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Newsletter - December 2018

THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTEOF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS

NEWSLETTER

December 2018

President’s messageBy: PG de Witt

December is holiday month in South Africa. Most of us take a break in line with the construction industry closure. Being so busy throughout the year, the holiday period provides us with an opportunity to reflect on what we have done and make new plans for the coming year.

Highlights for the year include the SAIAE symposium with the theme “Meeting the Challenges and Growing Agricultural Engineering – TOGETHER WE CAN”. A workshop was also presented on “Strat-egies to Grow Agricultural Engineering in Africa” which contributed to a project SAIAE is leading and undertaking in collaboration with the Pan African Society of Agricultural Engineers (PASAE), and the Institute of Agricultural Engineering (IAgrE) and Harper Adams University in the UK.

The AGM held at the symposium venue allowed for lively discussions on some key challenges that need to be addressed. The proposals by members are appreciated and will be considered by Council for further decisions and actions.

SAIAE also encouraged and motivated our younger members to take an active part in the symposium. The prize for the best presentation by a young person was highly contested, and the cash award was welcomed by the winner, Me. Z Buyeye. We hope that this initiative will gain even more momentum in the coming years.

On behalf of the SAIAE council, I wish that all our members utilise the opportunity to strengthen relationships with friends and family in this time of rest, and that 2019 will indeed be a prosperous one.

In this editionPresident’s message 1

Newly elected SAIAE President 2

SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS HONOURS MEMBERS WITH THE SAIAE GOLD MEDAL 2

Meet your branch chairperson 3

SAIAE Symposium, Biennial CPD Event and PASAE Workshop 5

SAIAE Symposium 2018 – Sponsors and Partners 5

PASAE Workshop 2018 6

SAIAE Leading AfroAgEng Project 7

Best presentation by a young person award 7

The Indlondlo Zulu Dancers 8

CPD program - Precision farming short course 9

Candidate/Mentorship Program 9

Modernization of the SAIAE Website & Marketing Material 9

NSTF/proSET STEM Education discussion forum - An engineering perspective on required skills in STEM 10

SAIAE Business breakfast 10

PhD Agricultural Engineer Graduates, April 2018 11

TECHNOLOGICAL VIABILITY OF COFFEE HUSK ASH, SOIL RICH IN KAOLINITE-FERRINATRITE AND KAOLINITE-GEOTHITE FOR THE ADSORPTIVE REMOVAL OF CHROMIUM (VI) FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER 11

DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF AN INTEGRATED POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR THE HANDLING AND STORAGE OF FRESH TOMATOES IN SOUTH AFRICAN SUPPLY CHAINS 12

Top performing students in each year of study for the 2017 Agricultural Engineering (BSc) degree: 12

Celebrating Student Innovation 13

Western Cape branch 13

Mpumalanga branch 14

Gauteng branch 14

Limpopo branch 15

Thabo Mavundza foundation 16

Congratulations! Award won by Mr. TL Dirwai 17

Membership matters 17


SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS HONOURS MEMBERS WITH THE SAIAE GOLD MEDALBy: FB Reinders

At the Gala Dinner of the SAIAE Symposium and Biennial CPD Event from 17 – 20 September 2018, Gold medals were awarded to Prof. Jeff Smithers and Me. Isobel van der Stoep. The SAIAE GOLD medal is awarded to an individual who renders an exceptional service to SAIAE.

Prof. Jeff Smithers completed his BSc Agricultural Engineering degree at the Uni-versity of Natal in 1982. That was followed with an MSc in Engineering at UKZN in 1984 with the thesis “A computer control system to optimise tractive efficiency” In 1999 he completed his PhD in Engineering at UKZN with the thesis Title: “Develop-ment and evaluation of techniques for the estimation of short duration design rainfall in South Africa”

He served as President of the SAIAE from 2009 to 2010 and has served on the Council member for more than 20 years. He is a Registered Professional Engineer with the Engineering Council of South Africa and served on the ECSA Professional Accreditation Committee for Agricul-tural Engineering.

As President of the SAIAE, he demon-strated leadership and gave focused direction. He made significant contribu-tions to the functioning and leadership of the SAIAE to grow the profession of Agricultural Engineering in South Africa. He believes that being a leading member of a professional body such as the SAIAE, contributes both to the Community at large and public image of the university, while at the same time ensuring Profes-sional support for the graduates. He has been involved in significant outreach activities related to the SAIAE, whose

mandate is “to promote the profession, to develop the science and technology of Agricultural Engineering, to promote and encourage research and training in Agricultural Engineering, to promote the distribution of knowledge, information and ideas and the protection and promotion of the interests of the members of the Agricultural Engineering profession”.

Apart from providing excellent guidance with the SAIAE’s Students and tertiary training portfolio, he was also instrumental in compiling all the Agricultural engi-neering standards that are available on the SAIAE Website.

Through these visionary and leading inputs, Jeff played a pivotal role in promot-ing and serving SAIAE into an organization that we are all proud of.

Newly elected SAIAE President By: I van der Stoep

The SAIAE Council is proud to announce that the next President of SAIAE will be Mr. Pranesh Moodley Pr Eng, effective from 1 March 2019. Pranesh is a professional Engineer with 17 years’ engineering experience, mainly in Agricultural Engi-neering, and a director at MBB Consulting Engineers in Pietermaritzburg.

He has been involved in a wide variety of projects such as the agro-industry, irrigation earth dams, pipelines, irrigation schemes, hydrological investigations, water resource planning, construction super-vision, contract administration, project management and quantity surveying. The scope of his experience within the consulting environment ranges from close involvement through the conceptual to detailed design stages of water reticulation and earth dams, in addition to topographic

survey, tender document creation, site supervision and project management. His responsibilities range from being the junior member of a design team to the complete design and management of projects.

He has served intermittently on the SAIAE Committees at both branch (KZN) and national level over the last 10 years and is currently the Vice-President of SAIAE. As a member of the Indian community in South Africa, he is the first person of colour to be elected president, and this progressive step for the Institute also reflects the growth in the number of Black and Indian SAIAE members from 4% to 38% over the last 15 years. We wish him well with his term in office and look forward to the contribution he will make as the 26th president of SAIAE.


