhp±o≥ Jn¬Pn*- -]-´m-f-°m¿-°v- i-º-fw- scm-°w- ]-W-am-

bn- \¬-In-b- B-Zy- U¬-ln- kp¬-Øm-≥

*- -1305˛¬- amƒ-h- Io-g-S-°n-b- sU¬-ln-kp¬-Øm-≥

*- -a-[y-Im-e- C-¥y-bn¬- I-tºm-f- \n-b-¥-Ww- B-hn-jv-I-cn-®- kp¬-Øm-≥

*- -kn-°-µ¿- C- km-\n- F-∂- ÿm-\-t∏-cv-kzo-I-cn-®- U¬-ln- kp¬-Øm-≥

*- -kn-cn- \-K-c-Øn-s‚- ÿm-]-I-≥*- -Kp-P-dm-Øn-s\- sU¬-ln- kp¬-Øm-t\-

‰n-t\m-Sv- tN¿-Ø-Xv-*- -am-en-Iv- ap-l-Ω-Zv- P-bv-kn-bp-sS- ]-Zv-am-h-

Xv- F-∂- Ir-Xn-bn¬- hn-h-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-sU¬-ln- kp¬-Øm-≥

*- -am-en-Iv- Im-^¿- B-cp-sS- hn-iz-kv-X- tk-\m-\m-b-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p-

*- -G-Xv- sU¬-ln- kp¬-Øm-s‚- _m-ey-Im-e- \m-a-am-Wv- A-en- Kp¿-jm-]v-

*- -G-Xv- U¬-ln- kp¬-Øm-s‚- Im-e-Øm-Wv- dm-Wn- ]-Zv-an-\n- Pu-l¿- A-\p-jv-Tn-

20 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2015 Un-kw-_¿- 15

®-Xv-*- -Ip-‰-a-‰- co-Xn-bn¬- q-\n-Ip-Xn- hy-h-ÿ-

B-hn-jv-I-cn-®- B-Zy- sU¬-ln- kp¬-Øm-≥

*- -Jn¬-Pn- hw-i-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- i-‡-\m-b- -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-

*- -N-tµ-e-≥am-cp-sS- cm-Pyw- sU¬-ln-kp¬-Øm-t\-‰n-t\m-Sv- tN¿-Ø-Xm-cv-

*- -ÿn-cw- ssk-\yw- B-hn-jv-I-cn-®- B-Zy-sU¬-ln- kp¬-Øm-≥

*- -sX-t°- C-¥y- B-I-an-®- B-Zy-sØ-sU¬-ln- kp¬-Øm-≥

*- -X-s‚- \m-W-b-ß-fn¬- c-≠mw- A-e-Iv-km-≠¿- F-∂v- B-te-J-\w- sN-bv-X-sU¬-ln- kp¬-Øm-≥

_n.B¿.Awt_ZvI¿* _ln-jv-Ir-X- `m-c-Xv- F-∂- ssZz-hm-cn-I-

B-cw-`n-®-Xv-*- -`-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- 32a-sØ- A-\p-t—-Z-

sØ- `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- lr-Z-b-hpw- B-flm-hpw- F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xv-

*- -1930 Hm-K-kv-‰n¬- \m-Kv-]q-cn¬- ]n-∂m-°-hn-`m-K-°m-cp-sS- A-Jn-te-¥ym- k-tΩ-f-

\w- kw-L-Sn-∏n-®-Xv-*- -1930,- 1931,- 1932 h¿-j-ß-fn¬- \-S-∂- aq-

∂v- h-´-ta-i- k-tΩ-f-\-ß-fn-epw- A-[-:-kv-Yn-X-cp-sS- ]-Xn-\n-[n-bm-bn- ]-s¶-Sp-Ø- tZ-io-b- t\-Xm-hv-

*- -C-≥Un-s]-≥U-‚ v- te-_¿- ]m¿-´n-bp-sS-ÿm-]-I-≥

*- -G-Xv- t\-Xm-hp-am-bn-´m-Wv- tIm-¨-K-kv-]q-\m- k-‘n-bn¬- G¿-s∏-´-Xv-

*- -k-h¿-Æ- ln-µp-°ƒ-s°-Xn-cm-b- k-a-c-Øn-s≥d- `m-K-am-bn- a-\p-kv-ar-Xn- I-Øn-®- t\-Xm-hv-

*- -kz-X-¥- C-¥y-bp-sS- B-Zy- \n-b-a-a-¥n-*- -1946 Pq-Wn¬- ]o-∏nƒ- F-Uyq-t°-j-W¬-

skm-ssk-‰n-°v- cq-]w- \¬-In-b-Xv-*- -1947 Hm-K-kv-Xv- 27\v- -c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- I-

c-Sp- X-øm-dm-°p-∂- k-an-Xn-bp-sS- A-[y-£-\m-bn- \n-b-an-X-\m-b-Xv-

*- -1948˛¬- tUm.- im-c-Zm- I-_o-dn-s\- ]p-\¿-hn-hm-lw-sN-bv-X- t\-Xm-hv-

*- -1956 H-Iv-tSm-_¿- 14\v- B-bn-c-°-W-°n-\v- A-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ-s°m-∏w- \m-Kv-]q-cn¬-h-®v- _p-≤-a-Xw- kzo-I-cn-®- t\-Xm-hv-

*- -A-[-:-kv-Yn-X-cp-sS- D-∂-a-\-Øn-\m-bn- _-ln-jv-Ir-X- ln-X-Im-cn-Wn-k- - kv-Ym-]n-®-Xv-

*- -A-`n-\-h- _p-≤-≥ F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv-*- -aq-I-\m-b-Iv- F-∂- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn-s‚-

ÿm-]-I-≥*- -C-¥y-≥ -c-W-L-S-\-bn-se- \n¿-t±-i-I- X-

Øz-ß-sf- 1935se- K-h.-Hm-^v- C-¥y- B-Iv-Sn-se- C-≥kv-Sp-sa-‚ v- Hm-^v- C-≥kv-S-£-≥kp-am-bn- Xm-c-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-cv-

*- -C-¥y-≥ `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- in¬-]n- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-

*- -ln-µp- tIm-Uv- _n-√n-\p- cq-]w- \¬-In-b-Xn-\m¬- B-[p-\n-I- a-\p- F-∂-dn-b-s∏- -Xv-

*- -ssN-Xy- q-an-bn¬- A-¥y-hn-i-aw- sIm-≈p-

∂- t\-Xm-hv-*- -tIm-¨-K-kn-X-c- k¿-°m-cn-s‚- Im-e-Øv-

`m-c-X-c-Xv-\- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- t\-Xm-hv-*- -Z-en-X-cp-sS- an-in-l- F-∂p- hm-gv-Ø-s∏-´-

kzm-X-¥y-k-a-c-tk-\m-\n-v-*- -\m-Kv-]q¿- hn-am-\-Øm-h-fw- G-Xv- t\-Xm-

hn-s‚- kv-a-c-Wm¿-Yw- \m-a-I-c-Ww- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p

B¥am≥ \nt°m_m¿* `qan-im-kv-X-]-c-am-bn- Z-£n-tW-jy-bp-sS-

`m-K-a-√m-Ø-Xpw- sX-°p-In-g-°-≥ G-jy-bp-sS- `m-K-am-b-Xp-am-b- `-c-W-L-S-Iw-

*- -a-c-X-I- Zzo-]p-Iƒ- (F-a-dmƒ-Uv- sF-e-‚ v-kv-)- F-∂-dn-b-∏-Sp-∂- C-¥y-≥ -c-W-L-S-Iw-

*- -a-lm-flm-Km-‘n- a-ssd-≥ \m-j-W¬- ]m¿-°v- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

*- -C-¥y-≥ bq-Wn-b-s‚- `m-K-am-b- G-‰-hpw-h-en-b- Zzo-]m-b- t\m¿-Øv- B-≥U-am-≥G-Xn-s‚- `m-K-am-Wv-

*- -C-¥y-≥ bq-Wn-b-s‚- sX-t°-b-‰-am-b- C-µn-cm- t]m-bn-‚ v- G-Xn-s‚- `m-K-am-Wv-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- In-g-°m-bn- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- ta-P¿- t]m¿-´v- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- Iq-Sn-b- tI-µ- `-c-W- ]-tZ-iw-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-I- k-Po-h- A-·n- ]¿-h-X-am-b- _m-c-¨- Zzo-]v- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

*- -c-≠mw- tem-I-a-lm-bp-≤-°m-e-Øv- P-∏m-≥ ]n-Sn-s®-Sp-Øv- j-lo-Zv,- kz-cm-Pv- Zzo-]p-Iƒ- F-∂p- t]-cp-\¬-In-b- `q-]-tZ-iw-

