news _officials_urge_halving_of_phosphorous_levels_in_upper_middle_c harles_river
TRANSCRIPT
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News• http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2009/11/05/environmenta
l_officials_urge_halving_of_phosphorous_levels_in_upper_middle_charles_river/
• http://www.boston.com/news/science/articles/2009/11/05/yellowstone_yields_1200_species_in_1_day_study/
• http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2009/11/05/with_tax_break_a_big_carbon_footprint/
• http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2009/11/05/clunkers_mileage_impact_queried/
• http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/science/11/02/kilimanjaro.glaciers/index.html
• http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/green/articles/2009/11/02/5000_years_later_a_new_warming_warning/
• http://www.kansas.com/news/breaking/story/1033346.html
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Stratospheric Ozone
75% of Mass below17 km
>390 nm
200-300 nm
2000 m—0.8 bar5500 m—0.5 bar(18,000 feet)
Image courtesy of www.aerospaceweb.org
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Sunlight Spectrum
UVA=320-400 nmUVB=280-320 nmUVC=<280 nm
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Stratospheric Vs. Tropospheric Ozone
Image courtesy of www.aerospaceweb.org
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Ozone Depletion
• O2 + hv O + O
• O + O2 O3
• O3 + hv (<290 nm) O2 + O
• O3 + Cl O2 + ClO
• ClO + O O2 + Cl
• O3 + O 2O2
• Cl can catalyze destruction of O3 100,000 times
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Overall ~5% Global Decrease in Stratospheric Ozone Predicted
Figure by UMB OpenCourseWare.
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Cancer Causing DNA Breakage due to UV rays
Image courtesy of www.assh.org
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Melanoma
Image courtesy of visualsonline.cancer.gov
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Carcinomas
Image courtesy of www.seattlecca.org
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Antarctic Ozone Hole
5% loss in O3 500% increase at 287 nm
Image courtesy of NOAA Research
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Polar Vortex, Spring
Image courtesy of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC)
• Antarctic Spring
• Polar Vortex
• Stratospheric clouds made of ice (nitric acid)
• Sunlight initiate reactions
• Heterogeneous chemistry (on particles)
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Image courtesy of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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Index Card
• How can we solve this problem?
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Solutions
US Clean Air Act: Venting of CFC/HCFC Refrigerants
Illegal July1, 1992
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Regulations
Source: NASA
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Solved? By 2050
• Hydro Halocarbons (HFCs)
• Single manufacturer (Dupont)
• Scientific consensus
• Simple chemistrySource: www.sabertec.org
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Image courtesy of Leland McInnes, Wikipedia