Isobel van der Stoep completed her B.Sc Agricultural Engineering studies at the University of Pretoria in 1996 and joined MBB Consulting Engineers Inc in Decem-ber 1996. In October 1998, she joined the University of Pretoria’s Department of Agricultural Engineering where she was a Lecturer, Researcher & Consultant.

Isobel took office as the first Woman President of SAIAE for 2013 to 2014 and

during that two years, SAIAE underwent drastic changes and has seen several new initiatives taken. Most of it was inspired by Isobel. It included Agricultural engineering focus areas of:• Standards and norms• CPD program• Candidates / Mentorship• Students and tertiary training

She was the driving force of the focus areas and we saw the fruits in the Institute due to her hard work. Due to her excellent way of handling SAIAE affairs she was elected for a second term as President from 2015 to 2017. The standard of SAIAE Symposiums and CPD events was also set on a new standard and you will all remember the Symposium on the MSC Opera from Cape Town a to Durban and the Kruger National Park CPD event.

She was also instrumental in developing a framework for SAIAE Continuous Professional Development Courses that in

fact just kicked off with a very successful course that was presented.

Professionally she is registered as a professional engineer with the Engineering Council of South Africa and a Fellow the SA Institute of Agricultural Engineers. She served on the Professional Advisory Committee with ECSA from 2015-2016 and she was the Chairperson from 2013-2017 of the University of KwaZulu-Natal Industry Advisory Board for the programme in Agricultural Engineering.

She is also actively marketing SAIAE at every possible forum and strengthen the relationships with various organizations like WRC, DWS, DAFF, ARC, SAAWUA and others by interacting with them.

Through these visionary changes and inputs, Isobel played a pivotal role in transforming SAIAE into an organization that we are all proud of.

Meet your branch chairperson By: B Neethling

Gauteng

Mr. Raishan NaiduEmail: [email protected]

Cell: 083-406-9628

Raishan is a Professional Engineer with 10 years’ experience in the water sector. He has worked as Project Manager and Lead Design Engineer on several large water engineering projects ranging from planning and feasibility studies to infrastructure design and construction management. He is currently a Principal Engineer at NAKO ILISO, responsible as the Regional Representative for the Infrastruc-ture Business Unit in Gauteng.

He is a Specialist in surface water engi-neering, displaying expertise in hydrologi-cal and hydraulic modelling, design, flood analysis and storm water management for the urban, mining, industrial and

agricultural sectors.

Raishan is also at the forefront of integrat-ing “green storm water infrastructure” into storm water engineering solutions. He has worked on several complex flood manage-ment projects, incorporating innovative engineering solutions with ecologically sensitive designs. He also draws on expe-rience in rural water supply and sanitation to offer expertise in construction and project management.

Free State

Mr. Jaco HomannE-mail: [email protected]

Cell: 084 440 6266

Jaco has a BSc Eng. (Agriculture) from the University of KwaZulu-Natal, a MSc Eng. (Mechanical) from North-West University

and a Higher Certificate in Management Development (MDP) from the University of the Free State.

He started working at the University of the Free State in 2015, as a Junior Lecturer and was appointed as Lecturer in 2017. He is currently practicing as an Energy Manager in Training (EMIT), Certified Energy Auditor in Training (CEAIT) and Certified Water Efficiency Professional. He is also appointed by the Energy Training Foundation as assistant trainer the Fundamentals of Energy Management and Training (FEMT) course and as Assessor for the Building Energy Auditor Training (BEAT) course. He is also serving as the Branch Secretary for the SABI Free State branch.


Mpumalanga

Mr. Sandile Buthelezi Email: [email protected]

Cell: 076-137-8337

Sandile has a BSc Eng. (Agriculture) from the University of KwaZulu-Natal. He com-pleted his degree in 2012, and registered with ECSA as a Candidate Engineer.

He has been working for Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, Land and Environmental Affairs in Mpuma-langa, since 2013, mainly in Agricultural Engineering. He has been involved in a wide variety of projects; which include pack houses / processing rooms, irri-gation earth dams, pipelines, irrigation schemes, boreholes, fencing, construction supervision, contract administration, and project management.

The scope of his experience within the public services ranges from close involve-ment through the conceptual to detailed design stages of water reticulation, irrigation systems designs, farm buildings, and animal handling facilities, in addition to topographic survey, tender document development, contract management, site supervision and project management. His responsibilities range from being the junior member of a design team to the complete design and management of projects. He has been a member of SAIAE since 2014.

Western Cape

Mr. Wouter VisserEmail: [email protected]

Tel: 021-887-1026

Wouter has more than 12 Years’ expe-rience in infrastructure management, design, tender, construction and supervi-sion of projects. This includes the design, implementation, construction supervision and project management of sewer and water networks including pump stations. The geometric and structural design of urban roads, rural roads, parking facilities and highways. Storm water as well as river modelling and detail design for runoff calculations, retention and detention facili-ties. Services infrastructure for agricultural, agricultural value adding facilities and agricultural optimization and profitability. Mine infrastructure, water treatment and water detention structures / facilities. He is currently the Director at MBB Consulting Engineering Services in Cape Town

Limpopo

Mr. Thabo MavundzaEmail: [email protected]

Cell: 081-010-8420

Thabo is a Technical Manager at Westfalia Fruit and registered as a Professional Engineer with ECSA. He has nine years of Engineering experience, mainly in Agricultural Engineering and it has been an exciting journey of Engineering excellence that covers Research, Government extension services and private farm-ing operations.

His career started at the Agricultural Research Council Institute for Agricultural Engineering, followed by the Mpumalanga Provincial Department of Agriculture and currently with Westfalia Fruit. His work over the past 5 years can be summarized as covering the following subjects: • Engineering design and implementation

– fruit packing machines, irrigation systems, farming equipment’s, roads and nursery system.

• Infrastructure maintenance – dam safety evaluations, industrial buildings, labor and management housings, farm roads, powerlines.

• Fleet Maintenance and Management – Tractors, trucks, LDV, Quads, motorcy-cles and other farming equipment’s.

• Water and electricity use management. • Water rights and allocation application

and management. • Waste water environmental

management. • Engineering capital project

management.• And technical advisor to farmers.

Mr. Mavundza is also the founding mem-ber of the Thabo Mavundza Foundation, a platform to give back to the community and promote education in marginalized youth in rural South Africa, under the slogan Dream Live and Thrive. (More about the foundation on page?)