*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- hn-kv-Xo¿-W-Øn¬- h-\-]-tZ-i-ap-≈- tI-µ- `-c-W-]-tZ-iw-

*- -G-‰-hpw- P-\-km-µ-X- Ip-d-™- tI-µ- `-c-W- ]-tZ-iw-

*- -ho¿- k-hm¿-°¿- hn-am-\-Øm-h-fw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

*- -i-X-am-\m-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- h-\w- G-‰-hpw-Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- C-¥y-≥ `-c-W-L-S-Iw-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\-ß-fp-≈- tI-µ- `-c-W- ]-tZ-iw-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- kzm-X-¥y-tPym-Xn- sX-fn-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

*- -sF-F-≥F-kv- P-cm-h- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-*- -ssh-∏¿- sF-e-≥Uv- ,- tdm-kv- sF-e-≥Uv-

F-∂n-h- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-*- -t_- sF-e-‚ v-kv- F-∂-dn-b-∏-Sp-∂- C-¥y-

≥ `-c-W-L-S-Iw-*- -tK-‰v- \n-t°m-_m¿- _-tbm-kv-^n-b¿- dn-

k¿-hv- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- tI-µ- `-c-W-]-tZ-i-w

B‘m]tZiv* ]©mb-Øv- cm-Pv- kw-hn-[m-\w- Z-£n-tW-

¥y-bn¬- \-S-∏m-°n-b- B-Zy- kw-ÿm-\w-(1959).-

*- -]p-´-]¿-Øn- G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv-*- -`m-jm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- cq-]w-sIm-≠- B-

Zy- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w- (B-‘-)-*- -]-kn-U-‚ v- `-c-Ww- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂- B-Zy-

Z-£n-tW-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w- (B-‘-)-*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- d-∫¿- A-W-s°-

´v- \n¿-an-®- kw-ÿm-\w-*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Hm-∏-¨- bq-Wn-

th-gv-kn-‰n- ÿm-]n-X-am-b-kw-ÿm-\w-*- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- ip-≤-P-e-X-

Sm-I-am-b- sIm-t√-cp- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂-kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -C-¥y-bv-°v- ]-kn-U-‚n-s\-bpw- (\o-ew- k-Rv-Po-h- sd-Õn-)- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-sb-bpw- (\-c-knw-l-dm-hp-)- kw-`m-h-\- sN-bv-X- G-I-Z-£n-tW-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv- io-l-cn-t°m- -?-*- -G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv- F-≥Sn- cm-a-dm-

hp- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-b-Xv- ?-*- -Ip-®n-∏p-Un- F-∂- \r-Ø-cq-]w- ]n-d-hn-sIm-

≠- kw-ÿm-\w-*- -sX-t°- C-¥y-bn¬- I-S¬-Øo-c-Øn-s‚- \o-

f-Øn¬- H-∂mw- ÿm-\-ap-≈- kw-ÿm-\w-*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- ssk-_¿- Km-ao-

- sk-‚¿- ÿm-]n-°-s∏- - kw-ÿm-\w-*- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-cp-am-\-ap-≈- t£-

X-am-b- Xn-cp-∏-Xn- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w.-

*- -C-¥y-bp-sS- tZ-io-b- ]-Xm-I- cq-]-I¬-]-\- sN-bv-X- ]nw-K-en- sh-¶-ø- G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p-?-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy- K-h¿-W-dm-bn-cp-∂-cm-a-Ir-jv-W-dm-hp- G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p-?-

*- -tIm-ln-\q¿- Hm-^v- C-¥y- F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂- kw-ÿm\w

B\n _k‚v* \yq- C-¥y- F-∂- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-Ww- B-

cw-`n-®-Xv-*- -1904˛¬- a-Zm-kv- ln-µp- A-tkm-kn-tb-j-

≥ ÿm-]n-®-Xm-cv-*- -C-¥y-≥ tZ-io-b- ]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- h-µy-

h-tbm-[n-I- F-∂p- hn-fn-°-s∏-´-Xm-cv-*- -C-¥y-≥ X-]m¬-Ãm-ºn¬- ]-Xy-£-s∏-

´- B-Zy- hn-tZ-i- h-\n-X-*- -1915˛¬- cq-]w-sIm-≠- C-¥y-≥ hn-a-≥kv-

A-tkm-kn-tb-j-s‚- B-Zy- ]-kn-U-‚ v-*- -1916 sk-]v-Xw-_-dn¬- A-U-bm-dn¬- tlmw-

dqƒ- ]-ÿm-\w- B-cw-`n-®-Xv-*- -C-¥y-≥ \m-j-W¬- tIm-¨-K-kv- ]-kn-

U-‚m-b- B-Zy- h-\n-X- (1917)-*- -C-¥y-bn¬- Xn-tbm-k- n-°¬- skm-ssk-

‰n-bp-sS- ]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ-°v- t\-Xr-Xzw-\¬-In-b-Xv-

*- -H-∂mw- tem-I-a-lm-bp-≤w- Xp-S-ßn-b-t∏mƒ- P¿-a-\n-bv-s°-Xn-sc- Cw-Kv-f-≠v- bp-≤w- ]-Jym-]n-®-t∏mƒ- Cw-Kv-≠n-s‚- B-

h-iyw- C-¥y-bp-sS- A-h-k-c-am-Wv- F-∂p-]-d-™-Xv-

*- -hm-cm-W-kn-bn¬- sk-≥S¬- ln-µp- kv-Iqƒ- ÿm-]n-®-Xm-cv- (1898)

A‚m¿´n°* icmi-cn- D-b-cw- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- h-

≥I-c-*- -`q-an-bp-sS- tImƒ-Uv- tÃm-td-Pv- F-∂-dn-

b-s∏-Sp-∂- h-≥I-c-*- -C-¥y-°p-sh-fn-bn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- C-¥y-≥

t]m-tÃm- o-kv- ÿm-]n-®-sX-hn-sS-bm-Wv-*- -s]-≥Kzn-\p-Iƒ- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂- h-≥I-c-*- -G-‰-hpw- Cu¿-∏-c-ln-X-am-b- h-≥I-c-*- -]p¬-ta-Sp-Iƒ- Im-Wm-Ø- G-I- q-J-Wv-Uw-*- -a-cp-`q-J-Wv-Uw- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-*- -im-kv-X-Øn-s‚- h-≥I-c- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-

∂-Xv-*- -Z-£n-W- [p-hw- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- h-≥I-c-*- -H-fn-ºn-Iv-kv- Nn-”-Øn¬- km-∂n-[y-an-√m-

Ø- h-≥I-c-*- -D-c-K-ß-fn-√m-Ø- h-≥I-c-*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-‰p-ho-ip-∂- h-≥I-c-*- -G-‰-hpw- sX-t°-b-‰-sØ- h-≥I-c-*- -cm-Py-ß-fn-√m-Ø- h-≥I-c-*- -ÿn-c-Xm-a-k-°m-cn-√m-Ø- h-≥I-c-*- -G-Xv- h-≥I-c-bm-Wv- sdm-hmƒ-Uv- A-ap-≠v-

sk-≥ I-s≠-Øn-b-Xv-*- -]q¿-W-am-bpw- k-ap-Z-\n-c-∏n-\p-ap-I-fn¬-

ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- h-≥I-c-*- -G-‰-hpw- X-Wp-∏p-Iq-Sn-b- h-≥I-c-*- -i-cm-i-cn- D-b-cw- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sn-b- h-≥I-c-*- -G-Xv- h-≥I-c-bn-se- D-b-cw-Iq-Sn-b- m-K-am-

Wv- hn-≥k-¨- am-kn-^v-*- -Z-£n-W- Kw-tKm-Xn,- ssa-Xn,- `m-c-Xn- F-

∂o- K-th-j-W- tI-µ-ßƒ- C-¥y- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- ÿm-]n-®-X-v

F.sI. B‚Wn* cmPyk-`mw-K-am-bn-cn-t°- tI-c-f- ap-Jy-a-

¥n-bm-b- (A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m-≥ I-gn-™v-)-c-≠m-a-sØ- hy-‡n-

*- -G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-™- ]m-b-Øn¬- (37)- tI-c-f- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-b-Xv-

*- -kw-ÿm-\- Po-h-\-°m¿-°v- D-’-h- _-Ø-A-\p-h-Zn-®- ap-Jy-a-¥n-

*- -tI-c-f- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-b-ti-jw- tI-µ-a-¥n-bm-b- B-Zy- hy-‡n-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- Xn-X-e- ]-©m-b-Øv- cm-Pv-kw-hn-[m-\w- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂-Xv- G-Xv- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bp-sS- Im-e-Øv-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- Nm-cm-b- \n-tcm-[-\w- sIm-≠p-h-∂- ap-Jy-a-¥n-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- sXm-gn-en-√m-bv-a- th-X-\w- \-S-∏m-°n-b- ap-J-ya¥n

