next generation ami system architecture and the smart grid · pdf filenext generation ami...

Next Generation AMI System Architecture and the Smart Grid

David G. HartMarch 2010

2 © 2009 by Elster. All rights reserved.

AMI Basics� Multi-Utility Requirements

� Electric (power always on)� Gas (battery powered communications)� Water (battery powered communications)

� Smart Meters� Smart meters are the driving force behind AMI

� Multi-Technology Two Way Communications � WAN technology includes public wireless, utility in frastructure

such as SCADA communications, satellite or other te chnology� LAN typically 902-928 MHz, some at 2.4 GHz or licens ed� HAN typically Zigbee 2.4 GHz or Homeplug line carrie r

technologies

� Standards� Glue that allows systems to inter-operate

� Grid Modernization� Leverage new communications infrastructure to impro ve the

grid operation


AMI Basics - Multi-Utility Requirements� Utility solutions and infrastructure should meet

all of their needs – not just part of the needs� Utilities provide essential services: Electric, Gas ,

and Water � All of these benefit from the smart grid

� Better customer service� Conservation via loss detection� Better planning and deployment of infrastructure

� AMI must not require multiple infrastructures for the same purpose

� All natural resources need to be conserved � Conservation is enabled when knowledge is

available� AMI provides the knowledge !


AMI Basics - Smart Meters

� Smart meters provide new opportunities for residential service� Time of Use Rates� Interval data for monitoring usage

� Smart Meter vs Dumb Meter� Solid state meter does not equal smart meter� Smart Meter needs to compute metrological functions

� Allows use of standard tables� Allows auditability of the meter at the utility mete r shop� Allows government approval of the meter such as

measurement Canada approval� Smart Meters needs to have ability to firmware

upgrade meter and communications options� Smart meter needs to be programmable to meet

evolving customer needs


AMI Basics - Smart MetersMetering Architecture – Inconsistent Today3 Architectural Parts: Today:

• Depending on vendor, register functionality can be done in either Communications module or Meter

• Audit challenges - Some meters provide data locally via optical port others don’t

• It may be possible to have two separate sources calculating billing data

• In many cases registers functionality cannot be flashed

• Different comms protocols used• Some use C12.19 tables others don’t• Functionality of C&I meters similar across

vendors• Functionality of residential meters varies

greatly across vendors• Different approaches to meter security

Register (LP kwhr, kw, kVar.TOU, etc)

Core Metrology

Communications

Register (LP, TOU)

Ambiguous overlap exists today


AMI Basics – Multi-Technology Two Way Communications� One technology cannot solve all of the utility

requirements� Line carrier, wireless mesh, SCADA, public wireless ,

dedicated frequency bands, etc.� All AMI systems require multi-technology

communication deployments� WAN/LAN/HAN

� Smart Grid solution requires that multiple technologies be deployed and overlap� Line carrier on a secondary transformer may use

utility WAN to communicate to the headend� Mesh network may utilize utility fiber or SCADA rad ios

to communicate to the headend� Either could utilize public wireless for headend

communications� Public wireless can be used for hard to reach or

critical points such as C&I meters


Customer Information System

Billing/Settlement Systems

Meter Data Repository Demand Response

Work Order Mgmt & Inventory

Outage Mgmt System

Rate Research

Utility Enterprise Service Bus

WAN WAN Cloud Extends Over the Distribution Network

AMI Basics – Multi-Technology

900 MHz

900 MHz

900 MHz

900 MHz

900 MHz

C&I meter

C&I meter

Multi-Technology Approach for the WAN to utilize extension of new technologies, existing utility systems, public wireless, etc


AMI Basics – Standards ‘Glue’

� Standards are essential to providing functionality across systems� TCP/IP, UDP, CIM, DNP,

Zigbee, IEEE 802.15.4g (in process), C12, etc

� Standards must exist at the interfaces to allow for All AMI systems require multi-technology communication deployments

� Security standards are essential for a reliable network

AMI Smart Grid

AMI Headend

Consumer Portal

DR

SCADA

MDM


AMI Basics – Grid ModernizationToday’s Distribution Grid is a Black Box

R

Generation and Transmission SCADABattery backup for real-time controlSecond scan rates

Distribution SCADATypically limited to substationsBattery backup for real-time controlSecond scan rates

Feeder and Customer PremiseLimited information available

Mbps High Speed Communications for Low Volume High Value Capital InvestmentsLimited or No Communications for High Volume Lower Capital Investments

Sys

tem

O

bser

vabi

lity


AMI Basics – Grid ModernizationThe Smart Distribution Grid Provides Distribution System Information Like Never Before