Kwa Zulu-Natal

Me. Chikondi DlaminiEmail: [email protected]

Tel: 033-940-2114

Chikondi is a Candidate Engineer with 5 years consulting engineering experience, mainly in Agricultural and Civil Engineering design and construction. Her experience includes bulk water supply and irrigation schemes, agro-processing structures and sustainable animal housing from detailed design through to construction and project management.

Chikondi first served on the KZN branch as a student representative in 2011 and has since contributed to both Branch and National level SAIAE events. She has a keen interest in the future of Agricultural Engineering in Southern Africa and is looking forward to collaborating with the Agricultural Engineers across KZN.


SAIAE Symposium, Biennial CPD Event and PASAE Workshop by Isobel van der Stoep

17-20 September 2018, Salt Rock Hotel, Durban“Meeting the challenges and growing agricultural engineering – TOGETHER WE CAN”

Symposium 2018 - delegates

Mr. FB Reinders – President of The International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID)

Prof. LU Opara – President of The Pan African Society for Agricultural Engineering, (PASAE - AfroAgEng) and

The International Commission of Agricultural Engineering, (CIGR)

Dr R Kimmie - Manager: Hub for the African City of the Future School of Engineering,

Howard College Campus.

The biennial SAIAE symposium took on an international flavor this year when forces were joined with the newly founded Pan-African Society for Agricultural Engineering (PASAE) whose activities are currently financed by the Royal Academy of Engineering (UK) through the AfroAgEng project.

The event, which stretched over nearly four days, was attended by more than 100 delegates from amongst other countries, South Africa, Nigeria, Tanzania, Morocco, Uganda, DRC, Ghana, Botswana, Zambia and the United Kingdom.

A total of 55 speakers made contributions to the program, which included sessions on energy, food processing, soil, water and environmental engineering, mechaniza-tion, precision agriculture and structures. A special presentation by Dr Allyson Lawless on the need and availability of agricultural engineers in Africa highlighted the important role agricultural engineers should play but also the challenges faced by our industry on the African continent.

It was encouraging to see the large num-ber of young engineers that did not only attend but also presented papers on their

work to the audience, and seemed ready and eager to grow agricultural engineering into the future. All presentations can be viewed on the SAIAE website.

This event has really set the standard for Symposiums to come and we would like to thank SAIAE business manager Boeboe Neethling and the organizing committee for their hard work to make this event a success.

All presentations available to download, contact Boeboe at [email protected]

SAIAE Symposium 2018 – Sponsors and PartnersBy: B Neethling

The symposium would not have been such a huge success without the com-panies that came on board as spon-sors and partners!

SAIAE would hereby like to thank the following persons / companies for their contributions / sponsorships.

The invited keynote speakers:• Mr. FB Reinders – President of The

International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID),

• Prof. LU Opara – President of The Pan African Society for Agricultural Engineering, (PASAE - AfroAgEng) and The International Commission of Agricultural Engineering, (CIGR) and

• Dr R Kimmie - Manager: Hub for the African City of the Future School of Engineering, Howard College Campus.

The PASAE Workshop organizers - Prof. JC Smithers / Dr J Cooper, (Harper Adams University, UK), Mr. A Taylor, (IAgre, UK) and the presenters from Africa.

The KwaZulu-Natal branch chairperson – Dr A Kassim and the committee members for their technical inputs.

Mr. PM Moodley – SAIAE Vice President for hosting the SAIAE symposium.


PASAE Workshop 2018By: JC Smithers

A successful workshop chaired by Prof. Linus Opara, (PASAE / CIGR President), on “Growing Agricultural Engineering in Africa” was held on 18 September 2018 as a session at the SAIAE symposium which ran from 17 – 19 September 2018.

Presentations were made by;(all presentations available to download, contact Boeboe at [email protected])• Ms. Meredith Ettridge – Senior Man-

ager – International development from the Royal Academy of Engineering, on the GCRF and the role of RAENG in strengthening engineering in Africa.

• Mr. Alastair Taylor - CEO from the

Institute of Agricultural Engineering, UK on the status, challenges and growing agricultural engineering: UK and European perspective.

• Prof. Geoffrey Mrema from Sokoine University in Tanzania on the status, challenges, opportunities and strategies to grow agricultural engineering: East-African perspective.

The Technical field visit companies / presenters.• Mr. Nkosinathi Nsele - Senior Manager:

AgriZone Operations - Dube Trade Port, where delegates got to see an overview of Africa’s first integrated perishables supply chain and the most technologi-cally advanced future farming platform on the continent.

• Me. Michelle Binedell - The South African Sugarcane Research Institute (SASRI), who is a leading agricultural research institute in Africa, established in 1925 to serve the sugar industry. It is world renowned for its research into the development of new sugarcane varieties and improvement of crop management and farming systems to enhance profitability.

SAIAE gratefully acknowledge the following sponsors’ contributions:• Platinum sponsor: Grundfos• Silver sponsor: EVN Africa Consulting

Services• PASAE Workshop - AfroAgEng Project• Technical tour sponsor: Westfalia Fruit• Stationary sponsor: AfroAgEng Project

sponsored by the GCRF and The Royal academy of Engineering, UK

• Other sponsors: Mottech


• Prof. Michael Faborode – Secretary General – Committee/Association of Vice Chancellors and Pro Chancellors of the Nigerian Universities on the status, challenges, opportunities and strategies to grow agricultural engineering: West-African perspective.

• Prof. El-Houssine Bartali – Director – School of Agricultural Engineering, - Scientific Advisor / International Consultant – IAV HASSAN II RABAT, MOROCCO on the status, challenges, opportunities and strategies to grow agricultural engineering: North-African perspective.

• Prof. Jeff Smithers from the University of KwaZulu-Natal on the status, challenges, opportunities and strategies to grow agricultural engineering: South-African perspective.

The presentations were followed by group discussions, (10 groups) on the below questions, with each group reporting back. In addition, individual responses to the questions were also collated. The informa-tion collated during the workshop is being analysed to develop a strategic plan to grow Agricultural Engineering in Africa.