A¿P‚o\* ]›n-am¿-[-tKm-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- D-b-cw-

Iq-Sn-b- sIm-Sp-ap-Sn-bm-b- A-Izm-≥Im-Kz-G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-

*- sX-t°- A-ta-cn-°-bn¬- hn-kv-Xo¿-W-Øn¬- c-≠mw- ÿm-\-ap-≈- cm-Pyw-

*- tem-I-Øn¬- kv-]m-\n-jv- kw-km-cn-°p-∂-cm-Py-ß-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww-Iq-Sn-b-Xv-

*- -hn-kv-Xo¿-Wm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- C-¥y- I-gn-™m¬- (tem-I-Øv- F-´m-a-sØ-)- A-Sp-Ø- cm-Pyw-

*- -H-tc- enw-K-]-Z-hn-bp-≈-h¿- X-Ωn-ep-≈- hn-hm-l-Øn-\v- \n-b-a-km-[p-X- \¬-In-b- sX-t°- A-ta-cn-°-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- (2010)-cm-Pyw-

*- -sh-≈n- A-Y-hm- A¿-P-‚w- F-∂- aq-e-I-Øn¬-\n-∂v- t]-cp-e-`n-®- cm-Pyw-

*- -tem-I-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- h-\n-Xm- ]-kn-U-‚ v- (a-cn-b- F-sÃ-√m- s]-tdm-¨-)- A-[n-Im-c-Øn¬-h-∂- cm-Pyw-

*- -Z-£n-W- A-Xv-em-‚n-Iv- k-ap-Z-Øn-se-t^m-Iv-em-≥Uv- Zzo-]p-I-fp-sS- D-S-a-ÿm-h-Im-i-sØ- kw-_-‘n-®v- 1982˛¬- \-S-∂-bp-≤-Øn¬- _n-´-¨- tXm¬-]n-®- cm-Pyw-

*- tKm-X-ºn-s‚-bpw- I-∂p-Im-en-I-fp-sS-bpw-\m-Sv- F-∂- A-]-c-\m-aw- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚-Xm-Wv-

*- -_yp-W-kv- A-tb-gv-kv- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚-X-e-ÿm-\-am-Wv-

*- -Aƒ- n- πm-t\m- ]o-T- q-an- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-*- -C-Xn-lm-k- ^p-Sv-t_mƒ- Xm-cw- Uo-tKm-

a-d-tUm-W- G-Xv- cm-Py-°m-c-\-mWv

AcpWmN¬ ]tZiv* C¥y-≥kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- P-\-

km-µ-X- Ip-d-™-Xv-*- -C-¥y-bn¬- ]- m-X- kq-cy-s‚- In-c-W-ßƒ-

B-Zyw- ]-Xn-°p-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-*- -C-¥y-bn-se- Hm¿-°n-Uv- kw-ÿm-\w-*- -C-¥y-bn-se- kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬- h-\-hn-kv-

Xr-Xn-bn¬- c-≠mw- ÿm-\w- G-Xn-\m-Wv-*- -h-S-°p-In-g-°-≥ C-¥y-bn-se- k-]v-X-tkm-

Z-cn-am¿- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- hn-kv-Xo¿-W-ap-≈-Xv-

*- -h-S-°p-In-g-°-≥ C-¥y-bn-se- kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬-h-®v- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- h-\-`q-an-bp-≈-Xv-

*- -sX-°-≥ Sn-_-‰v- F-∂v- Nn-e- ssN-\o-kv-

2015 Un-kw-_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 21

hr-Ø-ßƒ- ]-cm-a¿-in-°p-∂- C-¥y-≥ ]-tZ-iw-

*- -t\-^- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-*- -C-¥y-bn-se- 24a-sØ- kw-ÿm-\w-*- -\w-Z-^- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-Xw- ÿn-Xn-sN-

øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-*- -_-“-]p-X- C-¥y-bn¬- ]-th-in-°p-∂-

kw-ÿm-\w-*- -C-¥y-bn-se- D-Z-b-kq-cy-s‚- \m-Sv-*- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- _p-≤-a-X-

sam-Wm-Ã-dn-bm-b- X-hm-Mv- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- In-g-t°-b-‰-sØ-kw-ÿm-\-w

Gjy* G‰hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- P-\-kw-Jy-bp-≈- h-

≥I-c-*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- P-\-km-µ-X-bp-≈- h-

≥I-c-*- -bm-°v- F-∂- ar-Kw- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂- h-≥I-c-*- -ssh-cp-[y-ß-fp-sS- h-≥I-c- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-

Sp-∂-Xv-*- -bq-dm¬- ]¿-h-X-\n-c- bq-tdm-∏n-s\- G-Xv-

h-≥I-c-bn¬-\n-∂v- th¿-Xn-cn-°p-∂p-*- -G-Xv- h-≥I-c-bn-em-Wv- tKm-_n- a-cp-`q-an-*- -G-‰-hpw- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- Iq-Sn-b- h-≥I-c-*- -s_-dnw-Kv- I-S-en-Sp-°v- h-S-t°- A-ta-cn-

°-sb- G-Xv- h-≥I-c-bn¬-\n-∂v- th¿-Xn-cn-°p-∂p-

*- -ù-tam-]-cn-X-e-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- D-b¿-∂-`m-K-hpw- Xm-gv-∂- `m-K-hpw- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- h-≥I-c-

*- -G-Xv- h-≥I-c-bn-em-Wv- kn¬-°v- dq-´v- A-Y-hm- ]-´v ]mX

AtimI≥* _p≤a-X- ]-N-c-W-Øn-\v- X-s‚- a-°-fm-

b- a-tl-µ-s\-bpw- kw-L-an-X-sb-bpw-io-e-¶-bn-te-°v- A-b-®v- au-cy- cm-Pm-hv-

*- -_p-≤-a-X-Øn-s‚- sk-‚ v- t]mƒ- F-∂p-hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xv-

*- -au-cy-km-am-Pyw- hn-kv-Xo¿-W-Øn-s‚- ]-c-tIm-Sn-bn-se-Øn-b-Xv- B-cp-sS- Im-e-Øm-Wv-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- k-am-[m-\-Im-e-sØ- [o-c-X-bv-°v- \¬-Ip-∂- ]-c-tam-∂-X- _-lp-a-Xn-(A-tim-I-N-Iw-)- bp-sS- t]-cp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´- cm-Pm-hv-

*- -G-Xv- cm-Pm-hn-s‚- Im-e-sØ- in-em-te-J-ß-fm-Wv- sP-bnw-kv- ]n-≥sk-]v- Xn-cn-®-dn-™-Xv-

*- -in-em-en-Jn-X-ß-fn-eq-sS- X-s‚- B-i-b-ßƒ- P-\-ßƒ-°p- ]-I¿-∂- B-Zy- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-

*- -K-b-bn¬- a-lm-t_m-[n-t£-Xw- ]-Wn-I-gn-∏n-®- cm-Pm-hv-

*- -km-©n-kv-Xq-]w- \n¿-an-®- cm-Pm-hv-*- -km-c-\m-Yv- kv-Xq-]w- \n¿-an-®- cm-Pm-hv-*- -tem-I-N-cn-X-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- a-lm-\m-b-

N-I-h¿-Øn- F-∂v- ]-i-kv-X- N-cn-X-Im-c-≥ F-®v- Pn- sh¬-kv- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xv-

*- -tZ-hm-\mw-]n-b-Z-in-/-tZ-hm-\mw-]n-b- F-∂-t]-cp- kzo-I-cn-®- cm-Pm-hv-

*- -_p-≤-a-X-Øn-s‚- tIm-¨-Ã-ss‚-≥ F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xv-

*- -_p-≤-a-X-sØ- tem-I-a-X-am-°n- h-f¿-Øn-sb-Sp-Ø- cm-Pm-hv-

*- -aq-∂mw- _p-≤-a-X- k-tΩ-f-\-Øn-s‚- c-£m-[n-Im-cn-

*- -au-cy-hw-i-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- a-lm-\m-b- cm-Pm-hv-

B mw* \mw-cq-]v,- N-µ-∏q¿- sX¿-a¬- ]-≤-Xn-Iƒ-

ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-*- -]m-No-\-Im-e-Øv- Im-a-cq-]w- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-

ń-cp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -am-\-kv- _-tbm-kv-^n-b¿- dn-k¿-hv- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -am-\-kv- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\w- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -A-tlmw- cm-P-hw-iw- `-c-Ww- \-S-Øn-bn-cp-∂- ]-tZ-iw-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- tX-bn-e-D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -Cw-•o-jv- A-£-c-am-e-bn-se- Sn- F-∂-A-£-c-Øn-s‚- B-Ir-Xn-bn-ep-≈- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv- _-“-