R

Generation and Transmission SCADABattery backup for real-time controlSecond scan rates

Distribution SCADATypically limited to substationsBattery backup for real-time controlSecond scan rates

Feeder and Customer PremiseInformation from across the gridConsumer access to data

High Speed Communications for Low Volume High Value Capital InvestmentsAMI Mesh with Distributed Intelligence provides communications across the grid

Sys

tem

O

bser

vabi

lity


AMI Basics – Grid Modernization

Voltage Monitoring� Deployment to monitor voltage levels at secondary

transformers and detect blown fuse at the transform er� Information that was never economically practical b efore AMI


Trends That Will Impact AMI and the

Smart Grid

� Standard Smart Meter functionality

� New communication technologies� Public WiMax� Private WiMax� Public Wireless� Communications will continue to rapidly move forwar d

� Standards will catch up to the new technologies� More LAN standardization in the future to drive tow ard

smart meters with integrated cost optimized communications

� Continued push for SCADA functionality such as DNP over IP

� Continued impact of the public wireless technologie s in the smart grid space


Trends That Will Impact AMI and the

Smart Grid

� Communications across the distribution grid will generate new Smart Distribution Grid applications� Immediate and clear benefits

� Quality of Service indices� Voltage performance and management� Loss detection

� New applications will continue to drive local distributed intelligence into the communications networks� Voltage alarms� Firmware upgrades

� More utilization of consumer infrastructure� Consumer portals


Trends That Will Impact AMI and the Smart GridA Standard Metering Architecture for the Future

Future• Register functionality will be done by

the meter communications will be a pass through

• All data will be available locally via optical port even with communications turned off.

• Communications and register functionality will be flashed for bug fixes and feature upgrades

• C12.19 tables will become more standardized (On going work)

• C12.22 or other protocol will emerge as an application layer over IP (On going work)

• Functionality of C&I and residential meters will become more similar

• More embedded Comms

Register (LP kwhr, kw, kVar.TOU, etc)

Core Metrology

CommunicationsOnly


Trends That Will Impact AMI and the Smart GridMulti-Technology (Today vs. Tomorrow)

• Radio technology is changing-Public Wireless� Public Wireless

�Smaller form factor� Industrial grade�Lower cost point�Network providers offering bundled

pricing and service� Increased BW and lower latency

� Improved network management metrics

�Offer full TCP/IP stacks�Allow for drivers to easily be

created for 3rd party development


Trends That Will Impact AMI and the Smart GridMulti-Technology

� Radio Technology is Changing – Private Radios

� Current crop of mesh and tower based solution will continue� Focus on BW – 100kbps + will be the norm� Transport of multi-protocols etc..

� Much work is being done by radio module vendors� Smaller size� Cost� Various modulation techniques

� Radios typically thought of as SCADA radios will find their way under the cover or as access points to the AMI mesh� Choice of multiple physical radios under the cover

� OFDM (used in WiMax) is gaining interest for private radios� 600k – 1Mbps at 900 Mhz� Greater BW will improve interoperability

� IEEE standards work will advance these radios� There may be Utility allocated spectrum – Canada??



EA Management

System

Unified Interface to Utility Enterprise Systems: • Demand Response• Work Order Mgmt• Outage Mgmt• Rate Research • Billing• CIS• MDM• Inventory Mgmt

Enterprise Applications

Demand ResponseWork Order MgmtOutage MgmtRate Research BillingCISMDMInventory Mgmt

AMI Network

Management System Meters and

other endpoint devices

Util

ity S

ervi

ce B

us

Web Services, SOAP, API, MultiSpeak,

CIM

WAN Backhaul LAN, NAN, FAN

AMI Solution

Today’s Focus – Single Technology



EA Management

System

Unified Interface to Utility Enterprise Systems: • Demand Response• Work Order Mgmt• Outage Mgmt• Rate Research • Billing• CIS• MDM• Inventory Mgmt

Enterprise Applications

Demand ResponseWork Order MgmtOutage MgmtRate Research BillingCISMDMInventory Mgmt

AMI NetworkManagement

System

Meters and other

endpoints

Util

ity S

ervi

ce B

us

Web Services, SOAP, API, MultiSpeak,

CIM

Network Management

Security

IP Connectivity

WAN Tech 1

WAN LAN 2

Disaster Recovery / High Availability Distributed Intelligence, Self Healing

Unifying Smart Grid Solutions

WAN Tech 2

WAN LAN 1

Future: Multiple Technologies


Trends That Will Impact AMI and the Smart GridSmart Grid Applications

New Metering in the Smart Grid

Traditional Meter Today

Thank You!

David G. [email protected]

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