Questions for discussion by groups;• What are the opportunities of growing

Agricultural Engineering in Africa?• What are the challenges to growing

Agricultural Engineering in Africa?• What are the barriers to overcome

these challenges?• What prioritized strategies should be

undertaken to grow and strengthen Agricultural Engineering in Africa?

• What additional activities should PASAE / AfroAgEng undertake to grow, service and support members?

Information on the Interregional Con-ference on Land and Water Challenges, (CIGR) - First Section 5th Interregional Conference with the topic: “CHALLENGES OF WATER MOBILIZATION AND SOIL CON-SERVATION IN BETTER ADAPTING TO CLI-MATE CHANGE” and the 2nd Conference of the Pan African Society for Agricultural Engineering (PASAE - AfroAgEng) on “THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING IN MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY”, from 10 – 13 September 2019, IAV Hassan II, in Rabat, Morocco will be distributed early next year.

SAIAE Leading AfroAgEng ProjectBy: JC Smithers

The Royal Academy of Engineers (RAENG) in the UK, in partnership with the Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF), put out a call in 2017 for proposals under their GCRF Africa Catalyst programme. The aim of GCRF Africa Catalyst programme is to strengthen professional engineering bod-ies in sub-Saharan Africa so that they can effectively promote the profession, share best practice and increase local engineer-ing capacity, to help drive development.

SAIAE members, Professors Jeff Smithers and Linus Opara, responded to the call, with approval of the President and Council SAIAE, with a proposal titled “Planning for the growth of Agricultural Engineering in Africa by supporting the establishment of AfroAgEng”. AfroAgEng is a synonym for the Pan African Society for Agricultural Engineers (PASAE), which

was launched in 2012 with an Interim Council for the PASAE established at a CIGR conference held in Stellenbosch, and a draft constitution approved at an ASABE conference held in Stellenbosch in 2016 with little other activity. The aim of the PASAE is, broadly speaking, to promote and advance the profession of Agricultural Engineering in Africa.

The proposal to RAENG was successful with a one year project approved, starting in January 2018. SAIAE are leading the SAIAE-RAENG AfroAgEng project team in partnership with the PASAE, the Institute of Agricultural Engineering (IAgrE) in the UK (Alastair Taylor – CEO of IAgrE) and Harper Adams University in the UK (Ed Mashatise and Jonathan Cooper), with Boeboe Neethling providing the adminis-trative support for the project team. The

main aims of the project are to facilitate the inaugural council meeting for PASAE (competed on 23 March 2018 in Nairobi), establish a secretariat, administrative procedures and financial controls for Afro-AgEng (largely completed) and to develop a strategy to strengthen the development of AfroAgEng and to grow Agricultural Engineering in Africa.

A session was set aside at the SAIAE symposium to workshop the strategy and international speakers were invited to give overviews on the status, challenges, opportunities and strategies to grow Agricultural Engineering and this will cover UK-European perspectives and from East, West, North and South African perspec-tives. See article on Page X for more details on the workshop.

Best presentation by a young person awardBy: T Mavhundza

To identify, promote and support outstand-ing agricultural engineering work done by young agricultural engineers and student members, the South African Institute of Agricultural Engineers, (SAIAE), initiated the Best Presentation by a young person award. The award is given for an excellent presentation, vocal, technical, problem solving and overall project management at the biennial symposium. The ward may be given to one or two of the presenting

students based on an absolute standard of excellence and criteria developed by evaluators. It is encouraged that at the time of the presentation, each award winner should be registered as a student member of SAIAE. All student presenters will be eligible for the award.

This initiative and intention were evident during the 2018 SAIAE Symposium where presentations done by young agricultural engineers doing their honors, masters and PhD projects, were evaluated and rated by a panel for young professional registered engineers. The award is given to a student presenting at the symposium whose presentations meet the criteria that cover the quality of both presentation and content. The panel responsible for the


The Indlondlo Zulu DancersBy: B Neethling

The Indlondlo Zulu Dancers, entertained guests at the SAIAE Symposium Gala Dinner and it’s hard to imagine anything so dramatic, compelling and visually riveting as seeing a huge group of dancers performing together with such precision and beauty. You only need to watch one of the videos of the Indlondlo Zulu dance group, to see that this extravaganza has taken years of training, practice and dedi-cation to stage. The group has performed at major sporting and tourism events but are also available for private functions and ceremonies.

Indlamu dance in Zulu culture was and still is used as an important factor in maintaining a sense of Group solidarity. This Traditional Male Warrior dance shows off muscular strength and mastery of weapons in mock combat. The dance exemplifies Zulu cultural beliefs in Compe-tition, stamina and Power. It is derived as

a war dance from the time of King Shaka, who became a Leader of the Zulu Nation in 1816. During the Anglo-Zulu war, the war dances helped inspire men as they were to begin their Long barefoot marches to battle. South African Zulus are known for their foot stomping and high kicking movements, which sends dust flying and create a resonating force that can be felt through the ground.

This group is made of executive manage-ment, administrators and performers. The group was established in 2010 through gathering young boys together and performing the Zulu dance (ukusina) and as time went by, the warrior dance (indlamu) was introduced. Seeing that the warrior dance became the most popular, the decision was taken to concentrate and promote it extensively.

Indlondlo Zulu Dancers is a Non- Profit Or-ganisations (151- 983 NPO) that performs

and educate Cultural Dances in the rural areas of the Valley of 1000 Hills/ KwaNyavu / Mkhambathini and surrounding areas. The organisation has been granted a piece of land by local chief, Mdluli on the 8th of July 2018 to build, Indlondlo Cultural Village in the Valley of 1000 Hills, Ophok-weni, Mkhambathini, South Africa. The Village will offer Zulu Dance Workshops, Traditional food, Indigenous games, picnic and camping areas, cultural events and local Safaris.

Website: www.indlondloculturalvillage.co.za

Email: [email protected]

evaluation were Mr. Thabo Mavundza Pr. Eng, Mr. Raishan Naidu Pr. Eng, Pranesh Moodley Pr. Eng and Dr Gareth Lagerwall - Lecturer from UKZN.

The 2018 SAIAE Symposium “Best Presen-tation by a young person award” went to Me. Zikhona Buyeye who presented on: “Quantifying the difference in biometric attributes and agricultural productivity between vertically- and soil grown plants under different light sources”

Congratulation Zikhona!!!! Job Well Done!!