]p-X- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-Zq-cw- H-gp-Ip-∂-Xv-

*- -h-S-°p-In-g-°-≥ C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- P-\-kw-Jy- Iq-Sn-b- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -Im-kn-cw-K- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\w- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -km-Xn-b- F-∂- ¢m-kn-°¬- \r-Ø-cq-]w-]-Nm-c-Øn-ep-≈- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -ln-µp-°ƒ-°pw- ap-…n-ßƒ-°pw- _p-≤-a-X-°m¿-°pw- ]-cn-]m-h-\-am-b- ÿ-e-am-b-lm-tPm- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -tem-I-]n-b- tKm-]n-\m-Yv- t_m¿-tZm-fn-

hn-am-\-Øm-h-fw- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈- F-Æ-ip-≤o-I-W-im-e-bm-b- Zn-Kv-t_m-bn- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -C-¥y-bp-sS- Nm-b-tØm-´w- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -tPm¿-l-Xv- \m-j-W¬-]m¿-°v- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-

*- -Z-£n-tW-jy-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- \-Zo-Zzo-]m-b- a-Pp-en- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\-w

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Bkv-Ym-\ Bô-kv,- ]´w,- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-

sl. category Name of Post & Dept. DateNo No 2016 Jan.

1. 179/10 Lecturer in Computer Application andBusiness Management - TechnicalEducation Department 06,07

2. 271/13 Lecturer in Commerce (SR for ST only) -Technical Education Department(Polytechnic Colleges) 06

3. 349/12 Engineering Assistant Grade I - 06,07,08Kerala State Construction Corporation Ltd 13,14

4. 103/15 Selection Grade Reporter (Malayalam)(SR for SC/ST only) Kerala LegislatureSecretariat 06

5. 726/14 Junior Instructor (Electrician) -(NCA(LC/AI)Industrial Training Department 07

6. 432/12 Electrician Gr II-Kerala Public ServiceCommission 07,08

7. 193/11 Vocational Teacher- General InsuranceKerala Vocational Higher SecondaryEducation - 08

8. 108/15 Assistant Engineer/Head Draughtsman(Civil) (SR for ST only) PWD (Administration) 08

9. 324/13 Tractor Driver (NCA-SC) - AnimalHusbandry DepartmentDistrict Office : Thiruvananthapuram 08

10. 754/14 LPSA (Tamil ) (NCA Ezhava/Billava/Thiyya) - Education DeptDistrict Office : Thiruvananthapuram 08

11. 63/13 Range Forest Officer (Special Recruitment64/13 for SC/ST&ST only) -65/13 Forest Department 13,14

12. 622/12 Rehabilitation Co-ordinator - 13,14Medical Education 15

13. 568/14 High School Assistant (English)By Transfer- EducationDistrict Office : Thiruvananthapuram 14

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- sIm-√w--

1. 476/12 Librarian Grade IV- MunicipalCommon Service 01,07,08

2. 310/14 High School Assistant (Arabic),II NCA - Ezhava, Education 08

3. 106/14 Non Vocational Teacher Commerce(By Transfer from ministerial staff inKVHSE Dept)Kerala Vocational Higher SecondaryEducation Regional Office, Kollam 08

4. 323/13 Tractor Driver (NCA E/T/B)- AgricultureDepartment 08

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- FdWm-Ip-fw-1. 476/12 Librarian Grade IV- Municipal

Common Service 132. 193/11 Vocational Teacher- General Insurance

Kerala Vocational Higher SecondaryEducation - Regional Office Ernakulam 14

3. 496/14 Computer Gr.II (NCA - LC/AI) -Printing Department 15

4. 529/14 PTJLT (Arabic) (NCA SC,Ezhava/

sl. category Name of Post & Dept. DateNo No 2016 Jan.

C≥-d¿-hyq- t]m-Kmw- P\p-hcn- 2016

530/14 Billava/Thiyya) - Education Department 155. 384/14 Vocational Instructor -Agriculture

PH Backlog. Kerala Vocational HigherSecondary EducationRegional Office Ernakulam 15

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- Xr-»q¿-

1. 114/13 Junior Public Health Nurse Grade II(II NCAMuslim)Health Services Dept 13,14

2. 476/12 Librarian Grade IV- MunicipalCommon Service 14,15

3. 359/12 Artist Cum Photographer Cum CinemaOperator, Rural Development Department 15

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- ]m-e°m-Sv-

1. 52/14 Junior Public Health Nurse Grade II(I NCA-LC) Health Services Department 13,14

2. 51/14 Junior Public Health Nurse Grade II(I NCAViswakarma)-Health Services Department 14

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- ae∏p-dw-

1. 439/12 Laboratory Technician - Homeopathy 132. 568/14 High School Assistant (English)

By Transfer - Education 143. 755/14 FTJLT (Arabic) UPS NCA Ezhava,SC,LC

758/14 AI,OBC,SIUCN,OX,Hindu Nadar-759/14 Education761/14 MLP-755/2014-11,758/2014-1,759/2014-1,762/14 761/2014-1,762/2014-1,764/2014-1764/14 KKD-755/2014-4 14

4. 755/14 FTJLT(Arabic) UPS NCA Ezhava,756/14 SC,LC/AI,OBC,SIUCN,OX,Hindu Nadar-758/14 Education

TVM-756/2014-1PKD -755/2014-2,756/2014-1,758/2014-4KNR-755/2014-2KGD-755/2014-2,758/2014-3 14

5. 51/14 Junior Public Health Nurse Grade II(I NCAViswakarma)-Health Services Department 15

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Bkv-Ym-\ &Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-

1. 476/12 Librarian Grade IV - Municipal Common477/12 Service479/12 District Office : Kozhikkode 13,14,15

2. 454/12 Staff Nurse Gr.II (NCA - Muslim) -Health Services DepartmentDistrict Office : Kozhikkode 14,15

3. 119/11 Confidential Assistant Grade II(SR for SC/ST only)Various DepartmentDistrict Office : Kozhikkode 15

4. 765/14 FTJLT(Arabic) LPS(IV NCA-E/B/T,OBC,766/14 SC & III NCA-LC)- Education767/14 District Office : Kozhikkode 15769/14

22 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2015 Un-kw-_¿- 15

1. epjmbv ln¬ UnkvSnIv F∂Xv GXvkwÿm-\-Øns‚ ]gb t]cm-Wv?(F) aWn-∏q¿ (_n) taLm-eb(kn) anskmdw (Un) kn°nw

2. ap√-s∏-cn-bm¿ AW-s°-ńs‚ in¬]nF∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv(F) tPm¨ s]-∂n-I-zn°v(_n) hneyw _m¿´¨(kn) tPm¨ Um\n-tb¬ a¨tdm(Un) hneyw temK≥

3. GXp \Zn-bpsS t]mj-I-\-Zn-bmWv ap√-bm¿?(F) `mc-X-∏pg (_n) s]cn-bm¿(kn) ]º (Un) Nmen-bm¿

4. 36 mw `c-W-L-S\m t`Z-KXn GXvkwÿm-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p?(F) tKmh (_n) Acp-Wm-N¬]tZiv(kn) ]©m_v (Un) kn°nw

5. GXns‚ P¥p-imkvX \ma-amWvslan-Sm-Kkv ssltemInb-kv?(F) \£X Ba(_n) hc-bmSv(kn) knwl-hm-e≥ Ipcßv(Un) abn¬

6. P\\n \h-cXv\ aRvP -cn -bpsSI¿Ømhv(F) io\m-cm-bW Kpcp(_n) N´-ºn-k-zm-an-Iƒ(kn) _“-\µ inh-tbmKn(Un) ssX°mSv Aø

7. sNbvXp-t]mb sX‰p-Iƒ Hm¿Øv hnj-an-°msX `mhn-bnse al-Ømb t\´-ßƒ°mbn ]h¿Øn-°pI F∂p ]d-™Xv(F) hnIvS¿ bqtKm(_n) Imƒ am¿Ivkv(kn) s\t∏mfn-b≥(Un) entbm- tSmƒtÃmbv

8. cmP-y-Øns‚ ]tZ-i-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-sb-°p-dn®v ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS FXm-asØ sjU-yq-fn-em-Wv?(F) H∂m-asØ (_n) c≠masØ(kn) aq∂m-asØ (Un) \mem-asØ

9. sSÃv In°-‰n¬ BcpsS temIsdt°m¿UmWv 1994 ¬ I]n¬ tZhvadn-I-S-∂-Xv?(F) tImSv\n hm¬jv(_n) dn®m¿Uv lm¿Uven(kn) kp\n¬ Kmh-kvI¿(Un) Ae≥ t_m¿U¿