ABSTRACT:

Use of the vertical plane for food produc-tion may provide a solution to future food security concerns caused by environmental damage, unpredictable climatic conditions and competition for land resources, amongst others. Currently, there exists a

gap in literature on the scientific assess-ment of vertical farming structures against field farming. Therefore, the aim of this research is to assess the performance of hydroponic vertical structures compared to field farming. The objectives are to design and construct vertical hydroponic structures, to quantify the difference in biometric attributes for plants grown in soil and those grown in vertical hydroponic structures and to compare the agricultural productivity of the two growing methods. This will be achieved through the indoor growth of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. cicla.) in hydroponic vertical structures and in soil. The plants will be grown under natural and artificial (Light Emitting Diodes) light. The nutrient solution will be provided in two concentration levels: 5 g.l-1 and 10 g.l-1. Plant biometric variables, such as weight, leaf length and width, plant height and leaf count, will be measured during the

growing period. These attributes will be used to derive the leaf area index, leaf area ratio, absolute growth, relative growth, crop growth and net assimilation rates to assess the degree to which growing plants in vertical hydroponic structures differs to soil growth. Partial factor productivity, in the form of labor-, energy-, and land productivity, will be used to assess the agricultural productivity of the different growing methods.


CPD program - Precision farming short courseBy: F Hugo

The first CPD-accredited short course for 2018, Precision Farming, was held on the 18th and 19th of April 2018 at Valtrac in Parys, and by request also at Tongaat in KZN on the 6th and 7th of June 2018.

SAIAE would like to thank Valtrac and Tongaat for the venues supplied, free of charge!

Precision agriculture promises better returns on investments and improve livelihoods for farmers around the globe. One of the biggest changes in agriculture in our lifetimes, it is spreading to devel-oping countries, where smart farming technologies, including data collected from satellites and drones, are set to finetune the way farmers grow their crops.

Eleven topics were covered which spanned most of the fields of precision farming.

These topics could possibly be grouped into three main areas of interest namely data collection and interpretation, application of precision data on machinery in the field and variable rate irrigation and soil water management. The eleven topics were a good introduction into the wide and very specialised field of precision farming. With the field of application as wide as it is, participants in the first course could find value in future courses which are more focussed on one or two of the main areas and with practical field work and office-bound manipulation of data. A survey on this suggestion will indicate whether there are enough people interested to warrant such a short course.

Of special significance was the fact that there were also delegates of South Africa’s neighbouring countries, which promises an opportunity for future co-operation and

sharing of knowledge in SADEC.

The lecturers were Kas van der Merwe, Christo Helm, Johannes van As and Adam Olivier. They can be justifiably proud of a job well done. We hope to have their valu-able inputs available again in the future.

Courses planned for 2019:• Design of small dams

by Deon van der Merwe• Design of Solar Energy power systems

by Adriaan Louw• Contract / Project management by

Kobus van Rensburg

Candidate/Mentorship ProgramBy: R Naidu

A Candidate/Mentorship Programme to assist young Agricultural Engineers with registering as professional engineers will be rolled out in the Pretoria Branch as pilot project during 2019. At the beginning of 2019, all qualifying and available mentors

will be requested to complete a short re-sume for compilation of a pool of suitable mentors. Dependent on the response from these branch members, the pool of prospective mentors will be circulated to all Pretoria Branch candidate engineers

for selection. Qualifying candidates for the mentorship programme will be any engineer than can register with ECSA.

Modernization of the SAIAE Website & Marketing Material By: R Naidu

It has been recognized by Council that our website and marketing material requires modernization, with the intention of refreshing the image of the SAIAE brand, thereby attracting new members and creating awareness of Agricultural

Engineering. Mr Naidu and his Gauteng Branch have been tasked with this initiative. A professional service provider has subsequently been appointed to work closely with Council in developing a web-site and marketing material that speaks

to the needs of the modern Agricultural Engineer, also integrating all relevant social media platforms. Planned roll out of the updated website and marketing material is planned for the first half of 2019.


NSTF/proSET STEM Education discussion forum - An engineering perspective on required skills in STEMBy: B Neethling

The SAIAE Council would like to thank Mr. Louis Lagrange, who represented SAIAE at the National Science and Technol-ogy Forum (NSTF), held in Johannesburg for his significant contribution to the NSTF/proSET STEM Education discussion forum held on the 6th of August 2018. He co-presented with the University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Engineering.

Mr Lagrange did an international literature survey and presented the imperative links between required skills of the engineer as problem solver and STEM (Science,

Technology, Engineering and Mathemat-ics). He discussed how SET (Science, Engineering and Technology) developed into STEM by adding Mathematics, and is now developing into STEAM through the addition of arts. He concluded that the E, Engineering, is typically missing in school education and presented possible solutions to re-add the E in schools, while at the same time using it as unifying factor to include arts to STEAM, in primary as well as secondary schools.

He concluded by discussing the Engineer-ing Design and Engineering Life Cycles and the importance of establishing the foundations of STEAM in young children.

SAIAE Business breakfastBy: B Neethling

“Agricultural Engineering - Together We Can”

For Agricultural Engineering to stay relevant in a modern society, the SAIAE Council has set it as one of its goals to strengthen ties with industry as this is essential to sustain training, development and deployment of Agricultural Engineers.

As part of achieving this goal, a business breakfast to provide commercial entities

and other interested parties with an overview of Agricultural Engineering and the contributions Agricultural Engineers make in industry was held on the 15th of February 2018 at the Conference center, Pure Joy in Kameeldrift, Pretoria. The envisaged outcome of the event was to establish a mutually beneficial network between companies of importance for the industry and Agricultural Engineers.

The Gauteng branch chairperson, Mr

Raishan Naidu hosted the event with 53 delegates attending. Presentations by;• Dr John Purchase – CEO at AgBiz pre-

sented on: “What should Agricultural companies expect in 2018”

• Prof Bob Scholes – Systems Ecologist at Wits University presented on: “Evidence for climate change”

• Mr Felix Reinders closed off with a discussion and way forward on SAIAE Company affiliation and strengthening ties with industry


PhD Agricultural Engineer Graduates, April 2018 By: T Seyoum

SAIAE would like to congratulate Drs. Tolesa, Samuel and Cherono on graduating with a Doctorate of Engineering (PhD) degrees from UKZN. The thesis titles listed below aptly illustrates the dynamic and varied disciplines in which Agricultural Engineers can apply themselves.

MODELLING OF MICRO-ENVIRONMENT IN COLD STORES USING COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC MODELS – By: Dr GN Tolesa; Supervisor: Prof TS Workneh

The postharvest loss of fresh produce is a global problem, with the tomato fruit being subjected to 30-50% loss of total production after harvest. Low-cost cooling technologies, such as evaporative cooling (EC), CoolBot-air-conditioning cooling (CBACC) and a combination of the two (EC+CBACC), provide alternative solutions to minimize postharvest losses. The aim of

this study was to investigate the real-time airflow characteristics, temperature, relative humidity, enthalpy and heat flux distribution inside the EC, CBACC, and EC+CBACC systems, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling tech-niques. The steady state and transient CFD modelling of the micro-environment inside the EC, CBACC, and EC+CBACC systems were performed to visualize the inside of the storage chambers. The developed CFD model showed the air reel-time velocity profile (Fig. 1), temperature, relative humidity and heat flux inside the storage chambers. The visual observations of ve-locity vector and temperature uniformity inside the stores were determined using the developed CFD model. The new CFD model was validated by comparing the ex-perimental and calculated inside stores air velocity. The information generated in this study has resulted in the accurate analysis

and re-design of air ventilation system and modelling of heat transfer characteristics from tomatoes stored in the EC, CBACC and EC+CBACC storage chambers.

Fig. 1. Contour of airflow and air velocity magnitudes inside the coolers

TECHNOLOGICAL VIABILITY OF COFFEE HUSK ASH, SOIL RICH IN KAOLINITE-FERRINATRITE AND KAOLINITE-GEOTHITE FOR THE ADSORPTIVE REMOVAL OF CHROMIUM (VI) FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER By: Dr. ZA Samuel; Supervisors: Prof TS Workneh; Prof C Trois and Dr FF Feyessa

Heavy metals and chemicals above permissible levels can be emitted to the environment as wastewater effluents from agro-industries (Fig. 2). When these are discharged into the environment, they significantly pollute the quality of the water bodies and the environment. The safe and effective purification of polluted water containing heavy metals is always a challenge.

This study investigated the technological viability of low-cost materials, such as coffee husk ash, soil that is rich in kaolinite (40.4%) and ferrinatrite (59.6%), and soil that is rich in kaolinite

(29.4%) and goethite (70.6%), for the adsorptive removal of chromium from industrial wastewater. The physical properties and elemental composition of the three adsorbents (soil rich in kaolinite-ferrinatrite, coffee husk ash and kaolinite-goethite were characterized. The results of the adsorption isotherm show that Langmuir adsorption isotherm model better described Cr(VI) adsorption into soil rich in kaolinite-ferrinatrite (SRKF), soil rich in kaolinite-goethite (SRKG) and coffee husk ash (CHA). The empirical data and models developed in the study were used to establish theoretical design analysis of adsorptive treatment plant for industries

that emits such contaminated wastewater.

Fig. 2. Wastewater discharge from tannery to a river


DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF AN INTEGRATED POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR THE HANDLING AND STORAGE OF FRESH TOMATOES IN SOUTH AFRICAN SUPPLY CHAINS By: Dr K Cherono; Supervisor: Prof TS Workneh

In South African tomato fruit supply chains, transportation activities dominate the supply operations, with 60 % of total fruit produced in the country being grown in the Limpopo Province and supplied countrywide to markets as far as Cape Town. This study investigates the effects of long distance transportation and in-field handling practices on the quality of tomatoes in South African tomato supply chains, with the aim of developing an integrated post-harvest management system for transporting fruit from farms to domestic markets. Route distances and road quality were measured during transportation. Fruit colour, firmness, mar-ketability, pH, weight-loss, lycopene, sugars and ascorbic acid (AA) contents were also analysed over a 30-day storage period (Fig. 3). The data was used to develop logistic and kinetic models for the supply of to-matoes. A transportation planning model was also developed using data from all the experiments that minimised logistical costs, while meeting consumer quality requirements for a given demand. The study showed that up to 17 % of tomato post-harvest losses in emerging economies occur during transportation. Harvesting in the morning and pre-cooling within two hours improved fruit marketability and weight-loss by up to 20 % and 75 kg ton-1, respectively, compared to harvesting in the afternoon and pre-cooling after six hours. The study showed that tomato postharvest

nutrient losses in commercial supply chains are not only affected by environ-mental and post-harvest practices, but also by road quality. In a typical scenario, the transportation planning model was shown to improve the profits of the growers by over 8000 ZAR per truckload of fruit compared to cases where the model was not used, while ensuring that consumers’ fruit quality requirements are met. The novel aspects of the research lie in the es-tablishment of the effects of long-distance transportation on the quality and shelf-life

of tomatoes under practical supply condi-tions. Guidelines for in-field handling and the long-distance transportation of fresh tomatoes have been developed, as well as environmentally-friendly disinfection treatments for commercial and emerging farmers. The developed transportation planning model that integrates key tomato quality attributes and other supply chain parameters is another novel output of the study.

Fig. 3. Procedures and oobserved changes in colour of tomatoes. A, B & C designates Green, Pink & Red tomatoes handled in bins while D, E & F designates Red, Green & Pink tomatoes handled

using boxes, respectively

Top performing students in each year of study for the 2017 Agricultural Engineering (BSc) degree:

Mr de Witt presents Mr Cossa with the award and

SAIAE bronze medal for best final-year student for 2017

Mr de Witt presents Mr Mkonta with the award for

best second-year student for 2017

Mr de Witt presents Ms Mthethwa with the award

for best first-year student for 2017

The best performing undergraduate students for 2017 are:1. 4th year:

Mr Steven Mafutha Cossa2. 3rd year:

Miss Sarah Joy Pickford 3. 2nd year:

Mr Sizwe Thembelihle Mkhonta 4. 1st year:

Miss Perm Mthethwa


Celebrating Student Innovation By: C Cuénod, Networking Facilitator - Friends of UKZN Agriculture

SAIAE President Mr. de Witt presented Mr. Upton and Ms. Pickford with the award for

the best final year design project

On 24 October, members of the Kwa-Zulu-Natal branch of The South African Institute of Agricultural Engineers (SAIAE) as well as SAIAE Council members, UKZN Bioresources Engineering staff, parents and friends of the final-year Agricultural Engineering students at UKZN gathered for the annual general meeting (AGM) of the SAIAE KwaZulu-Natal branch

and the presentation of the final-year design projects.The event, held in the Rabie Saunders Building on UKZN’s Agriculture campus, celebrated final-year student’s hard work on their design projects. The top two student design teams presented their work and guests had the opportunity to hear about all eight designs from student teams, who had prepared posters.