10. kn‘-y-bpsS \Kcw F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv(F) C≥tUm¿ (_n) t`m∏m¬-kn) Qm≥kn (Un) Kzm-fn-tbm¿

11. GXv h¿j-amWv Gj-y-bn¬ h®v BZ-y-ambn Hfn-ºnIvkv \S-∂-Xv?(F) 1960 (_n) 1956(kn) 1964 (Un) 1968

12. Xncp-s\¬then If-IvS¿ Bjns\shSn-h®p sIm∂ hnπ-h-Imcn(F) `KXv knßv(_n) Nµ-ti-J¿ BkmZv(kn) h©n-\mY Aø¿(Un) k®n≥ k∂-ym¬

13. Z£n-tW-¥-y-bpsS Zo]-inJm hml-I≥F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv?(F) kn.-cm-P-tKm-]m-em-Nmcn

(_n) sI.-Im-a-cmPv(kn) Pn.-kp-_-“-Wy Aø¿(Un) Fkv.-k-X-y-aq¿Øn

14. C‚¿t]mƒ ÿm]-n-Xamb h¿jw(F) 1923 (_n) 1924(kn) 1925 (Un) 1926

15. cmk-h-kvXp-°-fpsS cmPmhv F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv(F) kz¿Æw(_n) ssl-tUmt¢mdnIv BknUv(kn) k¬^-yq-dnIv BknUv(Un) AI-zm-do-Pnb

16. Iyq--Wnt^mw en]n GXv kwkvIm-c-hpambn _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p?(F) amb≥ (_n) CuPn-]vj-y≥(kn) lmc-∏≥(Un) satkm-s∏m-t´-an-b≥

17. kzm-`mhnI d∫-dns‚ ASn-ÿm\LSIw(F) \ntbm-]o≥ (_n) sFtkm-]o≥(kn) s_≥ko≥(Un) t^m¿am¬Un-sslUv

18. EtK-zZ-Im-eØv hnln F∂-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp∂ [m\yw(F) _m¿en (_n) tKmXºv(kn) Acn (Un) Ch-sbm-∂p-a√

19. sska¨ IΩo-j-s\-Xnsc eIv\u-hn¬ \S∂ ]Xn-tj[ ka-c-Øn¬emØn-®m¿Pn-\nsS ]cn-t°‰v ÿnc-amb sshI-eyw kw`-hn® t\mXmhv(F) emem -e-Pv]Xvdmbv(_n) Phm-l¿em¬ s\lp(kn) em¬_-l-Zq¿ imkvXn(Un) Pn.-_n.-]¥v

20. cma-N-cn-X-am-\kw F∂ t]cn¬ cmam-bWw lnµn-bnte°v ]cn- m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv(F) kq¿Zmkv (_n) I_o¿(kn) Xpf-kn-Zmkv(Un) Xm≥sk≥

21. emtlm-dn\v ]Icw GXv \K-c-amWvC¬Øp-anjv Xe-ÿm-\-am-°n-b-Xv?(F) BK (_n) s]j-hm¿(kn) Idm®n (Un) U¬ln

22. C¥y≥ \mj-W¬ tSUv bqWn-b≥tIm¨K-kns‚ BZy ]kn-U‚ v(F) ZmZm- mbv \h-tdmPn(_n) Uª-yp.-kn.-_m-\¿Pn(kn) emem- e-Pv]Xvdmbn(Un) Fkv.-kn.-_m-\¿Pn

23. sFI-y-cm-jvS-k-`-bpsS Nm¿´¿ AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏´ h¿jw(F) 1948 (_n) 1947(kn) 1946 (Un) 1945

24. ]me-°mSv Pn√-bnse apX-e-aS GXvIrjn-°mWv ]kn-≤w?(F) shfpØp≈n (_n) Hmd©v(kn) amºgw (Un) ssIX-®°

25. GXv cmP-y -ØmWv km≥am-dnt\mÿnXn sNøp-∂Xv(F) Z£n-Wm-^n° (_n) C‰en(kn) djy (Un) ^m≥kv

26. c‡-k-Ω¿±-Øn-s\-Xnsc D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ kkyw(F) ac-hmg (_n) ihw-\mdn(kn) k¿∏-K‘n (Un) Ipdp-t¥mń

27. c‡-kw-N-cWw I≠p-]n-Sn-®Xv(F) Imƒem≥Uv sÃbn-\¿(_n) hneyw lm¿hn(kn) Po≥ _m]v‰nÃsU\nkv

(Un) Ch-cm-cp-a√28. hnπ-h-Øn-s‚ In‚¿Km¿´≥ tÃPv

F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏´ kw`-h-ta-Xv?(F) \n -l-I-cW ]ÿm\w(_n) Nºm-c≥ kX-ym-Klw(kn) Izn-‰n-¥ym kacw(Un) ZWvUn am¿®v

29. FXv cmP-ysØ hml\ \n¿ΩmWIº-\n-bmWv t^mIvkv hmK¨?(F) P∏m≥ (_n) bp.-F-kv.F(kn) P¿a\n (Un) ^m≥kv

30. Bfl-l-Xy- sN-bv-X- ]p-en-‰v-k¿- k-Ωm-\- tP-Xm-hm-b- sI-hn-≥ Im¿-´¿- G-Xv-cm-Py-°m--c-\mbncp∂p.(F) _n´¨(_n) Z£n-Wm-^n°(kn) kpUm≥ (Un) kzo-U≥

31. s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\- tP-Xm-hm-b- ssI-em-jv- k-Xym¿-Yn- G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv- P-\n-®-Xv?(F) DØ-¿-]-tZiv(_n) a[-y-]-tZiv(kn) lnam-N¬ ]tZiv(Un) lcn-bm\

32. tIc-f-Øn-em-Z-y-ambn D]-Xn-c-s™-Sp∏v\S∂ \nb-a-k`m aWvUew(F) tZhn-Ipfw (_n) ]ocp--taSv(kn) t\aw (Un) Ig-°q´w

33. KmaoW dn∏-ªn-°p-I-fpsS Iq´w F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ C¥-y≥ kwÿm\w(F) PΩp-Im-ivao¿(_n) \mKm-em≥Uv(kn) HUnj (Un) ]©m_v

34. C¥-y-˛-ssN\ bp≤w \S∂ h¿jw(F) 1948 (_n) 1962(kn) 1969 (Un) 1971

35. GXv h¿j-amWv Im©≥PwK sImSp-apSn BZ-y-ambn Iog-S-°n-b-Xv?(F) 1955 (_n) 1956(kn) 1957 (Un) 1958

36. P∏m≥Im¿ \n¿Ωn-°p∂ tkIv F∂]m\obw Xøm-dm-°p-∂Xv GXn¬\n∂m-Wv?(F) Acn (_n) tKmXºv(kn) Icnºv (Un) ]d-¶n-amß

37. ]ń-I-PmXn hn`m-K-Øn-\m-bp≈ tZiobIΩo-j≥ \ne-hn¬ h∂ h¿jw(F) 2003 (_n) 2004(kn) 2005 (Un) 2006

38. sI.-]n.-F.-kn. bpsS \nß-sfs∂ Ia-yq-Wn-Ãm°n F∂ \mSIw BZ-y-ambnAc-tß-dnb ÿew(F) Imbw-Ipfw (_n) Icp-\m-K-∏≈n(kn) Nhd (Un) ]p\-eq¿

39. 1938 ¬ kp`mjv Nµ-t_mkv A[-y-£X hln® tIm¨Kkv ktΩ-f\w\S∂ lcn-]pc Ct∏mƒ GXvkwÿm-\-Øn-em-Wv?(F) I¿Wm-SIw (_n) a[-y-]-tZiv(kn) HUnj (Un) KpP-dmØv

40. hS -°p -In -g -°≥ C¥-y -bn¬ GXvkwÿm-\sØ sslt°m-S-Xn-bmWvBZyw \ne-hn¬ h∂Xv?(F) Akw (_n) taLm-eb(kn) aWn-∏q¿ (Un) Acp-Wm-N¬]tZiv

41. t\∏m-fns‚ tZiob arKw(F) knwlw (_n) ISph(kn) ]ip (Un) B\

42. GXp-ambn _‘-s∏-´mWv sF≥Ão\vs\mt_¬ kΩm\w e`n-®-Xv?(F) t^mt´m-C-e-IvSnIv CÎvSv(_n) P\-d¬ Xnbdn Hm^v dnte-‰n-hn‰n(kn) kvs]j-y¬ Xnbdn Hm^v dnte-‰n-hn‰n(Un) Ch-sbm-∂p-a√