Projects done ranged in topic and comprised the design, construction and evaluation of: • a small-scale sorghum thresher• a machine to increase bulk density of

plastic bottles• a recirculating greywater treatment

system• a fluidyne pump• a small-scale milk pasteurizer• a system to measure tractor engine

performance

• a small-scale biomass-thermal single-ef-fect evaporator

• a beer-chiller and modular fermenter for a home brewery.

SAIAE President Mr. Pieter de Witt presented Mr. Richard Upton and Ms. Sarah Pickford with the award for the best final-year design project, which was a recirculating greywater treatment system. The duo also received a prize from MBB Consulting Engineers.

Professor Jeff Smithers thanked everyone for attending and congratulated all the teams for their hard work over the year. He especially thanked sponsors of the design projects, members of the advisory board and council members for their attendance. Sponsors of the AGM itself were Tongaat Hulett Sugar and ZZ2.

Western Cape branchBy: B Neethling

The SAIAE Western Cape Branch meeting took place on the 10th of October 2018, at CASIDRA’s offices in the Paarl, Western Cape. A big thank you to Mr. Kobus Ooosthuizen and his team for hosting the meeting.

Stimulating presentations on subjects that are relevant and interesting to us working in the Agricultural field were presented by Mr. Christoffel Botha who is a Dewatering Specialist and Groundwater Consultant on, “Water reclamation for industrial development’’.

Mr. Kobus Oosthuizen, the Chief officer at CASIDRA, (Technical), then gave an overview of projects they are involved in.

Casidra is the acronym for ‘Cape Agency for Sustainable Integrated Development in Rural Areas’. Casidra is an implementing

agency of the sole shareholder, the Provincial Government of the West-ern Cape (PGWC).

The organisation is listed as a Schedule 3D Public Entity (Provincial business entity) in terms of the Public Finance Management Act (PFMA) and has a Board of Directors as accounting authority. Casidra resides under the Western Cape Department of Agriculture and its minister as the designated executive authority. The department provides transfer funding to Casidra in terms of the PFMA.

Delegates Mr C Botha Mr K Oosthuizen


Mpumalanga branchBy: B Neethling

The SAIAE Mpumalanga Branch meeting took place on the 8th of No-vember at Cubic Water’s premises on the Barberton Road.

Presentations by, Mr. Christo Theron, (Agricultural Engineer) from Cubic Water on, “NEW” water filtration technology”, explaining the pros and cons and the comparison with sand and disc filter technology. And why water filtration is very important in modern irrigation systems. Water quantity and quality is

becoming more and more of a concern, therefore “NEW” filter technology can help to minimize waste water.

Mr. Marius Kolesky from M Kolesky Consulting Services, gave a presentation on “SMALL DAM DESIGN”, with an introduction to earth dam design, touching on legal aspects, hydrology, site selection, foundation treatment, soils suitability, spillway design, embankment design and maintenance.

Mr. Stephen Goetze, a Scientist, (Produc-tion) from the Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, Land & Environmental

Affairs (DARDLEA) gave an Overview of aquaculture production systems and meth-ods, species requirements, components and requirements for each process and technology behind the design, and what engineers should know about aquaculture.

SAIAE would like to thank the hosts of this meeting, Mr. Kobus Pieters and Mr. Christo Theron from Cubic water and want to extend a huge thank you to Annatjie, who assisted with all the assistance at the social function. And finally!! BEN! Thank you so much for your assistance with the BBQ! The meat tasted awesome.

Mr. C Theron Mr. S Goetze

Ben busy with the BBQ Attendees enjoying the social gathering

Gauteng branchBy: R Naidu

The SAIAE Gauteng Branch meeting took place on the 15th November 2018 at the Agricultural Research Council in Weavind Park, Pretoria.

Brief feedback was provided to members on Council activities from 2018, together with the proposed strategy for 2019, together with a recap of the symposium that took place in September 2018.

The Mentorship Programme to be imple-mented as a pilot through the Gauteng Branch was introduced to members. A short resume template, for compilation of

a pool of suitable mentors, was presented to members. Dependent on the response from branch members, the pool of pro-spective mentors would then be circulated to all Pretoria Branch candidate engineers for selection.

Presentations were as follows: Dr Karen Surridge (Centre Manager for the Renewable Energy Centre of Research and Development (RECORD) at the South African National Energy Development Institute) on “Energy in Agriculture”. Energy is required, in some form or other, in all industries and agriculture is

no exception. The questions then arise, what energy source does once use and to what end? What criteria are used to make decisions and how do these decisions effect downstream production? This presentation outlined energy sources available, SANEDI and what it is/does and options for energy efficiency as well as possible renewable energy interventions in the agricultural space. The topics of resources, choice of technology, finance and industry 4.0 for agriculture were addressed. An overview and summary of the associated studies that SANEDI has launched pertaining to an agricultural


platform that focuses on various aspects of multispectral integration within the value chain of agricultural industry was also presented.

Mr Wynand Moolman (Marketing / Sales Manager - Floppy sprinkler (Pty) Ltd) on Technical data – Sprinkler and overhead cable specifications

Floppy Sprinkler (Pty) Ltd (“Floppy Sprinkler”) is a technology company that developed and patented worldwide, a new-generation sprinkler and irrigation system called the Floppy Sprinkler permanent overhead irrigation system.

It embraces the three macro drivers of irrigation, namely Energy Efficiency, Water Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability. The presentation consisted of an introduction to Floppy Sprinkler, technical data, and demonstration videos and photographs of Floppy Sprinkler Over Head Cable Systems adopted globally.