43. A¥¿tZ-iob hnh¿Ø\ Zn\w(F) sk]vXw-_¿ 21(_n) sk]vXw-_¿ 30(kn) HIvtSm-_¿ 5(Un) HIvtSm-_¿ 30

44. \mj-W¬ eoKv t^m¿ sUtam-IknGXv cmP-ysØ cmjvSob ]m¿ń-bm-Wv?(F) _w•m-tZiv (_n) t\∏mƒ(kn) `q´m≥ (Un) aym≥am¿

45. t¢mWnw-Kn-eqsS krjvSn-°-s∏´ \qdnGXv arK-am-Wv?(F) ]mjvan\ BSv(_n) sNΩ-cn-bmSv(kn) ]∂n (Un) IpXnc

46. C¥y≥ \mj-W¬ tIm¨K-kns‚c≠m-asØ ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ FX]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmWv ]s¶-Sp-Ø-Xv?(F) 343 (_n) 434(kn) 607 (Un) 1248

47. _cmIv H_ma kam-[m\ s\mt_-en\vA¿l-\mb h¿jw(F) 2006 (_n) 2007(kn) 2008 (Un) 2009

48. GXv cmP-y-ØmWv tJm¨ sh≈-®m- w?(F) Iwt_m-Unb(_n) Xmbve≥Uv(kn) ethmkv (Un) ate-jy

49. tamtWmtkmUnbw •q´m-ta‰v GXvt]cn-emWv A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv?(F) t¢mtdmt^mw(_n) APn-t\m-tamt´m(kn) h\-kv]Xn (Un) Bkv]n-cn≥

50. C¥-y≥ Id≥kn-bpsS ]XoIw cq]-I¬]\ sNbvX-Xv?(F) Un. cmwIp-am¿(_n) Un. DZ-b-Ip-am¿(kn) Un.tP-ym-Xn-Ip-am¿(Un) Un. AP-b-Ip-am¿

Answers1 (c) 2(a) 3(b) 4(d) 5(b) 6(a) 7(d) 8(a) 9(b) 10(d)11(c) 12(c) 13(d) 14(a) 15(c) 16(d) 17(b) 18(c)19(d) 20(c) 21(d) 22(d) 23(d) 24(c) 25(b) 26(c)27(c) 28(d) 29(c) 30(b) 31(b) 32(a) 33(b) 34(b)35(a) 36(a) 37(b) 38(c) 39(d) 40(a) 41(c) 42(a)43(b) 44(d) 45(a) 46(b) 47(d) 48(c) 49(b) 50(b)

Un-kw-_¿ 1 e°w _p≈-‰n-\ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-¬ s]mXp-hn-⁄m\ \ne-hmcw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp tNmZy-t]-∏-dm-Wn-Xv. Hmtcm icn-bp-Ø-c-Øn\pw Hcp am¿°v. sX‰nbm¬ 0.33 s\K-‰ohvam¿°v.48 am¿°v apX¬ 50 hsc Excellent, 43- 47 Very Good, 36- 42- Good, 26˛35˛ Average. 25 -am¿°n\p Xmsg-bm-sW-¶n¬ IqSp-X¬ a\- n-cpØnbpw Bh¿Øn®pap≈ hmb\ A\n-hm-cyw.

Test Your GK

2015 Un-kw-_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 23

sFI-y-cm-jv-S- k-`- 2015 Pq-sse-bn¬-]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®- dn-t∏m¿-´v- ]-Im-cw- G-Xp- h¿-j-tØm-sS-bm-Wv- ssN-\-sb- ]n-∂n-em-°n- C-¥y- tem-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw-Iq-Sp-X¬- P-\-kw-Jy-bp-≈- cm-Pyw- F-∂- hn-ti-j-Ww- kz-¥-am-°p-∂-Xv-˛-2022sF-Iy-cm-jv-S- k- -bn¬- \n-∂v- tkm-fm¿-tlmw- kn-Ã-ßƒ-°v- ^-≠v- e-`n-®- B-Zy- cm-Pyw-˛-_w-•m-tZ-iv-2015 B-K-Ãn¬- 48 m-a-Xv- B-kn-b-≥ hn-tZ-i-a-¥n-am-cp-sS- tbm-K-Øn-\v- B-Xn-tY-b-Xzw- h-ln-®- cm-Pyw-˛-a-te-jy-2017 se- tem-I- ]p-kv-X-I- \-K-c-am-bn-bp-s\-kv-tIm- Xn-c-s™-Sp-Ø- X-e-ÿm-\w-˛-sIm-\m-In-C-¥y-bp-sS- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- aƒ-ń- ]¿-∏-kv- tkm-fm¿- sS-e-kv-tIm-∏v- ÿm-]n-°-s∏-´- \-K-cw-˛-D-Z-bv-]q¿-sF.-F-kv.-B¿.-H.- bp-sS- B-Zy-sØ- tIm-ta-gv-ky¬- ssS-‰m-\n-bw- kv-t]m-©v- πm-‚ v- ÿm-]n-®-Xv- G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv- -tI-c-fw-2015 B-K-Ãn¬- 74 mw- h-b- n¬- A-¥-

cn-®- C-¥y-bp-sS- ]-Y-a- h-\n-X-˛-kp-h-ap-J¿-Pn-temI sl-∏-ss‰-‰n-kv- Zn-\w- -Pq-sse- 28X-t±-io-b- P-\-X-bv-°p-th-≠n-bp-≈- A-¥m-cm-jv-S- Zn-\w-˛-B-K-Ãv- 9tZ-io-b- lm-≥Uv-eqw- Zn-\w-˛-B-K-Ãv- 7C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- sS-en-tImw-I-º-\n- -F-b¿-sS¬-tem-I-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- t^m-kn¬- C-‘-\- hn-ap-‡- cm-Pyw-˛-kzo-U-≥2015 H-Iv-tSm-_-dn¬- sa-Iv-kn-°-≥ Xo-c-Øv- A-\p- -h-s∏- - sIm-Sp-¶m-‰v- -]-So-jy-A-sº-bv-Øv- tem-I- I-∏v- a¬-k-c-Øn¬-sa-U¬- t\-Sn-b- (sh-≈n-)- B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ Xm-cw-˛-A-`n-tj-Iv- h¿-Ω-tem-I- Ãm-‰n-Ãn-Iv-kv- Zn-\w-˛- H-Iv-tSm-_¿- 202015 se- am-≥_p-°¿- ss]-kv- t\-Sn-b-am¿-e-≥ sP-bnw-kv- G-Xv- cm-Py-°m-c-\m-Wv-˛-P-ssa-°-s]-¨-Ip-ń-bv-°m-bp-≈- A-¥¿-tZ-io-b-Zn-\w- ˛- H-Iv-tSm-_¿- 1tem-I- Im-≥k¿- t_m-[-h-Xv-I-c-W- Zn-\w-˛-\-hw-_¿- 72015 B-K-Ãn¬- sF-Iy-cm-jv-S-k- -bp-sS-]-Y-a- s\¬-k-¨- a-t≠-e- A-hm¿-Un-

\v- A¿-l--cm-b-h¿- -Helena Ndume,Jorge Sampaio]u-c-Zn-\w-˛-\-hw-_¿- 19C-¥y-bn¬- \n-b-a- Zn-\-am-bn- B-N-cn-°p-∂-Xv- ˛-\-hw-_¿- 26`-c-W-L-S-\m- Zn-\w-˛--\-hw-_¿- 26ssh-‰v- lu-kn-s‚- \m-j-W¬- lyq-am-\n-‰o-kv- sa-U-en-\v- A¿-l-bm-b- C-¥y-≥˛-A-ta-cn-°-≥ F-gp-Øp-Im-cn-˛-Ppw-]m-em-ln-cn-U-®v- _m-em-h-Im-i- u-t≠-j-\m-b- In-Uv-kv- ssd-‰v-kn-s‚- Nn¬-U-≥kv- ]o-kv-ss]-kn-\v- A¿-l-\m-b-Xv-˛-F-_-lmw-sI-bv-‰-1979 ¬- \-S-∏m-°n-b- H-‰-°p-ń- \-bw- ]n-≥h-en-®- cm-Pyw- ˛- ssN-\-G-Xv- cm-Py-sØ- Hm-W-sse-≥ hn¬-]-\-I-º-\n-bm-Wv- B-en-_m-_-˛-ssN-\-bq-tdm-]y-≥ ]m¿-e-sa-‚n-s‚- k-J-tdm-hv-]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\v- A¿-l-\m-b-Xv- -d-bn- v-_-Zm-hn-_w-•m-tZ-iv- C-¥y-°v- ssI-am-dn-b- D¬-^- t\-Xm-hv-˛-A-\q-]v- tN-ń-b-sI.-Fw.-am-Wn- cm-Pn-h-®-t∏mƒ- A-t±-l-tØm-Sv- sF-Iy-Zm¿-Vyw- ]-I-Sn-∏n-®v- cm-Pn-h-®- No-^v- hn-∏v-˛-tXm-a-kv- D-Æn-bm-S-≥G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv- \n-e-hn-se- ]-kn-U-‚m-b- A-e-km-s\- Iz- -d- ]-kn-U-‚ v- sX-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬- hn-P-bw- t\-Sn-b-Xv- -sF-h-dn- tIm-Ãv-sF-Iy-cm-jv-S- k-`- A-`-bm¿-Yn- Im-cy-hn-`m-K-Øn-s‚- ta-[m-hn-bm-b- C-‰m-en-b-≥ \-b-X-¥- D-tZym-K-ÿ-≥˛-^n-en-t∏m-Km-≥Un-an-I-®- Im-bn-I-Xm-c-Øn-\p-≈- 2015 se-

Pn-Ωn- tPm¿-÷v- A-hm¿-Un-\v- A¿-l-bm-b-Xv-˛-Sn-‚p- eq-°-B¿-ń-Ãv- \-ºq-Xn-cn-sb-°p-dn-®v- t\¿-h-c- F-∂- tUm-Iyp-sa-‚-dn- kw-hn-[m-\w-sN-bv-X-Xv-˛-jm-Pn F-≥.- I-cp-¨-2015 se- I-¨-^q-jy-kv- ss]-kv- t\-Sn-b-Xv-˛-tdm-_¿-´v- ap-Km-s_-]q-s\-bn¬- \-S-∂- an-X- i-‡n- F-∂-ssk-\n-Im-`ym-k-Øn¬- C-¥y-tbm-sSm-∏w- ]-s¶-Sp-Ø- A-b¬- cm-Pyw-˛-io-e-¶-2015 se- h-≈-tØmƒ- ]p-c-kv-Im-c- tP-Xm-hv-˛-B-\-µv-

A¿-P-‚o-\-bp-sS- ]p-Xn-b- ]-kn-U-‚ v- -au-do-tkym- a-In-tem-I- ip-Nn-ap-dn- Zn-\w- ˛- \-hw-_¿- 19kw-ÿm-\-sØ- an-I-®- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bv-°p-≈- Nm-≥k-te-gv-kv- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw-B-Zy-am-bn- t\-Sn-b-Xv- -tI-c-f- k¿-∆-I-em-im-e-G-Xv- a-Wv-U-e-sØ-bm-Wv- \-tc-µ-tam-Zn-tem-Iv-k- -bn¬- ]-Xn-\n-[m-\w- sN-øp-∂-Xv-˛-hm-c-Wm-kn-_m-lp-_-en- F-∂- Nn-Xw- kw-hn-[m-\w-sN-bv-X-Xv-˛-F-kv.-F-kv.-cm-P-au-en-tIm-a-¨-sh¬-Øn-s‚- ]p-Xn-b- sk-I-´-

dn- P-\-d¬-˛-]-So-jy- kv-tIm-Sv-e-≥Uv-F-∂p-ap-X-em-Wv- ]-So-jy- kv-tIm-Sv-e-≥Un-s‚- Im-em-h-[n- B-cw-`n-°p-∂-Xv-˛-2016 G-]n¬- 1G-Xv- cm-Py-sØ- ]u-c-Xz-am-Wv- ]-So-jy-kv-tIm-Sv-e-≥Un-\p-≈-Xv-˛-_n-´-¨-G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv- ]-So-jy- kv-tIm-Sv-e-≥Uv- P-\n-®-Xv-˛-sUm-an-\n-°-tIm-a-¨-sh¬-Øv- sk-I-´-dn- P-\-d-em-b- B-Zy- h-\n-X- -]-So-jy- kv-tIm-Sv-e-≥Uv-BRICS F∂ kw-L-S-\-bn-se- Aw-K-cm-Py-ßƒ-˛-_n-´-¨,- d-jy,- C-¥y,- ssN-\,- ku-Øv- B-^n-°-C-‘-\- ]-Xn-k-‘n- ]-cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xv-t\-∏mƒ- G-Xv- cm-Py-hp-am-bn-´m-Wv- [m-c-Wm- ]-X-Øn¬- H-∏n-´-Xv-˛-ssN-\-1961 se- C-≥Iw-Sm-Iv-kv- B-Iv-Sn-se- hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ- e-Lq-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- tI-µ-k¿-°m¿- \n-tbm-Kn-®- I-Ωn-‰n-˛-B¿.-hn.-Cu-iz¿- I-Ωn-‰n-B-cp-sS- P-∑-hm¿-jn-I-hp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-

´m-Wv- \-hw-_¿- 26 tZ-io-b- £o-c-Zn-\-am-bn- Xn-c-s™-Sp-Ø-Xv- -tUm.- h¿-Ko-kv-Ip-cy-≥F-´m-a-Xv- \m-j-W¬- ko-Uv- tIm-¨-K-kn-\v- 2015 H-Iv-tSm-_-dn¬- th-Zn-bm-b-Xv-˛-ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zv-aq-∂m-a-Xv- C-¥y- -B-^n-°- D-®-tIm-Sn-°v-2015 H-Iv-tSm-_-dn¬- th-Zn-bm-b-Xv-˛-\yq-U¬-ln-kw-kv-Ir-X-sØ- t]m-’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\v- tI-µ- am-\-h-ti-jn- a-¥m-e-bw- \n-

tbm-Kn-®- hn-Z-Kv-[- k-an-Xn-bp-sS- X-e-h-\m-b- ap-≥ ap-Jy- X-cn-s™-Sp-∏v- I-Ωo-j-W¿-˛-F-≥.-tKm-]m-e-kzm-an-2016 G-]n¬- H-∂p-ap-X¬- a-Zy-hn¬-]-\-\n-tcm-[n-°m-≥ Xo-cp-am-\n-®- D-Ø-tc-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w-˛-_o-lm¿-t]m¿-®p-K¬- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-bm-bn- 2015 \-hw-_-dn¬- \n-b-an-X-\m-b-Xv-˛-A-t‚-Wn-tbm- tIm-Ã-tZ-io-b- £o-c-Zn-\w-˛-\-hw-_¿- 26ar-K-ß-sf- t¢m- - sN-øp-∂n-\p-≈- tem-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- m-Iv-S-dn- ÿm-]n-°p-∂- cm-Pyw-˛-ssN-\-2016 se- C¥y≥- dn-∏-ªn-Iv- Zn-\-]-tc-Un-s‚- ap-Jym-Xn-Yn-bm-bn- F-Øp-∂- -©v-^-kn-U-‚ v- ˛-- Francois Hollandeò-I-cm-I-a-W-sØ- Xp-S¿-∂v- 10 Zn-h-k-sØ- A-Sn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿ- ]-Jym-]n-®- B-^n-°-≥ cm-Pyw- ˛-am-en-2015 \-hw-_-dn¬- C-¥y- ]-co-£- A-Wzm-bp-[- hm-l-I- ti-jn-bp-≈- an-ssk¬- ˛-A-·n- 4]-b-dp-h¿-§-ßƒ-°p-≈- A-¥m-cm-jv-S-h¿-jw-˛-20162015 se- B-Zn-Xy- hn-Iw- _n¿-f- I-em-in-J¿- A-hm¿-Un-\v- A¿-l-\m-b- k-¥q¿-hn-Z-Kv-[-≥˛-in-h-Ip-am¿- i¿-a-G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv- kn¬-®m¿- epw-Un-Mv- sd-bn¬- ]m-X- 2015 \-hw-_-dn¬-D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-ø-s∏-´-Xv-˛-B-kmw-Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-s‚- B-Zy- B-W-h-\n-e-bw-\n¿-Ωn-°p-∂n-\v- D-S-º-Sn-bn-te¿-s∏-´- cm-Pyw-˛-d-jy-k-am-[m-\-Øn-\pw- \n-cm-bp-[o-I-c-W-Øn-\pw- hn-I-k-\Øn-\p-ap-≈- 2015 se- C-µn-cm-Km-‘n- A-hm¿-Un-\v- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´- kw-L-S\ - United NationsHigh Commissioner For Refugees(UNHCR)tIµ k¿°m¿ \ntbm-Kn® Ggmwiºf IΩo-js‚ A[-y-£≥-˛-P-ÃnkvF.-sI.-am-Øq¿C¥-y-bnse G‰hpw henb Ko≥ô¬Uv Ão¬ πm‚ v I-enw-K-\-K¿ (H-Un-j)ssN\-bn-te-°p≈ C¥-y≥ Aw_mk-U-dmbn 2015 \hw-_-dn¬ \nb-an-X-\m-b-Xv-˛-hn-P-bv tI-ihv tKmJse

PSC BULLETINFortnightly

1. R.N. 44588/86 Reg. No. KL/TV (N)34/2015-172. Licence No. for posting without pre payment - KL/TV(N)/WPP/165/2015-17

Rupees 5.00December 15, 2015

Views and ideas expressed in the articles published in PSC Bulletin are not, necessarily, those of the Commission. Edited and Published by Saju George, SecretaryKerala Public Service Commission on behalf of Kerala Public Service Commission and Printed by him at P. Krishna Pillai Memorial Printing & Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, Thiruvananthapuram.