Mr Gary Bing (Director -Traecan (Pty) Ltd) on his proposed course on Resilient Urban Water Management

Globally current practices in urban water management, of runoff, potable water and wastewater is unsustainable, and even

counterproductive. The published liter-ature has been advocating an approach that integrates these three functions that results in the re-use of water and its constituents. This presentation provided an overview of a course covering this proposed initiative.

SAIAE would like to thank our speakers for their valuable contribution at this meeting, our Gauteng Branch members for their attendance, and Ms Boeboe Neethling for doing an exceptional job in organising the event.

Limpopo branchBy: B Neethling

The SAIAE Limpopo Branch meeting took place on the 06th of December 2018, at Bosveld Landini.

In addition to normal branch activities undertaken, presentations by Mr. Arno Roux from Vantage Trimble Agriculture and our host, Mr. Dawie Grobbelaar from the Bosveld Landini Group and Vantage, presented on Agricultural implements and Trimble Precisions Systems, which are relevant and interesting to us working in the Agricultural field, after which we were taken around to view the agricultural implements and Trimble precision systems.

Bosveld Landini Dawie Grobbelaar – Owner

www.landini.co.za

Since the return of Landini to South Africa in 1994, Argo Industrial (Pty) Ltd expanded (broadened) his product base to McCormick tractors, Gallignani bales, Fella haymaking equipment, Morra balers and haymaking equipment, Agrimaster sprayers and shredders, Sigma 4 frontend loaders and Manip frontend loaders in South Africa. Our advanced technology has brought optimal results in improving farming techniques through excellent operator results, economic machine utilization, reliability and durability. The popularity of our brands has necessitated the restructuring of our business strategy locally under a new corporate body, Argo Industrial (Pty) Ltd.

Vantage Trimble Agriculture Arno Roux

Application Support Consultantwww.vantage-ssa.co

Our brand-neutral solution help farmers and advisors solve complex technology challenges across the entire farm opera-tions. With the additions of Muller-Elek-tronik, a German company specializing in implement control and precision farming solutions, we’ve extended our precision AG capabilities from vehicle to the imple-ment. We provided technology integration that allows farmers to Collect, Share, and Manage information across their farm. Our solutions are delivered through a global network of resellers which include our premier VantageTM distributors: whole farm, technology specialists who provide precision agriculture hardware, software and data expertise for the entire farm.

The SAIAE Limpopo Branch would like to thank Mr Grobbelaar and Bosveld Landini, for hosting the SAIAE Limpopo branch meeting.


Thabo Mavundza foundationBy: B Neethling

The Thabo Mavundza Foundation is an inspirational organisation for the young South Africans and Africans who are poverty-stricken and unable to DREAM of a better future. The Foundation seeks to expose the young people who are trapped in deep rural areas with no proper schools, libraries, information, enthusiastic teachers and/or role models, to a world that will enable them to DREAM and see themselves in the right location, condition or circumstances to reach GREAT HEIGHTS. The Foundation was established based on HUMBLE BEGINNINGS experienced by some young people, who managed unknowingly to fuel their DREAMS despite their impoverished backgrounds. Based on the diverse experiences of these young people, it was realised that there are South Africans and Africans, who have achieved even greater heights than the members of Thabo Mavundza Foundation and possibly from even far more challeng-ing HUMBLE BEGINNINGS.

The primary aim of the Thabo Mavundza Foundation is not to marginalise, but to highlight and emphasise that our HUMBLE BEGINNINGS can be a greatest weapon and source of inspiration for us and generations to come. Specifically, the foundation will assist to shape the

DREAMS of school-going youth by: • promoting quality, context and

gender sensitive education in rural communities,

• developing public-private partnerships in attaining basic education for all through multiple delivery systems with a special focus on disadvantaged communities,

• supporting initiatives in secondary ed-ucation, especially the technical stream on a non-profit basis, e.g. through industry visits, tertiary institutes visit, motivational talks, mentoring and possibly funding potential candidate,

• helping prepare under-resourced high school students qualify and get access of higher learning institutions,

• helping young people develop essential skills which will lead to long-term employment and economic self-suffi-ciency and

• Thabo Mavundza Foundation’s secondary objective is to work with organisations with similar goals.

The aim of the foundation is to ensure that we don’t only inspire the youth, but we also provide them with the tools on how to improve their lives and brighten their futures. The Foundation is a platform that will keep learners informed about opportunities available in the form of - career developments, tertiary institutions programmes, colleges programmes, short courses programmes, jobs, bur-saries, potential employers and how to market themselves.

Learners from Pfuxetani Primary School receiving shoes

Samson Shiviti High School - Learners receiving shoes

Thabo Mavundza: [email protected] www.thabomavundzafoundation.org


Congratulations! Award won by Mr. TL DirwaiBy: C Cuénod, Networking Facilitator - Friends of UKZN Agriculture

A Master’s in Engineering candidate in the Discipline of Bioresources Engineering, Mr Tinashe Lindel Dirwai, won an award for his presentation at the 19th annual Water Net/Water Research Fund for Southern Africa (WARFSA)/Global Water Partnership Southern Africa (GWP-SA) Symposium, held in Livingstone, Zambia.

The theme of the symposium, hosted by the University of Zambia, was Integrated Water Resources Development and Man-agement: Managing Water for the Future in a Changing Environment in Eastern and Southern Africa.

The symposium promotes interaction among policymakers, academics, practi-tioners from water and related sectors,

and co-operating partners. It encourages these groups to identify regional issues, gaps and priorities that require further research and support, and emphasizes the integration of knowledge.

Dirwai recently completed his Master’s research on the topic of engineering and water governance interactions in small-holder irrigation schemes for improved water management. His presentation - which won him the Lewis Jonker Distin-guished Young Water Scientist award - was on the topic of water governance variables that impact water adequacy in smallholder irrigation schemes based on a case of the Tugela Ferry and Mooi River irrigation schemes.Membership matters

Membership mattersBy: B Neethling

Members are reminded to send through proof of payment of membership fees. When making payments, please use the invoice number, or the first three letters of your surname together with the number as shown under Account on the invoice,

as reference for the transaction, as this makes it possible for the secretariat to trace payments from the bank statement.

The secretariat wishes to remind members that when they reach retirement age,

they are welcome to apply to change their membership to the Pensioner category which has lower annual fees than the active member and fellow categories.

For any administrative or financial queries, please contact Boeboe Neethling – [email protected]

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