2015 \hw-_-dn¬ A¥-cn® C¥-y≥sdUvtIm-kns‚ skI-´dn P\-d¬˛k-X-y-t]mƒ AK¿hmƒ2015 \hw-_-dn¬ A¥-cn® dnk¿®vB‚ v A\m-en-knkv hnßns‚ Xe-h\m-b BZy ae-bm-fn-˛-sI.-i-¶-c≥\mb¿^n^ 10 h¿j-tØ°v hne-t°¿s∏-Sp-Ønb t\∏mƒ ^pSv_mƒ At m-kn-tb-j≥ ]kn-U‚ v-˛-K-tWjv Xm∏kmº-ØnI Xń-∏v, sX‰mb hnhcwka¿∏n-°¬ XpS-ßnb Imc-W-ß-fm¬GXv ]cnÿnXn kwL-S-\-bpsS cPn-kvtS-j-\mWv d±m-°n-b-Xv-˛-Ko≥]okvC¥ydj-y -bpsS D∂X _lp-a -Xn -bmb]pjvIn≥ saU-en\v A¿l-\mb ae-

bmf Ihn- -H.-F≥.-hn. Ipdp∏vC‚¿s\‰v D]tbm-K-Øn¬ tem-IØvH∂mw ÿm\-Øp≈ cmP-yw-˛-ssN\Ãm¿´∏v \bw Bh-jvI-cn® BZyC¥-y≥ kwÿm-\w-˛-I¿Wm-SIwC‚¿s\‰v D]-tbm-K-Øn¬ C¥-y≥temIØv FXmw ÿm\-am-Wv- -aq∂mwÿm\wGXv kwÿm-\ -Øm-Wv Km≥UvAe≥b≥kv (alm-k-J-yw) 2015 ¬`c-W-Øn-se-Øn-bXv˛_olm¿\mj-W¬ PpUn -j-y¬ At∏m -bn‚ vsa‚ v IΩo-j≥ kw_-‘n® `c-W-L-S\m t`Z-KXn FX kwÿm-\-ß-fmWv dm‰nss^ sNbvX-Xv˛20Imbn-I-Xm-c-ßƒ°p≈ Pn.-hn. -cmPAhm¿Un\v A¿l-cm-b-Xv- -]n.-B¿.-io-tPjpw (tlm-°n) s_‰n tPmk^pw(I-bm-°n-ßv)2015 se hm°v Bbn HmIvkvÛvUn£-\-dn-bn¬ ÿm\w ]nSn-®-Xv- -C-tam-ń-tIm¨kz— `mcXv kwcw-`-ßƒ°v ]WwIs≠-Øp-∂-Xn\v tIµ k¿°m¿

s∏Sp-Ønb 0.5 iX-am\w \ne-hn¬h∂Xv F∂p apX-em-Wv˛2015 \hw-_¿ 15tem-I-Øv- F-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- B-bp-[-°-b-‰p-a-Xn- \-S-Øp-∂- cm-Py-ßƒ-˛-bp.-F-kv.-F,- d-jy,- ssN-\-bp.-F-∂n-te-°p≈ C¥-y-bpsS ÿncw]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn \nb-an-X-\m-b-Xv-˛-k-CuZv AIv_-dp-±o≥tIcfØnse BZ-ysØ sI.-F-kv.-C.-_n. C≥tUm¿ k_vtÃ-j≥- -B-d-∂q¿tIc-f-Ønse G‰hpw henb kzo-thPv

So‰vsa‚ v πm‚ v-˛-ap-´-ØdtIc-f-Ønse B-Z-ysØ Xoc-tZikvs]j-ym-en‰n Bip-]-Xn- -h-enb XpdtIcf \nb-a -k-` -bpsS sU]-yqńkv]o°-dmbn Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏- -Xv- -]m-temSv chntIc-f-Øns‚ cmP-ym-¥c Ne-®n-Xtaf-bpsS thZn-˛-Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]pcwhngn™w Xpd-ap-J-Øn-s‚ DZvLm-S\w\S-∂Xv ˛2015 Unkw-_¿ 5FXm-aXv cmP-ym-¥c Ne-®n-X-ta-f-bmWv 2015 ¬ \S-°p-∂Xv ˛20Cu h¿jsØ kwÿm\ kvIqƒAXve-‰nIv taf-bpsS thZn-˛-tIm-gn-t°mSvag-Im-cWw sh≈-s∏m°w h≥ ]fbwkrjvSn® Z£n-tW-¥-y≥ \K-cw-˛-sNss∂GXv \nb-a-k-`-bmWv Fw.-F¬.-F.amcpsS iºfw 400 iXam\w h¿≤n-∏n-®p-sI≠v _n¬ ]m m-°n-b-Xv -˛-U¬ln20 m -aXv cmP-ym-¥c Ne-®n-X-ta-f-bpsSa’-c-hn -`mKw NnX-ß-fpsS PqdnsNb¿am≥-˛-Pq-entbm s_bvk≥temI Ãm‰n-ÃnIvkv Zn\w-˛H-IvtSm-_¿20Uoanßv _nKv F∂ ]pkvXIw cNn-®-Xv-˛kmw ]ntSmUC¥-ybpsS BZ-ysØ aƒń thhvseMvØv kvt]kv H_vk¿th-‰-dn-˛-B-kvtSm-km‰v

GXv kwÿm-\-ØmWv Kp÷m¿ hn`m-K-Øn\v 5% kwh-cWw G¿s∏-Sp-Øm≥Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv-˛-cm-P-ÿm≥kmº-ØnI ]n∂m° hn`m-K-ßƒ°v15% kwh-cWw G¿s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Xocp-am-\n® C¥-y≥ kwÿm-\w-˛ -cm-P-ÿm≥h\n-X-Iƒ°v k¿°m¿ DtZ-ym-K-ß-fn¬33% kwh-cWw ]J-ym-]n® C¥-y≥kwÿm-\w-˛-a-[-y-]-tZivGXv cmP-y-amWv ]p\tc-Io-I-c-W-Øn-s‚ 25 mw hm¿jnIw 2015 ¬ BtLm-jn-®-Xv-˛-P¿Ω\nC¥-y≥ sdbn¬th-bpsS ]cn-jvI-c-Whpw ]p\:-kw-hn-[m-\hpw kw_-‘n®v \ntb-Kn-°s∏´ IΩn-‰n-˛-_n-t_Iv tZt_mbvaq∂p-t]-cn¬ \n∂p≈ Un.-F≥.-F. D]-tbm-Kn®v inip-°sf krjvSn-°p-∂Xp\nbaw \n¿Ωn® B-Zy cmP-yw- -_n- ¨C˛-td-j≥ Im¿Uv kwhn-[m\w Bhn-jvI-cn® B-Zy C¥-y≥ `c-W-L-S-Iw-˛-U¬lnB‘-]-tZiv ePn-t…‰ohv Iu¨kn-ens‚ AwK-_ew 50 ¬ \n∂v FX-bmbn Db¿Øp-∂-Xn-\mWv temIvk-`-bn¬ _n¬ ]m m-°n-b-Xv-˛58sSÃv In°-‰n¬ Sn∏nƒ sk©-zdnt\Snb BZy C¥-y-°m-c≥ A¥m-

cmjvS In°-‰n¬ \n∂v hnc-an-°m-\p≈Xocp-am\w 2015 HIvtSm-_-dn¬ ]J-ym-]n-®p. t]cv? hotcµ skhmKvC¥-y-bnse BZ-yØ tUmƒ^n≥IΩ-yq-Wn‰n dnk¿hv GXv kwÿm-\-Øn-emWv ÿm]n-°m≥ t]mIp-∂-Xv-˛-]-›na _wKmƒB‘-]-tZ-ins‚ ]pXnb Xe-ÿm-\-Øn\v ][m-\-a¥n a≥tam-l≥ knßv2015 HIvtSm-_¿ 22 \v Fhn-sS-bmWvXd-°-√n-´-Xv? Aa-cmhXnGXv \Zn-bpsS Xoc-ØmWv Aa-cm-h-Xn-˛-IrjvWC¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- F-b¿- I-≠o-j-≥Uv- U-_nƒ- U-°¿- i-Xm-_v-Zn- F-Iv-kv-]-kv- B-cw-`n-°p-∂-Xv- G-sXm-s°-ÿ-e-ß-sf- _-‘n-∏n-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv- -ap-

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